Based on the research findings and limitations of the present study, some
suggestions for future studies are made. First, for the assessment on the retelling
performances, by measuring the original speech rate alone, the subtle differences in
students’ speech performance are very likely to be overlooked. Hence, when
measuring fluency, the pruned speech rate is recommended. Since it excludes false
starts and repetitions, it is a more effective indication of speech fluency than the
original speech rate.
Second, with regard to the GO map instruction, the present study has pointed out
its effectiveness in improving Taiwanese EFL students’ oral story retelling
performances. A similar instruction as a pre-writing activity has also been proved
71
effective in improving Taiwanese EFL students’ picture-writing skill (Huang, 2005).
Hence, more studies can be pursued to explore the effects of the GO map instruction
on other speaking or writing tasks, such as the picture-based oral story telling and
written story retelling.
Third, retelling in itself is worth further investigation for its effects on language
learning. Since a previous study proposes that retelling can serve as an instructional
tool to enhance reading comprehension (Gambrell, Pfeiffer & Wilson, 1985), future
studies are suggested to explore the effects of retelling on reading comprehension of
EFL students in Taiwan.
Fourth, when examining the students’ retelling performances carefully, it was
found that the participants’ in the EG described the characters in more detail.
However, this feature could not be captured by the score determined by the Retelling
Analysis Grading Criteria Checklist (see Appendix N) since only mentioning the
character’s name was sufficient for the participants to get the full score. It is,
therefore, suggested that future studies can revise the criteria on the checklist to more
precisely show the difference among students’ retelling performances.
Lastly, Brown and Cambourne (1989) suggest that there are a variety of text
types for retelling. Hence, future studies may adopt other retelling materials, such as
the readings or dialogues in the English textbooks, to examine if retelling can
72
facilitate students’ learning of the textbook content.
The incorporation of the GO map instruction hasn’t been adequately promoted in
the learning contexts in Taiwan. Empirical studies that investigated the GO map
instruction and retelling are, at best, scarcely seen. The researcher, therefore, hopes
that the present study has shed some light on the pedagogical promises of the GO map
instruction in EFL learning and has encouraged more practitioners to conduct studies
on the GO map instruction to help improve students’ English ability.
73
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Four Types of Graphic Organizers
(1) Hierarchical
Map
(2) Conceptual
Map
(3) Sequential
Map
(4) Cyclical Map
Retrieved from: http://freeology.com/graphicorgs/index.php
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APPENDIX B-1 Consent Form for the EG
參加同意書
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APPENDIX B-2 Consent Form for the CG
參加同意書 致 貴家長:
本人為貴班的英文老師，目前就讀於國立台灣師範大學英語教學研究所在 職班，本人目前致力於英語故事重述的效益研究。
本研究中希望貴子弟參加兩次英語故事的重述活動以及英語故事教學課 程，本課程完全免費，不需另外支出任何費用。英語故事重述活動每次約十分 鐘而英語故事教學課程為一週一次，為期四週，一次約為 45 分鐘，所利用的 時間主要是自習課及英文課優質教學時間。學生能從英語故事當中習得更多英 文，而英語故事重述活動則是為了要得知學生在此能力上的表現如何，並能增 加學生的英語口語練習。
本研究中所收集到的資料，僅供本人做學術上的研究，所有資料將以匿名 方式來保護學生的隱私，學生的表現並不會列入成績的計算當中，請您放心。
貴子弟可以自由選擇是否要參加本課程，但必須先得到您的同意，才能加入。
一旦選擇參加，希望貴子弟能全程參與，效果才會最好。讓貴子弟參加本課程 將讓他們獲得更多有關英語學習的技能以及更能提升他們以英語重述故事的 能力，希望您能同意讓您的孩子參與。
口同意參加
口不同意參加
學生姓名:_____________
家長簽名:_____________
英文老師 陳立馨 學校電話: 28329377-27
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Three: Peter lives on the fifth floor of an apartment building.
Four: Thanks for carrying my mother’s baggage for her.
Five: Call 2373-6844 to order this wonderful machine!
Six: When Mary woke up this morning, she looked at the clock. What a shock! It was 8:00, and she was late! She put on her clothes quickly and ran all the way to school. But when she got there, the gate was closed.
Then she remembered. Today was Sunday!
複誦
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Ten Make yourself at home.
第二部份結束 回答問題
共 5 題。題目不印在試卷上，經由耳機播出，每題播出兩次，兩次之間約 有 1~2 秒的間隔。聽完兩次後，請立即回答，每題回答時間 15 秒，請在作 答時間內儘量的表達。
Question no 1. When is your birthday?
Question no 2. What did you do last night?
Question no 3. What are you wearing today?
Question no 4. Who is the singer you like the best? Why?
Question no 5. Do you like to play basketball? Why or why not?
第三部分結束
Retrieved from http://www.gept.org.tw/download/download-1.htm
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APPENDIX E-1 Retelling Story for the Pretest
Jimmy’s “New Grandmother”
Jimmy is a student. He lives on First Street. He is from a poor family so he has to work. He sends newspapers to people’s houses in the early morning.
It is a Saturday morning. Jimmy plays with his friends on First Street. They are bored. They throw stones at an old lady’s house. Jimmy knows the old lady because he sends newspapers to her. But, Jimmy doesn’t care. It is so much fun. A stone hits the window. The stone breaks the window. The old lady hears the noise. She comes outside. They are afraid so they run away.
Later in the afternoon, Jimmy feels sorry and worried. He does a bad thing. The old lady is always very nice to him. He wants to buy a new window for her. He works hard and saves some money. When he has enough money, he puts it in the old lady’s mailbox. The old lady sees everything from the window.
He meets the old lady again on Monday when he sends newspapers to her. She gives him a bag of cookies. He is very happy. When he opens the bag, he finds a little piece of paper. It reads, “I am very proud of you. You are an honest boy. ”Jimmy cries.
He goes to the old lady’s house and says sorry to her. She forgives him. They are like real grandmother and grandson. Jimmy now has a “new grandmother.”
(240 words; Readability: 2.4)
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APPENDIX E-2 Checklist for the Pretest Retelling Story
Story Title: Jimmy’s “New Grandmother”
Setting: on First Street/ a Saturday morning/ later in the afternoon/ on Monday Main Characters: Jimmy/ the old lady
Problem/ Goal:
Jimmy and his friends throw stones at the old lady’s house and break a window.
Main Events:
1. Jimmy sends newspapers to people every morning.
2. Jimmy and his friends throw stones at an old lady’s house and it breaks the window.
3. Jimmy and his friends run away.
4. Jimmy feels sorry and worried.
5. Jimmy works hard to have the money for the broken window.
6. Jimmy puts the money for the window in the old lady’s mailbox.
7. The old lady sees what Jimmy does from the window.
8. The old lady gives him a bag of cookies when they meet again.
9. The paper inside the bag says, “I am proud of you. You are an honest boy.”
10. Jimmy says sorry to the old lady.
End: The old lady forgives Jimmy. They are like grandmother and grandson.
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APPENDIX F Worksheets for the CG in Q & A sessions 1 to 4
Story 2 What Goes around Comes around Questions & Answers
5. Does Joe have enough money to send his son to school?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. What does Joe’s son become after he graduates from medical school?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. What does Joe’s son invent?
_____________________________________________________________________
11. Does the rich man’s son die in the end of the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
12. What does “what goes around comes around” mean?
_____________________________________________________________________
讀後感
How do you feel about the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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4. According to Amy’s thoughts, what will happen when the last rose dies?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Does Amy take any medicine in the beginning of the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Who does Judy talk with when she is worried?
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Why do they close the window?
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Does Amy take the medicine after she sees the last rose?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Is the last rose a real one?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. How does Amy feel when she looks closely at the rose?
_____________________________________________________________________
11. Why doesn’t the last rose die?
_____________________________________________________________________
12. What happens to Judy after a year?
_____________________________________________________________________
讀後感
How do you feel about the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
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Story 4 The Magic Touch Questions & Answers Number: Name:
1. Where does the greedy king live?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why does the king get the magic power?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What magic power does the king have?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Does the king like his magic power at first?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Why is the king scared when he gets a gold apple?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. What happens to the queen when she helps the king?
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Does the king want a gold queen?
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Does the king feel sorry in the end?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Why does the magic power disappear (消失)?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Does the gold queen become normal (正常的) later?
_____________________________________________________________________
11. Is the king still very greedy?
_____________________________________________________________________
12. How do the king’s people feel about him?
_____________________________________________________________________
讀後感
How do you feel about the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
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Story 5 A Selfish Giant Questions & Answers Number: Name:
1. What does the giant have?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What is there in the garden?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Does the giant like children?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What do children do in the garden?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Why is the giant angry when he comes back?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Why are the children scared?
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Why is it still winter in the garden?
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Why does spring finally come to the garden?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. How does the giant feel after spring comes?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Does the giant let the children play in his garden later?
_____________________________________________________________________
11. How is the giant in the end of the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
12. Does the giant play with his children in his garden?
_____________________________________________________________________
讀後感
How do you feel about the story?
_____________________________________________________________________
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APPENDIX G-1 Story 1 for the Story Introduction
What Goes around Comes around
Joe is a farmer. He grows vegetables on the farm every day. It is a rainy winter day, but he still keeps working. Suddenly, he hears something. A boy is crying for help from a big hole. The boy breaks his legs and he can’t walk. Joe
Joe is a farmer. He grows vegetables on the farm every day. It is a rainy winter day, but he still keeps working. Suddenly, he hears something. A boy is crying for help from a big hole. The boy breaks his legs and he can’t walk. Joe