Change
–4.0×10
-3In this section, we design an 32 × 32 PBG wavelength switch waveguide based on plasma effect. We simulate the phase shift effect and the optical wavelength switch with adding various voltages to change the
0708 0808
refractive index change on several fingered electrode pad regions. The max value of the refractive index change is –4.0×10-3. Fig. 4-16 shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm launching into input port8 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-16(a) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input8 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –13.12 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as
, , , , , , , and use the
change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508 M0608 M0708 M0808
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-16(b) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input8 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –10.31 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode
pads such as , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0 × 10
M0116 M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0816
M0608 M0708 M0808 M0111 M0211 M0311
∆n -3)on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-16(c) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input8 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –13.48 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode
pads such as , , , , , , , ,
, and use the change of refractive index (
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824
M M ∆n=–4.0×10-3) on
several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-16(d) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input8 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –13.8 dBm. We add voltages on
several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0132 M0232 M0332 M0432 M0532
M0632 M0732 M0808 ∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-17 shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm launching into input port16 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-17(a) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input16 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –12 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , , , , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508 M0608
M0708 M0808 M0616 M0716 M0816
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-17(b) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input16 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –14.02 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as ,
, , , , , , and use the change of
refractive index (
M0116
M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0816
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-17(c) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input16 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –14.63 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode
pads such as , , , , , , , , ,
, and use the change of refractive index (
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824 M0616
0716 0816
M M ∆n=–4.0×10-3) on
several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-17(d)
shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input16 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –11.83 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, and use the change of refractive index (
M0132 M0232 M0332
M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0832 M0716 M0816 M0126 M0226 M0326
M0426 M0501 ∆n=–4×10-3) on
several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-18 shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm launching into input port24 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-18(a) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input24 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –22.98 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508
M0608 M0708 M0808 M0724 M0824
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-18(b) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input24 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –16.9 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as ,
, , , , , , , , , and
use the change of refractive index (
M0116
M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0724 M0824 M0119 M0219
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-18(c) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input24 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –13.36 dBm. We add voltages on
several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524
M0624 M0724 M0824 ∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-18(d) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input24 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –18.35 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, and use the change of refractive index (
M0132 M0232 M0332
M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0832 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824
M0130 M0230 ∆n=–4.0×10-3) on
several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-19 shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm launching into input port32 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-19(a) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input32 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –14.7 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508
M0608 M0708 M0732 M0832
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-19(b) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input32 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –16.73 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as ,
, , , , , , , and use the
change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0116
M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0732 M0832
∆n -3) on several regions to control the
light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-19(c) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input32 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –14.13 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered
electrode pads such as , , , , , , ,
, , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0 × 10
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724
M0824 M0632 M0732 M0832 M0229 M0329
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-19(d) shows a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input32 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –18.38 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode
pads such as , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , and use the change of
refractive index (
M0132 M0232 M0332 M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0832
M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-20 shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm launching into input port8 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-20(a) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input8 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –19.99 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×
10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508
0608 0708 0808
M M M ∆n
-3)on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig.
4-20(b) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input8 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –13.73 dBm. We
add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, and use the change of refractive index (
M0116 M0216
M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0816 M0608 M0708 M0808 M0111
M0211 M0311 ∆n=–4.0×10-3) on
several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-20(c) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input8 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –15.1 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , , , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524
M0624 M0724 M0824 M0708 M0808
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-20(d) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input8 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –13.14 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as ,
, , , , , , and use the change of
refractive index (
M0132
M0232 M0332 M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0808
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-21 shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm launching into input port16 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-21(a) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input16 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –11.36 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , , , , and use the change of refractive M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508
0608 0708 0808 0616 0716 0816
M M M M M M
index ( ∆n=–4.0 × 10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-21(b) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input16 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –16.61 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode
pads such as , , , , , , , and
use the change of refractive index (
M0116 M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0816
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-21(c) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input16 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –14.78 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , ,
, , , , , , and use the change of
refractive index (
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424
M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824 M0616 M0716 M0816
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-21(d) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input16 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –13 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads
such as , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0 × 10
M0132 M0232 M0332 M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0832 M0716
M0816 M0126 M0226 M0326 M0426 M0501
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-22 shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm launching into input port24 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-22(a) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input24 to output8 and the
transmittance value of the output8 is –27.94 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508
M0608 M0708 M0808 M0724 M0824
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-22(b) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input24 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –18.05 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as ,
, , , , , , , , , and
use the change of refractive index (
M0116
M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0724 M0824 M0119 M0219
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-22(c) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input24 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –13.8 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10 M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524
M0624 M0724 M0824 ∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-22(d) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input24 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –20.31 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, and use the change of refractive index (
M0132 M0232 M0332
M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0832 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824
0130 0230
M M ∆n=–4.0×10-3) on
several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-23 shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm launching into input port32 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch. Fig. 4-23(a) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input32 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –14.38 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as , , , , ,
, , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0108 M0208 M0308 M0408 M0508
M0608 M0708 M0732 M0832
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-23(b) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input32 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –16.89 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode pads such as ,
, , , , , , , and use the
change of refractive index ( =–4.0×10
M0116
M0216 M0316 M0416 M0516 M0616 M0716 M0732 M0832
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-23(c) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input32 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –12.33 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered
electrode pads such as , , , , , , ,
, , , , , and use the change of refractive index ( =–4.0 × 10
M0124 M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724
M0824 M0632 M0732 M0832 M0229 M0329
∆n -3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. Fig. 4-23(d) shows a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input32 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –19.59 dBm. We add voltages on several fingered electrode
pads such as , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , and use the change of
refractive index (
M0132 M0232 M0332 M0432 M0532 M0632 M0732 M0832
M0224 M0324 M0424 M0524 M0624 M0724 M0824
∆n=–4.0×10-3) on several regions to control the light wave propagation path.
Fig. 4-24 shows an ITU light wavelength from 1532.2 nm to 1541.8nm launching into each input port from channel1 to channel32 at our designed 32×32 PBG wavelength switch individually. The total number of our input wavelength is 32 and the channel spacing is 0.4nm. In this case, we add voltages on several fingered electrode pads and use the various change of refractive index from 0 to –3.75×10-3 on several regions to control the light wave propagation path. The regions of adding voltages and the change of refractive index on several fingered electrode pads such as
= =–3.75 × 10
01
Mi Mi32 -3, Mi02 = Mi31 =–3.5 × 10-3, Mi03 = Mi30 =–3.25 × 10-3,
= =–3..0 × 10
04
Mi Mi29 -32, Mi05 =Mi28 =–2.75 × 10-3, Mi06 =Mi27 =–2.5 × 10-3,
= =–2.25 × 10
07
Mi Mi26 -3, Mi08 = Mi25 =–2.0 × 10-3, Mi09 = Mi24 =–1.75 × 10-3,
= =–1.5 × 10
10
Mi Mi23 -3, Mi11 = Mi22 =–1.25 × 10-3, Mi12 = Mi21 =–1.0 × 10-3,
= =–7.5 × 10
13
Mi Mi20 -4, Mi14 = Mi19 =–5.0 × 10-4, Mi15 = Mi18 =–2.5 × 10-4,
= =0 and where the is positive integral number (i=01, 02, …, 08).
16
i i17
M M i
Fig. 4-24(a) shows the simulation results of (1)-(8) for ITU wavelength from 1532.2nm to 1535nm launching into 32 × 32 PBG
wavelength switch from input port1 to input port8. Fig. 4-24(a)-(1) show a light wavelength 1532.2nm propagate from input1 to output32 and the transmittance value of the output32 is –12.03 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(2) show a light wavelength 1532.6nm propagate from input2 to output31 and the transmittance value of the output31 is –12.32 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(3) show a light wavelength 1533nm propagate from input3 to output30 and the transmittance value of the output30 is –18.35 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(4) show a light wavelength 1533.4nm propagate from input4 to output29 and the transmittance value of the output29 is –14.69 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(5) show a light wavelength 1533.8nm propagate from input5 to output28 and the transmittance value of the output28 is –13.37 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(6) show a light wavelength 1534.2nm propagate from input6 to output27 and the transmittance value of the output27 is –14.31 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(7) show a light wavelength 1534.6nm propagate from input7 to output26 and the transmittance value of the output26 is –19 dBm. Fig. 4-24(a)-(8) show a light wavelength 1535nm propagate from input8 to output25 and the transmittance value of the output25 is –13.61 dBm.
Fig. 4-24(b) shows the simulation results of (9)-(16) for ITU wavelength from 1535.4nm to 1538.2nm launching into 32 × 32 PBG wavelength switch from input port9 to input port16. Fig. 4-24(b)-(9) show a light wavelength 1535.4nm propagate from input9 to output24 and the transmittance value of the output24 is –11.02 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(10) show a light wavelength 1535.8nm propagate from input10 to output23 and the transmittance value of the output23 is –16.41 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(11) show a light wavelength 1536.2nm propagate from input11 to output22 and the
transmittance value of the output22 is –13.99 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(12) show a light wavelength 1536.6nm propagate from input12 to output21 and the transmittance value of the output21 is –11.12 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(13) show a light wavelength 1537nm propagate from input13 to output20 and the transmittance value of the output20 is –7.16 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(14) show a light wavelength 1537.4nm propagate from input14 to output19 and the transmittance value of the output19 is –11.39 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(15) show a light wavelength 1537.8nm propagate from input15 to output18 and the transmittance value of the output18 is –17.16 dBm. Fig. 4-24(b)-(16) show a light wavelength 1538.2nm propagate from input16 to output16 and the transmittance value of the output16 is –14.45 dBm.
Fig. 4-24(c) shows the simulation results of (17)-(24) for ITU wavelength from 1538.6nm to 1541.4nm launching into 32 × 32 PBG wavelength switch from input port17 to input port24. Fig. 4-24(c)-(17) show a light wavelength 1538.6nm propagate from input17 to output17 and the transmittance value of the output17 is –12.15 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(18) show a light wavelength 1539nm propagate from input18 to output15 and the transmittance value of the output15 is –22.74 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(19) show a light wavelength 1539.4nm propagate from input19 to output14 and the transmittance value of the output14 is –9.7 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(20) show a light wavelength 1539.8nm propagate from input20 to output13 and the transmittance value of the output13 is –7.13 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(21) show a light wavelength 1540.2nm propagate from input21 to output12 and the transmittance value of the output12 is –11.31 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(22) show a light wavelength 1540.6nm propagate from input22 to output11 and
the transmittance value of the output11 is –9.53 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(23) show a light wavelength 1541nm propagate from input23 to output10 and the transmittance value of the output10 is –11.4 dBm. Fig. 4-24(c)-(24) show a light wavelength 1541.4nm propagate from input24 to output9 and the transmittance value of the output9 is –13.27 dBm.
Fig. 4-24(d) shows the simulation results of (25)-(32) for ITU wavelength from 1541.8nm to 1544.6nm launching into 32 × 32 PBG wavelength switch from input port25 to input port32. Fig. 4-24(d)-(25) show a light wavelength 1541.8nm propagate from input25 to output8 and the transmittance value of the output8 is –11.47 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(26) show a light wavelength 1542.2nm propagate from input26 to output7 and the transmittance value of the output7 is –15.38 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(27) show a light wavelength 1542.6nm propagate from input27 to output6 and the transmittance value of the output6 is –14.87 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(28) show a light wavelength 1543nm propagate from input28 to output5 and the transmittance value of the output5 is –16.36 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(29) show a light wavelength 1543.4nm propagate from input29 to output4 and the transmittance value of the output4 is –19.47 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(30) show a light wavelength 1543.8nm propagate from input30 to output3 and the transmittance value of the output3 is –16.06 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(31) show a light wavelength 1544.2nm propagate from input31 to output2 and the transmittance value of the output2 is –11.95 dBm. Fig. 4-24(d)-(32) show a light wavelength 1544.6nm propagate from input32 to output1 and the transmittance value of the output1 is –12.15 dBm.
Fig. 4-25 shows the output power at individual output channels such
as output port 4, output port 8, output port 12, output port 16, output port 20, output port 24, output port 28 and output port 32 with different refractive index change for the wavelength launching into input port 8. The output power of the wavelength in the refractive index change =–1.6×
10
∆n
-2 is large than the refractive index change ∆n=–4.0×10-3. Fig. 4-26 shows the output power at individual output channels such as output port 4, output port 8, output port 12, output port 16, output port 20, output port 24, output port 28 and output port 32 with different refractive index change for the wavelength launching into input port 16. The output power of the wavelength in the refractive index change ∆n=–1.6×10-2 is large than the refractive index change ∆n=–4.0×10-3. Fig. 4-27 shows the output power at individual output channels such as output port 4, output port 8, output port 12, output port 16, output port 20, output port 24, output port 28 and output port 32 with different refractive index change for the wavelength launching into input port 24. The output power of the wavelength in the refractive index change ∆n=–1.6×10-2 is large than the refractive index change
=–4.0×10
∆n -3. Fig. 4-28 shows the output power at individual output channels such as output port 4, output port 8, output port 12, output port 16, output port 20, output port 24, output port 28 and output port 32 with different refractive index change for the wavelength launching into input port 32. The output power of the wavelength in the refractive index change
=–1.6×10
∆n -2 is large than the refractive index change ∆n=–4.0×10-3. Fig.
4-29 shows the output power at individual 32 output ports with different
refractive index change for 32 ITU wavelengths launching into switch device. The range of 32 ITU wavelengths is form 1532.2nm to 1544.6nm and the interval between two wavelengths is 0.4nm. We launch 32 ITU wavelengths into 32 input channels of our designed 32 × 32 PBG wavelength switch successive. By changing carrier concentration distribution, the index can be changed. We can switch the specific wavelength form the output port of waveguide as shown in Table IX and XII. According to the simulation results, the output power of the wavelength in the refractive index change ∆n=–1.6×10-2 is large than the refractive index change ∆n=–4.0×10-3.