I NTEGRATION R ESULT

The hardware analysis reference is from [1] proposed in ISSCC2006, and is listed in Table 4-1. In Table 4-1, It shows the synchronization function and the relative gate count.

Table 4-1 the hardware gate count of synchronization function in [1]

Function Gate count

GI/Mode detector 7861 Coarse symbol Sync. 8590 SP mode detection 2963 Fractional CFO Sync. 8219 Integer CFO Sync. 12224 SCO tracking 11006 Residual CFO tracking 11686

Total 62549

The proposed hardware integration result is listed in Table 4-2, in Table 4-2, it shows the gate count of proposed synchronization function and the reused part, moving correlation core and tracking core.

Table 4-2 the hardware gate count of synchronization function for the proposed design

Function Gate count

GI/Mode detector 784 Coarse symbol Sync. 1535 SP mode detection 329 Fractional CFO Sync. 1117 Integer CFO Sync. 5020 Moving correlation core 7268

SCO tracking 1195

Residual CFO tracking 1399 Tracking core 10156

Total 28803

In Table 4-1 and Table 4-2, we can calculate the proposed design hardware integration. The hardware decreases from 62549 to 28803, and the saving of hardware reaches 46% than conventional design [1] in ISSCC2006.

Chapter 5 .

Conclusion and Future Work

The synchronization system for DVB-T/H standard is completed in this paper. In this paper, we propose three synchronization designs: carrier phase alignment, sampling clock synchronization and fast synchronization. First, Carrier phase alignment solves worst channel in the mobile environment. At SCO 20ppm and Doppler frequency 70Hz in Rayleigh multipath with SNR 34dB, our DVB-T/H system still reaches Quasi Error Free (QEF) criterion. Second, sampling clock synchronization separates into two parts: SCO estimation and SCO tracking. The target is different for these two parts. Target of SCO estimation is estimation accuracy and targets of SCO tracking are tracking convergence and convergent time. In this paper, the proposed design improves the SCO estimation accuracy 2~5 times and reduces the SCO tracking time 3 times. Third, in fast synchronization discussion, our proposed design can decrease the synchronization time 2~4.5 times. It also means that, in timing slicing architecture for DVB-H standard, we can save power consumption 65%~95%

and reduce receiver buffers 1Mbits~3Mbits. Finally, the overall system performance of the proposed synchronization system loses below 0.31dB for all kinds of channels, including static and mobile environments.

In this paper, we also integrate the hardware of synchronization schemes. We proposed to reuse the similar part of the synchronization architecture. The proposed hardware integration method decreases 46% gate counts than the conventional design [] proposed in ISSCC2006.

In the future, we plan to integrate the proposed designs, including the 3 proposed synchronization designs and proposed hardware integration, with the DVB-T/H system in [1].

Bibliography

[1] Lei-Fone Chen, Yuan Chen, Lu-Chung Chien, Ying-Hao Ma, Chia-Hao Lee, Yu-Wei Lin, Chien-Ching Lin, Hsuan-Yu Liu, Terng-Yin Hsu, and Chen-Yi Lee, "A 1.8V 250mW COFDM Baseband Receiver for DVB-T/H Applications," IEEE ISSCC2006, pp.262-263, pp.652, Feb. 2006.

[2] M. Speth, S. Fechtel, G. Fock, and H. Meyr, “Optimum Receiver Design for OFDM-Based Broadband Transmission-Part II: A Case Study”, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.

49, No. 4, pp. 571-578, Apr. 2001.

[3] ESTI EN 300 744 V1.5.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Terrestrial Television,” Nov. 2004.

[4] ETSI EN 301 192 V1.4.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting” May 2003.

[5] M.H. Hsieh and C.H. Wei, "Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems Based on Comb-Type Pilot Arrangement in Frequency Selective Fading Channel,” IEEE Trans.

Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, No. 1, pp.217-225, Feb. 1998.

[6] ESTI EN 302 304 V1.1.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Transmission System for Handheld Terminals (DVB-H),” Nov. 2004.

[7] IEEE 802.11a IEEE Standards for Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications, Nov. 1999.

[8] T.A. Lin, and C.Y. Lee, "Predictive Equalizer Design for Dvb-T System," ISCAS2005, pp. 940-943, May 2005.

[9] S. Liu and J. Chong, “A Study of Joint Tracking Algorithms of Carrier Frequency Offset and Sampling Clock Offset for OFDM-based WLANs,” IEEE International Conf.

Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions, vol. 1, July. 2002.

[10] Cheng-Wei Kuang, “Timing Synchronization for DVB-T System,” MS Thesis, NCTU, Sep. 2004.

[11] T. Schmidl and D. Cox, “Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM,”

IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, Dec. 1997.

[12] S. Bug, C. Wengerter, I. Gaspard and R. Jakoby, “WSSUS-Channel Models for Broadband Mobile Communication Systems,” Vehicular Technology Conf., vol. 2, May.

2002.

[13] P. Robertson and S. Kaiser, “The Effects of Doppler Spreads in OFDM(A) Mobile Radio Systems,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Vol. 1, pp. 329-333, Sep. 1999.

[14] L. Litwin, "Matched Filtering and Timing Recovery in Digital Receivers," RF design, pp.32-48, Sept. 2001.

[15] H. Meyr, M Moeneclaey, and S. Fechtel, “Digital Communication Receivers,” Wiley Interscience, 1997.

[16] Y.J Ryu and D.S Han "Timing phase estimator overcoming Rayleigh fading for OFDM systems" IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 47, No. 3, Aug. 2001.

[17] M. Speth, S. Fechtel, G. Fock, and H. Meyr, “Optimum Receiver Design for Wireless Broad-Band Systems Using OFDM-Part I”, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. 47, No. 11, pp.

1668-1677, Nov. 1999.

[18] J. J. van de Beek, et al., “A Time and Frequency Synchronization Scheme for Multiuser OFDM,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Comm., Vol. 17, No. 11, pp. 1900-1914, Nov. 1999.

[19] Lu-Chung Chien, “Low Complexity Carrier Frequency Synchronization for DVB-T/H System” MS Thesis, NCTU, July. 2005.

[20] B. Yang, K.B. Letaief, R.S. and Cheng, Z. Cao, "Timing recovery for OFDM transmission," IEEE Journal Selected Areas in Commun., vol. 18, No. 11, pp.2278-2291, Nov. 2000.

[21] Y.J Kim, D.S Han and K.B Kim "A new fast symbol timing recovery algorithm for

OFDM systems" IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, No. 3, Aug. 1998.

[22] Ludwig Schwoerer, and Jussi Vesma “Fast Scattered Pilot Synchronization for DVB-T and DVB-H” Proc. 8th International OFDM Workshop, Hamburg, Germany, Sept. 24./25.

2003.

[23] W. C. Jakes, “Microwave Mobile Communications,” John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1974.

[24] Hsuan-Yu Liu, Yi-Hsin Yu, Chien-Jen Hung, Terng-Yin Hsu, Chen-Yi Lee “Combining Adaptive Smoothing and Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Schemes for OFDM WLAN Systems”, ISCAS, 2003.

[25] Yi-Hsin Yu, “A Channel Equalizer for OFDM-based Wireless Access Systems,” MS Thesis, NCTU, Jun. 2004.

作 者 簡 歷

姓名 ：李家豪

出生地 ：台灣省台南市 出生日期：1982. 8. 22

學歷： 1989. 9 ~ 1994. 6 台南市立永華國民小學 1994. 9 ~ 1997. 6 台南市立新興國民中學 1997. 9 ~ 2000. 6 國立台南第一高級中學

2000. 9 ~ 2004. 6 國立暨南國際大學 電機工程學系 學士 2004. 9 ~ 2006. 7 國立交通大學 電子研究所 系統組 碩士