4. Changing the Game - A Study of Two INGOs
5.3. Limitations of Research
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This paper has provided an analysis and theoretical reconceptualisation of the role of INGOs in the Nujiang Dam case, as well as empirical evidence surrounding the roles and capabilities of INGOs in dealing with smaller, more local issues, such as that discussed in Anhui province. This is a theoretical and empirical extension of the robust base of scholarship on how INGOs influence environmental political and social structures developed by Wang Liang and Wu Fengshi.
5.3. Limitations of Research
This thesis is limited by the fact that the scope of what it is trying to prove requires the researcher to conduct significantly more fieldwork than what I was able to conduct, in order to do so conclusively. I made a short visit to China in late September, 2009, in which I interviewed representatives from a number of INGOs in order to gain a first-hand appreciation of the general situation for INGOs in China.
During this period of time, I conducted the two interviews that were most critical for this research and that informed the case study, with Wen Bo of Pacific Environment in person, and with Nicole Brewer of International Rivers in a telephone conversation between Taipei and San Francisco.
However, given that this research places the domestic NGOs IR and Pacific Environment support at fund at the epicentre of the social structures it attempts to influence, the research would be stronger if I had been able to interview representatives from the NGOs that IR and Pacific Environment worked with. Green Watershed and Green Environment Volunteers were both contacted at this time via email; however, I never received a response. They were also contacted by telephone, but were not reachable at the time as their offices seemed to have closed early prior to national holidays in China celebrating the sixtieth anniversary of the PRC at the time.
I acknowledge that their absence from the fieldwork is a limitation of this research.
Further, I did not have the resources nor the contacts to establish communications with any government officials in the Ministry of Environmental Protection or any of the relevant environmental protection bureaus around the country. The lack of contact
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with domestic NGOs or the government has meant that I have had to try to rely on other sources to get a general impression of these organisations, as was the case with my review of the Bengbu city EPB, or draw my interpretations largely from the comments of Wen Bo and Nicole Brewer.
These interviews helped me to get an understanding of how the organisations operated, and how it conducted itself in the campaign. The interview with Wen Bo had to be augmented by a series of emails that requested further details about Green Anhui's campaign in Bengbu, as the case studies were not specifically selected until after the research trip. Learning about the Bengbu case study in this way is a weakness of the paper, and accounts for the lack of specific details on precisely how Pacific Environment supported Green Anhui and the social structure in Bengbu.
Further, as this was also my first research trip, I was somewhat inexperienced with the interview process, and did not always ask the most pertinent questions. A greater preparation for this may have assisted me in devising questions to more convincingly prove my thesis arguments.
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