Respondent’s Social Support Behavior – Modified (ISSB-M)

The social support questions were adapted from Inventory of Social Support Behavior – Modified (ISSB-M) by Krause and Markides (1990) (see Appendix B:

Questionnaire - Section D: Inventory of Social Support Behavior - Modified), the ISSB-M is a 40 item, eleven sub-scales. The eleven factors are social (1) embeddedness, (2) tangible support received, (3) satisfaction with tangible support received, (4) emotional support received, (5) satisfaction with emotional support received, (6) information support received, (7) satisfaction with information support received, (8) support provided, (9) satisfaction with support provided, (10) negative interaction, and (11) anticipated support. The results of the descriptive analysis for the ISSB-M item are presented in Table 4.6 and Table 4.7.

Table 4.6 The descriptive statistics of ISSB-M scores (N=101)

Indicators Items Mean Std.

Deviation I. Social Embeddedness

DI1ISSB Gone out to visit family. 2.56 .87

DI2ISSB Had family come to visit me. 2.81 .87

DI3ISSB Had contact by phone or letter with my family. 2.40 .84

DI4ISSB Gone out to visit friends. 2.69 .60

DI5ISSB Had friends come to visit me. 2.99 .70

DI6ISSB Had contact by phone or letter with friends. 2.19 .86 Social Embeddedness 2.61

II. Support Received: Tangible Support, Emotional Support, Information Support

II.1 Tangible Support Received

DII1.1ISSB Provided you with some transportation? 2.59 .78 DII1.2ISSB Pitched in to help you do something that needed

to be done, like household chores, yard work or work around the house?

2.53 .76

DII1.3ISSB Helped you with shopping? 2.62 .73

Tangible Support Received 2.58 II.2 Satisfaction with tangible support received

DII2ISSB How would you say you feel with the help

you’ve received? 2.83 .86

II.3 Emotional Support Received

DII3.1ISSB Been right there with you (physically) in a

stressful situation? 2.26 .79

DII3.2ISSB Comforted you by showing you physical affection?

2.40 .81

DII3.3ISSB Listened to you talk about your private feelings?

2.31 .81

DII3.4 ISSB Expressed interested and concern in your

well-being? 2.31 .85

Emotional Support Received 2.32 II.4 Satisfaction with emotional support received

DII4 ISSB How would you say you feel with the help

you’ve received? 2.77 .86

II.5 Information Support Received

DII5.1ISSB Suggested some action you should take to deal

with a problem you were having? 2.41 .651 DII5.2ISSB Given you some information that made a

difficult situation easier to understand? 2.59 .651 DII5.3ISSB Told you what they did in a stressful situation

that was similar to one you were experiencing? 2.51 .730 Information Support Received 2.50

II.6 Satisfaction with information support received

DII6ISSB How would you say you feel with the help

you’ve received? 2.92 .85

II.7 Provided Support

DII7.1ISSB Provided someone with transportation? 2.37 .73 DII7.2 ISSB

Pitched into help someone to be done, like household chores, yard work or work around

the house? 2.47 .66

DII7.3 ISSB Helped someone with their shopping? 2.55 .57 DII7.4 ISSB

Told someone what you did in a stressful situation that was similar to one they were

experiencing? 2.48 .64

DII7.5ISSB

Suggested some action that someone should take in order to deal with a problem they were having?

2.51 .66

DII7.6ISSB Given someone some information that made a difficult situation clearer and easier to understand?

2.52 .72

DII7.7ISSB Comforted someone by showing them physical

affection? 2.51 .76

DII7.8ISSB Listened to someone talk about their private

feelings? 2.37 .70

DII7.9 ISSB Expressed interest and concern in someone’s

well-being? 2.31 .70

DII7.10ISSB Been right there with someone (physically) in a

stressful situation? 2.50 .69

Provided Support 2.46 II.8 Satisfaction with support provided

DII8ISSB How would you say you feel with the help you’ve provided?

2.93 .68 III. Negative Interaction

DIII1ISSB Others made too many demands on you. 2.69 .70 DIII2ISSB Others were critical of you and things you did. 2.90 .59

Note: Adapted from Inventory of Social Support Behavior - Modified by Krause & Markides (1990)

Table 4.7: Summary results of descriptive statistics of ISSB-M scores (N=101)

No. Items Mean

1 Social Embeddedness 2.61

2 Tangible support received 2.58

3 Satisfaction with tangible support received 2.83

4 Emotional support received 2.32

5 Satisfaction with emotional support received 2.77

6 Information support received 2.50

7 Satisfaction with information support received 2.92

8 Provided support 2.46

9 Satisfaction with support provided 2.93

10 Negative interaction 2.86

11 Anticipated support 2.16

Support Received (2) + (4) + (6) 2.47 Satisfaction with support received (3) + (5) + (7) 2.84 Average item score for ISSB-M (1->11) 2.63 DIII3 ISSB Those around you tried to pry into your

personal affairs.

2.96 .72 DIII4 ISSB Others took advantage of you. 3.02 .75 DIII5ISSB Others did things that were thoughtless or

inconsiderate. 2.82 .62

DIII6ISSB Others acted angry or upset with you. 2.78 .57 DIII7 ISSB Others questioned or doubted your decisions. 2.88 .57

Negative Interaction 2.86 IV. Anticipated Support

DIV1ISSB If you were sick in bed, how much could you

count on the people around you to help out? 2.11 .71 DIV2ISSB

If you needed to talk about your problems and private feelings, how much would the people around you be willing to listen?

2.17 .62

DIV3ISSB

If you needed to know where to go to get help with a problem you were having, how much would the people around you be willing to help out?

2.19 .67

Anticipated Support 2.16

The average items score for ISSB-M was 2.63. First, social embeddedness includes 6 items with four choices per items, ranging from more than 6 times a week (1) to not at all (4). The average rating for social embeddedness is 2.61 (item 1). This result shows that respondents often see their friends and relatives in the time period from once or twice a week to three to six times a week under the various forms of contact and/or communication such as visiting, phoning, writing a letter.

Second, support received includes three sub-scales: tangible support (3 items), emotional support (4 items) and informational support (3 items), each sub-scale ranges from very often (1) to never (4). As shown above in Table 4.7, the average items score for each sub-scale is 2.58 (item 2), 2.32 (item 4) and 2.50 (item 6), respectively. The average score for these sub-scales is 2.47, meaning that respondents sometimes have received some support from their friends, neighbors, and relatives such as tangible support (i.e., providing transportation, helping with household, shopping), emotional support (i.e., comforting, listening and personal concern) and information support (providing and sharing information to solve difficult situations).

Third, satisfaction with received support is measured from completely satisfied (1) to not at all satisfied (5). The average rating for each factor scale related to satisfaction with received support was: satisfaction with information support received (item 7: 2.92), satisfaction with tangible support received (item 3: 2.83), satisfaction with emotional support received (item 5: 2.77). In general, according to these results, Vietnamese stock brokers feel somewhat satisfied with the help that they have received;

the average score rating of satisfaction with support received is 2.84.

Similar to support received, support provided includes 10 items, ranging from very often (1) to never (4). The average rating for provided support on this scale is 2.46 (item 8). This means that employees in Vietnamese stock market provide overall support fairly often for other people such as tangible support, emotional support and informational support. Satisfaction with support provided is measure by only one item ranging from completely satisfied (1) to not at all satisfied (5). The average rating for each support provided factor scale is 2.93 (item 9), meaning that Vietnamese stock brokers are satisfied with helping other people.

Next is the factor of negative interaction to measure interpersonal conflict in the past, which includes 7 items, each item ranges from very often (1) to never (4). The average item score for negative interaction is 2.86 (item 10). This result indicates that

the contact Vietnamese stock brokers have with others is not always pleasant. As seen in Table 4.6, employees felt that others took advantage of them once in a while (item DIII4 ISSB, mean 3.02). They also felt that those around them tried to pry into their personal affairs once in a while (item DIII3 ISSB, meant = 2.96). Moreover, others were only critical once in a while toward them and things they did (item DIII2 ISSB; 2.90).

Finally, anticipated support is used to measure how much help respondents’

friends, relative, and neighbors would be willing to give them in the future. Anticipated support includes 3 items, each item ranges from a great deal (1) to not at all (4). The average item score for anticipated support is 2.16 (item 11, Table 4.7), this means that the level of estimated helping for Vietnamese stock brokers that receive from others is only “some”.