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Success, failure and difficulty

在文檔中 English Vocabulary in Use (頁 134-138)

Succeeding

I managed to contact him just before he left his office.

I don't think I can manage the whole walk. I think I'll turn back. [manage, but not succeed, may have a direct object in this meaning]

We succeeded in persuading a lot of people t o join our protest. [in + -ing]

We've achieved/accomplished a great deal in the last three years. [both are used with quantity phrases such as 'a lot'/'a little']

The company has achieved all its goals/aims/targets for this year [achieve is more common than accomplish with nouns expressing goals and ambitions]

D'you think his plan will come off? [succeed; informal]

M a t r i x for some typical collocations with 'succeeding' verbs

A plan or project may falter, even if it finally succeeds. [go through ups and downs]

All your plans and hard worklefforts may come to nothing.

an ambition a dream an agreement an obligation a target a compromise

Difficulty

I have great difficulty in getting up in the morning. I find it difficult t o remember the names of everybody in the class. [hard can be used here; it is more informal]

It's hard/difficult to hear what she's saying.

I often have trouble starting the car on cold mornings.

We've had a lot of bother with the neighbours lately.

Can you cope with three more students? They've just arrived.

I've no money, my girl-friend's left me; I need help; I just can't cope any more.

reach

d d d

verb noun adjective adverb

I

succeed success successful successfully

1

attain d

d

accomplish accomplishment accomplished -

achieve achievement achievable -

attain attainment attainable -

fulfil fulfilment fulfilling -

-

- hard hard

secure

d

realise d d

fulfil d

d

achieve d d

d d

6 5

1 Using the collocation matrix opposite, choose a suitable verb to fill the gap. If the exact word in the sentence is not in the vertical column of the matrix, look for something that is close in meaning.

1 The management have ... an agreement with the union which will guarantee no strikes for the next three years.

2 Now that I've . . . all my responsibilities to my family, I feel I can retire and go round the world.

3 The church building-fund has failed to . . . its target of £250,000.

4 I never thought I would ... my ambition, but now I have.

5 Very few people . . . all their hopes and dreams in life, very few indeed, I can tell you.

6 We hope the two sides ... ... . . a compromise and avoid war.

7 I'm afraid that little scheme of mine didn't ... off.

Fill in the missing word forms where they exist.

verb noun adjective adverb

realise ... ... ...

difficulty ...

... ...

target ... ...

...

... ambition ... ...

fail ... ... ...

... trouble ... ...

6 3

Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1 I find very difficult to understand English idioms.

2 She succeeded to rise to the top in her profession.

3 Do you ever have any trouble to use this photocopier? I always seem to.

4 I've accomplished to work quite hard this last month.

5 I'm amazed that you can cope all the work they give you.

What might happen if

...

I What would you d o if

...

1 a plan misfired? Abandon i t . / Look for an alternative.

2 you were having a lot of bother with your car?

3 a club had only two members left out of fifty?

4 a student faltered in one exam out of six, but did well in all the rest?

5 you started a small business but it came to nothing?

6 you couldn't cope with your English studies?

In what sorts of situations would you hear the following remarks? Check any new wordslphrases if you are not sure.

1 We'll have t o get an au pair. I just can't cope.

2 £5,000 and I've got nothing to show for it!

3 It collapsed, I'm afraid, and he's bankrupt now.

4 Yes, she pulled it off despite the competition.

66 Containers and contents

There are a number of special words in English which are used to describe different kinds of containers. Look at the following pictures.

crate

B @p(Q

glass jar mug

pack packet

Pan Pot sack tin tub

Here is some additional information about each of these types of containers.

r

container usually made of typical contents bag

barrel basin basket bottle bowl box bucket can carton case crate glass jar 1 ug mug pack packet Pan Pot sack tin tub tube

cloth, paper, plastic wood and metal pottery, metal canes, rushes glass, plastic china, glass, wood cardboard, wood metal, plastic tin

card

leather, wood wood, plastic glass

glass, pottery pottery pottery card card, paper metal

metal, pottery cloth, plastic tin

wood, zinc, card soft metal, plastic

sweets, shopping, letters wine, beer

ingredients for making a cake shopping, clothes, waste paper milk, lemonade, wine

fruit, soup, sugar

matches, tools, toys, chocolates sand, water

coca cola, beer

milk, yoghurt, 20 packets of cigarettes jewellery, spectacles

bottles

milk, lemonade, wine

jam, honey, olives, instant coffee milk, cream, water

tea, coffee, cocoa

cards, eight cans of coca cola cigarettes, tea, biscuits, juice, cereal food that is being cooked

food, plant coal, rubbish

peas, baked beans, fruit flowers, rainwater, ice-cream toothpaste, paint, ointment

Try t o complete the blanks in the shopping list without looking at the opposite page.

...

2 of milk

4 . . ... of coke

a a ... ... of condensed milk of chocolate biscuits

I

a ... of cigarettes a large ... of matches a ... of honey

6 . . . o f crisps

I

Try the following quiz about the words o n the opposite page.

1 Which two of the containers listed would you be most likely to find holding flowers in a garden?

2 Which three are you most likely to find in a cellar?

3 Which six would you be likely to find in an off-licence (a shop which sells drink)?

4 Which five would you be most likely t o see on the breakfast table?

5 Which ones does a postman carry with him?

6 Which two are often used for carrying shopping?

7 H o w many cigarettes would you expect to find in ( a ) a carton ( b ) a packet?

Name the containers and their contents.

1 2

4 5 6

Think of three words which are often used with the following containers.

Example: shopping, wastepaper, linen basket

1 ... box 4 . . . jug

2 ... bottle 5 ... .... . . glass

3 ... ... bag 6 ... pot

Look in a kitchen cupboard or a supermarket. Can you name everything that you see there?

You will find more useful vocabulary for this exercise in Unit 43.

在文檔中 English Vocabulary in Use (頁 134-138)