National Sun Yat-sen University Institutional Repository:Item 987654321/30995

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(1) 行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫. 成果報告. 台灣周邊海域混響預估模式之建立(III) 計畫類別：個別型計畫計畫編號： NSC 94－2623－7－110－002 執行期間： 94 年 01 月 01 日至 94 年 12 月 31 日執行單位：國立中山大學海下技術研究所計畫主持人：劉金源共同主持人：陳信宏報告類型：完整報告處理方式：本計畫可公開查詢中. 華. 民. 國. 95 . 年. 4. 月. 25. 日.

(2) ¬Èø\½®0((ï£ÿ PñIII Prediction and Modeling of Reverberation in Ocean Waveguide Near Taiwan (III). ix¹ßÙ Æ»ñ .ì*@~X H»Iº»§I*s"]n.)®Üà Æ§Üè°O×`×^Üè°OèÞ`ëè×^ i_rNSC 94-2623-7-110-002. @~W ×. Üè"Oë`ëè×^.

(3) ê Ï×a @~êÝ`. 1. ÏÞa ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP 2.1 (ÃÍÌF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 (ù . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 «(ù . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 ÷ §¡ÿP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Î®]PÝ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 \&ö° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Õ·&«X®ß(Î . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.4 «ÎÙX®ß( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. OASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3. + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ºÕÿà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E®]° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i. 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 15 15 16 17.

(4) ê. ii. 2.3.4. @jP». . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Ïëa @½Î.@ - Èõ@ 3.1 @2F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Bio-probe T·9¯@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 ITC-6050C ù"¯@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 @ÄS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 £]

(5) §5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Èõ@!H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ï°a 2ÙÿPñ Ï"a Îû[Ý£ 5.1 AST-Sonar Î.IYÙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 8nTà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ï0a ¡È. 22 27 27 29 35 41 44 56 61 67 67 67 70 73.

(6) %ê 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9. Îl(Gr [20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Î®Xï ÕÝib[Y÷ . . . . . . . . . . ®@&«®à¿¢î% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . «÷ ú £b[®{; . . . . . . . . . . ÷ ú á ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ÿP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OASR íá}P¢ó+Û . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OASR íá}P¢ó+Û . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . input.dat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. D ;ó% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 OASR D a% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 OASR (Î>% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13 OASR ) MATLAB XÿW% . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.10 OASR. 3.1. È²õ@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii. 4 5 7 8 8 9 19 20 22 23 24 24 25 28.

(7) %ê. iv. 3.2 3.3 3.4. È²i% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . È²T·Ô55µ% . . . . . . . . . . . . Bio-Probe Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9î% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Bio-Probe 9@î% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 @£]0%a% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Bio-probe µwH% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Ï×g@¯B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Ï×g@@~ù|a]P;Ä Bio-probe [¯ 3.11 00ù|GûÒ;Ä@X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Ï×g@@~ù|5]P;Ä Bio-probe . . . . . 3.13 ITC6050C Ô;¼¯H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14 !iìi¸±Ú'î% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15 r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.16 ²ºr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.17 ITC6050C ù"¯@î% . . . . . . . . . 3.18 0Æ )% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.19 Ô;¼¯HÚ'î% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.20 l0ÆÒ)ý . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5. Bio-Probe. 29 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 36 38 39 39 40 41 42 43 44.

(8) %ê. v. -²` -Îú%î%C1 ÿiÎì%C2 ÿiÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.22 -²`%î%C1 ÿiÎì%C2 ÿ iÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.23 ©¨é`%î%C1 ÿiÎì%C2 ÿiÎ 3.24 11:22:16 0aÆá)î%C1 ¯£]ì%C2 ¯£] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.25 11:36:40 `%î%C1 ¯£]ì%C2 ¯ £] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.26 î%11:46:32 `% C1 ¯£]ì%11:53:59 ` % C1 ¯£] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.27 î%11:46:32 `% C2 ¯£]ì%11:53:59 ` % C2 ¯£] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.28 ` ;ÝËùûÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.29 ÎÙùi ` ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30 @`ð/Î>5¾ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.31 M!? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.32 È?Pa!% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.21. 4.1 4.2 4.3. HCÍXÿaÕ· . . . . . . . ÿPæ2à#?2f´ [5] . . . . . . . . {HCÍXÿaÕ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Goff and Jordan. 45. 46 49. 50. 51. 52. 53 54 55 56 57 58 63 64 65.

(9) %ê. vi. 4.4 5.1. HXÿaÕ·« . . . . . A.U.D.I. AST-Sonar )% . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Pierson and Moskowitz. 65 69.

(10) ê 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4. 9¯@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITC6050C ù"¯@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . r!} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITC-6050C ù"¯@@S . . . . . . . . . . BioProbe. vii. 30 37 40 47.

(11) viii. ê.

(12) Ï×a @~êÝ` Í@~Û3y"D¬È!½®0(xÎûXß( (reverberation) ®Þãy(Û2â8 ÓÝ.ô.hÄ6 DÄ×Ý@~]¾W(ÿPñ|CÎû[Ý£ Íix(ÿPÝ@~Aì 1. § ¡ ó Â ÿ P ñ ãy(x.Õ·&««T ®ß.h´Ä6ñ(Ý§¡ÿPQ¡¢ã¨ * ÝõÎ.8nÝºÕ8O(Î 2. ÿ P ? õ ? x ãy§¡ÿP3@jTàî ºb0-.hÄ6Bã@ÝM»@ñ§¡ÿPÝà P¬®Ê ÝÑÑbn9×]«Ý®ÞÍ@~3Ä×O 9gÝ@½@Qãy@'nvÿ PÝ?Ä63§Ý½ ]ÿÕbLÝJ. hÍ@~^êG c)P°WÿP?4QAhÍ @~Û)Í8nix5Èõ?6Ýêý. ï3Î¼Ý×O |W¬ @? 1.

(13) 2. CHAPTER 1.. @~êÝ`. 2ÿP;DÕ3WÿP?¡ (Îï £Ýx.ôÇÎ«TÕ·«ÝÿP;Õ·«ÝÿP; Ä6¢ã2@?£]A9Î@92?ºÙ ÿP ¢óDÕh×®ÞÍôÎ×Íè5ÓÝ®ÞÍ@~µ ÿP;Ý óÂÿaêG)¹ 4. SRR Î û [ Ý £ 3Wî&4@~¡Ç¢ã¨ @ñ(ÿP¬Õ5GfSingal-Reverberation Ration, SRR6|¿ Îû[Ý£3ÍiC8ni ÝYîìÍ@~2×ÎûÿaÙ® Îû[Ý £ ãyîÏ 2 4Ï 3 4@~KÕ8 Â½Ý®ÞLÍÎ õ?ÝxÍXm7áÝßæÎæGøÄÍiY HÝP.hÍ@~Û¢ã>I 2006–2010O5s"»j×ø .CcJ@~T6i3ÍlX'ñÝ5±Hõ@~T6 ¹ @~ 3.. 1. 1. Íix¹ß3Íix¹5*§

(14) *ñ6¬|ñõ? ´êý.

(15) ÏÞa ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP 3xÎûÙ ãÎûXë ÝÎ®º. &xêý ÎÝ÷ Fê®ß(Ýeÿ¯hË([Tð3®0® ßv«3 ñ¢X®ß/¯[T×ãy([TÎÙ ÝWÑf.hAxÎûÎÙ´úJ(XCWÝeÿ ¯ø÷(¯§×ÝÎûÝE®ûÒhËµ×Ë® ßJ¡Î¦úÎÙT3#[´KPÃy;ÎûÝE® [hÛÌ å×y(ÎûÙ (reverberation-limited sonar system) õ®0((EyÎû[Å(¹G3E ®î¼ª±ÍÅ(ãy(0.y&xêýÎõ\& [T÷ Fê.hÍ3Æî´Ä6EyÃÍ÷ § ¡bXÝÍiÆGËOS (÷ ÃÍ§¡Í ×Þ¯1ï)óÂºÕ8 OASES (Ocean Acoustics and Seismic Exploration Synthesis)M@a¬Èø\½( §¡ÿP 1. 1. ãyÍOÛÏëO JRÍ ×I5ZCÛãG× × 3.

(16) 4. 2.1. CHAPTER 2.. (ÃÍÌF. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. 3õ(CW(Ý.ô5WËvÍ×Ì ( (volume reverberation)¨×vÌ «( (surface reverberation)(xÎ¼iÝ&xêýÎXCWÝ/ ¯[T»A3^?ieNXCWÝ/¯[T«( xÎãyõ&«À«XCWÝ/¯®àÎlÝ (GrA% 2.1 Xî [20]. % 2.1: Îl(Gr [20]. (4&ãixêýÎX0l¬Î

(17) §Ä

(18) §êýÎ 8«.hÕ(Ý]°Õêýúv« [22] σt B02   TS = 10 log 2d 4πrref t   σ  , dB//rref ≡ 10 log  2 4πrref . . (2.1). îPσ Ì 5Y÷ ^« (differential back-scattering cross section)ÍL σ ≡ σt. B02 dt. (2.2).

(19) 2.1.. (ÃÍÌF. 5. («(2P.0íãP (2.1) W!`ìZÞ "DCW(x.ô (ù 3iÎ®ÂÕP²8!Ý²²»Aõb^ (marine organism)â3i¼#x (thermal microstructure) Þ®ß÷ WÎû/¯ib[Y÷ A% 2.2 X î 2.1.1. % 2.2: Î®Xï ÕÝib[Y÷ . 3Ê5 Ýµì(êýúî mv r2 Ωe cτ   + 10 log , dB//1 m TSv = 10 log 4π 2 !. . . (2.3). îP\Ï×4 Y÷ úù (volume back-scattering strength level)h4ÛãõXâ÷ óÝ9>XXÏÞ4Ì Y÷ ù (back-scattering volume level)h4ãÎûÙP ²XXÍ m îY÷ úr 5'ûÒΩ ®@ [ñc Î>τ ´ v. e.

(20) 6. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. CHAPTER 2.. uÊ5 ®0(uSà«;J3i¿]' XÝ=)¢% 2.2*ÞãæÝ rφ ; Rφ 3kà ]'JãæÝ rθ ; D Ì b[÷ { (effective scattering height)Þ9°PáP (2.3) ÿ5 ®0( êýú e. e. e. e. Rφe De cτ mv + 10 log , dB//1 m TSv = 10 log 4π 2. (2.4). RLv = SL(0) − 2TL + TSv. (2.5). !. !. A!Ê(¯×ã(XCWÝ/¯Ú E*rÝ ×ËWQ(¯(3P²îQbÝ!u| xÎûÌFÚJ3Îû

(21) (ù (volume Reverberation Level, RL ) v. «(ù «ÛCW®0Fê«(Ý.ôLÍÎ«( Ey«ùwÎûE®b¥ÝÅ(ãy«í Õ·«.hÎ®ÂÕË&«¡º®ß÷ ÷ I ÞF /ÎûCW(th²ÒV«×Î/Ýi.âb9 ¼.hùCW(Ý.ô×4Q¼X®ßÝ(T (¬ÎãyH#«|lp|«( 5.h× ÞÍ[T«(×R (8«uÊ5 Ýµì®@&«#ÇÝ µA% 2.3 Xî h`«(êýÎ÷ ú . 2.1.2. ms TSs = 10 log + 2π !.    . . rφe cτ 10 log 2 cos θ0 , 2    10 log r Ωe , sin θ0. cτ 2. <. rθe tan θ0. cτ 2. >. rθe tan θ0. (2.6).

(22) 2.1.. (ÃÍÌF. 7. % 2.3: ®@&«®à¿¢î%. îP«Ï×4 «Y÷ úù (surface back-scattering strength level)ÏÞ4 Y÷ «ù (back-scattering surface level) ÏÞ4Ï×PÊàyi¿'ÎûÏÞPÊykà'Î ûÍ m î&«÷ úφ Ω 5½ÎÎ@3i¿]'Ý [ù|C[ñùÂÿ¥Ý\Ï×45P5Ò 2π & 4πhÛ. Î®Ey&«Ý÷ ©Íè Ê5 ¨éÈyi¿'ÎûùÇ®@Ð) < `J r θ 5½| Ri¿FûC θ ®@3&«Ý `ãÇ.h«(êýú s. cτ 2. rθe tan θ0. e. 0. e. s. Rφe cτ ms + 10 log TSs = 10 log 2π 2 cos θs !. !. (2.7). Eykà'Îû5 ¨é¬Î¥.hP (2.6) ÏÞ P)Qb[ % 2.4 % 2.5 5½ «÷ ú γ = f h sin θ ;C ÷ ú á ` θ Ý;h b[®{ (significant wave height)γ à«Õ·8Ey£Ý¢óË%èº «Y÷ úÂ SBSS.

(23) 8. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. % 2.4: «÷ ú £b[®{;. % 2.5: ÷ ú á ;.

(24) 2.2.. 2.2. ÷ §¡ÿP. 9. ÷ §¡ÿP. Í@~|"DÌÕ·&«õ®0X®ßÝ( x.h iÆÏ×O"DÕ·«÷ 8n®ÞÍ| Kuperman and Schmidt [9] C Liu, Schmidt, and Kuperman [11, 10] Xs"§¡ÿ P ¥FÍ@~Ç|9°§¡ÿP® ¡£]5xµA ãZ¤ÿáKueprman and Schmidt [9] Xs"bni¿5·+² Õ·&«÷ §¡Í(ÿPA% 2.6 Xî§¡¢ã Mö]° (small amplitude perturbation method)x×]óÂºÕÿP|¿y"Dõè®Î®Fê (propagation) ÷ (scattering)( (reverberation) Ý®Þ. % 2.6: (ÿP. Xs"ÝÿPGÊàFÎÙÝ®Þ ¡Liu, Schmidt, and Kuperman [11, 10] ÞÿP;¨|"D =ÎÙÝÿP¬¢;¨ÿP"Dõ«¯3õ(÷ Kueprman and Schmidt [9].

(25) 10. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. (Ý®ÞÍ@~Þ[ãZ¤¥¼1h®Þ. Î®]PÝ ¢ãm¿fÎ5 (Fourier decomposition) Ý]P3i¿· ;Ý( ω >+]P (Helmholtz equation) Ý| îW 2.2.1. 1 Z 2 −j(k·r−ωt) − αi z d ke [χe i (k)e−αi z + χe + ], χi (r, z, t) = i (k)e 2π. (2.8). îPχ Ï i ·Î®ÝT (displacement potential) α α = k − K Ík = |k| i¿®ó (horizontal wavenumber) K = ω/c +²®ó3ø+²χ îDæ ® (compressional wave) T3ÄP+² (elastic medium) χ ëË®ÝT5½ÎDæ® φ(t, r, z)kàÁ; æ® (vertically-polarized shear wave) ψ(t, r, z)|Ci¿Á;æ® (horizontally-polarized shear wave) Λ(t, r, z) P (2.8) XÓ¨ÝPÛÎîÞÎ®5WîF® (up-going wave) ìF® (down-going wave)ÍM»5½ χ (k) χ (k)9 °M»ÛÎ| k ¢óÝÎ;ó¢ãÎ®3\&îXÄ6Ð)Ý Î§fÀDæÉ=Ìß|xOÎáM»ÝaP Ù¬|5ºÕ B îW i q. i. 2. i. i. 2 i. i. i. i. e+ i. e− i. i. f e∓ B i (k)χ i;i+1 (k) = 0, i = 1, 2, ..., N − 1,. (2.9). îPN î+²Ý·óÀîìPM+² χ âÏ i ·Ï i + 1 ÎáM»Ý' i;i+1.

(26) 2.2.. ÷ §¡ÿP. 11. \&ö° EyÌbÕ·|CÕ·« 8Ey®WÝ Õ·&«P (2.9) ¢ãö]°T"PBÄ.0 ÿÑÑ¡Ý\&fAì. 2.2.2. Bi∗ (χi;i+1 ) = Bi (χi;i+1 ) + γ 0 ◦ bi (χi;i+1 ),. (2.10). îPγ(r) ë¿íÝÕ·&«Ðó γ Õ·«ÝVÐó (gradient)ºÕ b ÛÎ. 2ý»ðÿÍÛ«I»Ý Ðr ◦ /T²ãXy&«X5+²ÝP²P (2.10) ÝÑ@P O(γ) #½ÞÀÎ5W¿í (mean field) hχ i C÷ (scattered field) s ùÇ 0. i. i. i. χi = hχi i + si. (2.11). îP÷ TÕ· γ 8!M¿àö]° |.0OÿO¿í÷ XmÐ)ÝaPÙ]PÞ Ý.0¢ Kuperman and Schmidt æ¡Z [9]O¿íÝ \&f .  .  hγ 2 i ∂ 2 f f B (k) + I (k) + I (k) hχe ∓ B (k) + i 1 2 i;i+1 (k)i = 0,  i  2 2 ∂z. (2.12). îP÷ ºÕ I (k) I (k) 5½LAì 1. 2. f hγ 2 i Z 2 ∂B i (q) I1 (k) = − d qPb (q − k) 2π ∂z   f ∂ B (k) i f−1  − j(q − k) ◦ ˜bi (k) , ×B i (q) ∂z hγ 2 i Z 2 I2 (k) = − d qPb (q − k)j(q − k) ◦ ˜bi (k) 2π. (2.13).

(27) 12. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP . . f ∂B i (k) f−1  − j(q − k) ◦ ˜bi (k) . ×Bi (q) ∂z. (2.14). ¨×]«O÷ Ý\&f f B si;i+1 (q) i (q)˜. 1 Z 2 = − d k˜ γ (q − k) 2π   f ∂ B (k) i × − j(q − k) ◦ ˜bi (k) hχe ∓ i;i+1 (k)i.(2.15) ∂z. î]Phχ i s˜ 5½îÏ i i + 1 ¿í÷ ¿«®5ÝM» P (q) Õ·&«H (power spectrum) ÍLAì e∓ i;i+1. i;i+1. b. hγ 2 iPb (q) =. 1 Z 2 d rb N (rb )ejq·rb 2π. (2.16). PN (r ) = hγ(r )γ(r )i ÛÎÕ·«è nÐÐó (correlation function)vGËÍ#[F8EHbnEHPn ùÇr = r − r b. b. 0 b. b. b. 0 b. Õ·&«X®ß(Î 3ö§¡ÝÚxì(Î¢ãP (2.15) OÿQ3óÂº ÕîQÎ8 ð`3Í;Þ|¨×]P.0Õ(Î Ýb[ÿP ¢ãm¿f5ÝÌFÌß|Þ÷ îWì5P 2.2.3. 1 si (r, z; rs , zs ) = − (2π)2. Z Z. d2 qd2 k γ˜ (q − k)ei (z, q)A(q, z, k)e−jq·(r−rs ) (2.17). îPÎp A ì]PÝ f B i (q)A(q, z, k) =.  f  ∂B i (k)  ∂z.  . − j(q − k) ◦ ˜bi (k) hχe ∓ i;i+1 (k)i.. (2.18).

(28) 2.2.. ÷ §¡ÿP. 13. e (z, q) ÛÎ×âbkà5ÝEÎpùÇ i. ei (z, q) = diag[e−αi z , eαi z ].. (2.19). #½¢ãóðp = q − k]P (2.17) îW 1 si (r, z; rs , zs ) = − (2π)2. Z. d2 p γ˜ (p)I(p, z, r)e−jp·(r−rs ). (2.20). d2 kei (z, p + k)A(p + k, z, k)e−jk·(r−rs ). (2.21). îP. I(p, z, r) =. Z. ¢ã]P (2.20)(Îè nÐÐó|îW hsi (r1 , z1 ; rs , zs )s∗i (r2 , z2 ; rs , zs )i = hγ 2 i Z 2 d pPb (p)I(p, z1 , r1 )I ∗ (p, z2 , r2 )e−jp·(r1 −r2 ) 3 (2π). (2.22). îP.0ÄÌß¿àÝìP². h˜ γ (p1 )˜ γ ∗ (p2 )i = 2πhγ 2 iPb (p1 )δ(p1 − p2 ). (2.23). Âÿ¥Ý]P (2.22) :«0îÝ5PQãy5/ IÝËÍ5P²8!Ý5PGb#[FÝ!. hJÍ5!°îÝ5hÛxWbÕ(ÎÝ¥ .ô «ÎÙX®ß( ãy«WÛÎõ(¥ÝÎÙ.hÍ;ùÞ ÝWÕ«ÎÙXCW(Ý8nÿP 2.2.4.

(29) 14. CHAPTER 2.. À¯è nÐÐó|îW. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. Cωt (r1 , r2 , z1 , z2 ) = hχi (r1 , z1 )χ∗i (r2 , z2 )i ∗. = h(hχi i(r1 , z1 ) + si (r1 , z1 ))(hχi i (r2 , z2 ) + si ∗ (r2 , z2 ))i ∗. = hhχi i(r1 , z1 )hχi i (r2 , z2 )i +hsi (r1 , z1 )si ∗ (r2 , z2 )i,. (2.24). îPÐr (··) îE«XbÎÙ5]P (2.24) Ï ×4ÏÞ45½î¿í÷ ø!8nÐó¨²Âÿ ¥Ý¿í÷ ¶À¿í ëhÛ. ë¿í ^ ÎÙ'h¢ãP (2.25) CìP.0ÿ 1 hχi i(r, z) = 2π. Z Z. −jp·(r−rs ) d2 rs d2 p Sω (rs )ei (z, p)hχe ∓ i;i+1 (p)ie. .0 ^=ÎÙX®ßÝ(.0FÎÙ(Î8« °.ÎÙ PM.hÄ6Bã5Oÿ si (r, z) = −. 1 (2π)2. Z Z. d2 rs d2 p Sω (rs )˜ γ (p)I(p, z, r)e−jp·(r−rs ). (2.25). (Îè nÐÐó 1 Z Z Z Z 2 0 2 00 2 d rs d rs d p1 d2 p2 hsi (r1 , z1 )si (r2 , z2 )i = 4 (2π) ×hSω (r0s )Sω (r00s )˜ γ (p1 )˜ γ (p2 )i ∗. ×I(p1 , z1 , r1 )I ∗ (p2 , z2 , r2 ) 0. 00. ×e−jp1 ·(r1 −rs ) ejp2 ·(r2 −rs ) .. (2.26). îP.0ÄÛ' ^ÎÙÕ·« ^©P!8 ¢ã ×M.0]P (2.26) |;WìÿP ∗. hsi (r1 , z1 )si (r2 , z2 )i = hγ. 2. ihSω2 i. Z Z. d2 pd2 kPs (p + k)Pb (p).

(30) 2.3. OASES. 15. ×A(p + k, z1 , k)A∗ (p + k, z2 , k) ×e−jk·r. îPr = r. (2.27). hS i P (k) 5½«¯Ùí]ú (mean-square strength) CÕ·«H t¡¢ãó»ðq = p + kÀÎè nÐÐó 1. 2 ω. − r2. Cωt (¯r, z1 , z2 ) = hSω2 i . Z 2. d2 qPs (q). × hγ i +. 2.3. b. Z. d2 k[Pb (q − k)A(q, z1 , k) A∗ (q, z2 , k)]. 2πei (z1 , q)e∗i (z2 , q)|hχe i (q)i|2. o. e−j¯r·q .. (2.28). OASES. Í@~tÝ|GZX+Û§¡ÿP Ã²ùS ×óÂ Õ8 OASES)§¡óÂºÕJÿaõ(Î ¡ZÞ+ÛhºÕ8 2.3.1. +. MIT ^_Cõ

(31) >0 Henrik Schmidt XsÎ.Õ8 xºài¿·; (horizontal stratification) ÃFÿaË@ õ(¬ºà®ó5° (wavenumber integration) )Îpº Õ* (Direct Global Matrix)ÿai¿·;®0(èÎFê [15, 16, 7] OASES G SAFARI (Seismo-Acoustic Fast filed Algorithm for OASES (Ocean Acoustics and Seismic Exploration Synthesis).

(32) 16. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. Henrik Schmidt \Xs ºÕ8 SAFARI !

(33) 3y OASES 3óÂºÕî?b[£ v¥±LºÕîÎpP¸ÿæy SAFARI P°Þ@ ÕÝ¿Ë´ÁÐÝ(¨ã OASES ÞãÕW¸àî OASES 'ì8y SAFARI¸à]°¢óíá}P SAFARI E®W¬PÞl [17]vf SAFARI TàP?Â 8{mOî×Íßé\Blé\íH}Ä6 º®y UNIX ¿¬î× Microsoft Windows Ý®¼Ù¬ ÊàHÄ8n¢ó'¢ïZ¤ [18] Range-Independent environments). 2.3.2. ºÕÿà. Î®3!õiì(D 5 Fê(¨é P¡Î@î§¡îTóÂÿaî×àKÎiÎ."DÝ¥ FOASES -Îÿa&ËÎ.¨é¬|ÿàÝ]Pº¸àï¸à »AD ;óÿàûÒ8nFíªÿà÷ (ÿàì OASES ðàÿà D ;óÿàh ÿààyÕiÎ®á !+²D ªÄÝ SAFARI-FIPR ÿà8!Î§¡5îðàÿà× • OAST (OASES Transmission Loss Module) Fíªÿàhÿ àày'i¿]'(¢óí®0(»Ai¿] 'iÎ>Ûí ðóÕiÎ®FêÄ ªÄÝ SAFARI-FIP ÿà8!. • OASR (OASES Reflection Coefficient Module).

(34) 2.3. OASES. 17. • RDOAST (OASES Range-dependent Transmission Loss Module). ûÒ8µFíªÿàhÿà OAST 8«¬;¨ Tà yi¿]'(¢ó;iì( • OASN (Noise, Covariance Matrices and Signal Replicas) hÿàà yÿaëîiWpC2¯p?«¯Cn\Î¯Gr X®ßèÎ.hhÿà×à¼ÿaipX? «X®ß¯ÝFêÄ • OASS (OASES Scattering and Reverberation Module) ÷ ( ÿàhÿà OAST ;Ìùâ OASN ¿4 àyÕÞî®0()×îÕ·&«(ÎºÕ 0%%í OAST 8«h²hÿàô5 Ë5Y × ÷ àyÕ¿«Î®á Õ·&«X®ß÷ ú × OASR ×R¸à¨× (àyÕ©®0 (Îè 8nPT¿í÷ Ä6) OAST ¸à OASES $b°ÿà»A OASP (2-D Wideband Transfer Functions)RDOASP (2-D Range-dependent Transfer Functions)OASP3D (3-D Wideband Transfer Functions)OASI (Environmental Inversion)OASM (Matched Field Processing Module)OASSP (2-D Waveguide Reverberation Realizations) Tày&Ë©(ó§ÕîTà·« ýh|³káÞ;¢åZ¤ [18] E®]° E®î¼1©mµï OASES 1ZXèº}Pµ íákÿaiì(&4¢ó| *.dat lPDj»A. 2.3.3.

(35) 18. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. ÇÆºÕ3h|tð¸àÝ OASR ÿà »íá }PA% 2.72.8 Xî ã%áOASES XmÝ¢óíá}P| sÝ]P 5 ¼3h»5 Ü s& sXLAìX • s 1 íáBPZC gºÕú(T+ÛXí áZCÞyÿa¡ÿW%î • s 2 'Ç'k ºÕC0%íá] P|zZCÒ x»A N Õ&ÿàkàTæ8n ÂA OASR D ªC Õ0%%A % 2.11Z 0%(Î>%ÍõÞ1¢åZ ¤ [18] • s 3 iì(¢ó3h|Þ5·

(36) §Ý]Pÿa õ(Ï×ÍóCk5·óêì×J &· Î§¢óã¼µ ·Dæ®Î>æ®Î >Dæ®ªæ®ª+²ÛÕ·&«]íqÂC 8nµhv.íá&·¢ó • s 4 £ãøã¼°ÍóCµ £ãøì §î§ãøÍó£¦Í£¦ Õ±¡ 0%`¶h âã&£XÕÝÂ • s 5 á ãøã¼°ÍóCµ á ãø ì§î§ãøÍóá ¦á ¦L s 4 £¦8! • s 6 0%%` x Î§P°óCu x input.dat.

(37) 2.3. OASES. 19. % 2.7: OASR íá}P¢ó+Û.

(38) 20. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. % 2.8: OASR íá}P¢ó+Û.

(39) 2.3. OASES. 21. Jµ ¼\&\&2ýF â • s 7 0%%` y Î§P°óCu y £Jµ £¼\&\&2ýF â • s 8 'D ªa%uy s 2 'b C Ä6íáh s/óÂa%mëè×Í¢óã¼ µ x Î§¼\&\&2ýF ây Î§ì\&î\&2ýF â aì§î§ â • s 9 'Î>%uy s 2 'b Z Ä6íáh s/óÂÎ>%%mËâÍ¢óã¼µ x Î>¼\&\&2ýF ây ì\&î\&2ýF â µ OASR ¢ó'}PXµh}PíáDW input.dat&ÿ à(ÌÇ Í¼(Ì»Ak D ªÿaJµì¼í á > oasr input. ºÕ±¡Æì¼0% à%) > cplot input (%) > mplot input (.

(40) 22. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP. Íõ&ÿà¢óíálî OASR }P!² Þ1¢å [18] OASES. @jP» ãGZá OASES E®+«|(¢ó%¢ó x¬ mÃÝÄ.hÄ3.@~îOASES ô6¥ 3h-| Stoll and Kan [19] 1981 Oy JASA XsÝ¡Z| OASR XºÕÝ¿ùD ª% »1 ´ÞXm¢óíá¬DW input.datA% 2.9 Xî Í. 2.3.4. % 2.9: input.dat. ¢ó'Eï% 2.72.8 áÍLãhájnkÕD ª (N)a% (C)Î>5¾% (Z)0%îÞºb Sand. Stoll and Kan 81. 1ZCPÞ(5 Ë·&«' 0ãø£ã 10 Hz - 100 kHzã 17 FNâ 4 F®ß× ù%.hb 10 Hz100 Hz1 kHz10 kHz100 kHz "ù% á 0 - 90 5v 181 FÕX®ß% D ;ó.

(41) 2.3. OASES. 23. %D ªa%(Î>%%8nù'% 2.102.112.12 Eï P´ ©ÝI Ï"ã OASES ¸àW [18] á Dæ®æ®Î>í Â`·+² 9J+² (Porous Media)Ä6yì×î9J+²8n¢ó»A+²Ä Pÿó (bulk modulus)Jh (pore size factor) ¢ó.hÏ0 - 9°¢óÞ1¢å OASES ¸àW. % 2.10: OASR D ;ó%. X®ß%í ´×%Í0%XµAó Aí;D3 *.plt j»Aî»BÄ oasr ºÕÄ¡-ÿÕ input.plt .hÞ plt jVá MATLAB-0´Þ[v]-fE% A% 2.13 Xî% 2.102.112.12 !8f´ OASES.

(42) 24. CHAPTER 2.. % 2.11: OASR D a%. % 2.12: OASR (Î>%. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP.

(43) 2.3. OASES. 25. % 2.13: OASR ) MATLAB XÿW%.

(44) 26. CHAPTER 2.. ÷ §¡óÂºÕÿP.

(45) Ïëa @½Î.@ - Èõ@ b[ï£@½(ÎÿP|¾WÎû[Ý£t§¡ ÃóÂºÕÿPñ²)6 @½?@§¡Ã CóÂºÕEï|@1§¡óÂºÕÿPPbey hÍ@~O/y!Èõ@ ËgiÎ¯ @@êÝ ãÿ

(46) ÝeÿiÎ£]|C"Dyc (EyÎ¯FêÅ(@ÎÙ2àÉùø¯5½| BPiìi¸± Bio-Probe íìi¸± ITC-6050C | Bio-Probe X @yOW8n£]í3ÍÏÞO n ×ÍOn ×Þ| ITC-6050C X @ x¬ Ä@8!fE 3.1. @2F. .õI.oÛÈ½{.) Ý²FQf èº×Í@~) *y&Ëõ¨éÁ·(¢ã 2¿-Í@~¡Þè5Èõ@½6HxÎ 27.

(47) 28. CHAPTER 3.. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. ¼ÞjEÈ² ½ {ÞÝ2?9²ãøiìö Å(¯?é£][/¬ ÃiìÎ.@ ÀÎ®Fê(@2ÎP²DÕ|-¡ ½ (P²@M!© ½ñõ@½P¬a¡ 8n H¸ ½W FQ@.hÍ@~@½Î ?Ëg@2Fí|h*½ x2CÎAA% 3.1 X î. % 3.1: È²õ@. ãy2¿- .IoÝ&Í@~Ä3½. Ä9g!êÝÝõ@.xÝ&9(£]A! ;Ýp£]92Ý£]T·Ô5Ý5µÈ ½iT·Ô55½A% 3.23.3 Xî9°£]yÍ@~¡. Î5îí ¥Ý¢óAÍ@~A!;Ýá ;!ÝiÎ5µíbÃy óA5Õ.h Î¼ÇÞxÈõ@ÞbÃyÎ¼ @½(Î.

(48) 3.2.. BIO-PROBE. T·9¯@. 29. 8n@. % 3.2: È²i%. % 3.3: È²T·Ô55µ% 3.2. Bio-probe. T·9¯@. Í@Îã»ñ .ì*@~X-%º¼ñ. (University of Washington in Seattle) APL (Applied Physics Laboratory). £õ.ê}ÿ (Dr. Dajun Tang) G¼¼0¬ÜÃ@ 'CÈ®Í@x|Áyi½Î¯FêC(¯?.

(49) 30. CHAPTER 3.. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. x@X|È½ x¬¤gê}ÿ÷ñBPiìi¸ ± (Bio-Probe Receiver)A% 3.4 Xî| Bio-Probe BPiìi ¸±® ¯#[Ð9yT·[¯¬|@®¼ùwrÍ ñX®ß¼CS[XsÎ® ÎÙxêÝ "D3 yc?²(Î¯Fêµ@ Ý!`Í? A?ÂáùS@`Ý(¢ó|® ¡5@ ~à@X¸àÝ A 3.2. % 3.4: Bio-Probe Receiver 3.1: BioProbe 9¯@ ¸à (Ì Tà BPiìi¸± Bio-Acoustic Probe iÎ£]B ? ( Depth Sounder ) EK500 @ i? Âá ( CTD ) ÂáÎ>S ÏÙ ( GPS ) ùwiW . @ºÞBPiìi¸±|9Ý]Püyî]Ë{.

(50) 3.2.. BIO-PROBE. T·9¯@. 31.

(51) ÝHîA% 3.5¬ýBF2ý O¡ãr| 2ý O æFy@i½º¿kà*aÝ]' 300 m ¼ ÝûÒF ABCD2ýA% 3.6@@µ Bio-Probe µwA% 3.8 Xî@ùwÍÝñ¯CÍ` X®ßÝ¼íºÅ(Î¯Fê. ¼ãi9i«ºW¼ ®ßt[Tê.¼ÍD3Ý ¹ (Damping)¸ÿÎ¯P °Fê Bio-Probe¿àhæ§|5ï ùw3º`Ý] 'Þ@£]f´Gê}ÿy Florida Äv«Ý@|f´ [?]Bãh@¡!(©P¡Þ¼|3È²ñ õÎ.@|-¡@~s". % 3.5:. Bio-Probe. 9î%. Xÿ@óAB0%` -Îú%C| FFT 0%` -£% Ì`%¡BEï ùXÝB)¢å% 3.9*¡|µ ¯f´¡s¨ÏµlÐ)3% 3.10 3V 870 JðÕ.

(52) 32. CHAPTER 3.. % 3.6:. Bio-Probe. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. 9@î%.

(53) 3.2.. BIO-PROBE. T·9¯@. % 3.7: @£]0%a%. % 3.8: Bio-probe µwH%. 33.

(54) 34. CHAPTER 3.. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. ` V 15:21:22`b×´ Ý¯3f´`% S¡|.¡ @~ùÏ×g;Ä[¯ %ôÄG XÝ¼i[TCW`%3ù ]'îÎúª±Q 3% 3.10 |:;Ä` FÝ¼Ë\Ý%lÓËÌ Ï.¡ùw3º½aÉ`ùw. ¯ÝFêãyþz iC;ÝÅ(X|#[ÕÝGrB

(55) §¡3`%îºÓ ËÌÏ GPS. % 3.9: Ï×g@¯B. ¨²´Âÿ¥Ý`%A% 3.11h` Bio-probe ÝS` V 1450 JðÕ GPS ` V 15:31:02%î

(56) Ë\b×Ý =Ï%ãyh

(57) XBÄ0ùÎÙòyGûÒÝ±¯X| ´ûÒBÄÝùwbX!#[ÝÝGr;`´òÓ¨´.

(58) 3.3. ITC-6050C. ù"¯@. 35. % 3.10: Ï×g@@~ù|a]P;Ä Bio-probe [¯. Ý=ê. X;Ä lùwXsÝÎ(ù´ ± Fê´|÷ ´0lBã5¡|ÿ×´ Ý % f´ùw|5]'ã C FÕ D F ùwyiý

(59) ê F O `Bio-Probe |2[ÕùwÝÎ¬Î ùw;Ä[ ¯ ¡X5ÿÕÝ£]a%XÿÝ£]b½Ý-² 3 Bio-probe ` VÏ 1800 JðÕ GPS ` V 15:36:50`ã % 3.12|:Õ3ùw;Ä[¯ ¡XÿÝ£]¬^b¢Ý EÌ¨é 3.3. ITC-6050C. ù"¯@. Í@ãì*@~XÙr*W*ë>0!.

(60) 36. CHAPTER 3.. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. % 3.11: 00ù|GûÒ;Ä@X. % 3.12: Ï×g@@~ù|5]P;Ä Bio-probe.

(61) 3.3. ITC-6050C. ù"¯@. 37. ¼0ÜÃ@'¨¼ì@êÝ|?Áy?²ci ½Î¯FêÝ¨é@ ½(¯ xG@!Ý ÎÍ@X¸àÝ |9;¼¯Ù=#ËY ITC-6050CA% 3.13¬5½Ú'y!|ìÌý

(62) iìi¸± Channel1 Ì C1´

(63) iìi¸± Channel2Ì C2C1 |¹6/ ¥&à#"yù÷îC2 J|ù!üyî×2M

(64) Ú ']PA% 3.14¬|Ë¸lùw @¡ùrèºÎ ÎÙ²l!}A% 3.15 3.3 XîìZÌ ÎÙù¡ ù²ºrJ® ¯HÚ'ùyFì! ¯²lA% 3.16 XîìZÌ ¯ù@X¸à A 3.3Þ9;¼ ¯Ùüy¯ù¬|ÎÙùÍñù X®ß ¼S[XsÎ® ÎÙxêÝ "D3yc?² (Î¯Fêµ|ËYiìi¸±¯ÌDh×(ìi Îy!Fê¨é ãh ¯Ù5¯. Ý!`Ú'yÎÙùîÝ? A?ÂáùS @`Ý(¢ó!`Ë¸ùîÝ GPS Kº¹SËùH 3.2: ITC6050C ù"¯@ ¸à lr ¸à 9;¼¯Ù à NI Ù iÎ£]B¿¬ iìi¸± ITC-6050C #[iÎ£] é éo Pilot PL3-12 éÙºT ? ( Depth Sounder ) EK500 i? Âá ( CTD ) ÂáÎ>S ÏÙ ( GPS ) ùwiW . @´ãÎÙùã¨ýBFÎÙùý¯.

(65) 38. CHAPTER 3.. % 3.13:. ITC6050C. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. Ô;¼¯H.

(66) 3.3. ITC-6050C. ù"¯@. % 3.14: !iìi¸±Ú'î%. % 3.15: r. 39.

(67) 40. CHAPTER 3.. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. 3.3: r!} ¡ù(Ì Ù×_r CT 3-005310 Àó 36.94 ó 11.08 ù 16.46 2M x^Ëv 0_Xz´^ 435hp t{> 12.9kts x^3>f 2.9. % 3.16: ²ºr.

(68) 3.3. ITC-6050C. ù"¯@. 41. F O ¡¯ùÉF O ÎÙùýB?aÝF ABCD&FHA% 3.17 XîÞ9;¼¯ÙÚ'y ¯ùîË¸ùS[?^¡¯ùy O FS¨ 30 5ÖÝ(¯¯ ©b GPS Ùî¹º®(¯¯ W¡#½ÎÙù^´f?a| AB ËF¼/º½½a¿ *aÉèº"f¿*a?a£]¬v;S[»>|è º!»>ìÝÎ¯Fê£]|ÌDyvi(ì.. !»>ìÍ®ßÝñ¯|C!É>ìXCW ¼¯Ý-²3@¿*aÝ?a¡y CD ËF Ý ?aîÉ!øèº"f?a!»>ìùø ®ß¼ ñX®ß¯h?aiÓcX;.hôÌDiÎ3c õ(Fê©P. % 3.17: ITC6050C ù"¯@î%. @ÄS @ùwy 10:20 {.)Ï×) sG?È²@ ãn @ÎÙù´ÉG| Bio-Probe Æ9¯ 3.3.1.

(69) 42. CHAPTER 3.. @½Î.@ - Èõ@. @ÝH'*. i 4.5 m

(70) |h

(71) F OF GPS H B 173 27 5 2 JZ 25 26 5 42.16 JA% 3.17W¡¯ùÉæF O Ú'¯Ùi«i ìi¸± C1 |ûi« 2.5 m "9iìi¸± C2 J|ù! üyî 1 m

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