美國對中共的非商業性技術轉移

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(6) ~~lIM!Il. ~.. ~.oo.. w::. (Pressurized Water Reactor, PWR) 0. -. el$l"I<~.'HtI$l~~~1$:lR~~~. c>. 111<. I<lIImK1l-:fl(~~~SHW~fJJ~l~ .. ~{W1l-:fl(~~i\lH~~~~t.ii.~~W;~~ .; W<41~ 11000~N~5i; .. ~1a'~1<~~~H~. tE*K+~:!I1Kl~~~+<-!E~ ~ !1~ill~ll-E[]~.J<.@J~~~~, ~Itffil~~.~~., ~Mi~~' ~w.a~ii~~~~$'~.,*~~" ~. (SSN). (~1 ~~. .. 0. 1 ~\§ "1H~l<llm~$Ii§· .. ~~~tr:fl(~~,*~.~~~~+<~~. ~ .wW.1R}§":#l~~~.~.11·· ,-j~Jiml~*~;;t.~~= +< .. *~~~ "'I<~~.~.'*~~~1l-:fl(~-E [] .. ~~~IP(~~~~~.i~~.~ . ~~~~~-K~1l$o ~ ~$IIiI~~~ .. ~1l ~+<~~.~$lIM~~~~ .. ~~+<~H~~~,*~cg-E[]~~"~~M~~.~~~~"~~1l-~+<~~~,*~~-E[]~~~ o.w• •~\§ .. ~~~~~~~(PWR)~~~~~~~:!I1K~~~~~~.~.J< .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. ~ ~~~~~lIM~~.~~~~~.~+< .. el$l~*~m~~ .. *:fl(~~~~~.~~.~~~~~~~~~ ~~.~~~~.~ 1~~11~f-~) '*~~~~ (SSBN) (~1 ~~ 1 ~< 1~f-~) .. ~~~~lE+K~~~ @) ~~ ~. .. el$l:JnK~~~~~$\§~~~~~ .. ~~,!l!~I1~~M~.@J~··. ~~~~~Ia'~~~~~~~~"~~~~~1l-:fl(~~~~~~~~~~~&o .~I<~~1l-:fl(~~~~4.C~~~I1Htl~. .. ,-j~~~~~.~~ I$l~.~~~~ .. ~~~.e~~~-E[]"$~.I<~-E[]~~~.~~.~~":JnK.~~[]$~. ~I<~~~~-E[]~~~~~.~~o. 0. 1 ~K:jl3.I~~ I~~~~J (The Atomic Energy Act) '* 1 ~~<~~ r~~ (The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act) ~~&~~1l-:fl(gK~~$t~ !8~~4.c~~&1l-~~ll~~!)WHc:W~~~. ~~~~{W~~t; "I<~~~~*~. ft..~~J. "$~.wI<~~.M~~~,,~~~~~~~~.,*~~~1l-:fl(~-E[]o. ~1H~1l-:fl(~w~~.~~&~~~~~"~~1l-:fl(~~~~~~~,*.~-E.~*~~~R~~~.~~~~~~'*~~~. 0. .. ~~~~ru~~~I~~~~~~ii"~I<~~~~.1l-:fl(Ia'~~I<~~~~~.~~:JnK~~~~m~ .. ~.wI<~~~~~~~ j<~:l;!:fl~. :.1-,:". r... ~. f",r:-. d. '"Dr:;;";r. ........ _ _. ;·t.2~~ ~. :. iO. .• _ .. _. . . . . .~~.;;.;,,~~.~ ....,: 1~~",?"'Y.~. or Executiive Policymaking and Congressional'. ~1<~~~~.,*~~~1l-:fl(~-E[] .. ~\§~~:JnK~~~~H~:lR~~~~~~~~"1l-:fl(~I<~~t;~~~~~&~~~ .. ~~e~~~~ ... ~e.:JnK~~ •• ~~~~o~~ .. .w• • -E[]~~~"I<~*~~. ".~~~*~'*:JnK~~~~~~~. ~It!iRo. .Ovorjt~~.:~ ~". !:~~,dI~. ,'" ""'-"', ... ' f":~."~ .. .' :',' ~ ':"" '. '", ~ ~ .:....... '.:.~.,. @) Ibid., p. 38. Daniel Homer and Paul Leventhal, "The U. S. ,··;China Nuclear Agreement: A. Failure flH"."".:Vo1.11,. NO;, I. ,(Winter 1987),pp.IOS"l22.. .e. ~,- ".. .. _ ...1...J1mr'-"">H" ... J.JU . . . . . _. .~ .... ~___. .' • •+t.. !:t1K. . . . . . . . . .~JI:~. . . . .IIrr:. . . . . . . . . . . ._ .. .. o!iIlIllmmr.n....u-UK ...... "--... rullall~I.t:r.A".U1.~!1'11. q , t-\ ~~.4.I1~${~ . 1 ..:::It::''''I:!T.J.I.I... 1 ITT".

(7) ~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~~~~~~m~.~~~~O~~~~~~~U~~lft~~~~~. ~~~o @ Ibid.. p. 38. Overslgh~.". Th6 n.tch.r Forum. Vol•.11. No.1. (Winter 1987). -pp.l0S-122.. '"'. ..... ,,;. +"'''''''••.'-·. "'.'. ,'l~h:~\W~. B Daniel Horner and Paul Leventhal. "The U. S. ;.··China Nuclear Agreement: A. Failure of Executiive Policymaking and Congressional'. ~ ~~.4tl~$.f.~. .1lAn-N~:I<IIUS;.Q.~Ii~"!lI(~El~~.$Iii~iStlSB!1.~'• •" '• •. 1\ ,.. l~<~~l~~~~~tr~~~~rH~~~~~~~J o~~~~~$~~§.~~~~ • • • tr~~~.H~~¥~. ~~~.~~o~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~_tr~~H~~.~~~~~~~~~,,~~.e~~~"~~~~$~~~. ~$~~~§o~.~~~~g• • tr.tr~~• • ~~ • • ~H~B~· • •~"~."~~~.".~"'~~~~.~H. ~~.~~~~~o9~~~~B~tr~~~~~.~B~~~~~~~~~B.~o. '" 1. ~~~~. '" ~~.~~JJJiijl~.rt- '. .~. ,. ~:lit{?J-lllli!H~~ii( ,,@ ~~H~~.~~~~. '" ~~~§H~<-!:j~. .~~~~~~~ ~ ~Il:~tr~~~~~~jg~" .rt-".~":lit~,, H~~~~~".~" jJ!:l?~K~H~~~~411~~H ~~ii. ~~tr~~H~B~<4\itt'~~4n~.~" 1 ~<~"'<K~~" ~~ 1KO~~§~~~~~KI!!H~~:jj~.~.~~~~~ .~)j:g~ " )j:g~tK:t{l~~~~$~.~H~~IIHjg~" 1 ~<tR~+11~ '" tr~~~Bgl:-f€\~I<§.~~~~H~~.;jS~)j:g~ " rH~~~4rI~~~J H~~.~~t~ '" i\~§~~*"tr§+<Ii*=~~t~$:)j:g~!!l~if~~ " !~~11*~~~~" ,....j~$~§~~ .tr~~~Ilm!!~~*~~~~. '" zti.~tr~~~ • • ~.JK~~ru;~~~\lIlllld·~ c:-i~zti.~~.+<Ii~H~ '" ~i\tr~H~~~ .~~~t~ii$·~cO~$.I<§~~t~~~~~~~iitii\~ • • ·~ ~~liiM~t~~HE:.~.OlE~~~ '" DR 1~j{![ '" -H-~1€\~.tI€~~.~. ~~§~$<-!:jma~~~.~~Ii\~. ft~~~~§~~W§~*=~ • • R~l.~ •. ~l~<O~zti*-.~ • • • ~~.!!l~i\tr~+<Ii~+<. (Trade and Development Program) f!f$TDP). 1<§~H.~~~~ftzti~~~§$.a~~.~~~~zti.~.$~~~• • ~~.~~.~.ati~~iit.o. ,.~~~~~~. .... 1<§§~~.4rI~I!!Iq!.~ • • ~1i\. ~.*~~~. • •~a~R~~~iitli\~~~~~H~-~~$.~~.~~~~$~~zti~I<~~~~Wtr~~Ii~~~~~ii\~.~*~. ~~.:t::l ~ &m(~ • • ~Ii\-H- - ~!lStr~+<I:!~~iitii~~~W ..m.trHE:t$f~~~ ft 1~<O~~~tR~ ft I ~<J-!:l~~~~~ r @ Business America, January 23, 1984, pp.23-25.. Accord (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Commerce). 1987, ,pp.i5-7. 111~. (§) U. S. Department of Commerce, R.Port on Work Program Activities of the U. S. --China Indus-trial and Technological Cooperation. ~§~tr:j:j(~,*,~~~~~.~.

(8)

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(19) * ~. J!I. ~. ~. ~¥3J.il(;'fm. ~. a. ;M. ,:p. 1987. .~. m. ~. 1I*~!!HPf~. .A1f. .. &. *. ~1iIf{f(f. ~. a9. :J~. Ftti ~. tt. tlUi*j£~farmiiJl±. tt. ; ~1If{f(fjt. itm;ffa:J~!Jt'.&if~~m= .:1f~ltrf:t~II~~'slIkllit~lI!& $l.~o. ~. rep. tJ Ii. p;j. \i1lI. lB:;liWIIi* 1987 .p,L, C~. ?f11ii!I~$. ~~f{f(f. ~tJRtllli*. ~tJR$f{f(f. liMAf{f(f. ~). .p,L' CliM. A). 1987. z.. 7tJJll1i:~.$l~~ttl!#!;tllli*. :ff~1ffi ~.t~$l* 1ffi Jl! ' ;it;J!B. 1i:~tJRttl!#!;'fl!UIIi*. f{f(fjtititms.m o. ; ]iff f{f(fjtJl:o illl!~1i:~. '. ~filliMA. fi. "~ f$. ~***J.l(:. 1. U. S. Depart ment of Commerce, The Dalian Management Development. Center, a report, June 17,1987. 2.Beth Keck, "China's Managers Look West" The China Business Review, May June, 1985, pp. 36-37.. ~$mft. 19E. IMt$tt. tilllli*.p 'L' Ci§~ ). x$tlil. 19l .p,L' ca. *).

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(21) ~+,*iX~ ~ ~j!m:g~~~i!!\:i£$. ~ ~~tmIMl**~~. Beth Keck, "China's Managers Look West," The China Business Relliew, May-June, 1985, p. 37.. Q. .. 9lt~~~l1iS~~$".. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~··~~~*tr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~$~tr«~.~~~~. o. " .~ ~ :!1i\N~~;gil~~ ~ ~1!lH-'~~~~~. ••. ~~tr~~ ••• ~9lt~~~W~•• ~~~~~~~.~.~tr~9lt~••~~~~~ •• ~~ ••~~S~~~. m~~~~~W.R~.~.tmI."~~~~'**~.tr~W~~~ •• ~.~~~~e9ltm••m~~M~.~~ •• ~~. €~~~~.~~~.~~~~~m~~."tr~~R~~~~~~~~~.a~.~~*~.~~Q~~"m~~M~~. •. ••. ~~~~ti~.~~~•• ~~~a. ••~~E.~~~*~••W.~~~.~••• tr~~~•••~~.-~~~••••~e."~~ ••tr~9ltmti~. *.~ ~. *•••. , ,. ~~t1~~~~~~~ ~~~lmtr«f£.ll@riE<4~~••• 1~ ~ • • ~J:itlI+<~~~4tl~~:Hi•• ~~~~~.~iX~~~ji\ .. ® \ \ ~:\mK~~~~ 1itlI~jng~I!\li~~1D11Hl~.~~*fl- ~ ~~$~~~~~~.~~. ~ ~-m*lIIlj(l!!~~~~·;Jj·H~!!!•• ···~.H ~~ • • (Military Industrial Commission) (VPK) lttl:'I~~.tm~*1$~l;! .. ~.H~~•• 1I'*~IIIl~Ill/!<IP(~~~~mr.:l. ~.~'M~.*'~~.~mr.:l.*~ ••• ~~I!\li~~.mr.:l.~~.**Q ~:\mK~~~~11itl1~Ii(~~-m•• ~~lifa~f£.lifaliClttl:'I~~~~~W*~tl;! ~ .~.R+<*I~IP(~~~Mllg~.~mr.:l." ~ ••~~~~M.a~itlI~Ii(~IIIl~~~.~••• ~~~.~Qtm•• ~~lIIltr~.~.~M~, •• ,~t, •• , •• ~ (~.~mr.:l.) '.~I!\li~~~~~.~~.mr.:l."*~~~.H~~~M~a. Q. ••. ~.H~~ •• ~.~~ •• ~I!\li*~~S~'~~~~M"~~~~~lifa.~~~~.~H~lifaliC~~$.=~~W~~ ~.~~ti~.~.~iiI~~tl;!~~" .~~•• *~ ...•• ~.tl«4tl~ •• (t'he Soviet Committee for State Security. KGB) ~ .~~.*lifa •• ~ll@ (the Chief Intelligence Directorate of the Soviet General Staff) "~~~W~~~ ~Ml •• ~_.~~ •• ~~ ••• ,,@ • • ~.tl«4tl~ •• ~ ••~.* ••• ~ll@~~ •• ~~~~."~*~W.$+<~ •• ~(~~~~'~~~~)~•• ~H~~~*~~W~~~••• ~~.~.~.~tra W~~•• ~~~~~.~~~~*tr,,~~.~~~~~~~~.~•• ~~~,,~~.tl«4tl~~.~.$~.*~ •• •• ?t~ • • ~~.gmj-~ ~~" ~~~ (the Soviet Acad~1@~~~~.H~R~l\lllH~ ~ lE~~.~lifa*-Illr\~~9ltm. Central Intelligence Agency), September, 1985, pp. 2-4.,'. H::i 111. ® Directorate of Intelligence, SOlliet Acquisition of Militarily Significant Western Technology: An Update (Washington, D. C.:. the @ Ibid., pp. 11-13.. ;J\\K~.~*~:gr~.~:ttl~ • • ~. /.

(22) •. 131. ~. }Ag{. emy of Sciences) ~ 1[~~.~liUj(ll1ll(. (the State Committee for Science and Technology) ~1[~ii~.~IlQ(ll1ll(. (the State Committee for Foreign Relations) ~I$!~.lh,,*~~+HI!JlI.\•• () s 1i~!I!~ll ••+HI!JlI.\~~~I[i!aiH*,* ~ Z{i~ ~~~~W~~~~.~~I$!~~.$~~.~.~~~~~~~.~ii~N~o. -m .J1~ii~••~;J71~~I[~:lR~~~.~tf!~·.~.~~~ ~ ~ln'.~~{]ii:E-e-~~ ••• ~~;lK.~I[~:lR~~~~iltf tr~~.p,g~~l£Jo. 0. 0. .. ~~~~~I[~.. -e-:fK~.IlQ(ll1ll(.I-'-~I[i!ai~~~H*,*llQ(nm(.~I[~~.~~~~.H~.J1~~~+HI!JlI.\~$:l£J ~ 1•• ~~ 1~<11.i!:1-<m:: <1I$1[i!ai~~IlQ(ll1ll(.~I[i!ai H~.<4-ll11l1E~ .. ~+H1!JlI.\~ti:!~~11 .. .-iiEi.iP.:(~~$~~~~ ~ ~!I!ii~.~IlI{BE.~Jl;Itfali: () ~~ .. ~~~r~IlI{$~~.~~ItfaJ ~~~~~~~~~ ••*~~()~ •• ~W*~~~.~~~~ r~1lI{. .~~~~.H~~. $~~~~~ItfaJ~~ll1ll(~~~~~~$ •• ~~Z{i~~~$.~~~ll1ll(~$~~MI-'-H~~ l~<~.i!:I-~. l!!t!!:~lmit (+H~I$!~.~~~W~~.O ~ 1E~~I[~~IS~~I:~-e-:fK~*<~ll1ll(-iliil~N~l$'~~.~~1~~iliilllllt1§IUlilS~~~ ~~-e-:fKii~~Jl;.~Itfa.I-'-~.~~.~ $.*'*<4liii' ~. 1~1§ ~ - _ I ~$i~~~ru;~~~.~ tlR 1*1§ ~ ~._~.~~. .iP.:(~~.~--~I$!•• ~r~IlI{$~~.~~ItfaJ~~ll1ll(). ~W~~;J71~~H~"~~~.~~~~$.~~~.~~W*~~~~~~~W~~.~~ti:!~()~~~~I[~~I[~~.~. ~1lQ(ll1ll(.~-e-I[~.~Z{i~$~.~.~$~ •• ~~._$.~~~~~~~~l~~~~~Dg~~.~~~~~ti:!~(). ~~~fgWtm!!.~~if~ ~ t~~{te~~:j@ , ~1[~~~~I!!!l.~~ll;!~ .. ~.~1[<4liii'~~~11\1[.~:iIlKI[~~~~W~:E <>. 1984). pp. 47-48.. .. Z{i~~~$~~~~~.~~~~~~~~ii-e-:fK~.~~.o. nlll!I~~imDg~tm 1~<11J#-~1K ~ ~1[~fg~§Ilql (the Defense Intelligence Agency) tr~§Ilql~ James A. Williams ~1[.~• • • tr"~~:E-e-~.~~~~.*I[:En.~~ •• ().~~~~.BE.lIlIt ••H•• ~~~~.()®~~"&~ • • 1~~tr:fK~ln~~~~*I[~~im~.J#-N~~~*~-e-~~~~IE~~~~ .. Z{i~~l~~~.() ~~"~~~~~I$! .. -m~-e-:fK~~~~~I[~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. ~~fg~~.~tm.~~~~~ .. ~&.~ •• 'imlIg~~~im'.~~liii',I[i!aiH*,*~~~'im*,*~~.~~~~~~.H~~~~$~~."~I$!~.~~~"M~~ ~~~~~.~~~~~~.~.~~. 1\~~~4;f~.-<':W~w. ® Denis Fred Simon, "Technology for China: Too Fast?", Technology Review, Vol. 87, No. 7 (Oct.. S Ibid., pp. 3-10.. ~. ~·~~-e-:fK~~·~I[~:lR~~~·~~~···*-e-"~~~~~~~~I:~:fK~~.~~W~~*~"IEI$!~.~~. ~~~~~ •• oZ{i.~IE~ .. ~~tm!!.~~~~W-e-"~~~~~~~I$!~.~~~W*~*~~~I[~~~*~~~~()~.

(23) \. ~. Denis Fred Simon, "Technology for China: Too Fast''', Technology Review, Vol. 87. No. 7 (OCt. 1984). pp. 47-48.. 11)1(1.,. pp. 3-10.. e. ~*.~~~~~.~~*~~~ • •~~~• • •~~~~~~~~~~~~S~~~.~• •~~*~A~~~.~~. +H1!l1t;~lEI1I*~" ,...j~Ii!~~jg[~~~I\li1W~~~~~• • ~lIIlj(~.i!1.~<:'i~±I [Ji1!I11;jje~~t~~~~i§. .. ~~Ii!~~~Kf{~~. • •~~~~~~~~~~,m~'~~~~~~~W~~ • • ft~~~m~~~~~~~W.~~*.~~W~ti~~. ~~~~~ • • o~*.~S~~~~.~~~~W~ft~~.~~~~~~• • ~~W~$*~~~~~.~m.~~~o~. 0. ~*~ ~~. 0. .~~~·~et5~.ft'l~~Ii!~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~jg[~~-p<~~~~.~t'- .. ~*.~~~t~~~~~~~~ }1tl~\i$I~~~.g..:*K~ ~~~~~~~H~~~~~~~~W~~I!l1t;~".~W~~~~~~~*.~~~~o\i$I~~.~.g..~~~*~~±I[J~~~. ~~~+HI!l1t;*~~l~~~~~* .. ~~.g..~~~~~~~~~m~Kf{ .. ~~~jg[~H~~~~~~m~~~~~~~~~~~ ~1!l1t;~~G l~~<~ .. .g..~~*~~~~~~~~N~"\i$I~~.~±I~~.[J~~~~~~~.~~~I!l1t;i!1o~*,,~~~ .. ~~~.g..~~m~~~~~~~~~~W~~~o ~.~. .... H=IH=I. 0. •. 0. ~~~±I[J~~~~~"\i$I~~~~r~~~~JIi!~ .. ~*~Kf{~~~±I[J~~o~~"~~~~ • • l~"~§~~~~ t+~.~~~~~~~±I [Ji1!I11;jje .. W~\i$I~~.mt}1tl.g..Ii!~~ ft ~~\i$I~~ r ~~~~J ~~~~~~~~. G 1 ~< 11~w.! .. ~~~~~~~~~~\i$I~±I[J~~~~~"~~~~~~~~~G$~\i$I~~~~~.g..~~~~ .. ~~.g..~~~;jje .. ~~~.g.. :*K~~~~ .... ~~~'li~~ll!M~~liE~.g..~±I [J~~~fli~~ G~~\i$I~~x(4~ .. ~g.~~t+x(4lfii' (Hua Ko Electronic Co. Ltd.) -tH.g..~~\i$I~~fllJ!(~ •••IRx(4rn (Hua Yuan Yuan Co.) ~~i~-~.~~ 1 fm:pK~IR:tK.~i$.~ ~~~~~ *~~~~~~~j{j:r.~.~ ~*lliE~~EEE.~ll!ii~~.~~~mm:k:~x(4~-Elcap _t+.x(4~ ~ RCL *~.x(4~ .. ~lEI~.*~.g..~~OO~H~~~~."~~liE~.g..~~~~~rnG@~*"~~~~~lfii' .. ~g*$~~*~.~~~lfii'( System Data Semiconductor Ltd.) ~ .. t.€dEI~.g..~~$~~~~~ ~ ~~:t(±I [J~~;l'lIIH!~~t.€:~~Kf{~~~~~ \i$I~N~~~~4r~~~~~m~~~~i1!I11~~[Jgli!e\on~:te$~~W*~I!l1t;~i1!I113!W! .. ~lEI .. jjIF; 1 ' ~~~~33: [J i1!I11~~~.g.. .. ~~~~~ r~~~~J Ii!~ .. 1iJl\.~~~~~~~*':tK~~\ii' (Distribution License) ~~~ .. ~\i$I~~~~i\t\ii'~~~~rK: .. ~ •• [J~~~.~~.~~li!e\on .. }1tl~.g..~ .. ~~**~~ • .g..~~~r~~~~J -~~~.~ • .g..~~33:[J~.o~* ~*~.~~~~.~~~.g..~±I[J~~.~~-S~~~~.~~ • • ~~~-~~ • • ~~~m~~.~ .g..:*K~±I[Jo lEI ~"\i$I~ll!M~~~EEE.~~ •• ~.~~.~~~.P~~.~~~on~m.~.~.g..~~~GjjIF;11,~m.~.-\i$I~~.~ • • .. ~~.~~~.±I~;jje~[Jgli!e\on~:s: [J ~ iW~:1I!1IfHl~~8J~~~~.±I~;jje~IiIiQ(IIll!(. (COCOM) ~~ ~I$!~.~~~ ~.\i$I~.~ ••• ~ • •±I[Ji\t\ii' ... ~.~~~~~.~~li!e\on~33:[J~~~~.~.~.~:1I~~~.±I~IiIiQ( • • ~. @ The Asian Wall Street ]ollrnal. June 29.1982, p. 1 and p' 4. ~~~.g..~~~~~:t!:i~~.~.

(24) /. (). • ~. ~. ~. ~K. 1l$r~lElfE~~~~.:altmW..y~!I~ ~ ~~$(llm~fg[~H~m«~iD'!~~iilI1DEHj~·~~~~:\lt\m.~-:E!-IIm-t<Ii~.~::tR. 0. il'*111 ' -:E!. B-t<Ii~Il$r~~~.~~~~~~Il$r~~~~-:E!-IIm-t<Ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-:E!-~~~~·~~~~-:E!-~~Il$r~. 0. *~~~~<41ii?~.... -IIIl~:l!{$l~~~-:E!-:fK:\lt\m~~~I!$~$(IImiD'!~~iilI1Dg~.if~~~1l!Blll<l!III~ ~~-lIt* .. ~~IIm~~~gr~~II5:a n it!IIIW~DE!~~if~~~$l~.~~-:E!-IIm-t<Ii~~~~~:Wi~~ ~ t.1.$l~*1$!~#Ilt-< , -w.-:E!-:fK~11a~~~ jf$ ~~1Iminli!~~ifH:lli DE! ~ ~~ -:E!-l:lfS~~~I\BI1ll<.((It.tRJ ... ~~11ll«~~ .. .-i I ~<111-l1t+ 1m::: .. ~~~~fg[~ Chipex <41ii?-1l$r~.lImtBP~<41ii? (Hua Ko Electronic Company, Ltd.) ~~- B~~<4\iii' .. ~:Wi:\lt\~~-G.'J4rn<$l.JJmj:~~t1Htll~Il.~g$!!l~~mm~~~$l~:a n .. ~~-:E!-:fK H~~~-<ll!I1(~~4JI!!.Jtml~ t-=lill* ~11a_iFtt. () ~1f!ll\.~~tJ:~:a n ~~~~iFtt ... mW~P{m\~IIm~~~.:a:l!m~~fi~n!Il(.~~~ () 1El~ .. Chipex <4\iii'~~-!w~ '~~lm[$(lg () @ I ~<gr-lltllm::: .. $(1Im~ • •m~~Plfg[~$*l!! ll$I<-:1Ji@~$l~-\l!l~~~+~$(lgJ;11aBml-.?t~~.m\-:E!-m«-t<Ii~~-<_. ~. 0. :fK~:\lt\m~~~~grfmlm[$(lg~t1t-1f'Il~~~. :riI () *«:-:E!-ll-<*-IIIl-:E!-IIm-t<1i .. 11l-<*-IIIl~. +t1l<-<~:lt~ll!$" ~$(IImJtml~~.W<4\iii' (AT&T) ~ijii*it1)~~1+Ut!III" ~$n~llll(. ~• • :!J1IlH~ () <-:1lR-\l!l~~+t1I!IKli!!![Jg1f!ll\IIIl~\ii'ttE.~~~~l!lt*it1) .. .@lW~.1f'~~BmI- • • ~H-~m:~~~~~.-t<l!lt ( transv. .erse wave tube amplifier) " tyj I ~<gr-llt~ .. $l~~-< Tong Man-Chung ~-k<~~:a n~Mlm .. ~$(IImJ;11a.~~l.W~. (electronic test equip -ment) ~$l3@.~~-:E!-IIm-t<Ii·~ IElfE~.'tt~~*-~Imfg[J!Iil~~~-!wl!lii;~ <> ® ~ I ~<~-lIt+ 1m::: .. $(m«~~-t<~~fil~:Wil11~$l~W-<~J;~.~-<+l" '• • ~-:E!-:fK~Il$r~~~Ml • • -~IIm.~«\iii'o®. \\\ ' ,**"$.~~*~tlF 0. ~1m~~i\-:E!-:fK9~tIll~~1lJ4JI!!~~~. .. ~~~~~~~. 0. 411./\l;;:'4!>lLI:5>.r::-.&"'";;;;:!It::rlnla. ""'''''''. ...... , .... _, ...v _. ....... , ••• _...... __ •••. :!R;!jl;lJ~~~4tl$l~~-IIIl1H~lS~:Iiim~~~:f.t ~ 'R*«:ilt~-Il(H~~Hm~IlJ~~~• •~~.~:trt'''IiB:~'; ~~~$iiW. Covernment Printin.. ~mW$(Im~:\lt\-:E!-~:\lt\m~~:!R;!jl;lJ*BmI-.~~ ~. -:E!-~:\lt\m~~~*l!!~$(Im~~~~~~iilI1Dg*~~~~~~~~l:lfS~~~~~"~~~~~~.~()~~"~~~~~_~. .,g::-t~~i\~~l!I~*)tJ. e. rm.. 0. @ u. S. Department of Commerce, Export Administration Annual Re/Jpit, frY 1984 (Washington, . D. C.: U. S. Office), Oct. 23,1985, p. 65. Ibid~ " p. 66 alld p. SI• • . Sa"Fiim~is~p ChrD";cl-.November 6.198~.;, p:,,'~~. ~1. tl<" ~ ~.EIt/Iilt>hl-i~ ~ rr+?1W1-l~-!Zl'iP<l!lii,!~IM{1iiH.tnl:!I:!lJ!::Jl,;lIllll1.Jam.LJ1llIl! _.

(25) ~. 3 $. 0. ,. :~ .. ~~~~.w~$1B1S:&iilll-m~i!5~:tjIIlll!Jl:&i~~ ~ ~:j(;It~~ilH.~!I[~UHti!lllt~ • • ~il.~~·~li!li:lf" ~;It~IIii.. urnceJ, Uct. 23,1985, p. 65. Ibid.. p. 66 and p. 81. San FrtmciscP Chronicle. November: 6, 1985.~ p.,:29; .. I IIIl.. ~~.a.~H.·~~H.:&i~~ • • ~ • • ~ • • H.·*.~.:&i~.&.~OO.o~~ • • :&i~.w~:j( • • • • • ~.. ~~~:j(~~~!I[~~~~~~~~H.~~~~~.:&i~~o~~~-lI-~~:j(~~~~~:&i~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~. ~~~.~~.~B~.~:&i~~·~:j(~K~~~~:&i.~H.~~~~~-m~~~~~:&i~.·.:j(~~~D~.:&i~.~. .~~~~~~.~~:&i~~~~~~D~~:&i~~.~o@~~~~~~~~.~og~~.~~~~~~~~:&i~~~~~:j(. '. ,. '. .. ~~\W.~ ~ ~~.-a-~:ffi\~~l\E:!\!l!\~~~.:&i~~~j(jl~ •. " ~~:j(~$S:8i~ I $!~{wlEl1l* ~ *:fK• •~Ii!~~~loI!-H-~+<i!!l:l~~*!- .. ~:j(I${~~ll{;d<~.$f~~~~~ • • :&iH.~IIIl ~ :j(• • IIIl.~ • • l!!S!~:&i~* • ~.~-lI-~~j(jl~~~.~~~~~~~~.~~:&i~1 JJ!;~{w ,. ~. ~~*illl • • ~l:C~nt • • H.~i'\:!(~~~~.~-R:&i+<-E> .. ~1I*(j. ~~~J:~~.~1I*:&i~~ ·~~D(:M{l~~llm~-lI-~~~~~~iR:ffl~ •• 1E~:j(~~~~~~:&i~~~. $:a-lI-:fK• •H • • • IIIl.~l!!S!~:&i={W~*~~~~~$~.~~~-lI-~:ffl • • • • ~~~~*:ffl~.o~~~~.-H-~IIIl.~~~.~~-~ :j(l${loI!~~$~.~ • • ~~~IIIl.:&i~~~*~~~-lI-~~~~~~.~!\!l!\~~&m~.+<:8i • •*~·~~~~.*~~~ .. ,...j $M.~~~~M'~.:&i~il$.~ ~*~~~*~.w~~. .. ~.-lI-:fK~JHf\~~~.:8i~~. (Distributi()n License) :&i$t$PAH~'~ ~ .w$1B1S~~.~~lt!.~. ~ ~~~~l;!~~lti~:fflH~'~ CI') ~.w~~ ~~~~H • • $f:&ilt-<~~~.·~ ..,; ~~~ 111$1B1S:8i.~JmIlt~Jm~. ~l\E:!\!l!\~~~~~.Jg~:ffllW~.~J$!l!!S!~ • • "liE~~:&i~~~-?J¥$!. :&i ~.~W!'i~. Ll;!loI!~~.~·· Ld*~~~~$1Il1S~~~Jm~!lg:&itK~j;1a'. ~~'liit:~!\!l!\~~~~loI!~.~!lg~~.~a~-lI-:fK~~~ • •liE~~:&i~ •• llIIt.*'~~~. ~~·~lti~.~8«~~~~~.~.:&i~~loI!~.~~~~.~ao. ... (reverse engineering) ~$~ ~ ~:iS~~~~l!!!f~~. ·~~:j(~:fK~~~.w~~&~~liE~~:&i~~~@Ia'.~~~~~~~~~.~~*:fK~~~~.~~~~~a~~~~:&i~ ~. ,...j*~~\ti'~~:ffi\~~l\E:!\!l!\~~~~:&i~~~~~~#,l1tl;!~.[[~;il;;;. H:l-\l. @ Caspar W. Weinberger, The Technology Security .Program, a report to the 99th Congress, first session (Washington, D. C.; U. S. Department of Defense); February 1985. p. 1 and p. 88. @ Directorate of Intelligence, Soviet AcquistioH of Military Significant Western Technology: An Update, op. cit., p. 10 and p. 24; U.S. Department of Defense, Assessingth~ 'Efiect a/Technology Transfer on U.S./Western Security: A Defense Perspective (Wash· ington, D. C~: Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy). February 1985, p. E·I and p. 3-21.. 1<~~-H-:fK:&i:1ll\W.~~ • • ~.

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