政黨民主與臺灣民主化

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42 © 2004 3

Taiwan Democracy Quarterly

44 © 2004 3

Robert Michels

1962:342-56 the iron law of oligarchy

Michels

Michels

Michels

institutionalization

1996 Chu and Lin, 1996; Mainwaring and Scully, 1995:4-5; Dawisha, 1997:40-65

Taiwan Democracy Quarterly

46 © 2004 3 1977 1977 1986 1986 1994 1994 2001:93-97 1977 1977 1986 1986 1996 1996 1977 1949 1977 1949

1977 1986 1970 1977 1977 1977 1978 1960 9 4 1989:1-82

Taiwan Democracy Quarterly

48 © 2004 3 1999:185-86 1986 1972 1990 1986 1996 1991 3 8 8 % 1977:60 1991 1977:95-102

1991 1992 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 2000 1992

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50 © 2004 3

30%

35% 25%

1990

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52 © 2004 3

2003 1. 2. 3. 4. 2003

Taiwan Democracy Quarterly

54 © 2004 3 2001:171-72 1977 1980 1986 1986 1990 2001:174-75 2000 2001

1995

1997

2001:182-86

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56 © 2004 3 1 2 3 4 1992 NSC82-0301-H-004-034 1995 NSC84-2414-H004-053-B2 1998

1990

2000 6%

1990

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58 © 2004 3

1995

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1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 2003 / http://www.kmt.org.tw/AboutUs/Aboutus-2-1.html 2003/12/27 2001 2003 / http://www.tsu.org.tw/tsa01b.html 2003/12/28 2003 / http:www.dpp.org.tw/history/pub/LIT_6.asp 2003/12/27 1998 23-44 2002 1998 9 1 81-111 1977 1989 1996 251-73 1999 2001 2003 / http://www.pfp.org.tw/platform/assert.php?id=3&pid=02 2003/12/27

Chu, Yun-han and Tse-min Lin (1996). In Tien, Hung-mao (Ed.) Taiwan’s Electoral Politics and

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62 ' _{2004 3}

Mainwaring, Scott and Timothy R. Scully (Eds.), (1995). Building Democratic Institutions: Party

Systems in Latin America. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Michels, Robert (1962). Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of

Modern Democracy. New York: The Free Press.

I-chou Liu

National Chengchi University

Abstract

A

re all political parties democratic in the democratized Taiwan? This is a question which should have been taken care of in the study of democratization. This paper analyzes the process of democratization and survey data in the 1990’s and concludes that the major political parties, especially the Kuomintang and the DPP, played significant roles in the democratization of Taiwan. They also are perceived by the public as parties which contributed to democratization. Both share an image of a ‘‘party promoting democracy.’’ However, the question of whether major political parties are internally democratic is a topic which needs to be systematically studied.

Taiwan Democracy Quarterly