資訊隱私權法理探討-以美國法為中心

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(1)if ~ ~~ *A 1l ji; JJ!. #. /. J'A .Jc II ji; ~ tf ,~. ~t. ft~ff"*. I!. §. =:' 1977~Wha1en v. Roe • ' ~1!I.IA.fA~ilPJ~*rl:l'J!. if,ru~ . It '. ~1J15H'~..t.fAa9~iI. -,.fAfI.~a9tf!1:fj. - , 1966~1I~.lAiHm~a9.. =,. Prossera91ttJT&m~ilt"J. fA~~m5E. =.. =:,.fAfI{£ti!fI~..ta9B~. ~·~ffJ.~..t.fAa9~3!I. 1974~1I~.fA~. =:,~ffJfA.~.IA.fA~f¥~. - , 1965~Griswold v. Connec. *fIlJl!. ticut. ffi·.IA~t£ifii~••fAa9~:t.J. 1973~Roe v. Wade. tij.*6D!. =,. .jj. ~. .m.~~$~~~~.L~~~~m,~&.m.~~$~m,&OOA~m~·. n*H~~.m.~.$~~Mo*x~ffi*~~m.m.~~~.$·.$&.n$ ftjfJm~J.illli~~/~<tliifi. ~~m. 0. '. P.A&.~{f'ji;t.~~$~mfF~~lM. ffi~.mf4tt~ff£ItfJ.mlll~r~M~m:"~.. .~r~'Mi'F-7t~. '. i;t~.~.m.~~$. ' *x.{l~ffif4~mi ' ti.m. 0. g.~:~~~~.,~~.~w,~~~~~,~~~~,~~~.~~. •. ~iI~~~~ii:1z:* • •IiHl±, 1Jllffl*~~%~?t~$.1W± ' }j!ffil:1z:affl'*~$~*liiJti: ~o*X~~~~~~affi~*.~~.~$.m.~~m~~~OO·{£~~.iI~*,a ffl'*.$~*&.ffi~*.$~*~$.m.~~m~m~o~~,m~~~~OO~~iI~ x.~~.fl1&~pi5lit ' ~~J!~ 0. -297.

(2) ~1\+rrroo~. Sl:::k$'flSffiB . i:'1JU. IW~.~M~®::tQo. ~. ~. jfm~t:t~i!ffR~HX1IA.fA..t. j\ ,. ~~®~.~~oom·~~m~~~~. ~J;~~i;k.Lr,t~Aa9. 1*tt. ~-OO~To~~t:t~i!ffR·Wtt.. fi~.~~~~~·~&~~~®~.. ~~.~.®.~·1t;t~lf~$. &R~~~.~~~~A~M~~·$. §~ff~®~~ffRo~~*~$~~. •. ®I!.~m(. ..t~. •• ~~.~jfm.~·HX~.. construction) · IWfA.®•. ~$OO..t®-*.Qo*x~~~.fA. ~·1t;tm.~+n~~*o~7*m. ~®$OO~~~'~A~M*~OOfi~. ~~f.cfl. .~~~®~~;~~&jfmtt~~~. §.ff~$.~.~,M~~~~®~. mA.fA®~n·~~.mjfm.~~. ~&*~~~m~oo.fA.®~~o~. ®$~o. ~mM§7.fA.~.~-m."®M. .fA®.~. · .~~OOfld*B~l&~. ~(a. · $*II1C~Prosser , i:S~~~. bunch of right) · iI~-M~fU~* ;. -.®~.;w.m®~.·~E~.. i:SM~Q®~M·~.~AIWfA.®*. ~'. Jt.o. 0. ~~.gi~~mAjf~~~$-:n. WM.~®~~.~C~~~®OOA.. •• ~~~~·~MAjf ~ffi~jfm .•-.®~~~~o~~ ~;=:nOO~. ~*..t·jfm~~~~®jf~.~~~ Etr.Jli.~2_0 jfm~7 ~~~~®jf~. ;;. . -~II~B~¥Y~.A1rftm~~J!~3. 0. *x~~~~jfm.jffl;m.&.~. ~~A~OOg~m~·.m.~~~~ m~A.A~OO®~~~.·~~.m. - , F.l;fh;fft. ~ R9 J1t ili ~jitsfrlJij~. , WarrenfOBrandeis. ~~iPifflJij~.fiWarren:t:t.1JJf®. ~*fAA~.~~~.n~A.~®~. . ~1890~~~~$*~~ff~-. ~X-rlfA.( -lJ{IW~®~fUlY}ifftt ~. 0. ~.~x·~HX~Sfl~~$II1C~~~. &.m~x~M.fA.®~~o~$*. 1) j!Badenoch~. The value of information, ~Mary Feeneyffili ' The value and impact of information, 1994, Z) ~~.flffi:IJo r~~.J =~f!~~,* ' 1W.-O;fl1iJ.~. " 3) Mock~:W'-E:.m~: r.g~.*'1. Afl'&~l&~~JfflA±tttg~ilJ!l!1iJflg~(processed data which bears a reasonable possibility of altering the world perception of someone receiving the data) • j!William Mock, On the Centrality of Information Law: a Rational Choice Discussion of Information Law and Transparency, John Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law, Vo1.17. noA, Summer 1999, pp.l069 - • ::f.;;ltp.l075 " 4) j!Warren and Brandeis, The Right to Privacy [The implicit made explicit ), Harvard Law Review, VolA, pp.193-,.1890 ;lt~:>(~I11~ • j!Prossert:UfrfJ.~ , 1JS'Prosser, William L., Privacy (A legal analysis ), California Law Review, 1960, Vol.48, pp.338-4Z3.. m-.". 0. -298.

(3) .m.&... J\+n!F+-~. ~~"-~~~~.~~. *m.lf:~A~~~~~.~,mmJjt~. nmfffl!t • Warren&Brandeisl¥JMfA" -)( • il1fHI~~*t!nfil~lmJ(Ul¥Jm.1J. m.*.~.o~~~*iI~~~~~. -:;:t5. 11~~.. 0. Warren$fi.! Brandeis lit jtm ill Cooley $'Erffffil¥J r1'~~ff.l¥J.ftl(th.e right to be let alone) J 6 • ~~~m. ~f§~~ 0. '. Warren&Brandeismillfl~. .A~3I4o/J(production)l¥J~lIlmJ(U. '. ~. ~a~~AM~.~~~'W~a~A +&a91'iiJ~m(an inviolate personality!. 0. ~~~~&~~~B~A~~l¥JfAA~ ~o~M~·m$L~~~~~~.fA. " ' .cJ&~~l¥JmJjt!JQ:fi.mfiiJ Warren ,:&Brandeislitjtmlli • -ftfffli§ • *iI~ 0. LB~m~A~~~m~,@m&m~. ~*~~.~~.~M~Ao~M~a. w~·~7~m~~.~A1'n.m. ~;~ft.R.~M~A~.,.A~ ~fi~~~®.Am~,@m,m~fl. ~.~Ml¥JmJjtom~.".1'.~~ .~l¥J1J~·~~~m)(*,~M,. .,.~ • • ~;m~""~1'.~~. .A~~l¥Jtt • • ~m·.~.~1J~ ~7t~mJjt7. 0. ft1.ft~m.lf:mJjt¥.&g~~~~. ~~.l¥J.fttt • • a.r.~m~ JJUtt~.l¥J.m. • Warren&Brandeisli. m1'.~,~m~~~~.~~1'~M ~~ml¥JfAA~~ • • ~o~.l¥J~.. (peace of. mind):?"~~IIl¥J.1!i -. -. ---.. -~---. 0. .1&. ~R~~~·1'~a~~.M~~mW. ..:::.. " Prosser 69 ~ *Jf .&.fo]f ~ llt#'J 19601f: • ~Warren&Brandeismm fA®.fA.~~701f:®ff~ •• Prosser a.~~~&*~~'~~ili~~.fA "l¥Jff~ID.&D&:. 1. ~AIm 15-a9~&t(seclusion or solitu. de) , .;ltfAA.~ ; 2. ~ M1m 15- IEfia9 fA A. 1( (embar rassing private facts) ; 3. 4l-1m15-~$fl.~l¥J~.EIJ~(Publicity. which places the plaintiff in a false light in the p:ublic eye) ; 4.m.15-l¥JfU~ • Ej 1m 15-t'£tj.~ftg &tmfU ProsserlimCooley~'Er r 1'~T. ®"ftJ ,.~L~M7L.~~~" 0. fTm~Ll¥J.fU. 0. Prosserl¥J ~5:ll ' m~l. '. ~$UBlousteinm)(. ~limProsser~.fA.:Vf.~m~. 5) Dworkin~lM*~MmHm®JI;.~ • ~:ll!:PJ Warren&BrandeisJl;• • fA..fF1f.t~ft~tt~f8f9ll J!Dworkin, R., Taking Rigbts Seriously, p.119 Dworkinjtitf:Uff~JJj{.nU.lliiT~- J{ , 1f.t~:*1fjf9llJ#G -~lIJ1fJf§U~lliiT~lMEB • ;tt.JS.Jij.~:*1fJf9ll~1fJ~lMEB:fffH*~~J3U " f§U~Warren&Brandeis mlli.fA..~~.~~~~~·~~~~:*~.~~®~f9ll*tt.;tt.JS.·.~~~.®~ 0. 0. f§U~~'S'~*m:Jg.f.MI. 0. 6) J!Cooley on Tort, 2nd ed., p.29, 1888. 7) J! Warren&Brandeis;rutlX • *XPJTi3I~:ll!:J&.~Scboeman, F.D.PJTCPbilosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, 1984, pp.75-79. 8) J!Warren&Brandeis;rutiX • ~Scboemanmc;ruti• • pp.79-82. -299~.

(4) ~1\+Il!1Wl. ickflt.iFHt lJi~f.I~1:iW:~I¥J*,ftl. • :Ml*ltiiWarren :&Brandeistl1!ili.fA.~ • ~;1trl~A~. ~~~~~.~-~A.~:Ml~~~~ *~m.1:I¥J2JSf1( emotional. 1¥J~~~m1:o:MlR~~lJi~m~1:1¥J. equanimity )·ffij~~~• •~mtt:&• • ,~~;1t. .&f.I.~·~;1t~ • •U1:• • ·~. .fL~~~~ffij.~m~1:I¥J.~·fu. x~~~~~I¥JA~~~~1:m~~~o. ~E8~Att• •~4UI¥J~*. gtA~mAjjjr&I¥J¥1fffij1!.~:&. ·~1!r3lffl ~~~~~JMl¥Jjj~~lUl.1!r. 0. Blousteinmf.i~*1:g§jj;:C~tEW. 5E1WAtt(individuality)~. , !!p1!!m~~. tiDe May v. RobertS¥f.if§!l :. ¥.A~I¥J."oMAl¥Jjjjft,~:&~. ~1!r~~A~A~~~.~~.1!r~~. ~tE*m.1f~~~~.·~lIA~E8. &A~m. 1Im. tO. •. 0. ~~~.y.1!rMfll¥J~*. :&• •tE~;:C~~I¥J*Jt,ff1iJA~~. 0. Prosser~f.i~~:Ml*~iV~JME8. • JJ!~~ A ~ ~ fa ~ (trespass or battery) 1 1 Bloustein}ttl m f.i ~ ¥ ~ 'B tE Warren:& Brandeism;:CJ1H••fL.M'ft..~oo:m ili~. JMl¥JiI:lfW&l&(search and seizure) ,. M¥1f~:&~*,~1:I¥J~~·~mr.. m~A~~~~I¥J*.mtE-~lIA~. 1!rmr&~~~~~~~·.A~f.lA~.. , ffij~Fm~.1§= Blousteinti Boyed¥'4:&Silverman¥ 15f.if§!l , ~m~. 0. ff.~A~ffl!A~,OO:~~·AI¥J~Ao $.1:,A~~.~I¥J~J!Jit.o. .~~~.1rJIE.;:ctt.If:iSc1M~~. EEI¥J~~. _#~.~~~~¥·.tEffijft~l¥J~. 0. J!(some real and pressing necessitY)J 12 De May:&~ffl!A~I¥J¥-T • miW:~. ~~~~amili,~~.1rJIE.;:C~A. I¥Jftl~~1I1If.i1iJ ? Bloustein~f.iProsser. 1¥J."·~lJi."IE~.~iW:~~EEW. milif.i rfl.~~fi!~.1§=(intentional infliction of mental distress) J 13 ffij$ _1: • Blousteinmili~~tEA~¥1f* •. ~~I¥J*Jto~~mili~~.1rJIE.;:C. :Ml*~~~.1§=~f.i~~~.offij~1t. iW:.fLl¥J~~~ ~ EErrt.I¥J~*. 0. 0. J!I¥JJM E8 tE~ Prosserl¥J JMmfB'$ii. 7~. I¥J*Jt • A~JJz:~lIAtt(demeaning in dividuality) .~!-1AtE#.l¥JfI~ • ;;. &m~~a~.*~~iSc1M~~JMA~. ~.If:ff1iJ~~JMl¥JiI:lf·~aiW:.fL~o ~~,!-1m • • ff1iJ~~JMI¥JA~~a 0. m~~~.1rJIE.;:Cl¥Jmg¥1f~. :&iSc1M'BftI¥JA~·flM~~~fff.iA ~¥1f.:&fAA. ,1IiBlousteinmf.iil:Ml. 9) J!Edward J. Bloustein, Privacy as an aspect of human dignity, An Answer to Dean Prosser, New York University . Law Review, Vo1.39, pp.962-1007, 1964. 10) J!De May v. Roberts, 46 Michigan 160,9 N.W. 146 (1881). 11) J!Prosserru1lX • l&.1i~Schoemanmli • • p108. 12) J!Blousteinru1lX • l&.~SchoemanfrJ1I.pp.156-Z0ZB9p.163-1641St~Xtt59. 13) J!Blousteinru1lX • ~SchoemanfrJ1I. ' p.1641StProsserlW1Ix • ~Schoemanmliru1l• • p.124. 14) Boyed v. United States, 116 U.s. 616, 630 (1886). 15) Silverman v. United States, 365U.s. 505 (1961).. -300.

(5) .m.&M~~~"-~~.~.~~. J\+1L~+=~. 1'~~~.~*fi~~1'~o.~m~. t!'wmiJ;g.w(defamation). ~.k.X~.~L~~~~~~m~. ~,~{lMAAm1'~~t!';m.;g..~. A~*f4:~~~~@. If:~~{lA;g..~tft(impairment of repu. tp16 ,. ~Olmstead*. 0. 1Jj{1S'±51~ma:J&~EBliel&~~. 0. ra~.~.. ~.xo~mft~~~~ • • ~g~7. tation) llt9f. ' JW~~FlfUI!~1'ft~~ 1}fm(unreasonable publicity) ; ft~~U~ ~falsity) tl[]Warren&Brandeism~ ,. 1Jj{1S'~±51,~~lie~1'~&~Ao. .~.1'm~lf:1'k~~m~~A~~,. Holmes & Brandeis&: Jj Brandeis ~ &:. ffif£IJj*~lf:~fBim~18. mNJI~iI$UfJF~. ,. ~~~&7~tggj*~. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~.~.~~. ' llt*40~ZJWBrandeis~. t!'~.f4:~,~~.1S';g..~tft,.1'. .~.~x§~~Am1'~~m~~~. ~~1Jj{1S'~1}1t($ • • m.;ffif~R.. §m~*~~,~~~~~~~fi~~. 7t~.1S'~A~~m*1'B~~~1}~. M~M~.mA.~~*~~.ftmM,. *~oitlltffif~,1}~1}rm~.~.~. .~~~a:J&lie~.~m~.~k.. t!'*~.~JW~A~*~,~~+.A. till~.ffl". xllftz""f. 17 0,. ••~~m~•••-{lA~~A~~o. Blo.u_s~~ei.n.~ 1960~ttJj~.~.~. 1}1t(1}rm~.~.~t!'Wtft.;g.W. ~~~~llt~H~~~,.~~- • •. ~?J-mIiiM~~1}rmotft.;g..~~. ~~~xo.~~Ma~~ft~.~.. ~&~-MA • • it~ft,1}~1}fm.. ~~~om~~~k.XJj~EB~~~. tL.~U~.~$lJ¥.*1t(~1}fm(mass. ,. pub lication) , ~~F~.&:~~II(breach of confidence)• •ft~~.$ Bloustein ~jfm~l&~W1t. (communication)7t. ~~.~.~.-~tpM~o~~~.. rm,,~~M.tL..~t!'~.~~~o~. ~L.~.~~~. MA.ml&~(ij':fI!31~. ~~~.~.±~,~~~~-~.~ ~~.~,~~m~~~~o~m~M. ,. EB~~&m~~.~ • • ,~M • •. Bloustein~X~~.. ~q~J.p.~*~$lJ. '. ~~~~~~~. 0. ~aft~. ,. ~U~.~.ft. ••M~Az9f.,$~.~~. &M~.~.~""f?~~~,~-~a. g • • • •~~-mA~~~.A,~. ~~M. .~~l&~(ij':fI!B.~,. 0. *xt.l~IUIM~BlousteinJj. • • ~~.A. 1ts Prosser.~.~?J9f.= (1M pq ~m~~. ~*ro.~m.~~tftt!'omA.m~. tlttrJ. l&~~• •~,m~~~~~l&~~~,. 0. it1}1t(1}rm(public disclosure )~. fA.~.*f4: ' Blousteinag~Prosser*. ~~1'~,~~l&~mA.m~~.~. ft~~Warren&Brandeislii7t.~.~~. ~~~.&:o~{lA.m~l&~~.1'. tal{!.g~.~~~m.ff. 16) 277 U.s. 438. 471 (1928).. 17) ~Blousteinrutl;:C • ~Schoemanmrtl • • pp.164-164.. 18) ~Blousteinrutl;:C • ~Schoemanrutl • • p.168.. -301. '. ~rr1Wjl(ij':.

(6) m1\+Jlgw:!. a*ttt¥f!!liflfir. $ , $1IW~g.ff: ' ~U~\~~f;j*1rt1lJ. ~~~.J:~m·i1tt1'~m~~~~. ~,~.~.~.~~~;~~~f;j. .J:1f~.·oo~~m1's.mJj{.ft. =A~m'~1'.~.~.~~Wog. *~~Att#.~~~o¥A~¥*~. t1 ... IJ\.J:m!il~~~~m. ~~z~~.~.&~~~~~·~~. • i5j~~tI '. ill~1'.~~A.~.~~W;ill$~ *~nHp. ftff1¥J *T 1VJ.*IfJ:~U l' ff Jlt HI 0. ~1¥J.".~J:~~~¥~~~lli.f;j ~{mIA.&~S~. ~791&/J\.~m!il~m .1f&~~.*;. 0. ~ ftf!Atr£~ ~ ~. ~~.~~~~~MA.~~mm~D. *.*•• J:mm.~MA.&~tttt ~*1rtti •• A~~OO~~~.WD.. fU ¥ 1F~ mHl~ Itu 0. 1rt•• ¥1F1¥J1'~~·~~.~OO.A tr£~~~¥Jj{ft~~~~~~A •• ~ {lW;oo~~~m~m.m~~MA~. *~~~*~ft~·~~~~~~=&. mooomAm~~m.~01rttt~,. •. mZ~~01rt. ~~w~.m~Aft~~mB~*1rto. •. •• m~~~~W;~tr£. =~*.~~.~~~~~~~~.*. ~~~"~¥mm~~~Q~OOMAA. ~ft~~n.~~~~~~m1¥Ja.1f. ~~¥$7tft.~20. 5JU. '9. 0. Prosser.f&- Jj{~.$1l3fi-~. 0. f;j~Prosserm7t~.~~.~~. L5{,*~~.~01rtm~.B~~~ljigm. . Bloustein. i1-~ll3fi~n-Jj{~L5{'*tr£~~~ft. Mll.-~ ft!!Atr£~~JlfU ~ljigmProsser7t~1f~. 0. i1~~Tiim. J:. 0. ProsserOO01rt.~E!J1rt. ~TI:~m-.m~~mProsserOOOOA~. ~Mftm¥A·1IWm~~A.-ftA· OO~~Jtm~¥Jj{~JlIl.Dfl~~.,*. ~~iL5JU".. ~~~mM~.~.·~H~MA.&. 0. Bloustein~milJ.Q~Tf;jL5{,*m~~{I. ~~~W~~~·~~-Jj{.&.~~. W~*.·~#~tr£~~~ft~m~·. w~~m. oo~~mAA~". •• ~.WD~-ft. A~tr£~.~.~1'A~.J:ft.~m ~~~.o~~Aoo~·~~~~~~. m~~~~.ft.~m.~ff:~~w.. 0. tlDn~. , Blousteinljigm ~ L5{. ,*tr£~~~"~-Jj{~.ffm~L5{~·. •• ~S~o~~~~ ".~m~m~.f;j~ •• &S.~f;j ~ ~Jltm. · JtU~01rt~~.n~EP~ ~~~~f;jMA. 0. . -ftmM r~~ ~~.fU(right to publicity) J . .~ •. ~~tr£~~~".1IWiLWZ~~·~~. ~1f~¥@~~~~*~.~~~~.. W~:1J~1f5JU. ~. 0. ~Blousteinmlli. mA.fL~.fU. W~f;j~·~~L5{,*OOA 0. Bloustein~*J: ~. 0. 4imA.1f.IIJj.il:ftf!Af;j~fM1AA. •• ·~~~. 51 ~. IiI. m $. 1m. .~tt.X~.il:1'~~~~~~&~~. 19) ~Blousteinmr.3t • 1e'SchoemanlW.if • pp.168-173. 20) ~BlousteinlW.3t • 1e'SchoemanlW.1f ' pp.173-178.. -302.

(7) .$ .. .m.&.$~~H-~~~~~~~. J\+JL~+=fJ .fAfI~~~J~JW. 0. -~ffij~. 9. ~~¥Uf1lW. ' JlU~~~~1;k:J.E22. ~~~$&*~$~flff~ti~.~fI. ~~.~~~~~~·~~.$m~. ~IE.3t~mjj$ffTfilt. 0. Bloustein~lft. ~~~ProsserOO~.$..t.~fl7t~~fI. ~.m~,~~~~~~~~$.,~ ~~~.$.#~~$ZOO.~fI~M ~~$tIl~~-lij{JlU-OOAA~~1iJ ~~BZr. '. tf2..Warren&Brandeis.~. .~~~f§ii:o. Bloustein.Wm:~~IJ.n&~;ii ~~$,~~~~~. ... ~~. ... ~~~~. g~m.&&~,&~~~~A.~~. 00 A&ltW~~m.m( confidential infor. mation ) ~ $ ~ Bloustein:Ml 13. • W Learned Hand$1!tE-~1fJ1;k:tp , ~7 .~&.* •• ".M,.~.~.~ §W:Ml~~~~ •• ~mjj$~~otE Reitmaster- ~ 21 tp , Learned Hand$ 'g it jJ lSi. • n ~ m $ ( Federal Communications Act)m605.~m. ' mW.~~$~~~m •• ff,ffi&~ 0. ~m~~Tlij{~&.~m*.oft.·. W'. *. ~ j!- J:. 69 -i- Jl. Andersontt!tW2A~If.~fI~~. .~9cJ&~23. 0. Prossertt!t~~~.~. flpgfi ' ~J&~~~*lff~$••24 , ~ .~IJ.~fltE~*lff~$..t~.~o ffiAndersontt~mW. .~,ffitf2.~m.m. 9. B~~IRAmijl. . ma.~~~ffi,. ~=:1ffti~~,.~fltttt~iJ&.o .~.~flM.~J.E:t.te+7t.,~. Mr~WMA.~:1f~~MAftam~. f1IW:aJt J. 25 ,. ffi"t2.~~.~1iJ.1l«lt. 7~~~~~~ • • o~~~fI$..t~. • • ~fI • • tp~~JG\. 9. .~M • • ~. A.m;.m.ft.XM#a~. •• o. ~M • • ~A.m.~~~m~fti~tf2. .~~o$~tttt~~~~~m~,~. •• :1fB.~~~~,.ffT••:1f :Ml~A~~.tt,.m•• ~.m~~ ~m. ~~$111~.~26. 0. Anderson7t;f1f~lij{~. , 1t9G~~1f. A.~m~.~,ffi~~~~~~,~. mi;$.~:Ml#1;k:J.E&.fI~1;k:J.E{£(.o. BlousteinR6~aJl.m. -=. ' Et ~ ~.If.. 0. OOAA~. ~1iJ~m~.~flm~~~ft~mtE,. ~.tEA •••• RZr,.~"~~. M~~MA.~o~M~W&. •• ~~. ~~~.~ft~m.,~~.A~m.. •• m~~~M&~~o~~~m~~ ~~.a~.ft~~~&~,~~~8. 21) ~Reitmaster v. Reitmaster., 162 F.2d. 691 (2nd cir. 1947). 22) ~BlousteinrutlJt ' ~SchoemanmlimHI. ' pp.178-191. 23) ~David A. Anderson, The Failure of American Privacy Law~Basi1 S. MarkesinismliProtecting Privacy i*Jt. ' 1999 , pp.139-167. 24) ~Restatement (Second) of Torts, § 652 (1976) , ;&AndersonootlJt ' p.140. 25) "One who invades the privacy of another is subject to liability for the resulting harm to the interests of the other" jtRestatement (Second) of Torts § 652A (1976). 26) j!Andersonrum3t ' pp.139-141.. -303.

(8) i&jd1~!J~1t. m1\+lmWi. ~M~~m.~<>m.~~.®~~~. .~oA~·~m~~&~*~fl~.. ;. ~~.~.®&.tttt~:m~~~~. ;It!lf~'G\®~IUm1FmifiJllWfA.~~~. ~.-OO$&.*®~W~~~'OO*. .~~~.,. .~~'~~~.~,~$~7~&~. ®~m~iJo. •• ,.~m~~m. .~~~.~ft®. •• ~~ ••• fl~A~. .m~~tl!~~7.~~.A~. • fA®~~.ff27 <>. •. M:,~~~.~AM:#.®~.~.~. .~~i*~::f~®m=oo.~~i5j. .~.#mo~.¥A~.,fl~-OO. ~~~~::f~~o.~~~&~~~::f. ••ffOOW'::f.*M;fl;lt~AOO~, ~a~~*®~~ ~ AI\lI~~m~ · fi ;lt~A OOW ' ~a~~~~~liJ .m~. .~~®~~'~~::f.~.~*~~. 0. ~nOO®~~<>~~;lt~~~,i5j~tt tt~tJ(ti®~~~. 7t~~.~. 0. , ~PX5fil?!HM~ <>. n~,~m®~.~~.-~~~®A. , ::fftD!Ji~JGtd:*®. ~tt*m~~~,~~.~.mm~~. OOAM:<>. ~~~ff.m.~~.*®~~<>~OO. ::f~®~. •• ttttfl~*~~~A.~. .m®~~tl!UJ!~.1!F®~.mJm. ~.::f~~®~M<>::f~®tt~,::f~. ~~~. ®-ftA,~::f~®m~,*~,tt.. &-.~~.~.7tT~.~~~m·. ~ft~OOAm~~fllW~~~::f-.~. ~~~~,~~. M.<>~~~~~::fg~~m-.~ffl. ~.~~~.7tT~,;lt~~®~~.. ~~~o. ~.~m~~~*.~~®~~o~~. m~*6*~. , ~~oofl.~.fb'~. ffiftttt~.m®n~OO1Fm.M:®~~. 0. Andersonmm ' ~-.~T7!P. •• ~.~om~~~. ~~.*~~~®.~.~.~.,~. <>. .m.m®~.$7t~~::f~~®~~. ::f~~.A.g~W~.~~*~~.. ~tp.~mJJl~~8 ~~.~~~*~. !lf~®i*~·~~~.A.~~~.®. ~_~,~;lt~~m~,tl!.~~ffi. i*~.W,~.;lt~~®~~o~~~. @29 ,. ~~::f~~~~mpx.~~®ff.m.,. .1!F'.~7~.~~~~§~.~.. OOmtt~~mm~~.~o~*~m~. ~~~~.!IIW30. 0. .R~.5M • •1!F~~.~~®!IIW. 0. ~~I* •• ~.~~®~.~~m. ::f-.~a.¥~~A.m®~~,m. ~.A.~~®~.~~~~$®~Wo. ~If{~~fl~. m•• m®~~*apx- •• ~,~. ~~.® ••• ~,~m~.®~~a. ~~::f~.~~~~®~~om~DJJl. 27) 28) 29) 30). tta~~.ff.~••31. ~AndersonHutl)( • pp.141-148.. ~Cape Pubs., Inc. v. Bridges, 423 SO. 2d 426 (Fla. App. 1982). ~ The Florida Scar v. B.J.F., 491. r ~~~c.(public record) J. 0. U.s. 524 (1989). 0. flIJlAndersonit~gri~'J$mUf®fIllt' • ~J£Hum)( • pp.148-153.. -304. <> m~~*E~~.

(9) .~.&M~~.H-~~~~.~~. J\+1L~+=FJ. ~ tEa1ln)E~n.m1}Ml~. ~mm~~.~WoA.~~~~m~.. (Freedom of Information Act, ~OIA) Z1l~X~.~ •• ~~.1}~~.~ .~8~.*o •• FO~~.)E7~M ~fi{E~~~~.~2 , m.R1ft±ftafa .~)E1}Mlm®~.*r~~~ •• ~ ~~OOA..fA~!f(constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal pri vacY)J 33. ~~~~Lagm.,m1Jj~~~~~m. m}U. 0. :&ft,~(8;.~m-.~1E.)(-tf1,. .~~m~~,m~~m~.~ag.~o ~.~~~~.~§~~ag.~ffi~~ ~@~o. a~.mf-l-ttag*&,. ••f3.JJi. {Ett1t,OOA..~.ag~~,~~~OO. IHJtilt. 0. .jfijjaJfftll~r~~~~~. m.mf-l-tt.~,.ff&~.*. ,. ~iI. ••m. z~~mA..&tttt~~.~~~.!fo. ~.~.M700A..&~!f~~fto~. m1&~-OOA..mft~~!ffJ.~W.. ~&~~~~~~.)E,ff~m.~~. -OOA.tEilm.mWtt~-tf1,.mng~~. court records)~. !f~~~~~~.&.~~~~,~.. 1}Ml~fg~~2.(open. ~~~~~~!f.~~~.ffo~~~. SfJ1&14 ~ 1}Ml~fg~2.~P.A.~~ ~'!f1tfJ~lIifii~N:lI~ ~ ft *11f (self censorship)B.(Ji::tJng34 0. .~1&*fE~A.tt#.~.~~,~. 1fX1i!14~$lJmlll!~~m. 0. Bezansont!df-fJ!mlfilfd:1tI!.z1l ~ m~.~.~~~,.14~.~§~~ L~-m-.~iI.~{. duty of confidentiali. ty)~.OOA..~ag~~~~5. .m1&~OOA.fJ1&~~.&~~~~*. 0. Bezanson~;tmlfi~/fIif:1t~~100. 4'-,#mOOA.-tf1,m~~#mOOA.~~. ~~". ~ 100~mL:I:~~.Mjfd:1t. .~~~~mA..~om~~~${E~. m~.~tt~~.,~~~~~,tt~,. ~~.~~~OO~R~~.L~m.o. ~1t~om~~m~m~®if:~~~X. ~X~$~$.~~ft,~ng~~m.. ftfi,~~~)(~~~.~~-m~~. ~~ftA.~~~~)E~~~~=,~*. 1f~~~jESX~~~~. ~~o~~~~~7~~~~L,.~. ~mB~.m~,~~~fiW~~agif:. .~&A.~~m~m~~*~,m§.. 1t,A.~{E~~~tt~,m.oo~~x. . 1JjP.AProsser~ggm~lIag. ~*~~'~~~~~~.,ff)Em~. ~~.f9jL. 0. ' A.. l00~~I!. ~. 31) jlRestatement (Second) of Tort § 652D cont.b • !1~M{1§-1:.r.s• • Bjlil1}3t~.=i ' oo::;tttiB ~*1tt:Ml~~$..t~jfff ' 19lJ~W1:.E3 ' fIIM~a. ' t:E.~a. ' ¥.4~.Mi~.tfttfi*a]. iim~ • tJ1Stll~~~~~a. 0 jlAndersonlWti:>C • p.153. 32) j!5USC § 552(b)(6) • OO:MA.~ , A.1St~1J;tii[JUII!~=!E5itrJ1}Ml(mandatory disclosure)ZJU 33) lfIJJ:if 34) jlCox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.s. 469. 496 (1915)1StAndersonlWti:>c • p.151 35) j!Bezanson, Randall P, The Right to Privacy Revisited: Privacy, News, and Social Change, 189()..1990, California Law Review, Vo1.80, No.5. October 1992, pp.1133-1115 ~m.lft:>Cffijff~lilwashington and Lee*8J~ 8J~~:m:1StfXflo 0. 0. 0. -305.

(10) i.t*~.IW.. ;J1\+IlYWi. ~-mm.~~.~~~*~gr,~. ~~~~.:MlH#m.~::tIlOOA~~. ~M.r.inr1im.. .~~~~~~~*om.~~lft~~. 0. Bezanson~t!&Schoeman~JtM36 mhJ.Privacy~tt"im~. ,. ,. n~~~m·1i.~~m.m~m~,. Jt3&F.i.~.fJf. ~~~~~~m~*~~-~T.1i~. ••r.. ~~g.~~@mm.~~~~~OOA. ~~.~.~~~~o$~lft. I!mJ!{if!AmW~3ttt(intimate as~oci. ~m~.~F.i::t.~ • • r~-m~~. ation)ffijf!~ ~~~OOt'.:E. m.·ffij*~~~~~J!,~~~~~. 0. ~lft~*IDlHm. zr·.~.~~~~m~-m~~m. •. ~m~·ffij~.~~-OO~.,~~. ~. 0. 0. Bezanson~l~a)Hitjff!mtf:HI- •. ffijjlJ!ttHIa.~~~$*,8&Simitis. ~~mmlli. ~A.~~~~~.~o. Bezansonjf(Jt3& '.. ••. 1f1U!ft~~.~~~. ~.$.r.~~~$$·m~~.~oo.. ~ft"OOA.~~~~~~M.,mM ff~~-~~if~37o. *. •• ~~.$~f!~~-~ *:m~~(learning process) , 1Pl~f*~1I=lJ. Jf9. 0. ~" -k~~~LF,t~Aa9*. Bezanson:Ml 2t ~::t ~:!t1jt 7iS ~ ~. J.!.. ¥~·mmlliff~mA.~~.~~~ *~~.~1~~.~~. ~l&~~.~::tIl~glllJ!ffF.i(intent. ••. ~~1. ~7~*.r.~.~.~~~~~;~~. and conduct). :Ml~.m.J!~~f(~::t 1I~.~ft .. g~z~~y~olft~. ~~OOA.~ • •~$$.~~~H~. oom~~m·~~~~.$.~.~~. ~jf~~A. ffij~~01m~8. '='Jl~~~1fJ~. 0. tllH': ~ fM~.~.~jfd:'" r:p • iji fmI A.~~~~::t~F.i.~::t.J!~mA .~~m~zOOffi.~~~g~·~. 1i~mmril!tAndersonffimlli$1f:g.~. ~~~~o*~.~~m.$.~m~. : 1965fF:Griswold v.. 41 •. Connecticut 1973fF:Roe v. Wade 42 • tJ.»'1977fF:Whalen v. Roe43 • ~A~~ -ftJt3&F.i ' Griswold~:lL.$.fk 0. .#,~.~m~.$~~·:Ml*~~~. 36) J[Schoeman, F, Privacy and Social Freedom, 19920 37) J[BezansonJifTi5!rtt ' A Ian B, Vickery, Note, Breach of Confidence: An Emerging Tort, 82 • Columbia Law Review, 1426 (1982) • &~IilLaw Commissionti~.ie*fi®~f$~i!r • J[J£JifT:Jfmmt3t ' p.1174 0 38) J[Bezanson1W1I3t • p.1174 0 39) J[Legislation and Data Protection, Council of Europe, 1982, p.20, SimitistJc:tttEifM• .r.®ttif 0 40) #~Schoeman, F.D., Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy, 1984 41) 381 US. 479 0 42) 410 U.S. 113 43) 429 U.S. 5890 ~)mtE~m.~$~*$~OO,~~fftE.$.r.~.~m·.~.~~~~~.$~.®M~ Iit~(zone of privacy) • !ru~Aff~~ • f}:;?JU1!:~~.®iI!UA n~~*~ftflitWhalen-~ 0. 0. 0. ~~Mo. -306.

(11) ',,. .m.&~W~~H-~.~$A~~. J\+:tL~+=F.J. t:pm~i1Sw. Ji::45. ; Roe*Jttls I~.fktl*. g±.19ltl~j!. 0. ~®M~9~~.fk~~~~mMA.. Douglas*~gml±i~~.~~1E*. ~®~~,~~~mMA~~Lm~~. :>cm~~l¥J~**lfU:ff~~(penumbras. JE'tI9 I€ ± ; Whalen*JtY~.iA.fk*lL. ),~~*~~m~'~~7~*~~~. .m~®~~,**.~~~~~.iA. frl:&.ff~~" ~tll]m~~.:;rf,(*1}1L. ~~~~~~9MA.iA.fk*l~~tI9. fk1L~~ • • ~l¥J~~~*mJi::~.~. ~~~~,~~m~~~L~kMA. *·ffi.~m-:&m+I2Y~~1E.:>C~. liiA PJtgl¥J1St~ , JtU1LrEY3iil¥Jm.L§t Jltl46 ". ~fW"~~~~*lfli49. 0. .. ~ ~m~.:;rf,(.. ~~~.~~m.l¥J*I"~~~-M~ .:;r50 ". ~NAACP. v. Alabama51 _** '. m.-M~.~ttl¥J~~~.~~~.,. - "' 1965-+Griswold v. Con necticut. ~~~fk~.~m-.~1E*:>C®", ~.~~".~~iI&J&l¥JA~o. Griswold ~ :ff rJIJ .. JIJ ~ Sl 1i'l (Connecticut state ).iiJ~ffliF}Z.86 .. IHo/.J ~ I Ali47 9 ~:& 1'bJJJJ fiB Ai!2}zl¥J. ~~*~~m~~l¥J.fklii~(zone. A~oL~A±~~~~~~&~~.~. i!2}zm~·ffi~~~*~~~~i!2}z.. m+I2Y*~1E.:>Cffij~~. **~:&-~rJIJ%,nr~~~~. privacy)z~52. 0. of. m~&l¥J#!~~k~ffl. • Douglas*~. 45) ~~ft!m.Jft~~~~~IJ.$m:m:~;lt.i'96$WJG~~JE:~J.l~.(fJ19IJT 1II&• • $~IIl~ 1!(fJ::f13AUI • J!Griswold-~tlJ~Z~ , ~1il.i'96$WJG~Ul::f.lalflrHI J!White, E.; The Path of American Jurisprudence, J&~~~m*, Patterns of American Legal Thought, 1978.pp.18-73,:;t;ltpp. 41-48 %)*Xm.&$~(fJ~M,~*~OO~~~IJM&.~.$~~oW.$.&.~~fi~~~. ~liI1$~:W-~*1fJE:J! mt#-~Gerald Gunther, Individual Rights in Constitutional Law, 1975, 9th ed. ~~The Revival of the Substantive Due Process for Noneconomic Rights: Privacy and Autonomy,pp. Z14-254,~MGriswold&RoetE"!"513 W(Freedom of Expression)J!.&.~fjf~ • pp.761;876-879; 892.,893 0 .Jft~ , ~1f-§m3l:~9f~19IJ~M&m~ • J!Ralph A. Rossum, &G. Alan Tarr, American Constitutional Law, 1983, pp.701-733; Paul Schwartz &Joel Reidenberg~.$.&.tlJ{§lf~$;eg. : MrrtM& .. rst~.&, .$meg.fJJ1E.:>C&fliA.& • J!~m*Data Privacy Law,1996. m 0. 0. 0. 0. IlYjjto 47) General Statutes of Connecticut (1958 rev.) 53-32. : Any Person who uses any drug, medicinal article or instruments for the purpose of preventing conception shall be fined not less than fifty dollars or imprisoned not less than sixty days nor more than one year or [both].J!381 U.s. 479. 48) J!iWfI$$54-1%. : Any person who assists, abets, counsels, causes, hires or commands another to commit any offense may be prosecuted and punished as if he were the principal offender. 49) J!Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510,1925 SO) J!Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.s. 390,1923 0 51) 357 U.s. 449, 1958 0 52) ~iW~.$m-.fJJ1E.XPff~$;.&~1Il~{§lfTZ~ • Douglas*$'EU~fHfUI$m.::: .fJJ1E .x~.IttEfllzp:!ffm~mni~1t '"' ~~H ( '"'in any house H ) . ~~F~¥Um1fA~IRJ. ; meg. 0.

(12) i&*1*.~it. ~. ••~®~•• m.~.§®;w~. m7'\+IlYW]. ~mn.~~.xa. •• ~~.&.~. ~~~~~.~.u~~~~®-~g. wm~.~®~mo*~'g~~~.$. ~.~~*®n~T~m~·~~~m. ~~ffl~~.W.~~:f.liA~~®. J.ij{Jl!f3 .~~5i;H®if~$~lft~ Goldberg * ~ '8' ® ~ 11 Jm EB If '. ~~. 0. •• o.~~.J!la~~~~.X.. 0. ill~fi®n~J!I~~~.~~~B,m. ' DEli. A~~~,OO:f~EB*~'g.~&~~. **ffi.&®.fflffl~m~*~OO~~. N~~mn.~~.X.~~W:f~~. m~m~g~®n~·§m7A~~.. ®~.~.~ll~;;'~.~. Warren&Brennan*~'8'9.)\~¥Ji!. ~~~®.&.om~." •• ~*~. 0. Stewart*~'8'9.)\m tf:l.lIi~Wi!qz. .•~~~~~.,J!I. Xm~~.~&~.M~~.XZ9·. ®~$ff:~~~. ill Goldberg~'='ill:*~'8':f.fiXDouglas. EB.fflffl~~ft~fi~&~o.ffl~.. *~'8'~.~.~~~.Xffi~~~*. ~~~ftmfi~~~~~:f~~~J!I~. .®~.,~li.ffl~Wif~~.~.. ~®~Q,~~~~®~~ft~iJ.~. .®~m. 0. Goldberg~*~13"DEli~.~. ~.~~®rJjQ. 0. Stewart*~13"i=t~~. ~.®.&.·~~a~EB.~mn.. ..~if~.m+~.~~.X®~~. ••• ®~. N~~m**~~~.,ffi:f~lls~. ~~.xM.·~a.ffl~. mo. OO.~.~9·mtf:l.ffi~ ~iJ.~mn.~~.xm~.~. ffift.®A~."·:f. EBo. •• m~M~~. ftl!A~ffi*~®.fU:fff:~.~¥IJ@iil. ••• ®~. Griswold*~~~ft.~~.&.. ®:f~~tt,~7&~~~.JmEB*~. 0. · m~~~.x ~*.T*~'8'.mA.~a •• ~~ fU®1J1t · ffiJJ!liil "'1ll~&A~®.m.~H. ~~~~,&~JmEB~~~~.JmEB.. ~~o**.&*~~Mg~9®-~. , Har1an*~'g&White*~13" 9.)\fr51U1Itf:l ~ ~ lIl!l! EB Harlan*~'8'aA~m tf:l**1!IiI:f ~~~ •• ~m+~.~~.x®~~. Goldberg~*~'g5iwm. .~*W •• ~~*9®.fi·J!I.a ~'5!m.~mn.~~.x. · t.A.~~. ~®.&.~~~w,~m~~mo Goldberg~*~13"®~.JmEB. '~. ¥!JBlack&Stewarfmill:~'8'®%l?'!~. ®~tf:l,~m~~~~Mo~700~ Goldberg~::::... ill:* ~ '8' 3t ~ 11 tf:l ®~.. l!I!EB.~. 0. fi~~~o~ • • ~®~m~~~~,. ffi~ifM.~m+~.~~.X~.~. 0. Black*~'gDEmGoldberg*~13"ilm.. ~®~1J~:f~'~~. 0. Har1an*~13"m. ••. ~~.X~8~7A~~A~,~~~~~~~~~*&&~®.fU;~li ~.X®~ ff A~.~(Self-Incrimination Clause)~7Aff"l-fiflIUfil~~~:ljUil&J&~ffij$lJflfJ ; ~:tL ~.xJ{umJ£.$ijf.jf-:®£*.fU::>f'~m1em"~ftMlfU®[email protected]~Dl 53) J!Douglas7d*:tr$l±1NAACP v. Alabama, 377 U.s. Z88, 307P)'M~~lJiJ!{J{U 0. ••. 0. -308.

(13) }\+1L!f.+=F::I. .m.&.w~."-~.~.m~~. ili.$m+~.~1E*Jta9. f3 Ef3(liberty) ,. .$~~~~~.fA*'. '. ~~~~~Jtwm~~~W$.Jt.~. :?e1"~*Jtl'" -~fff~. , Stewart::k$W. ~.Jta9~*m.~~.Z~of3Ef3~. ~Whalen. .$i~Hf'a9~/G\. , Ef3P]$M"a9{$rtJlit. ~U~~i!rd]. 0. v. Roe-~a9Ifl.1Af.J!I!Ef3~aJ3~. mW,~~ff~-~a9.$~.~~,. ~~~$,$W~~f3a.a,m~m. ~~~.$~~a9.~~~o~m@~. JJiW$ffff1lrea9lf&.o. W$~~a9.~~~~~~~*~z.,. A;~*~ffiI!P:&a9.ffl$$,;1tEI. ~.¥mZ~~~~.1E. II.. 0. mW;1tffi~~W$~~~~.ffi~,~. ••~~.Z. ~~J!I!~,fH.f4~t-Ja9fMl!o. , J!l!WIIt.<coherence ):&~~( distinctive). Rp~~mpJ.JffJiiJlflmrJ~.ttf.fma9. m.~iI. Schoeman1£1ft~'.~a9~J!I!~.~. ' .1'li$$~Jtm~2Jza9Jjj{~ ,. ~~~~mftm~a9~~OO~~g~,. Pfij)jUi~*~t-J~1W5. •• ~~W$m+~*~1E.Jta91E.. ~.~±~~~~*~Ia,W~~a9~. .~~~4. White::k$W~~;1tIfl.1Af.J!I!. !6M~m.~a9±~~Ef3 •• ~.~a9. Ef3~mW,.ffl~.~.~ffl$~:&.. •• ~a9m~om~.~~J!I! ~~ma9~*J4 ' 3tJta9&.tERoe v. Wade~~I¥J~~.l:56 ~.~ZJ! ' •. 0. 1ItJ(a9~!6mW~. Jjj{U~~. mft~$~*J!I!~.~a9m~,~*~ ~_. 0. ••Rm.2Jz•• ®•• tto.ffl. 0. •• ~~,~~••&. ~iiJ~2Jza9$$§a9~.~~.~-W. &.~®.~,. ~._ttf.fma9~~o~m~.ru ••. Z~a9g~,~Am~tt.m~~ma9. ~a9ttf.fm,~.fflm~$$n.a9EI. ~tt.,.f4~m$~~~A~~a9~. .o~.~.~&.W.fflm~$$~. i'!o. ~~.a9~~o~ti~B.~f3Ef3a9~. Roe v. Wade~~~gamrJmM:l$$ a9~.tt~momM:l~ •• ~~:&$~ ~ijrii!~::k~. ' ~~*Jtfffmjl~ ,. .~a~.~*.1E •• ~W ••A&. f3Ef3o. =- , 1973-+Roe. ~mM:la9~$~~', ~~~.~a9~m; ~~. v. Wade. Ef3~Iaa9f3Ef3iti.iW.I!I~mffm. , ~U~fiUAf..l'"a9.~ Roe~.2Jza9ff1f~ , ~~,*Jjj( 15-~. 0. m15-.ffl-~$~,.m~. $~a9.~.,B~ru-~fff~o.1!I. •••mtt. 54) HarJan*$1J13J3Il:f1!!1!WJtiE'I'mJ¥l¥J:Ji:*=tf fl'fIIJrffIE1fmJ¥ • ~Wffl~ , "$~~A B!M~.~;1tft!Hlftlz.¥ ' 1&.1i1'~m* "$W~(-), 1985, pp.ZZ7-Z71 :Mt:$~*)(n ftRoe v. Wade-~fl'lIIIllIfL~~'±IIIIf*l¥J~M ' P).:&.Henkin~3tl¥J)(jJ: • Privacy and Autonomy. Columbia Law Review, Vo1.74, pp.1410-1433. 1974. Harlan*$1Jl¥J".OEt ' IEf*Henkin~3tm.± ~=tf ff£Henkin~~~J!~A ' J!13J3Jif1 ' ~d$.r~ , 1t{;!"$$$.(constitutional jurisprudence)J!ff!f1t • m:~B!'±"j&J!W-i¥Jm~ 55) ~F.D. Schoeman, 1984. Philosophical dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology. p.5 56) 410 U.s. 113 (1973). ·. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -309.

(14) m*+IlBWj. il&jd*.'Ht ~~~~m~o±~~~~~~.o~. .!f.;!~j..~ru®Griswold.. n~~~~~~~&.$mn.~tt.. ~N~. Xffij~.. 0. Blackmum*~~±~'b'flj'iij$. ' 1*WfflE. ••~®~.%tmto~~Doo~u *$~~~~ , ftl!:tE~-flRoe.*,J~1EJ. ~~ft~~·~~~~.~mm~~~. .~ffi.*·~~~ffi:tE.$l:~a.,. ~·~~~~."~~~tio~~.~. mte~liI.~ru~mfi~~ffi~~~N. $~~m~~~~~~~.~·~~~. ( ~ Blessings of Liberty'" ) , ~.=.~It~. .~H~(embryo). . n~%tmt~~~. 0. *••W~~~~~.&.~m·~~ ~~mmY~,~m~.~~~~£, ~Wi1. ...~~~(procreation) , ~~~~. *ff l:~7.JU. 0. liI*~~~~J3JI~~:tE. ¥-~.a~~-~".,.~~$m ~. • • ~m:tEAIt~tt~~~~o. ®~.o. m-~~±~~mrJ-mA.~.,. .... fU. ~~&mtt~%tmt~~~o~~m. fU~~IiI.~m-.~tt.X~~ Stewart~~~~~~J.t®.fU. ,. ' 1i~i9tj. ~om=.~ffi~~~,U~mA.-~. *~*a~~~m~ffi~g,~~~,. Blackmum*~~~~~.~mM:fr~=. .~,~~,~~,~&~~~.~T. .·:tEm-m=:fr~-~moo~·$~. ~o~~~*.~,~ru.~.~m. m~®~~&~~ff~~ffi.~~~®. .~tt_X~~~~IEJ,L'!~.~m. uma~;:tE*~.~®m-m=:fr~. (police power)~lfJftilJ m.::::JI'U~UlI1/t\OO A.•• ~A.~®~ffi,~~~ftl:®~. ••®~~,. -~M~~,m~~~$m. ; .~~~ff~(viability)~ ~57 . 1i'!mj..~~~~~m:{£~~ , mmrJ ' ~ffij~~(proscribe)m~ , ~{t(g1f*,J mmrJm~. If · $m~~~••~\~fil~ .1i~~~m~®1ffJ$. ~~~~.~&~ffi~ff~'~~~~. ' mHl~ r m* A~ mWJ fU. (compelling state interest)J ®M~~ , ~mftilJ®~*. ~(loaf). 0. ~~.~.~*m. 0. 0. , m~~~.. Stewart*$~~mRoe.m7tP&®. ••. ~$~~ffi~te-~~*a~,g~~. ~·.ft~~~~$mtt~®.m. M~~·m~~~~,*~ •• ~moo. 1*lAlIrJMM~~~*. 0. ' ~~.&~ftl!fU. ·. ~§~.-m~. •• ®~.o~~~.. m~~.-m~~~~.®~~~~,. ~&.~m+~.~tt.Xtt~N~®. m~~~~-m~~m~ffij~. ~*ffijil.o. *·~. ••. ••®*. ~moill~~~~m~m~. Stewart*~~.*f!J:JBmteRoe.. m®MM·.~.~~&~~~~®~. ~~~.~~~~.~N%tmtte®Wff. ~,~.&.1f*~·:{£~~~M&~. tt~N~*,J~58. 57). . Stewartry:jlim~7F~Roe. f!PMi'5G(fetus)flffmm::a~T'8Z;;.~mfJ~. ~®~Um~~~~7tt.L'!~®. ••~.A.IMWJ. TiJfJ~t@:rum::mZ4~ , ~410 U.s. 160 0 ~)flg.fitt~N~,~$~m.rumxo. -310. 0. •• o. f.JmtlMi'~m7f1Ji (Z8~) ,. -tP..

(15) " .M.&.$~~H-~~. A+:7L~+=~. •• ~~~. ~~® • • ~&~~~~®~$.~~. m~®r~"J.*~LfiAm • • •. 14m~1f*ljtl!l~~-Ji.~@F¥. m:ltk • f?f!~~A~®ffa~A/c.\ *xmllji®~/L\~1I • ~jl.~ ®• •~~ • {£Roe~r:p • ~7JU.~~. White*. 0. ~ g ~ll {£ Rehnquist *. 0. $1§r. !))\:tmA®=1'~~~J!i!EBr:p. • miliRoe~® ~.{£~~~*~1f~$~ • • ~.®. m~~·~Nm14£~n~,~~m~,. ,. tf~. =1'#./J\~. ,. 0. ~~®~M~~~~=·~.®~~~ ~Roe~.=1'~&.~r&l1I. =1'.g.~®ff1:l~J!i!. • ~Rehnquist. *$1§r®,&:f;JJ1!EEm~~M. 0. ••. EBm~o~~~~~~~~~~ftffm. ~~Roem~&®mAIl*tk:)E. zOO·~~~~~~ff~J!i!EB·~~~. /fIfA®~.m&. fU '. ~~(whim). ,. 1I~(caprice)m~. •. {£.~M.®W.L.~~~~~®~. m{£ ~ $ i!. Rehnquist~ a ~~,&:f;J. $. ~. 15 • White &. 0. 0. ~~~Ji~\~. ~~tl. • {J)\JI~. 0. HenkinJ;:~~?g~.fA(privacy)~~. ~(autonomy)®Iiii7JU. • .*~¥rJ.1f®. mjio~R"~J!i!ffi·{J)\*f;Jmmma. *~1f7JU®.~. • tlili~it®~)E59 IE 0. .&~~~~®W.·~EBft~@F¥W. ft~~¥·nm·{J)\~1f~~.~A~. ;JF~~*,J~~)E. ®• •. 0. Rehnquist* ~ 1§r ~;;'{J)\tI ili~.&:f;J. ;£*L.H~~w~.~.m. ~~.~A~(intrude). W~~77m~. J!i!EB·~~~~~~~~*~~&.~. ~.~mifjfj(regulation). .=1'.om~¥~~~~-~.~®m. ~=1'~~~,.~,tt •• 77~~~$. mm~~o*~m~)E®r.~J. L®m~~~*;~Il~®.EB~A.. .{J)\. 0. ~mm.~1f. good)ZOOf;Jtfi:®ft;JJ.t. ~.~m~.~~.x~~~~~&~. fUWi}~*(public. ®~ffi1f~*®m.o*~~~~~®. Ilz • m~!))\1fm.60. 0. Henkin.*tlililll~~ ~ ~OO®~. ~)E.~~~EBft~~)E.~~~~~. • • ~OO3~W~~.~®~~.~~. it~~·=1'~mili.E~.®~~r:p·. ft~(judiciallegislation)W;JF.$m+~. 1l~®$~~{£~~1f~.~.~A~. •. ~~.xft~.~®~)Eo~~fflB. ®RJ.t· • • ~A~"~i}~*OO® •. 1f-mm~~L~~m~®$$·.~. Wom~~ili®.~~.@~.&1f.·. 59) ~Louis Henkin, Privacy and Autonomy, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 74, pp.141()"1433, 19740 W)*X$~m.~~~~~m~~Etlo~~~~~~~zOO~g~~g·W~~~ZOO~.~ *!l-OO~t?i:;tUl.~~m 0 Jeff Weintraub Jilmllill9.~1'\EJ~.~n&~ : El3jft~miiJi~ ~m$OO~III1~ ; ~~5~mlilj6(~Wd:M~m$:&fjj6(~~OO~IiIEtl ; ;it..- ~:&A.~Jltlm iiI~.Wd:.1i.:&~;lt1lJ~~~x1t~m ; :k1i.::t.~JlU~*J:.IiI7t~J!~~J!Z;;,~m$~j6( ~~}y.: 9 IDeff Weintraub, The Theory and Politics of the Publici Private Distinction, ~L£~Krishan Kumarffili ' Public and Private in Thought and Practice, Perspectives on a Grand Dichotomy, 1997, pp.1 4Z.~~~~~.iti{t).m{lA7;R:~~~~~-=f~ ••1**~j6(J&$ttJ~;it"-~., ~m; III~ JlUm::tE~N~=~~~$7t. ~M{lAW~FM.-7t!¥~1lJJtZJa $#!A~iW~. Jttl~lt!fj 0. mX{'F$#!A~~M. 0. -311.

(16) m*+LffiW]. ajd~."1ft . Bta-g-7 r 13 EE (liberty)J W r lE'M (due. record) • ~~ , ~1!~2. '. ~oc~~J ,~~~.lli.A~13EE,~. i&1ffm~~·ti~~~OO·ffMA~~. !e~i&1ffm*,J61. M·.~~~Mo;K:ffi1g~~~AJ(~.. 0. fffM~. , 1*'~A201!t*C. ~m·H~~ff~m·~~~13~W~ ~7~~.~~~oH~~~Wm.~. *.~lE~m~. ••~~·*~~~~. M~maJJ. '. 13 ~F.fl,.~~111 1t(;K:~. • ParentJ,~~~lh~~$~ 0. ~3!I!.fl,.~~~.~~ft~o~~~,. fl~~*.~~* • • ·.~fff~&~. •. ~.~.~~.~&~~=~~~*~. &Roe~63m~~~~A&~ @! EEffij~FI'@. ~tl.w~ii*m7El!~~. fl,. • ~.13 ~lE~!e~~~~*,J(absent from external constraints) , Parent ~ 1ft. • ~U.i&~3!1!( con stitutional jurisprudence )1gmIWfl,.W@! ::t~.jj • ~.1[J!Ik.(coherent)~fl ~·Wti~m® • • &::t.i&.~~ii* 1m • tFJ!tJg1[lffJlW>2 0. Parentt;:~~U~.fl,.""f7 -.~~. ~ ~ ~ ii jff. @! EE W. fl,.. 0. Griswold. ~.WhitelStHarlan~Griswold~~~~. 3!l!EE~,lE~~mlli~~~&~~13EE. ~~~~~m·.~~~.~m+~. .lE.X~lE~~~~~~¥U~W. ~~ •• ~ • • fl,.1*'*~~x~~~A. 1[;JU~.~m+~ • •lE.XlE'M. condition of not having undocumented personal information about oneself known by others) MAJ(m1*'mfd:.~~ltm~ 1JlrE.J~~(~7tiID3:&: ' ~A~~~) ;. ~~m~lfi\l~ @! EB. ~~.A8!.If.W~IIHtf!A~~~(~~. ~~1iImI§1~.~x1[*if~~o. J(m~.ftYA~~~#j\tm(the. 0. ItA~~.~A~~@!a~~~·ffi1[. A~Ufl;K:~~8i• •If.. • ~~~A~~). 0. ParentmW~M~~2.(public. 61) j!HenkinlWtlx ' pp.1414-1415. ~UJi!:.$m2Y.{rJlE*X-g-3!I!~:tJl. ~W&~mm~offij.fk~.~~.$. m-.{rJlE.xffi1*.~~13EB~~~·. M~~OO~~.~.A.fl,.~~~.R *Xm.Parentti:~~.fk:W.~·. :ft. • 1[;K:JU¥U~. ~o~tFmllim~;K:.fk~.~~~. x~.AJ(m~~~r*~~X~J ~ISN*,J. _ ·. • Parent~~.fk~1*. a)HE~~( distinctive )1iIm. 0. 0. ~~~~7~.1*'~~lli.1[~mtt~. o. 6Z) Gunther~if$JlffGriswold.&Roe~jl1i • • IE~'-iF1~lI •• j!~m~ • Individual Rights in. m.:::.. ' m=e '. Constitutional Law, The Revival of Substantive Due Process, for Noneconomic Rights: privacy and Autonomy, pp.ZI4-Z54 63) j!Parent, W.A., A New Definition of Privacy for the Law, Law and Philosophy, Dec 1983, CoI.Z, no.3, pp. 305-338. Parent#il.l£;lrt:ftf!~'f§!f • ttDEisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438, (1972) • l3:i5-.~flJhl::*~~ ~fIl!jfHI2p.IiI~.~~ti-$~. ; People v. Privitera, 74 C.A. 3rd 936 (1977) • 1JDffl..t~~1rIt11j ~1JD1fl.ti-mtl.~.fl,..-E!:tIS&f.iEmA.:tE._.""f • ~~;tt~ff:nJt~.flj ; Ravin v. State, 537 P.Zd.494 (1975) • J!i1J~Wf1JDftii5ti-IrIt~1i~fl."~~.fl,..iiiltk. • -E!:tISf+!;.RXA.:tE~fIl!m *.~~~ j!Parent'OOtiX • pp.313-316 0. 0. 0. -312.

(17) J\+1L~+=F.J. .m.&~~~~"-~~E. ~40~~9~~.W~~~~~~-~. ••. ~~. .m~(Kant)m~aA67. 0. Dworkinf!{1f~*~.~.fF~A.~. .MZ~o.~~~~~~*~MA. m~~~~~~~~~MA.~Z.1. ~~,ffi~~M~m~&~_~~.*. *~~.*~9~~~.~~~MA.. w,jtiili.~~"iU• • •~~;~~.~. ~ffis I~fUm ~ IEJfI~. ~~m~(territorial). *M. A.~~.It. ,. ~~J!:bil~~i1B. ilH"MA$ta'i(profile)~. n.A~"iU~R~.W.·m~~~*. m~O~.hre~Z~9m~MA.M. *;. ~~.~J.!~~11(confidentiality). ®~mR~.~~~~~~~~.#M. ~g·m~A~.~~~~A~~~~. A.~Z~~,*~~.~~~-~~. pq~. • ll9.Afr1~.j!~arailWt(pol. M. itical. conviction).~A$14j. f.j(matching). 65 0. 9. lirf ~/J\eWhalen~M~"iU p).~. ;. ~~.~. ili9~~.~~~~~*~m~~m~. JtU.jtiMA~~::E.(sovereignty over. llilEl.. personal decisions)69. O. Parent.~~.~m=MrJjm. ' JtU. ~~.xiR:~ ::E(autonomy)~~A.~M. i!1'i '. lEtlfJ.!Henkinf!{1f~Jjtl. 0. 0. .~~~~::EX.~.~·.~.ft~ ~*1fJf§lJGriswoldil1z:.. 0. Parent. Roe~mt!P &~. .fU~m#i(right. 0 ••. Dworkin~. thesis) • ~1!1fJ~1*~~. • • Gili~WW. ~.$A~.~·~*"~B.~~.. Roe~~m~&~~§~~~~, {§.~~. ~·.~~.~mm,~w."~~~. f!{1f~~.~W~~,. .~M~::E,~::EM~~,~m~.~. .ftl~::E5I~. ~-~~MZ~oi!~~m+~m~,. .70. m•• &.·#*~mft.~o~~,. ,. Roe~1fJ~~itm~?&~. 0. Friedf!{1fjti ili '. ,. m. .~.-W1ft. ~ ~!n~::E. .,.~m~~1*~~.o-MR~~~. ~~om~ • •~~~.~~~~~· :tr1l~W7 51t.~~ ~ ::E 66 ; Schneewind. ~~A·~~m.,~ll9~.~~~~. f!{1fjtiili~::E~m~~.~~~W~~·. -respect)~.~~. Gerald Dworkinf!{1fjtiili •. l!.nf.~A. 0. #~(respect)!n~m(self 0. 1Il~~m~. ,. ~~. 64) Je.ParentlWtlx • p.309 0 65) ~1&lJe.f9¥ ' m~~Helen Nissenbaum, Protecting Privacy in an Information Age: The Problem of Privacy in Public, Law & Philosophy vol.17, no.5-6, 1998, pp.559-596 66) Je.Gerald Dworkin, The Theory and Practice of Autonomy, 1988, p.14 0 67) Je.J.B. Schneewind, The Invention of Autonomy, A History of Modern Moral Philosophy, 1998 68) Je.Dworkin, Ronald, Life's Dominion, 1993 tEJltzlW ' Dworking~1ff.£XJttJTRoe v. Wade~ • Je. ~m~ Taking Rights Seriously in the Abortion Case, Ratio Juris, v.3, no.1, March 1990, pp.68-80 69) DworkinJlt.ItI:±;fI(sovereignty)-~ , 1PlEBi&:HfiID~IiIJt0ft~ • .t~~J.!:t;.5:fi.f.£~$ , J{utml&l.*~JlHHz!l8;f11J~I!JJt~ • .n::ffij.~A.ffl:±#ll'i1lJ ::f~ , MlflDworkin1fr1tl 13:± (autonomy)-~ffij*:±#1 Je.DworkinlW• • • p.53P...t""f 70) ::f[UDworkin#lftl1!l!iItf ' Je.~m~ • Hard Case, J&.~ltmli • Taking Rights Seriously, 1977,pp.81 -1300 0. 0. 0. ·. 0. 0. 0. 0. -313.

(18) J&*11H'lWft . 1::: i!: A !1Q. A it Hi IE 00 III ~ ~ ~ if 71 Capouya~m tflWlfkMt~F111lWJ ' 1:::i!:tt~. fk!1Q. ~ 3::~m~~• .t.~liijjU ~~.~.fk • ~RP.m.fkffii~ , Bfl~~*~mtfl~ • • $m!lY.~~. 0. 0. ~~$~,.~~m~tt~~~A~o .fki!:~JiIEoo~!f(positive. good) , 1:::. .xg~~~~*~m~·H!.~~~ ~/Ll4. ~fd:~l&tf;lt*~~mBi¥-fd:~(com 2. munityf. m:t\+IlYWj. 0. ff£Schwartz&Reidenbergti:mm. tfl'~7~*&flm~~OOZ~'~~. 0. Etzionij~ tfl ~ E lU*m 1m *~IE * &fkAZ~Wlfk~.~m~IE~~*~. $ • •5.t. ~llJ1ttg¥lJjfU*~.:1:: (deliber ative democracy)~~. ' ~lttti~fd:1IJ ~~~ • • m~&N~rr~~~M~A. ~o.~,.~~~E$~~itHi~,. .m,~~~~.fk~~~offi~~~. ~Jlft ' RP~.:1::(autonomy). ,. ~tt.fk&N~.fkz~,~&~A~. ~. EB~~~~~.:1::(deliberative autonomy). X~~~~*~m~,i!:~~!1Q.A~~. -tl!tt~~A~m~(private. iI- Jlll.ffij~ ,. choice). 0. Etzioni5!iUltt~H!~. ~IJ. '. J{U$~~tti:ll:.fkfU~&!1Q.;ltffi. Jt$3(~fU~zf&. .o~~$.m!1Q.m",tttt.M.M. ' tttt.tt.fkfU~75 Decewti:mi!:.:1::5I• • • fkg.~. ~~~tift.OO,Mt~ft~Z~ofkA. .fl~~~oD~~ti:mmtfl,~~~. ~.t.~ ~ EB. ~~.mtfl.~.~~~~T76. i!:~~&$.~,~~~.~~m~~. tiny)Z~. • H!~i!:Md:~~it.(scru , ~ ..itHitfl* tmffij~Z ' ,. ~. , A!1Q. EtzionHI?Uittfl.. J{UH!~fd:1t~. A~ttZ~~,,~~73. 0. 0. ~~mJ. $~~~Hi.t.,*~$~.rr~~~~. 0. .fkm~~~~,~~~!1Q.N~~*; ~ .:1::!1Q.:s~m~. 0. , EBjDitUlfU(the right to be let alone). itHitfl.fk.~~m,!1Q..$~m.t.·. ~EB!1Q.~.:1::~~.fk.~~m,~~~. 71) Jf.Charles Fried, Privacy (a moral analysis) , J&.~Shoeman, F.D., Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, 1984, pp.203-222 • &Charles Fried, An Anatomy of Values, 1970, Chpater 9. 72) Jf.Emile Capouya, On Privacy and Community,J&.~Stuber, F.&Mooney, Michaelm-Ii ' Small Comforts for Hard Times, 1977. pp.9.19 73) Jf.Amitai Etzioni, The Limits of Privacy, 1999, 74) ~~mHlItBloustein, Edward J.. Privacy as an Aspect of Human Dignity: an Answer to Dean Prosser; Parent, W.A., A New Definition of Privacy for the Law; p)'&Amitai Etzioni, The Limits of Privacy~Jt&mrRJ 0. mA.. 0. ~ito 75) Jf.Paul M Schwart~Joel R. Reidenberg. Data Pirvacy Law, 1996, Chapter 4, Constitutional LaW''&Paul Schwartz,. The Computer in German and American Constitutional Law: Towards and American Right of Information Self.Determination, 37 America Journal of Comparative Law, 1989, pp.67'>'. 76) Jf.Judith Wagner Decew, in Pursuit of Privacy, Laws, Ethics, and the Rise of Technology, 111l, Origins and History of Privacy, pp.9-20. Decewtt:J!m-!'IHf.J-wti.:r • ~ : tl@$!ffi'l" ' IfJl!'J1ffit!ifH& • 13a~?lJl ' JL~J~.~~fii ; !ffimWftH!l¥JlI,,$ , tf.J\liiJ3U~n(polis)~~M~ , tnl~JJ! ; ffl.3'l1¥J13?&ffllIit$ , tf.J\~1}:ffMA:~~A.MA:mliljt • {l~jl!l¥J~1IA.I¥JJl.&~jJm-& ~I¥JMA:,sstlll~~ilo. m-• .. -314. am.

(19) J\+tt.~+=F.I. .m.&.~~~M-~.~.~~~. mRI¥l7 Decew~:if'::t:~.fJd!-:Iiti ftl ' ;ft~~-:IifU~(interest) tlDJft '. ' Jl,*.~~fd:.~frll¥J!fta ; OOAfff.& .. ~~.~m~~~~~~~~~~,m. ~~~a~,~~~:if'~.~,~~~. .~tm"~:Ii.~.1[l¥JfU~78. g~;ftOOA,:if'~~~ft • • frlo~f.&. 0. 0. 0. lr~f.&.~l'-M!f •. ~~Mill 0 fd:.~EE~MilII¥J::t:~~l'. ..tl¥JjE.· Decew~JlSchoemanm::t:~ , :m:j!IIt~ fd:. 11Wi (social dimension)I¥J Jl. :if'. ~~~~~.~1Jffijfff.&,-ue:~~~:if'. ~~OOA~m*~OOI¥J~~~~,IIt~. .~m~~~f&A~tt~&n.~1J1¥J. I¥Jn.Jl.~~~A~AZOO~g~~. ff~ffij~~o~f.&~ • • • ~~~M;ft. ~o~~~ffi~nWi.~:-nWi,1It. ~ ... n~&~*o~Jft,~~~~m. 0. ~~-:Iifd:.~fIjIJ(social. control) , ~tlD. f3EE . :if'J;.tt .. :if'~::t:o. m~Zl' ,Schoeman::t:~~.~ffi. *fd:.*l1Jmm~. , ~~FtlDMillm::t:~ ,. MA~M.~,~0.Wia~.~~,. ~~~~:if'~.~f&Aa~ffijfff.&l¥J~. a¥1[@~m~*I¥JM~ • • ,~dn. ~;ffij~~~m1[~~~ft • • • ~~. .~mA~-:Ii~*o;ft§I¥J~:if'~~. • • &.~,~~~~.~Mo~EE~ #.~~f&A,ffij • • ~&.~&m~ ~~~I¥J • • o~~i:!l. • .dt~.~.f.&. MA~~&~~I¥J~ffi;m&I¥J,~. :Ii~.m~o.~~m=m~.Wi~, ~mfljlJftBAf;fMA~1l.(access). , -ue:~. , OOAf;f~ al¥Jff~tllJltfl¥Jjtlt(wide discretion) ~. mfIjIJ 1l fit I¥J lit fA 11 ~ mAtt (indi viduality) , ~f&AI¥J~tt(association) , ~~-M~l!!t(domain)Zpg. 0. .t:.A&mA~tI:\~a~~n~I¥J~1J ~.dt. '. f;f~OOA1lfIJl¥JmfljlJ. 0. '. ~~F. 1[~~n.l!ljjlfr79. 0. Decew1! tI:\ :=:Ii. ~ ftl ~ I¥J pg:ii : .mllt~ . 1lfIJ.~&~~.~ (informational privacy, accessibility priv acy and expressive privacy) Decewm tI:\. ~ 00 - ¥.J( ~ Jlft tI $; 0. &.$;m~.~~.X~.~I¥J~It.. m~~.OOA~ft·~f&A~@tt*;. ~~~mA.mZ..t·.d.~.ml¥J. m&~,~~MA~f&AI¥J~tt~&M. ~*~/L". ml¥J~~lI~~~I¥J~~~OOo~~m. ARm·~~~0.~j!o-mAI¥JB. ffij~ , Decewi:!l.i.£f.&Schoemanl¥J.~.. ~~~. .. 0. ~7 0.A4o/J • -6:AI¥JM. MA~~n~. m. .. M~. ... ~~. 77) lltI5Decewtx~aA.Uti ;tt:~Ely, Henkin&Parent~tx~7f' Ifij Z.!& ' Decewr611m.UItx~~~ ~®.&• • ~.~~.&~~.~.~&~~UmA®.m&~~ • •~~~.&.~~ FfflII/G~. iB.UlIEI~J}jGElr±Jl·lsU J!Decew• • • NarrowViewsofPrivacyDeveloped from the Law. 78) jiDecew;rotlffmztr! 79) jiDecew;romff • pp.67-73 Schoemanl1~lIm-F.*Ifj*.!f.tx~ , .~*X~.ij rm® .&.itxlf: • Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology,~=1f~J1t.Decewtx~ijrm. ~®Privacy and Social Freedom, 199Z,. m=-::. 0. 0. 0. -315.

(20) a:*~~~ifIfB. M1\+t!YW:!. ~,&.~~~~·~~~~x*~~·. ~I&~m~~~~oMAa~~*~L. ~~Wm~M~~E~~-.~·m~. ~~~~$~. .OOA~M~mm.~~A®.m.H. -~,fi~OOA. (> Decew.mltlfA ~B.-tll.®Westin~ ~ ~ MfAJE.f§ 1& Westin:W-JEMlfAMOOA ' lI!.~Ul. -tll.H!~~.fAA~~~-.~o1it~,. .~~~·~~~JE~g~~~~.m. ~~~m(>D"~~._.~n~R~. ~~, ~[]~P.A&1£~fBlI1pgf$~~A80. g~~,.~~~&~mn~~~m.. H!1it~¥U~A~i~HI. 0. 0. ~. , .~~.~m~g ~~. •• ~mm~~WH~,. •• ~~~~a~~:W-Am~~~,. fimm~=1I~~~~.fAm~~~~. fiD"~~ •• mltl&~~.&~~.. ¥.?J.~•••fA~.~~m81. lliijo. fi•• fA1£~83fi.1IAP.AI&~1I. Decew ~ ft~. ltlfA ftl ~:Ml:1F m_ ~*~~~mff ••• Zr~.~~m. A.m~m~r~.m.fAm~·fifi. ~~r~=ftpg~'WmA~.m,fi. •• &~~m.~fi.OOA~~~(>fi •• fA~711A1£tt.mfBft~fBlI1pg. .&•• ~=-Mf§H~ •• ,.~~ JEflglJ••fA~B•• H!~fi~ (>. 0. .M·~~.Afi.~fi~~ff.o~. R1IA~~.~m~~mR·~.~m ~m~~~~fiflj.fA~fB~~lI1j~~. -=- " 1977 -+Whalen. v. Roe. 0. ••fAftl ~~~ =- fi~flg ••m•••&(>ft•• fA~~m •• ~.~~83m~~ff ••• ~1IA •• (self-identity)&A tt (personhood) (> 11 A~JE••~6j(t!;1tt.~.ml1J~flg1J · Decew~. ~m1lA~Am·H!1it~~.*~~, ~1J'~~~(>1IA*~~.I&~~I& ~,m~~83m~~-~,-tll.mOOA~. ~Am~m~g~,m~OOAAm&~. 1977~_iJl'tliflj~R1fj~~Whalen. . :m:_•• ifIj~~gt1im • fAm1'Fm.mrfi~1fJ~ (> ~~~&1972~mr-J;ii •• m3m~ ~-.;1iJi.~ , mr-J;ii1972~.~t!ftfJ ~(N ew York State Controlled Substances Act of 1972)83 (> ~~.1J[1~t!ftfjl5J~mt: v. Roe-~82. ~~~~*.~~~*.~.~,mJE m~H~.fB~.~~.n,H!1itmm r-J;ii~}JUEIJR~'gn.m(official. '. form. 80) ~DecewiwJI. ' pp.75-76 o ffii3IAlan Westin~.fl,.5E. ' ~~1JT* Privacy and Freedom, 1967, p.7 o 81) ~Decewrum. ' pp.77-78. ~mi3I~~flW:Wil~j~~ : flgmJJi:i~ , Griswold v. Connecticut,381 U.S. 479(1965), Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.s.438 (1972), &Roe v. wade, 410U.S.113(1973) ; fllU1~&txW ~ , Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.s. 510 (1925) ; flg~m:1J:it~ , Loving v. Virginia,388 U.s. 1 (1 967)btStanley v. Georgia, 394 U.s.557(1969) 0 82) ~ Whalen v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589, 1977 0 83) ~197Z N.Y. Laws, c 787; N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 3300 et seq. (McKinney, Supp. 1976-1977),51 IS 429 U.S.591,ttl 0. -316.

(21) ~ .m.&.~~~H-~~~. J\+fL1f.+=fJ. 'g1J~f3.J!*~~rm~.1J~.fi. •• ~~. 9 tf!~~.~~.tliU( dispensing pharmacy ),.~~M&• • 9~&~Att~,~. mf!~.~;~~~mA~~OO~rq].. ~&[email protected]~~Mm~m.. ftlm1ii~t:p~~Mt(central reporting. St$r~. systems)~{'F1*. )84. 0. 0. ~$r~#[email protected]. ~om~~m.M~ffli.,~~~~. fiMl~~Ml1J;~~~.~~ • •1Jo. .~M.@.~'. ••. *•• ~ffi:&.. ~1¥i*~~.~mt-J1ii. '. 1972• •~~ifjlJ1*(tJ.rfmMff1*). ~~~~~~~;li.~~f3.~.mo. 0. ff1*#f~~.~M~dli.:m. m=.. RA.M.~~rm,HR~~.~ffl.. ~~~IfE.1J~tfj7!lZ;;f(heroin). ~r~'g .~Gl1tA.ftgffft.lm@ifM. ~~~.1J.~t:p,ft~~~off1*m. 0. ;. :(£~n~~f!~*~~Jjj{~~-ff. ~• • • ~~.1J·~rm~:(£1§r1Jf!~. ~mff~OO~m=~ft~~.~~~A. ~.1J~;-.rn.fi~ff9-~rn.. :&rm.m~.~~.Bffl. ~~ff. :±~mt-J1ii197. '. ;. -.f{U~Mm~1ii • • •. 0. rq]. 2~.~~ifjlJ1*iailff~m=~.~fMA. -.1J'Rftg•• -~,H•• ~~m. ~m~~.~.n~~~~r.fi~~. ~30SR~~m.o. AM~~.1*~.~.~.~m&J~. ~~~.~OO J3 mt-JlIi• • •l&¥lJ. :&~.III~lZ;;fm~;ii1972• • ~~ifjlJ1*. [email protected]. ti~m- • • ~m~~r~~J!W~~. .m~m~(sorted). .~J~~Aiailm~m~W,.~~. j2(logged) 9 MtEf3l&.~"~~;;'-OO~ ]Jtl~mOOB2.~mm(magnetic tapes)tJ. ~ • • • f!I!o.~,[email protected].~~l&.. Jjj{ ~.i!~*~~fAfTl5. 0. ~ihl:~1*~jfEmB!lJ{~~1fJ#c. 0. 9lifL1(code) , &Jt. Stevens :*:. 1* 'g • • 7 1* ~ ~ jt M 9 Brennan:&Stewart:*:. 1*1§r?l tH rq] 11: f!I! Ef3 _(concurring opinions) Stevens:*:.1*1§rtt;'c;nftH ' .~~@ • ~rq]~ff:(£~1*:&~1*m~'W~ftg Ef3~1*~'if~mtrtiJ~1*m~ , 1970.m. • •1&• •fF~(off-line) 9 !!D• • ~;;'. t-Jffl.*d~-OO •• *~~~ffl~.. ~.~.~ftg.~E.eft.mo~rm. ~W.1*o~ • • *~. m.~A~~7t~U~ B~~ff1*:&mt-J. 0. ••. fflW.~~. ~9.ff:(£~~.t:p. .W~.1*.. mo l&.~Ef3iHi:~.**.nl. .~~MC~~. 0. ' MtEf3. ff~.1J~mm~Ufif~. X.~.Tt:po~@mT:(£~m~9. •. Z.~:~~~~m~~~~m~*~. ••• ~m~m.~,~&~~~.~. I~~.1J;~~ •••• ~-.1J~. -.tJ. rtE~J~20005Gfr1~. 84) nUal!~. D. 3§.*~.. , ~m~+li197Z1f.I!~~ftJJ~m• • (J(Jm=.I!~(schedule II) • fil.t8f1Jt(opium)& ::lt~WG~(opium derivatives) , iS~.(cocaine) • :ti:~FfH!trr(amphetamines) ,methadone&meth.. aqualone j!4Z9U.s.593 , S5) j!4Z9 U.s. 5S9, Syllabus 0 0. its. 0. -317.

(22) i&jd~.f!Il!t. ~1\+gyW3. :gfllHftAU1JiJi6. ffgfi••~ ; 1ft ?i- • 24:g~itA~ ffg3ij\ .Imi~ff~it .1Jj1f~ ff$${ff2400 FJ ~ • It:lJitj1f. •• ~~5E~~ta:ofll:~A~.~~. ~1fftEPJijfiI~it~tpfl~ffl. $~OO~,figfAA$~~.~,.~. *,J~ • 17. PJijlJi.fJ,.fUta:~~ff$~tft. Stevens*$g~tl~1!~. 0. 0. Stevens*7*gM~*~1r.~. , EE. ggOO1JOO!liliJtmB~~~$.EEo. · it0MOOA. .fJ1gA*AlUnm.~1Jl:~j1fM,m .~ff7*.1J1S~ru~~~~offi~~~.. ~;t, ~ti~n~~milimf91t1:tE. .. 0. ff7*Jl1J1S2000 F:1 ~ • ~ff€m;tt~.m. milfJ1gA.7tl¥J&\~ Stevens*7*gm ili ' :tELochner~mf;M86 , illJtW65E*. 1J!JEt)'lI1!f$$mt5& mLochner~Bfl 0. 0. ••AU •• lUn*~&ff7*~.fj~ .~~~;.~fJ1gA ••• lUn~&ff. ~. $;~&.ff~j1fMlUff€:tE~$~~l: fl~~~~m.oit.$7tOO~,&~. ff~•• lU~m~~~.m.~$.·. ma~~·ff7*~-lJt~~~,~$.tt. mt~~ff$~ffMoo·.~mffl~W~. l¥Jft$~5Eo~R~~~ff.~ ••. ~ffl.1J1S.lJi.~~~OOoOOffl~~7*. *. ~~.m.m~.~;tt~ffl~~.~~. @~l¥Jm.~ff€~~OOAj1fM~~~~. ffi{'Fl¥Jm.. l¥J•• &~,~n~1ftOOR~OOfJ1gAm. 0. m~fJ1gAl¥J~*lUffg~WJ~~{l£m;. ~~ft$lI1!f~5&olft?i-·~tiOOA.. ••. ~.~~ffl7*$l¥J~ff·~-lJt~$.l¥J. M.0Mm.~?i-,.mnm.~. •• oillJt~*n~$.~;M~.mlUn. AUA•• -"~ , Stevens*$g~~.W. l¥J~$~t~~WJ~~~~.l¥J~ffl$. ff7*.1J1Sru~~~*~~·~R~~.. t ffltA!trJm;~.~~ifp(distri bution)~m:~fUta:ffg1[fj •• -lJtff~ tA!.1J~l¥J~5Eo~ •• *.,ffllU~ ~EEft$fi~W~.lJt •• o~n~~. ~~*~*~~~OOAj1fM,~ti~tt. ~~ffl*n!lilim~fJ1gA~*~~~OO. ~~JE~~ti.~tiOOA.fA~ft~~. ~5Eff~.lJt~*~.~$.m,~lft~. ~wo. ~J. 0. ~:P. ~fJ1g~~,~~~~~,~~.~.~. w~·~&~cm~m~&mmOOA. ~. 0. R.@j1f~m.~1fijtJffl.ft~. .. itmil~fflm;~.~fJ1gA~{'F7*m. ~JE7to. m=t~tifll:~fJ1gAmfiff7*~. rlSlfAiiHII(zone of privacY)J · Stevens*t.*gmili · _.. m;tt.$ffi~lfft~. • Stevens *7*g~~E.m.¥@A •• ~~ff. ff€~.fJ1gAit~~~5E.$7t. 7*tim=~.~~.1J~ffmil~.~. •. ~~~~.fA~~T.~l:~&~9~. ~7*OO~.it.,m:tE~n~~${~. •. ~~~~ta:o;tt-~.~0MOOA$. trJ4l-lW~OO FJ f9~10 •• m=~.~~. ~~OOA~ta:;~?i--fiI~~ft~ili¥. .1JMm~~~~~$.·ff$~lft~. 86) llP:ff::gI¥JLochner v. New York, 198 U.s.45. 0. -318.

(23) 1\+tL~+=~. .m.&.~~~H-~.~W~~~. *mw*~~~~~.~omA~R~. ~7~n~mm®.~~.*,**~. %~~~~*~m,~.~$~*~*. ~~~~~**~nti~~~~~~~. ••• ~~ ••• ~,~ft$~. m~m~~o**ffi~i&J&~.~ffMA. .t~~,.~~~m~~ffi.oo.m. .~~*.~~~~,ti~m~.~ffM. A~JEo. A.~~~m~~~~,i&J&~ft~~. ffi~W. ' Stevens. ~~~m.~$$~~~~.~~mm. *~W~ •• mA~MM~~~~,oo. ~ti~~o~i&J&~$$~.~~~~. ~mA~~~ffi~$fr~.m~.mo. ~*(a. ~JLt~~.OOfM~::E5I. ~~~*~JE~$fr,~$frti~~m. statute that did effect such adepri vation) , ~tl~$~\~~WJ~i&J&m~fU ~ (promote a compelling state interest). .$~ti~.~.~~~~~~~.m. :tft~.$~mJEB7. +fr:m~o. m{~i&J&ffi&. ' 1967if,:tEKatz v. United States ( 389 U.S.347) -*cp ,. ;. a~$~~Bmlli~~.$ti~~.i&. mti~·ti~i&J&~~ffMA.~~~~. J&A~ffMA.~A$~~~~.,ffi~. m.~~$$~:m~-.o**ffi~m. ~ff~-ft~.$~.~.o~~ffMA. 5&~ffii&J&~ffMA.M~~~~.m. ' ~~~~~~tlfU(right to be let alone by other people) , ~5lDti. W{l • Stevens*$W~lJUmlliWhalen. Stewart*$Wi:pJ~lli. Stevens*$Wmlli '. ~~.~~m.D~!&~*:I.:~ffMA.~. 7ti~.A.M.~~~~,~ft&~ ~\ ~ ~. JE ~ ~ 11 B (unwarranted dis. closure)~fb'm. 0. **1fj~.mlli**~. Jtti~1f{iiJ~fU. gj ffi~~~. -ft~.~tI. ~.AM~.~.~~~,*$fr~ffl. $.~~~.~~~.$.+~.~~. •. 0. ~$$$~o. Stewart*$W~~ftk~~7fW**. ~~~*~~$~~*~~~~~~. 0. Brennen* $ WJ! Stewart* $ W~. 1J[]A**~1IJ~&~ffi88. .. 0. Whalen*~~m.ifIj$~1t~~ti. ~ti**~~~~~,~lli~~~~.o. Brennen*$Wmlli ' .$.~.~ ~.Jt~~i&J&~~~.~.M~&~. .~n~o~m ••• ~*.~.~*. •• ffMA.Mm*m~~~~o~~, ~5lDBrennen*$W~~~~~cpffim ' **~~~~&~m~ffMA •••Mm. 87) .llt14Breilnen*$'BiJIRoe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113. (1973),PJ&'Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 US. 438,464, (1972) ~11jf9IJ ' ~429US. 607. 88) Stewart*$'Er~Jll~Etf1Brennen*$'Er~raJ.J!I!E8.tpmfW • iI&Jff'B ~*.It'fftimtlIHI~. i;\ , *f1.$m1~iU4Hl~.fA;fI(privacy rights)~m~. Stewart*$'B~mBrennen*$'Er~~ tJ~1I1fJWljf'Fm;lt~~l¥Jb • {Elti~1I1fJf9I.li?)::fJi!J;Am;lt~~ ;It-:J£Griswold v. Connecticut, 381U.S. 479,~~I¥J.$~~JJ!lWiI • ~~tpl¥J.fA • PJ&'I!2}l*,flj~rD1 !11-1I~T:J£Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 • {El~1I~T~~1IAJ.m.I¥J~~ , ~;lt::[email protected]~.(sensibilitY)~iII 0. 0. 0. iIl:I¥JM~l'". 0. ~Ni1lllJf9IJi!?J**~~tI.fkA.iAl¥J-titflj~. -319. I).

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(28) i&*$~fZIlift. ~~m*~~~~.,~oom~~~~. m1\+(!.Ql'Jj .~~M$%mfil~~iJ~1it~1¥J ~M.nil&J&.~~-Jj{1z:~103. W~g~~ft~~,[email protected]~~~. *lfll '. ~lih~~~WGtEWhalen'~§i~. ~~.~~il&J&Jti~~~~~MI¥JJJi §. ,. ~~:M!. 0. cp •. ~~~~~~&~OOA.~m~~~.. ~~Jj{~OOA.~~~o~-~&A$. tr-J~Jf1Il'01. &.~m~~&m~m~·~~M*.. 0. ~a}]m.l!l!~OOA.fAA ff:f04. *~.~Jt~m~II~~~.~~. 0. ~~-. n~~~M$.~~~m~&.~~~. Jj{f{tl%~~.c)'~ff~$m§~mJi.1¥J. ~-~~~;~~~~~m~~~~~. re••Jti~·ft~l!l!~M~*.~.l!l!. *rJlJiI ' ~f.fM~102. WA~A.~~f05. 0. 0. ~~Jj{.fA~~~m~mmJ:~:m. -. , 1966,lf-• .JtS 1t itt ~ 1llI i! 69 ft. J.fU .1IPA$&.1f~~4JltElV:Im(clearly) .~.fAA~~. ::t~lt~Mf06. ~Jft9rJJt~. 0. ~~.. ~~~WG-ftft~t.s~M~&OOA 1t70~ftl,}j\:m:~f$~.fii(Minicomputers)~IfJ?tM:s:t(decentra]jzed).:Jm.~~lf;1ft • flA.fl~. ~.*~~?tM:~~~.fii.~.,,~WflA.fU·~ffl~~&~kflA.~.~~mfi~ ~15 " m=fI"'~ • flA1im~::EtI~m~lfI~~{~\ flA1'¥JfIfI~IfJ~::E5i~~~~k :Jt:flAilm • w:m: ~ ::E~1ftl~5E:¥!~~W~lJ{flA.~~.:Jm. ~lJ{.fU.?&M!JJl.;ttf.fiJ3r A'tt#.~mjl· ffi~.H...t~EI3~.flfJg1J(bargajning power)~g~ ; ~EB~l!m...t~~ht ~*...t~~.·~~~~m&~A~tlfUo.~m~"'~~~k1im~::E • •m±.JJl.~ffi 0. 0. II. iim~HfiUJ!ii;'ooMH~fl1'fRJ_~8. 0. ~VjktorMayer-Schonberger,Generational. Development of Data Protection in Europe, J&..~Philip Agre&Marc Rotenber~• • Technology and Privacy: the new landscape, 1997, pp.Z19-241 0 101)~1W"~1fg1977~~f.fi$IIJlWhalen~?t;tJT. 0. 102)iiilJlOOfI&~£*lQJe~Jl{~1:E~mnoo$~ftM!.fi~3( • '§'1:Emfi!.l~1tt~~1fM~ , ii;'IU~A*!I~*)(Z*.1fm." Schwartz&Reidenberg1W"m)(~A?t~~II~, t&M~~ lJ{!.I~~.m.t&$~,:¥!.fi~~~fI.~~~o 103>=!t~:jIj&JL$IH~ , mt~~Herbert Foestel, Freedom of Information and the Right to Know, The Origins and Applications of the Freedom of Information Act, 1999, pp.1-39 " llt9f.. ' The Electronic FOIA Amendments of 1996f*~$.iIT-&G.IE ' mfi.TM1im~~M 0 ~Foerstel1W"mif ' pp.57-61 ; &Electronic FOIA (Symposium), Administrative Law Review, V.50, no.2, pp.339-358, Spr.1998 104)5 U.s.C. § 552(b)(6) personnel and medical files and similar files the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy 105)5 U.S.C § 552(b)(7)(c) could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy 106)~• •f.fi$lIJlllJ~&JL$j!.flt5Jm~lltl5 ~U,s. Department of Defense v. Federa,l Labor Relations Authority, 114 S.Ct.1CXX),l994 ; &Frank Rosenfeld, Comment, Freedom of Information Act's Privacy Exemption and the Privacy Act of 1974, Harvard Civil Rights- Civil Liberties Law Review, vol.U, 1976, p.596- • :;t;ttp. 598-600 llt9f..Rosenfeld-)(~~M7 !j!;M$IIJl~lIJ~, Getman v. NLRB, 450 F.2d 670 (D.C. Cir. 1971) 0 ~lIJf§rr~&tlif%l~ff1fUWIllt&~~ " $~lIJ~~III1~~IIUIf*:Jm.$.B!~M~I $~~m~*~~I*~A;g.P)'~fTif:;e " Rosenfeld:fJtlWWIIJl*::J§:.tI¥U- EI.~rm~ ~I W~~~9f..~A~fJg~~mm.I.~A.~~.~o~m-~,-noo~~$IIJl~.~I $~~~if:;e~1f1}~fU~ .llt9f.. • WIIJlJ1~.f*jif:;elll.flIMt...t*fElfIif:;eJ1.~.t& ' 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ,. 0. -324.

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