ҴޫϜτᏱަཽऌᏱق
ަཽऌᏱᏱൣȂҖ101Ȃ19Ȃ027ʂ052
Θ2
ણዮḽሳడ̳ోʠ૾ᏈㅷЈ⎞↧↲
ᄞ⋀トᖣ⦲ው
(A Survey of Professional Preparation and
Continuing Education Needs for School
Social Workers)
ऩϜۤ
+(Hu, Chung-Yi)
ᄣ!् ᒿȠ୯҇௲ػݤȡಃΜచঅ҅ࡕܴЎೕጄޔᗄѱǵᑜȐѱȑࡹ۬ϷᏢਠ ᔈጓڋᇶᏤΓڐշᏢғᇶᏤπբǴᒿᏢਠޗπৣޑቚငᆶΕਠගٮ ୍ܺǴ೭٤வΓޑႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡВख़ाǶҁЎЬाၸፓ Бݤԏ୯ϣӚεᏢޑᏢਠޗπፐำ໒ፐރݩаϷჴ୍πբޣޕޑᝩុ௲ ػϣሡǴਥᏵ೭٤ၗ่݀Ǵගٮ҂ٰࡹೕჄᆶჴ୍ၮբࡌǶ ᜱᗥມȈ!ᏱਯަཽϏձȃཿႲറȃ៊ఁي +!!!ҁЎբޣࣁ୯ҥᆵчεᏢޗπբᏢسୋ௲Ƕ೯ૻႝແǺdzivAnbjm/ouqv/fev/uxǶགᖴ ܌ԖڙೖᏢਠޗπޑڐշǴаϷ୯ҥᄆϯৣጄεᏢᇶᏤᆶᒌᏢسླྀຐᏂλۆޑၗǴA Survey of Professional
Preparation and Continuing
Education Needs for School Social
Workers
Hu, Chung-Yi
Abstract
After revision article ˰of Elementary Education Act, the government employed a lot of social workers in elementary schools as student guidance. More and more social workers work in the school setting now, professional preparation and their needs of continuing education are more important. The aim of this study was to explore the preparation and continuing education for school social workers in Taiwan. The study adopted survey method and sampling 50 school social workers. Based on these result, some suggestions were recommended for future policy and practice.
Key words: continuing education, professional preparation, school social work
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ4
൧ȃࠊّ
ᏱਯަཽϏձښ࡚ӶርαϑԥΚࢳึᐤѭȂ1906ԒۗᏱਯ ަཽϏձসңȶୱఁ৲ȷޠӫᆏӶजݱςႴȃࠥ੬ᆌ੬Іङ๊ ӵୣໍΤᏱਯණٽཿ݉ଡ଼ȂᏱਯަཽϏձ݉ଡ଼౫ϭϑԚ࣐ϵҴᏱਯϜ २्ޠΚഌӌȞAllen-Meares, 2010ȟȄӓ౩೩Ӽঢ়ᇅӵୣනЖᏱਯަ ཽϏձښ࡚ᇅձݳڟֆਯ༫ᏱҢህᏳϏձᇅߨЎԒឋᚡޠ౪Ȃਞݏᡘ Ȃ፞Ԅजࢹޠजȃђτȃߢיȇዊࢹޠऽȃȃݱ៍ȃན ؔѼٴȃҴഞۦȃ༺ӵւȃලࣅӄջȃ଼ڐႴȃ߈៍ȃ࿆ڑȃਙࡅȃϞ ബȃӖ৭ȇߩࢹᇅࠓЋ҂ࢸޠग़ાȃ଼ᅮуȃᐭτւٴȃ՚៍ȇпІ ٴࢹޠᇍѡȃල٩៍ћȃؔ੪ӵȃߢܝճᖓӬτϵȃСҐȃᗻȃུ ђۄȃॸ෬๊ȞHuxtable & Blyth, 2002ȟȄดՅȂᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ӶᏱҢ ህᏳყϜл्॓ೱቩᏱਯᇅঢ়৴ޠྜྷȂ๗Ӭަୣၦྜпڟֆାॴ ᓏᏱҢІঢ়৴Ȃٯйᇅఁ৲ІᏱਯڐуֆӬձȂӔӤຠզᏱҢᇅᏱ ಭሰؒԥᜱޠၦଊȂໍՅःଇᇅஉ၍؛๋ȞBye, & Alvarez, 2006ȇ Dupper, 2003ȟȄ ӶѯᢋȂҦܼȮҖఁيݳȯޠঔݳϏձӶөࣩᑗ྄༌ҢίȂԥᜱ ᏱਯཿህᏳসጢښޠಒΫঔҔНܼ2011Ԓ1УӶҴݳଲή ႇȂНϜۢȈȶҖϊᏱІҖϜᏱூຝᄃርሰ्ѫဋӉཿህ ᏳসІဏଡ଼ህᏳসसϔȂڐੳ઼ႁϥΫϥੳпαȂᔗՎЎဋ ӉཿህᏳসΚȄޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻᔗဋӉཿህᏳ সȂຝᄃርሰ्ಜ።ࣃϟȇڐܛ឵ҖϊᏱІҖϜᏱਯӬॏΡΫ ਯпίȂဋΚȂΡΫΚਯՎѳΫਯȂဋΡȂѳΫΚਯпαп ԫ௱ȄࠊΡӉཿህᏳস೪ဋܛሰစຳȂҦఁيഌຝᄃርሰ् ၅ֆϟȇڐসϟၦੀȃ೪ဋȃᄃࢋРԓȃโІڐуࣻᜱٲϟᒳ ݳȂҦఁيഌཽ୧ޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻࡤۢϟȷȄঔҔНޠҴ ݳᆡઢ߾።ᏱҢህᏳϏձޠ२्ܓᇅӼϰܓȂӤਣᡲཿህᏳসȞަϏ৲ȃЗ౪৲ȟڟֆᏱҢህᏳϏձԥΠݳྜஆᙄȄࠜ៊ӵȂᓎᄃ ଡ଼Ϗձޠτ໕ဓӉࡤȂᏱਯަཽϏձཿึαȂཽ८ᖞ೩ӼឋᚡȂ پԄཿᏳȃ៊ఁيȃᄃଡ଼ዂԓ๊ȞऩϜۤȂ2011aȟȄڐϜȂ ཿႲറᇅ៊ఁيሰؒЏڐᜱᗥȂᏱਯަϏؑЉ८ᄈϛӤޠȃϛӤޠ ٲȃϛӤޠᕘძȂӤਣᓎަཽޠץഁึȃཿ౪፤ȃޤᜌȃϛ ᘟޠུȂަཽϏձޠཿቌঅᢏҐٙη्ؒަཽϏձϛᘟयΩܼቩ ໍཿޤᜌᇅȂٯڐၽңܼᙜཿϏձϜȄӱԫȂ֊߰ႇᜍྲ ՄၑӬੀޠஉཿϏձȂҼࡼ៊௦ڨ៊ఁيȂߴࡼًԂᙜཿၿᇅ ޤᜌȂпණٽԥࠣ፵ޠ݉ଡ଼ȄݸйȂ௦ڨ៊ఁيަϏᄃଡ଼স ᄃ౫ཿϾᇅᙜཿϾޠ२्ഋ৸Ȟଁӏ߬Ȃ2011ȟȄӱԫȂҐःفл् ഇႇϲৡϸݚᇅୱڣ።ࢦȂΠ၍ᏱਯަϏޠᏱਯཿᎵԚᇅ៊ఁيޠ ሰؒϟ౫ݸȂпձ࣐࢈๋დᇅᄃଡ଼ၽձՄȄ
ະȃНᝧଇ
Κȃ
ᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ޠཿၦੀȞqualifications for school
social workersȟ
зࣩөᄈܼᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ޠཿၦੀۢϛΚȂӶजτഌϸ ԏᄈᏱਯަϏޠၦੀள्ؒڏԥަϏᆉςᏱ՞пІΚٳ੬րޠ፟โଌ ጜᇅᄃಭစᡜȂԥٳԏࠍܺަϏᏱςᏱ՞Іڏࣻᜱ፟โଌጜᐋӉ ȞMumm & Bye, 2011ȟȄϛႇȂ೩ӼԏᄈܼᏱਯަϏޠၦੀ्ؒཿ সႇᇰᜍȞcerti¿ cationȟȂᕖூᏱਯަϏཿᜍਫȂۗԥဓӉၦੀȂ پԄӁւᒜԏޠᏱਯަϏȂ҇ႇΡঐขᡜȂٯԚτᏱпαޠަϏ РڸᏱਯަཽϏձߟ፟โޠᇰѠȄजަཽϏձڟཽȞNASWȟ ᇅఁيขᡜ݉ଡ଼ϜЗȞETSȟึяᏱਯަཽϏձၦੀขᡜȄഌϸԏޠ τᏱІఁي࿌ηཽණٽΚٳᏱਯަཽϏձޠࣻᜱ፟โᇅසଌጜȂଌ
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ6 ጜ२ᘉࠍєࢃȈึޠޤᜌȃᐡᄻᇅަୣᡑ᎑ޠ๋ȃঢ়৴ᇅަୣ Ωȃಣᙒ౪፤ȃӼϰཿᐍӬଌጜȃၦଊᆪၰȃຩᘟᇅຠզȃঐᆔ ౪ȃఁيҴݳȃݳࡢຨ೫౪ȃᄃଡ଼ϔႲѾȃᆎఋᇅఋထӼኻܓឋᚡ ๊ȞݔാဏȂ2007ȇݔቈȃеᓘඐȂ2010ȟȄ Mumm ᇅ Bye (2011)።ࢦӓजөԏᏱਯަϏޠཿႲറᇅᇰᜍዀ ྦȂτयԥංၦੀȂΚȶНऌᏱςȷȞBAȟȂԥߢܝලђԏȃђ ԏȃൟᙢලԏȃጠӱԏȃᇾԏȃԏ๊ȇΡȶަϏᏱςȷȞBSWȟȂ ԥٴւ٦ԏȃդᛴ٩ႁԏȃ݃Ѽងႁԏȃіћᛴٿાԏȃུكҁৈ ԏȃࠓћᛴٿાԏȃҥા՚ԏȃդᇍ੬ԏȇήȶަϏᆉςȷȞMSWȟ ۩ӼȂԥऌᛴܝӼԏȃஷΞشջԏȃܝࡅԏȃൗݾٴԏȃৈࡅӽ ԏȃནೊԏȃӁւᒜԏȃӠӵԋ٦ԏȃႁஆԏȃၰܿ՚ԋાԏȃ଼ ٩៍ԏȃஞ՚ԏȃϲႁԏȃ߽ҽ߽ԏȃᛴ৭ȃࠓႁऌуԏȃบу ԏȃᆱӢѼٴԏȃ౿Ⴔԏȃࡅලஷٛԏȃᛅ߽݃ԏ๊ȄՅйȂτഌϸ Ȟ86%ȟᒳ౪ަϏఁيޠᏱਯࣲᄈܼᏱਯަཽϏձስޠଌጜᇅၦੀڏԥ ᇰᜍȞcerti¿ cationȟښ࡚Ȅ ѫѵΚᆎڦӪȂࠍϛ੬ր೪ۢၦੀȂпॸ෬࣐پȂ1998ԒۗѬ ्စႇॸ෬ަཽϏձພьᒳ౪ีଅȂ൸᐀ԥၦੀڨٲަϏ݉ ଡ଼ȂᏱਯަϏҼϛپѵȄӶȮॸ෬ަཽϏձພьپȯϜۢีଅښ ࡚ᇅၦੀᇰᜍϟӈȂѬ्ಓӬພьپᇰѠϟτᏱཿȂйНܗᏱ ՞ަཽϏձȞॸ෬ަཽϏձພьȂ2012ȟȄॸ෬ᄈܼᏱਯަϏٯ ґजԥٳԏᄈܼཿসԥ੬ۢϟ्ؒȂуউᇰ࣐Ѭ्ڦூަϏᏱ ՞ܗНȂஆҐαϑڏԥஆᙄാӉΩȂԄݏᏱҢґٿདྷӶᏱਯަϏ ስ݉ଡ଼ȂѬ्ӶᄃಭҨ፝ਣᒶᐆٳᏱਯໍΤ֊ѠᏱಭȄ ӶѯᢋȂࠍٸᐄȮҖϊᏱҖϜᏱІޣᗓҀᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻဋ ӉཿህᏳসᒳݳȯಒΡۢȈҖϊᏱȃҖϜᏱІޣᗓҀȃᑫ ȞҀȟ࢈ۻᔗٸҐݳಒΫಒϳІಒΝۢȂဓңስԥᖞטЗ౪ ৲ȃᒛ୧З౪৲ܗަཽϏձ৲ᜍਫϟসȂᐋӉӉཿህᏳসȄӱ
ԫȂಒΚݱᏱਯަϏ৲ޠဓӉл्пڏԥᜍྲϟަϏ৲࣐лȂկӱഌϸ ᑫҀ࿌ԒณݳဓӉഷାၦੀϟসȂԪΚԒ࡚Ϭ२ུܤဓȄсಡٿ ࣽȂଷΠϑဓӉᏱਯަϏޠᑫҀ࢈ۻѵȂτӼᑫҀܤဓޠᏱਯަϏӼ ҦڐуስᙾӉܗུӉަϏ৲Ȃঐᗎ༗ऐᡘཿႲറᇅ៊ఁي ϟሰؒȄඳّϟȂԥщϸޠᙜࠊႲറᇅࡼ៊ޠ៊ఁيϘᡲထཿ সԥΩණٽ݉ଡ଼Ȅ ѫѵȂӤݳಒήۢޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻூ൸၏ޣᗓҀȃᑫ ȞҀȟϲܛဓϟӉཿህᏳসȂؑΝՎӼᐆΚᐋӉᏳসȄ ࠊᏳসȂᔗڏറίӗၦੀϟΚȈΚȃڏԥᆉςᏱ՞Іࣻᜱཿၦ ੀȂٯٲᏱਯህᏳܗڌ่ІЎԒϟᒛ୧ȃަཽϏձᄃଡ଼ϏձΡԒп αȄΡȃڏᏱςᏱ՞ІࣻᜱཿၦੀȂٯٲᏱਯህᏳܗڌ่ІЎԒϟ ᒛ୧ȃަཽϏձᄃଡ଼ϏձѳԒпαȄӱԫȂөᑫҀఁيȞȟቩဓᏱ ਯཿህᏳসࡤȂሰ्೪ဋᏳښ࡚ᇅϾᏳѓٿڟֆཿึ ȂᏳসޠᎵԚᇅఁيབᗎ२्Ȅ ЏڐȂަϏ৲ӶᖞטαึҢޠঘ౪֩ძҼߪሰަϏᏳসڟֆ၍ ؛ȂࠍৡܿആԚϏձޠॿࡨઁнȄ੬րᏱਯަϏ৲Ӷ݉ଡ଼ႇโϜַ ᚖᏱҢȃঢ়ߞȃఁ৲ȃఁي࢈সȃڐуཿসϛӤޠҭዀւ ઊȂܗཿসଌጜनෂȃቌঅցᘟȃཿҴൠޠৰȄ࿌ᚗРᇰ ޤࣻѿਣȂ൸ৡܿҢϛӤِՔϟޠܝᒾȄඳّϟȂᏱਯަϏ৲҇ ᄈཿᜱ߾ϲȃѵޠ܇ၗᇅ॓ೱȂկٳཿҭዀᇅڐуসగޠ ϛӤȂپԄՃ৲ᇅަϏ৲ȃϛӤঢ়ߞޠሰؒȇఁي࢈ᇅަϏ৲ޠҭዀ ৰ๊ȂดՅٳဋ֩ძޠցᘟְሰ्ഇႇཿᏳقಜޠଇ፤ᇅᒛ ၛȂРᡲಒΚጤᏱਯަϏ৲ࡧՄڻ۾ޠঘ౪؛๋ȞऩϜۤȂ2011bȟȄ ࣻၷڐуཿስӶཿসޠཿႲറαְڏറ݃ጃۢȂپԄ ϲϜ๊Ᏹਯఁ৲ޠཿႲറ࣐پȂٸᐄȮϜ๊ᏱਯȃҖϊᏱఁ৲৲ ၦᙜࠊఁي፟โఁيཿ፟โऌҭІᏱϸȯȂϜ๊Ᏹਯఁ৲৲ၦᙜࠊఁ ي፟โఁيཿ፟โऌҭȂՎЎΡΫϳᏱϸȇҖϊᏱఁ৲৲ၦᙜࠊఁ
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ8 ي፟โఁيཿ፟โऌҭȂՎЎѳΫᏱϸȄڐϜȂ҇ঔऌҭϜ๊Ᏹਯఁ ৲ՎЎΫѳᏱϸȂҖϊᏱఁ৲ՎЎήΫᏱϸȄєࢃȈΚȃҖϊᏱఁ ৲ఁᏱஆҐᏱऌ፟โȞ҇ঔՎЎΫᏱϸȟȂپԄॲІᇴၘȃቹԆȃڌ ่НᏱȃڌ่ऽᇮȃ໑ρᇮّȃᏱȃՍดऌᏱ྆፤ȃҢࣁऌ྆ ፤ȃަཽᏱಭስ྆፤ȃॲȃᗥዻȃजഽȃߓᅌȃ྆፤ȃ ୋஷᇅᡞيȃҖߺᡞيȃ่ॗȄΡȃϜ๊ᏱਯȃҖϊᏱఁ৲ఁيஆᙄ ፟โ҇ঔՎЎѳᏱϸȈఁيЗ౪ᏱȃఁيলᏱȃఁيަཽᏱȃఁي྆ ፤ȄήȃϜ๊ᏱਯȃҖϊᏱఁ৲ఁيРݳᏱ፟โ҇ঔՎЎϳᏱϸȈఁ Ᏹ౪ȃੳ઼စᕋȃఁيขᡜᇅຠ໕ȃఁᏱ൭ᡞᇅᐈձȃ፟โึᇅ೪ ॏȃህᏳ౪ᇅᄃଡ଼ȄѳȃϜ๊ᏱਯȃҖϊᏱఁ৲ఁᏱᄃಭІఁ؆ఁ ݳ፟โࣲ࣐҇ঔȈϸऌ/ϸስఁᏱᄃಭȃϸऌ/ϸስఁ؆ఁݳȄҖϊ Ᏹఁ৲ఁᏱᄃಭІఁ؆ఁݳ፟โ҇ঔՎЎΫᏱϸȈҖϊᏱఁᏱᄃಭ࣐ ҇ঔՎЎΡᏱϸȂҖϊᏱఁ؆ఁݳ҇ঔή~ѳስՎЎΥᏱϸȄڐԪȂ ᒶঔऌҭȈϜ๊Ᏹਯఁ৲ՎЎΫΡᏱϸȂҖϊᏱఁ৲ՎЎΫᏱϸȇҦ өਯ൸৲ၦஊي౪܉ȃӈІ੬ՔՍდȂөऌҭϟᏱϸҼҦөਯ ՍॐȄєࢃఁيःفݳȃ੬ੇఁيᏳ፤Ȟܗ੬ੇڌ่З౪ᇅఁيȟȃၦ ଊఁيȃఁي࢈ȃي౪ȃึЗ౪Ᏹȃርᜱ߾ᇅྜྷȃҢీఁ يȃఁيݳȃ࣐ᡑȃӼϰНϾఁيȃЗ౪ᇅఁيขᡜȃఁي ಜॏȃఁيѭȃ౫хఁيࡧዙȃऌᏱఁيȃఁيᏱȃᕘძఁيȃႬ ဟᇅఁᏱȃҢڽఁيȃڎܓఁيȞܓրఁيȟȃߒ๊ఁيȃϜ๊ఁيȃ ڌ่З౪ᏱȃߨЎԒЗ౪Ᏹȃຝఁيȃᒒᙜఁيȃ᠍ఁيȃЩၷఁ يȃᏱਯ࢈ȞఁيഌȂ2012ȟȄ ѫѵȂпҖϜᏱᐋӉᆤӬࣁᏱಭስϟȶህᏳఁ৲ȷ࣐پȂӶ ཿႲറα݃НۢڐঔཿॏდᔗԚ৲ၦஊي፟โȂйԚᆤӬࣁ ᏱಭስϟȶህᏳࣁȷߞ፟โȄٳཿ፟โଌጜєࢃȶስਰЗ ፟โȷȃȶህᏳࣁȷȃȶ่ॗఁيȷȃȶঢ়࢈ఁيȷϟ्࣐ؒஆҐࠊ ණȄӱԫȂө৲ၦஊيτᏱӶঔ࡛፟ឋα൸ཽණᒻԥԫҢీໍၰდϟ
ᏱҢӶཿႲറαᔗঔಭޠࣻᜱᏱऌȂٯԚህᏳᒛ୧ᄃଡ଼Іᄃಭ፟ โȄپԄȶߨЎԒስȷȞߨЎԒึᇅህᏳȃାӡᐡᏱҢህᏳȟȃ ȶᒛ୧ስȷȞᒛ୧౪፤ȃᒛ୧ȃህᏳ౪ᇅᄃଡ଼ȟȃȶᏱਯІఁ يስȷȞᏱਯህᏳϏձȃᏱಭህᏳȃᏱಭЗ౪Ᏹȟȃȶᄃಭስȷ Ȟᒛ୧ᄃଡ଼ȃህᏳᄃಭȟ๊Ȅ ᐍᡞՅ፤ȂᓎఁيᡞقޠཿަϏབٿབӼȂӶτᏱᎵԚࢳϟ ཿႲറԄեდΚঐڏقಜܓޠਰЗΩ፟โᡘூڔϛৡጦȄ୳Ȃᛥ ܼҭࠊࢳөਯٸᐄུঔަཽϏձ৲ՄၑၦੀϟۢȂӒ20ঐᏱϸ ቩђՎ45ঐᏱϸȂђαӒөτᏱޠᜌఁي፟โȂӶङ130ঐᖃཿᏱ ϸޠӈίȂᏱقӶԛଷᜌఁيᇅ҇ঔ፟โޠޒݸίȂ༊഼ޠ30Վ40 ঐᏱϸϜึӼЎԪऌስȂ݃ᡘ֩ᜳȄ೩ӼᏱقٸᐄөਯ੬Քࣲ ึΡՎήঐᏱထȂ፟โდα܂܂ਕᜇُهȄ ᐄMumm ᇅ ByeȞ2011ȟޠ።ࢦȂӶजөԏτᏱණٽޠᏱਯަ ཽϏձ፟โ໕Ȃђԏԥ4ܛȃऌᛴܝӼԏ1ܛȃ౿Ⴔ੬ୣ1ܛȃդᛴ٩ ႁԏ1ܛȃൗݾٴԏ1ܛȃནೊԏ1ܛȃӁւᒜԏ4ܛȃൟᙢලԏ1ܛȃၰ ܿ՚ԋાԏ1ܛȃഭԏ2ܛȃጠӱԏ1ܛȃஞ՚ԏ2ܛȃ݃Ѽងႁԏ3ܛȃ ஞង٩ԏ2ܛȃіћᛴກાԏ2ܛȃᐪ՚ԏ2ܛȃङԏ8ܛȃ༺ջܝೊ ଼ԏ1ܛȃ༺࿆۬ԏ1ܛȃᇾԏ1ܛȃᛴ৭1ܛȃҥા՚ԏ2ܛȃԏ3 ܛȄ
ΡȃᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ޠ៊ఁيȞ
continuing educationȟሰؒ
ҦܼᏱਯަϏؑЉ८ᄈϛӤޠȃٲȃޑᇅᕘძȂђαަཽץഁึ ȃཿ౪፤ȃޤᜌȃϛᘟޠུȂަϏཿቌঅϛᘟ्ؒަཽϏ ձयΩܼቩໍཿޤᜌᇅȂ֊߰ႇᜍྲՄၑӬੀޠஉཿϏձ ȂҼࡼ៊௦ڨ៊ఁيȂߴࡼًԂᙜཿၿᇅޤᜌȂпණٽԥ ࠣ፵ޠ݉ଡ଼ȄпϜ࣐پȂҖ࢈ഌȮަཽϏձᙜཿЬ҂ᜍਫีଅᒳᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ: ݳȯпІٲഌȃҖ࢈ഌȮަཽϏձᙜཿЬ҂ຠᩰኸۢȯޠ ጓȂஉཿަϏ৲ᔗ௦ڨ៊ఁيȂпߴࡼًԂޠᙜཿၿȂϛᘟུȃ ၅щޤᜌණାཿЬ҂ڸΩȂණٽ݉ଡ଼፵໕ȄᄈܼަཽϏձࡹྲ ۢђ៊ఁيۢȂ֊ٻӶା࡚ཿึঢ়ҼԄԫȄپԄђ τۢܛԥަཽϏձؑԒ҇௦ڨҦҀ࢈ۻණٽ࣐4ڻޠӕஊଌȂп ԫᔕ၅Ᏹਯఁيϟϛ٘ȂᏱಭུޠȃРݳȂණା݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵ᇅਞ౦Ȅ ᐄϜҖ࢈ഌȮަཽϏձ៊ఁيᒳݳȯಒ7ޠۢȂֆ౪ަཽϏ ձ৲ӶؑΚีଅԥਞȞ3Ԓȟϲ௦ڨ៊ఁيਣϛூЎܼ72ϊਣȂަ ཽϏձ৲ȃା઼ަཽϏձ৲ؑΚีଅԥਞȞ3Ԓȟϲ௦ڨ៊ఁيਣ ϛூЎܼ90ϊਣȇՅйȂл्៊ఁيϲৡᔗєࢃȈ1.ཿቌঅᢏڸঘ ౪ȇ2.ࣻᜱݳࡢȃݳȃതІ࢈๋ȇ3.ަཽϏձᄃଡ଼ȇ4.ࣻᜱ౪፤ޤᜌ Ȟଁӏ߬Ȃ2011ȟȄ ӶजȂөԏᄈܼᏱਯަϏ৲ޠ៊ఁيۢϛΚȂႈαԥං ᆎȈؑԒ4ЉȞԄႁஆԏȟȃؑԒ60ϊਣȞԄߢՔԏȟȃϥԒϲ90ϊ ਣȞԄऌᛴܝӼԏȃஷΞشջԏȟȃϥԒϲ125ϊਣȞԄ݃Ѽងႁԏȟȃ ϥԒϲ180ϊਣȞԄᇾԏȟȇܗؑԪඳྲ४ϲঔᅗ75ϊਣȞԄᛅ߽݃ ԏȟȃ6ঐᏱϸȞԄՕԏȃӠӵԋાԏȃϲႁԏȟ๊Ȃկԥٳԏϲ ٯณ੬րϟۢȞMumm & Bye, 2011ȟȄඳّϟȂӓजөԏᄈܼᏱਯަ Ϗ៊ఁيϟ२ຝȂഇႇඳྲРԓᇅཿ्๊ؒഋ৸ႁژጓܓձңȄ ጿᎍԄȞ2002ȟ።ࢦѯᢋަཽϏձ៊ఁيޠᒳ౪౫ݸȂࡿяଷ Πτଲਯᒳ౪ޠҔԓᏱ՞ໍঔᇅ௱ኅ፟โѵȂҖ՞ԄѯᢋަཽϏ ձཿসڟཽȃѯᢋަཽϏձఁيᏱཽȃϜЗ౪ፐҢڟཽȃঢ়ஆ ߝཽȃӏஆߝ๊ཽȇ࢈ഌߟєࢃϲ࢈ഌᄳڐᗓ឵өঐ՞ȃަཽᆌ ւϏձসःಭϜЗ๊Ȅпज࣐پȂᄈަϏఁيРޠᇰᜍቸࢦҦ ঢ়ା๊ఁيᇰᜍېসཽ௳᠍ӓजަཽϏձఁيڟཽȞCSWEȟ॓ೱȄӶש л्пτଲਯަϏࣻᜱऌقȃཿყᡞȃަϏཿসڟཽȃަϏ ఁيᏱཽȃަϏ৲ϵཽܗҖಣᙒყᡞ๊ٿໍȄеН࿊Ȟ2005ȟ࡛ឋ
๗Ӭαख़ϵȃؾᐡᜱყᡞȂщϸၽңၦྜȂӶཿ៊ఁيϜђᖓ࿘ ᇅһࢻȂӶᏱಭᇰᜍαϸϏᇅۢ՞ȂҦлᆔᐡᜱ௳᠍Ȃା๊ఁيᐡᄻܗ Җཿყᡞ॓ೱᇰᜍȂڟӤҖಣᙒᒳ౪ཿ៊ఁيȂ܅ԫ߭ӉȂ ᏱಭԚ൸ѠತᑗᙾඳȂѠϟၿȄ ՎܼȂϲᏱਯަϏ৲ϟ៊ఁيґٿԄեᒳ౪ȉᐄȮҖϊᏱ ҖϜᏱІޣᗓҀᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻဋӉཿህᏳসᒳݳȯϟۢȈಒ ΟུဓӉཿህᏳসȂܼژᙜࡤ3ঐУϲᔗ௦ڨޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ ࢈ۻᒳ౪ϟஆᙄஊଌ፟โՎЎ40ϊਣȂϲৡᔗєࢃ݉ଡ଼ϲৡȃఁي ཿȃህᏳཿȃᆪӬձІࣻᜱݳц๊ȄӉཿህᏳসȂؑԒᔗ௦ ڨӶᙜໍঔ፟โՎЎ18ϊਣȄࠊӶᙜໍঔ፟โȂпޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ ࢈ۻȃτᏱਯଲȃࣻᜱཿϵཽȃڟཽȃᏱཽܗ௱ަ࢈ህᏳϟᐡᄻȃ ყᡞᒳ౪йᇅཿଡ଼ࣻᜱ࣐४Ȅ ดՅȂᏱਯަϏϟ៊ఁيᇅଌጜᔗєࢃٳϲৡȉӶଌңӬΚޠ ஆᙄίȂଌጜϲৡᔗᇅᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ޠཿϮΤࣻᜱȄसᏱਯަཽ Ϗձ৲ޠ݉ଡ଼ϲৡᇅཿϮΤ੬ܓٿࣽȂҖఁيݳԥᜱӉཿህᏳ সϟ݉ଡ଼ϲৡۢȈ1. ᏱҢᏱಭ᠍ઊϟᆱៗІᏱཿᎍᔗϟߵໍȇ2. Ᏹ Ңᇅڐঢ়৴ȃަཽᕘძϟຠզІڟֆȇ3. ᏱҢϟЗ౪ຠզȃህᏳᒛ୧І ၦྜᙾϮ݉ଡ଼ȇ4. ණٽఁ৲ᇅঢ়ߞህᏳཿᒛၛІڟֆȇ5. ණٽᏱਯህ Ᏻᒛၛ݉ଡ଼ȇ6. ௦ڨޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻᇅᏳসϟᏳІಜ። ࣃڟֆᏱҢህᏳϏձȇ7. ڐуҦޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻࡿࣃᇅᏱҢህᏳ ࣻᜱϟϏձȄѫѵȂٸᐄȮᏱҢህᏳݳȯ૪ޠდٿࣽȂӶᏱҢህᏳ ყޠӬձᇅϸϏϜȂऐᡘᏱਯަཽϏձޠϮΤᇅڐ៊ఁيሰؒϟ ᜱ߾ȂНϜდཿህᏳসȞЗ౪৲ȃަϏ৲Іᆡઢᚃᕜস๊ȟ ಒή઼Ⴒ٪ޠл्॓ೱসȂл्Ȉ1.ଭᄈৰ࣐Іᝓ२ᎍᔗ֩ᜳᏱ ҢȂᐍӬཿህᏳΩȃᚃᕜІަ࢈ၦྜȂໍཿϟህᏳȃᒛ୧Іݾ ᕜȇ2.ӶᏱҢୱᚡึҢࡤȂໍӡᐡ౪ᇅࡤ౪ȂٯႲ٪ୱᚡӕึҢ Ȟᖒȃ֕߁Ȃ2009ȟȄҦԫᢏϟȂᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ޠཿϮΤ੬
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ22 ՔӶڐ៊ఁيϲৡՎЎᔗєࢃᏱਯᎍᔗህᏳȃାӡᐡߨЎԒ݉ଡ଼ȃӡ ᐡ౪ȃၦྜึᇅഀ๗ȃႲ٪ܓϏձ๋๊ϲৡȄ ӱԫȂΚঐᐍᏱਯަཽϏձԪስޠଌጜᔗӶᎵԚଌጜϜєࢃ ٳ፟โȉᐄᝌСȞ2000ȟၽңᅮຆݳୱڣ።ࢦ63՞ڨȂ๗ ݏᡘұڨᇰ࣐ᏱਯަཽϏձӶᎵԚఁيϜ҇ঔಭޠ፟โєࢃȈ ᏱਯަཽϏձȃڌ่ߨЎԒٙЗึȃߨЎԒԪНϾःفȃྜྷཽፚ ȃަཽყᡞϏձȃఁيښ࡚ݳȃঢ়৴ަཽϏձȃަཽϏձᆔ౪ȞР ೪ॏІঐᆔ౪ȟȃఁي࢈ȃህᏳ౪፤ᇅᄃଡ଼ȃਯ༫НϾȃަཽᆌ ւݳпІᆡઢᚃᏱ๊ȄҦԫѠޤȂαख़፟โτयѠпϸ࣐ංȂΚ ᄈఁيᇅᏱਯНϾޠᇰᜌȂΡޣ௦ᇅ௦݉ଡ଼Ȃήᇅঐԥᜱ ҢᄙقಜІᆌւݳࡢޠޤᜌȂՅٳ፟โᄈܼަϏ৲ߒӉਯ༫ޠህᏳϏ ձȂпІึදᡑҢᄙӉଡ଼ԥڐ२्ᜱᗥȄ ѵޠစᡜໍՄᄇȂپԄजᏱਯަཽϏձڟཽؑԒཽଭᄈ ᏱਯަϏཿসණٽөଌጜРȞSchool Social Work Association of America, 2011ȟȂ፟โєࢃԄեႲ٪៨টȃᆡઢொݾᕜᇅᏱਯϮΤȃ ڟֆᏱҢӶਯ༫ȃᖓ٥ఁيஆߝȃѓܓ࣐ຠ໕ᇅ࣐ϮΤॏฬȃ ᏱਯަϏ݉ଡ଼ȃཿึᇅҖఁيݳȞProfessional Development and the Elementary and Secondary Education ActȟȃመڌᇅӤעឋᚡ๊Ȅᆤᢏ αख़፟โޠ೪ॏᇅᄃࢋȂُ٘៊ఁيᇅ፟โଌጜޠ२्ܓȄ ԟȂᏱਯަཽϏձൠӱٲᓝᖆளೞᜐུ࣐սଌጜܛȂᛥ ܼښ࡚ߒึȃᏳښ࡚ۧґહዤȂկஉΫᎸԒٿഃᅛᛨۢȂ୳Ϗ ձসޠᚕᙜᇅϬԥΚۢโ࡚ȂᄈུܼໍᏱਯަϏޠӶᙜଌጜᡘூ ڔϛৡጦȂसુнᐍޠུໍᇅӶᙜଌጜȂᙜ౦ณݳණЁȞऩϜ ۤȂ2001ȟȄӶॸ෬ȂٸᐄȮᏱਯަཽϏձ݉ଡ଼ၯཿӬձࡿЖȯԥᜱ ȶᙜসஊଌȷޠۢȂಒ2.16݃Нȶަཽᆌւဎȃॸ෬݉ଡ଼ᖓཽІᕋᒳ ᐡᄻȂְԥೱӉጃᇰᏱਯަϏޠஊଌሰ्Ȃٯ࣐ᏱਯަϏ๋ฬڸᖟᒳ ཿஊଌ፟โȷȇпІಒ2.17Ҽࡿяȶ࣐ߵໍཿࡼ៊ึȂᕋᒳᐡᄻᔗ
ԋ௷ུΤᙜᏱਯަϏ௦ڨΤᙜ፟โȂٯᡲӶᙜᏱਯަϏۢໍঔȷȞᏱ ਯަཽϏձ݉ଡ଼ᆤӬཿࡿЖϏձϊಣȂ2000ȟȄՅйȂॸ෬ᏱਯަϏ ޠཿπಁӼȂҖᐡᄻӼཽᒳ౪قӗܓޠϏձ֬ȂණٽΡԒϲܗ ུژᙜޠަϏଌጜᇅःಭᐡཽȂ፞Ԅॸ෬ஆఁ݉ଡ଼Ȟ2010ȟණٽޠ ःಭϲৡȂєࢃȶΤߟ҇యІסȷȃȶᏱਯӓР՞၍ᄻϸݚݳȷȃ ȶാڕӶඬȷ݉ଡ଼ॏฬІ௱ኅѾȃᎍңܼϜᏱޠህᏳ౪፤྆៕Іᔗң Ѿȃ౪ȶКȷᏱҢڸঢ়ߞޠѾȃԄեᇅఁ৲ԥਞڟձȃӡᐡ ౪બ⁆ȃਯ༫টޠ౪ȃԄեڟֆԥ੬ੇఁيሰ्ᏱҢȃԄեڟֆԥ ᆡઢୱᚡޠᏱҢȃழስϊಣ/ࣁӓ๊ឋᚡȂറུໍӤϧޠஉཿ ΩȄЇᢏϲȂҭࠊۧґԥτᏱܗఁي՞пߟଌጜᏱਯަཽϏ ձܗණٽᏱ՞ᏱโȃᇰᜍᏱโȂґٿަཽϏձཿყᡞԥೱӉᐋ॓ କԫΚཿึӉଡ଼ȄՅйȂҭࠊȮަཽϏձ৲ݳȯϑަཽϏձ৲ϸ ࣐ΚૢަϏ৲ᇅऌަϏ৲ڎȂҭࠊऌϸ઼ӔॏϥτȂٯณᏱਯ ަཽϏձऌΛȂл्ᗶ឵Ӷȶڌ่ЎԒஐυІঢ়৴ȷስȄԥᠧܼ ԫȂڌ่ЎԒஐυІঢ়৴ऌϜґٿԄեђᏱਯަཽϏձԪስޠ ៊ఁيϲৡᇅЩپȂԪስึޠ२्ᜱᗥȄ
ήȃ
ཿ ყ ᡞ ᄈ Ᏹ ਯ ަ ཽ Ϗ ձ ৲ ޠ ཿ Ⴒ റ ᇅ ึ
Ȟ
professional preparation and developmentȟጓ
ߞεпٿȂᏱਯަཽϏձަཽϏձ२्ޠഌӌȂٯйпަཽϏձ ঘ౪࣐ڐጓȄ1978ԒȂजަཽϏձসڟཽȞNASWȟॐۢȶᏱਯ ަཽϏձ݉ଡ଼ྦࠍȷȞStandards for School Social Work ServiceȟȂңп ጓึᏱਯަཽϏձཿޠࡿዀȄ1992ԒІ2002ԒΡԪঔۢȂ၏ཽఁي ېসཽӉଡ଼ϊಣȞEducation Commission Task ForceȟໍঔॐȂྦࠍ ୣϸ࣐ήঐഌӌȈȞlȟཿᄃଡ଼Ȟprofessional practiceȟ,Ȟ2ȟཿႲറ ᇅึȞprofessional preparation and developmentȟ,Ȟ3ȟ࢈๗ᄻᇅМන
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ24
Ȟadministrative structure and supportȟȞNASW, 2002ȟȄڐϜȂȶཿႲ റᇅึȷȞprofessional preparation and developmentȟᜱᏱਯަཽϏձ ӶᏱਯަϏᄃଡ଼ܛሰ्ޠଌጜቺԪȂпІᏱਯަϏࡼ៊ึαȂܛሰ ्ቩޠஆҐޤᜌȞNational Association of Social Work, 2002ȇЖՍ ݔቈȂ2010ȟȄ
1. Ᏹ ਯ ަ Ϗ ৲ ᔗ ڏ റ N A S W ܛ ᇰ Ӥ ޠ ఁ ي ஆ ᙄ Ȅ Ᏹ ਯ ަ Ϗ ৲ Վ Ўሰ्ཿՍजަཽϏձఁيڟཽȞCouncil on Social Work EducationȂCSWEȟܛਰۢޠަཽϏձᏱقȂӤਣӱᔗ੬ੇስޠ ሰؒȂۧሰ्ڏറІΠ၍ఁيᡞقࣻᜱޠཿޤᜌȄसཿ ᏱਯȞစCSWEਰۢȟґණٽࣻᜱ፟โȂࠍᔗᑗ྄൷׳ࣻᜱཿଌ ጜȂп၅٘ཿΩϟϛ٘Ȅ 2. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗᄈަϏཿڸޤᜌԥஆҐᇰᜌȄᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗڏറ Π၍ަཽᕘძϜޠ࣐Ȃٯᐈձөᆎᄃଡ଼РȂпᔔֆ ܼӜ༗ڸڨᔇय़ޠထᡞȄӤਣηഇႇःفޠРԓΠ၍ᄃଡ଼ၽձ םȂٯ౪၍ަཽ࢈๋ᇅᏱਯϲ݉ଡ଼ޠᜱᖓܓȄ 3. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗኅހޠΠ၍ᇅᏱҢᏱಭࣻᜱޠनෂІစᡜȄᏱਯަ Ϗ৲ᔗ၏Π၍ኈڌ่ІЎԒᏱಭߓ౫ޠึᇅҢ౪ӱષࣻᜱޤ ᜌȂӤਣηᔗ၏Π၍ަཽစᔽӵ՞ȃܓրȃНϾȃٙЗሬᛥІܓ ڦӪȂഎཽኈژᏱҢޠఁيᐡཽȄηᔗ၏ڏറԄեቩᏱҢᓻ ༗ȂпණЁڐఁيԚѓᐡཽޠޤᜌȄ 4. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ڏറӵРఁي՞ޠ๗ᄻᇅಣᙒޠࣻᜱޤᜌȄᏱ ਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏Π၍ө઼࢈ۻႇџژ౫Ӷޠఁي࢈๋ᢏᘉȂє֥ ܛԥ٘пኈఁيᐡཽȃୱᚡȃ࢈๋ឋᚡޠݳІఁي९Ȅԫ ѵȂᄈܼӵРఁي՞ޠଓଡ଼םІၽձםȃᏱਯșަୣᜱ ߾ޠ࢈ݾࣁഎᔗ၏्ԥܛΠ၍ȄᏱਯަϏᔗ၏Π၍ȶఁȷᇅ ȶᏱȷޠРݳȂєࢃȈஆᙄ፟โዀྦІఁي՞ϲөᆎཿস ޠِՔІᙜ᠍ጓ൝Ȅ
5. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ڏറঢ়৴ȃᏱਯȃަୣһϤኈޠࣻᜱޤᜌȂ є֥Π၍ঢ়৴ΩȃୋஷȃЗ౪ፐҢȃަཽᆌւ࢈๋ȃРॏ ฬȃަୣၦྜȂഎ٘пኈᏱҢӶᏱਯᕘძϜޠԚѓစᡜȄ 6. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏᐀ԥقಜܓႲզІસޠȄᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ ၽңӼϰРԓІၦྜȂᇕࣻᜱၦਠȂпႲզሰؒȃ੬፵ȂٯΠ ၍ᏱҢȃঢ়৴ȃఁᙜসȃ᎒٩ၮަୣϲޠყᡞܗঐޠࣻϤኈ Ȅηᔗܼᎍ࿌ޠਣᐡȂଭᄈܛᇕޠࣻᜱၦଊȂණяᄈᏱҢᏱ ಭኈޠຠզൣ֚Ȃє֥ȈҢޑᏱȃᖞטϏձȃЗ౪ᏱȃНϾȃ ަཽᏱȃᆲȃݳࡢڸᕘძ๊өቺ८ӱષȄٯйȂᐍӬҢޑșЗ ౪șަཽႲզȞbio-psycho-social assessmentȟၦਠȂໍఁي࡛ឋ ൣ֚Ȅ 7. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏Π၍ᄃଡ଼Ϗձᇅ٘пኈᏱҢϟ࢈๋܅ԫޠᜱ ߾ȄᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏Π၍ႇџژ౫Ӷޠఁي࢈๋Ȃϸݚ࢈๋ᄈ ᏱҢޠኈȂٯйএᏳϾᏱҢᏱಭԚ൸ޠ࢈๋Ȅ 8. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ᒶᐆІၽңစҦᄃᜍޠႅ๋Ȃє֥ȈႲ٪ ܓڸႅܓРݳȂٿቩᏱҢޠҔӪఁيစᡜȄϛ፤Ӷߒ઼ȃ Ԫ઼ܗή઼Ⴒ٪ቺԪޠឋᚡȂᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ڏԥȶႲզୱᚡȷ пІȶ؛ۢႅ๋ȷޠȂ੬րၽңစҦᄃᜍМࡼޠႅ ๋Ȅ 9. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ԥΩຠզՍϐޠᄃଡ଼ϏձȂٯ๗ݏϵҁȂ ᡲ݉ଡ଼ٻңȃӵРఁي՞ȃަୣȃІཿসΠ၍ȄᏱਯަ Ϗ৲ᔗ၏ഇႇᏱ፤Нܗःف೪ॏȂຠզႅॏฬȂٯഇႇϲഌ ଌጜȃःଇཽȃཿёޑяޏȂၮӵРఁي՞ȃަୣȃІཿ সϸٵःفึ౫Ȅ 10. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏्ڏറӶө઼࢈ۻึᖓ࿘ޠΩȂпߵԚᏱҢ ޠԚѓစᡜȄᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ᇅӼϰཿޠঐȃყᡞȃಣᙒ ΚକϏձȂпӔӤႁԚԥֆܼᏱҢޠୋஷȃަһȃᆲȃ۸ᆌᇅ
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ26 ԋӓࣻᜱҭዀޠॏฬȄ 11. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏्ڏറএᏳަୣЗ౪ፐҢᇅ݉ଡ଼ණٽӬձޠ ΩȂпٻᏱҢ߰ւӵڦூٳ݉ଡ଼ȄᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏Мࡼ ቩໍᏱҢЗ౪ፐҢޠӬձॏฬȂםԓє֥пᏱਯ࣐ஆᙄȞschool-basedȟІᇅᏱਯഀ๗Ȟschool-linkedȟޠ݉ଡ଼ॏฬȂپԄȈпӓ Ᏹਯ࣐݉ଡ଼ᄈຬȃঢ়৴ၦྜϜЗȃަୣᏱਯȃܗਯϲޠЗ౪ፐ ҢР๊ȄӤਣȂᏱਯަϏ৲ηᔗ၏ڏറϸݚࣻᜱଊਁȃೱ߭ Ȟaccountabilityȟȃڟ።ྜྷࣻᜱަୣၦྜޠΩȂпጃߴ݉ଡ଼ԥ ֆܼᏱҢᕖڦԚѓစᡜȄ 12. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ӶNASW៊ཿఁيྦࠍίࡼ៊ܓໍঔܗᏱ ಭȄᏱਯަϏ৲࣐Πԥਞஉᄃଡ଼ϏձȂᔗ၏ᓎਣජඬഷུޠ ఁيІަϏཿޤᜌІȂРԓє֥ᇅNASWܗڐуཿಣ ᙒȂђཿܓःଇཽȃଌጜ፟โܗڐуࣁȂпІᎨཿܓ ᏱёޑȄ 13. ᏱਯަϏ৲ᔗ၏ഇႇఁيІᏳަϏᄃಭҢȂࡼ៊ڟֆཿޠึ ȄᏱਯަϏ৲ѠпᙥҦᄈᏳަϏᄃಭҢܗڐуᖞטϏձޠᏱ ಭᐡཽȂණٽᖞטϏձࡿᏳȂпڟֆཿࡼ៊ึȄ αख़ޠ݉ଡ଼ྦࠍٿࣽȂᏱਯަϏ৲ޠཿႲറᇅึՎЎᔗєࢃ ᖞטѾᇅ௦࢈ΩȂ፞Ԅ࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȃަཽ࢈๋ȃᄃଡ଼ ๋ȃಣᙒޤᜌȃᖓ࿘ᇅӬձ๊Ȃєࢃ८ፚȃྜྷȃӤ౪ȃᢏᄇȃᇕ ၦਠȃقಜܓຠզȃԥਞϮΤȃყձཿȃᒛၛȃၽңၦྜȃঐᆔ ౪ȃӬձ၍؛੬ੇୱᚡȃึུၦྜȃ݉ଡ଼დȃᇅ፟โდȃཿ ᏳȃРຠզ๊ΩޠஊᎵȄ
㡀ȃःفРݳ
ΚȃःفᄈຬᇅኻҐ
Ґःف௵ڦҴཏڦኻРݳȂܫڦѯіҀȃѯіᑫȃུԽҀȃѯϜᑫ ๊ѳᑫҀϟᏱਯަϏໍୱڣ።ࢦȂୱڣ።ࢦܼ2009Ԓ8УՎ9Уໍ ȂԥਞӲԞ50ӌኻҐȄΡȃၦਠԞ
ҐНၦਠ߾௵ңȶᏱਯަཽϏձِՔޤញ።ࢦȷϟഌϸၦਠȂл ्ᘞڦȶཿႲറโ࡚ᇅ៊ఁيሰؒȷϟᚡҭȂ࣐ϸݚϟஆᙄȄ ።ࢦୱڣᐤစή՞ᏱਯަϏޠϲৡਞ࡚ቸࢦȂໍҭጢঔȂࡤԚ࣐Ҕ ԓୱڣȄୱڣ።ࢦӪ࡚єࢃȈ ஆҐၦਠȞܓրȃഷାᏱᐤȃཿऌ قȃᄃࢋРԓȃ݉ଡ଼Ԓၦȃ݉ଡ଼ᑫҀȟȃِՔӉଡ଼ȃ݉ଡ଼ޠл्ឋᚡȃ Ϗձᓻ༗ᇅ֩ძȃᄃଡ଼ዂԓȃϏձِՔȃМࡼقಜȃᏱਯقಜᄈِՔޠ ᇰᜌȃϏձᕽਞȃ៊ఁيሰؒȃϏձӉଡ଼ᇅਣϸପ๊ȂӔॏ36ᚡȄ ѫѵȂःف࣐Π၍ϲөτᏱ೪ᏱਯަཽϏձཿᒶঔ፟โϟ ౫ݸȂп࣐ϸݚཿႲറ፟โϟஆᙄȄܼ2012Ԓ3УࢦၛϲөτᏱަ ཽϏձࣻᜱऌقϟᆪॳ፟โၦਠȂӲߗԒӓަཽϏձІࣻᜱऌقӶ ᏱਯަཽϏձ፟โϟ೪ޒݸȄήȃၦਠϸݚ
ҐН௵ңSPSSϸݚᡞໍၦਠϸݚȂၽңඣख़ಜॏ҂ְȂ֖౫ ڨϟஆҐၦਠ౫ݸȃཿႲറโ࡚пІ៊ఁيϟሰؒȄနȃःف๗ݏ
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ28
ΚȃڨஆҐၦਠϸݚ
ԥਞኻҐ50ӫڨϟஆҐၦਠȂܓրпυܓЩپഷାȂխ84ʦȇ عܓխ16ʦȄ݉ଡ଼Ԓၦп1-3Ԓϲ࣐ഷାȂխ34ʦȇڐԪΚԒпϲȂխ 28ʦȇഷЎ࣐ΟԒпαȂխ6ʦȄഷାᏱᐤпτᏱཿխഷӼȂխ80ʦȇ ڐԪᆉςᏱ՞խ20ʦȄഷାᏱᐤཿऌقȂпަཽϏձقഷӼȂխ 60ʦȂڐԪަཽᆌւᇅᒛ୧ህᏳȂөխ12ʦȇڌ่ІЎԒᆌւᏱقխ 10ʦȄҭࠊᙜ՞ޠᙜᆏпަཽϏձসഷӼȂխ88ʦȂڐԪަϏᏳস ᇅህᏳসȂөխ6ʦȄᄃࢋРԓпᎺୣȞ١ଠȟ࣐ഷӼȂխ48ʦȇڐԪ ᎺਯȞМනȟխ32ʦȇഷࡤࠍېଋխ20ʦȄ݉ଡ଼ᑫҀпѯіҀഷ Ӽխ62ʦȂڐԪѯіᑫխ22ʦȇུԽҀխ10ʦȇѯϜᑫխ6ʦȄΡȃᏱਯަϏ৲ޠཿႲറᇅ፟โ೪౫ݸ
ॷӒȂःفϜ።ࢦڨȂၛୱڐႇџᎵԚఁيϜ٘உҭ ࠊޠཿଡ଼ȄڐϜȂാӉȶණٽᇅڟ።ө݉ଡ଼ȷȂߩளϛӤཏᇅϛӤཏ ॏ34%ȂӤཏᇅߩளӤཏॏ66%ȄڐԪȂാӉȶᇅঢ়ߞໍϏ ձȷȂߩளϛӤཏᇅϛӤཏॏ54%ȂӤཏᇅߩளӤཏॏ46%ȄഷࡤȂ ႇџఁي٘пാӉȶᇅᏱҢІঢ়ߞޠᖞטϏձȷȂߩளϛӤཏᇅϛӤཏ ॏ24%ȂӤཏᇅߩளӤཏॏ76%ȄҦԫᐄᡘұȂτഌϸޠڨࣲ ӤཏႇџܛڨϟᎵԚఁي٘пാӉණٽᇅڟ።ө݉ଡ଼пІᖞטϏձȄ կȂӶȶᇅᏱਯఁ৲ໍϏձȷҭαȂࠔԥӔॏ54%ޠڨӲ ๏ߩளϛӤཏᇅϛӤཏȂѠُӶᄃଡ଼ϏձϜȂަϏ৲८ᄈᏱਯఁ৲ϟᒛ ၛȃྜྷȃڟ።ȃএᏳ๊݉ଡ଼ਣȂདޤᜌᇅѾϛ٘ȂঅூཿႲറ пІࡤ៊៊ఁيდޠ२्ՄȄ߄1ǺၸѐᎦԋ௲ػࢂցىᙍπբޑՉ ȐN=50ȑ ךၸѐޑᎦԋ௲ػىᡣךӧᏢਠගٮᆶڐፓӚ୍ܺ ߚதόӕཀ όӕཀ ӕཀ ߚதӕཀ 1Ȑ2%ȑ 16Ȑ32%ȑ 31Ȑ62%ȑ 2Ȑ4%ȑ ךၸѐޑᎦԋ௲ػىᡣךӧᏢਠᆶ௲ৣՉπբ ߚதόӕཀ όӕཀ ӕཀ ߚதӕཀ 2Ȑ4%ȑ 25Ȑ50%ȑ 21Ȑ42%ȑ 2Ȑ4%ȑ ךၸѐޑᎦԋ௲ػىᡣךӧᏢਠύࣁᏢғϷৎߏගٮᖏπբ ߚதόӕཀ όӕཀ ӕཀ ߚதӕཀ 0Ȑ0%ȑ 12Ȑ24%ȑ 36Ȑ72%ȑ 2Ȑ4%ȑ ୱڣ።ࢦࡤȂःفໍΚܼؐ2012Ԓ3УࢦၛϲөτᏱަཽϏ ձࣻᜱऌقϟᆪॳ፟โၦਠȂӲߗԒӓަཽϏձІࣻᜱऌقӶᏱਯ ަཽϏձ፟โϟ೪ޒݸȞߓ2ȟȂөਯ፟โӫᆏӼпȶᏱਯަཽϏձȷ пІȶᏱਯަཽϏձᚡȷܗȶᏱਯᇅަཽϏձᚡȷ࣐лȄڐϜпτ Ᏹഌ೪፟โ۩ӼȂөਯᆉςੳӼґ೪Ȃ༊ԥᇄіτᏱȃᇄᢋ৲ጓτ ᏱȃᓘۤτᏱᇅ්ऌτᏱ๊ਯ೪ԥᏱਯަཽϏձᚡȄ୳Ȃҭࠊ өਯ೪ࣻᜱ፟โޠ౫ݸᔯຝȂ्ႁژଌጜᆡᏱਯަཽϏձޠҭዀ ᜳпႁԚȂӶᆉςੳᆡϾଌጜϜࣻᜱ፟โᚔԄȄᎵԚଌጜϜߩѬ ्ؒᏱҢঔႇΛߟȶᏱਯަཽϏձȷ፟โܗӓґ௦ដԫٳ፟โȂ֊ ࡠཿҢґٿໍΤਯ༫ࡤ൸٘пാӉᏱਯަཽϏձᄃଡ଼ȂЏڐࣻᜱᏱ ਯҢᄙقಜᇅᏱҢᏱಭስϟህֆ፟โȂᄈུܼКᏱਯަϏ৲Յّ २्ȂܗܼᎵԚఁيࢳӶөਯߤ೪ޠȶ৲ၦஊيϜЗȷঔಭࣻᜱ፟ โȂկӶڐуٯณਰঠ೪Ҵ৲ၦஊيᇰᜍϟᏱਯȂ൸ᡘூ֩ᜳȄԄԫึ ѬཽᆒུໍᏱਯަϏ৲ȂᡲঐስᡑԚȶུսଌጜܛȷȄඳّ ϟȂኻޠ፟౫ݸȂᓎԄϭᘘጢᇅቩဓᏱਯަϏ৲ϟࡤȂऐᡘࡤ ៊ȶᒶϘȷпІȶ៊ఁيȷޠ२्ܓȄ
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ2: ߄3ǺӚਠ໒Ꮲਠޗπբፐำݩ ᏢਠӜᆀ ፐำӜᆀ Ꮲγ ᅺγ Ꮲϩ ԃભ ໒ፐԃࡋ ᆵεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 Β 99 ᆵчεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ Ʉ 3 ΟΠ/ᅺ 99/100 ܿֆεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 Ѥ 98/99/100 ᇶϘεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 ΒΠ 99 ύ୯ЎϯεᏢޗ ᅽճس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 Ο 100 ჴ፬εᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 Ο 98 ҎεᏢޗᅽ ճس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 ΒΠ 99/100 ཁᔮεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 ΟΠ 99 ᄤࠄεᏢޗࡹᆶ ޗπբس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 Β 98 ܿੇεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 Ο 98/99/100 ᓉەεᏢޗπᆶ ٽϿᅽճᏢس Ꮲਠޗπբ ᚒ Ʉ Ʉ 3 ᅺ 98/99/100 රࣽמεᏢޗ πբس Ꮲਠޗπբ /ᚒ Ʉ Ʉ 2/3 ѤΠ/ᅺ Β 98/99 ύξᙴᏢεᏢᙴ Ꮲޗᄤޗπس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 ΟΠ 99/100 ࠄᛰࣽמε Ꮲޗπբس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 ΟΠ 99/100
ଯᙴᏢεᏢᙴ Ꮲޗᄤޗπس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 ΒΠ 98/99 ߏᄪεᏢޗπ բس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 ΒΠ 96/97/100 ࡀܿࣽמεᏢޗ πբس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 3 Π 98 ऍکࣽמεᏢޗ πբس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 Ο 98/99/100 εϘࣽמεᏢޗ πբس Ꮲਠޗπբ Ʉ -- 2 ΒΠ 98 ᆵৣጄεᏢޗ πբࣴز܌ Ꮲਠᆶޗπ բᚒ -- Ʉ 3 ᅺΠ 95/100 ࡹݯεᏢޗπ բࣴز܌ -- -- -- -- -- --ύ҅εᏢޗᅽ ճس -- -- -- -- -- --ܿεᏢ҇ว ᆶޗπբس -- -- -- -- -- --٥ࢪεᏢޗπ բس -- -- -- -- -- --୯ٛεᏢЈϷ ޗπբس -- -- -- -- --
--ήȃᏱਯަϏ৲ޠ៊ఁيሰؒ
ᓎᏱਯཿህᏳসᘘτቩဓϟࡤȂ៊ఁيණЁཿึ ޠ२्ஆҰȄϲޠަϏᄃଡ଼ࣩᇅᏱࣩԄեӱᔗԫឋᚡȂ؛ۢࡤ ៊ึޠԚంᜱᗥȄᎺୣȃᎺਯϛӤᄃࢋዂԓȇϊᇅϜਯ༫Ңᄙᕘ ძϟৰȂུໍᇅၦসȂٻூ៊ఁيޠፓᚖโ࡚ቩђȄՅйȂґᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ32 ٿົႇ55ੳᏱਯޠȶᎺਯཿህᏳসȷȂՅйࡹᏱਯրέϸ࣐ȶϊ ᎺਯཿህᏳসȷܗȶϜᎺਯཿህᏳসȷȇҼԥࡹڿۢᏱਯЩ ౦ဓӉޠȶᎺୣህসȷȂԄԫήޠϛӤϏձᄙȂܛोҢޠϏձ ሰؒᇅଌጜȂґٿѫΚུໍᙜϏᇅӶᙜ៊ఁيޠ२्፟ᚡȄҭࠊ ѯᢋަཽϏձཿসڟཽȃަཽϏձ৲ϵ๊ཽཿყᡞ٠ϭٯณ੬ր ଭᄈᏱਯަཽϏձཿসᖟᒳقӗܓޠఁيଌጜᇅःಭȂᏱਯަϏ৲ ҂СτӼᇅఁي՞ܛᖟᒳϟᏱҢህᏳःಭࣁȂկٳःಭл्п ఁيህᏳϟِ࡚ڟֆᏱҢٲଡ଼ȂᇅަཽϏձٯณޣ௦ᜱᖓȂԞᛧԥ४Ȅ ໍΚؐȂڨлᢏᇰ࣐ڐ៊ఁيሰؒޠӲ๏ٿࣽȂ๗ݏᡘұ ᏱਯަϏ৲Ӷ៊ఁيሰؒαٸ२्ܓାմٸז࣐Ȟߓ3ȟȈȶߩՍ лህᏳȷխ72%ȃȶঢ়৴ϏձѾȷխ60%ȃȶਯ༫ӡᐡ౪ȷխ56%ȃ ȶྜྷڟ።Ѿȷխ54%ȃȶାӡᓏထᏱҢ࣐ህᏳȷխ52%ȃȶᏱਯ ࢈ȷխ48%ȃȶަୣၦྜȷխ44%ȃȶަཽϏձᇅݳࡢȷխ32%ȃȶఁ৲ ᒛၛȷխ32%ȃȶঢ়৴ຝȷխ28%ȃȶР೪ॏᇅຠզȷխ26%ȃȶӼ ϰНϾȷխ20%ȃȶᆡઢᚃᏱȷխ 18%ȃȶএᏳѾȷխ16%ȃȶ੬ੇఁ يȷխ14%ȃȶϵӔᜱ߾ȷխ14%ȃȶఁي౪ȷխ10%ȃȶᏱಭ౪፤ȷ խ4%ȄҦԫѠޤȂҭࠊᄃଡ଼αȂၷሰ्ޠଌጜᇅ፟โȂєࢃߩՍл ህᏳȃঢ়৴ϏձѾȃਯ༫ӡᐡ౪ȃྜྷڟ።ѾпІାӡᏱҢህᏳ ๋๊ȄѫѵȂӒަཽϏձᎵԚఁيϜ።ޠӼϰНϾȃএᏳѾȂ ծоڨᇰ࣐ᡘϑ٘ാӉ࿌ࠊᏱҢህᏳϏձȂኸณၷାሰؒȂঅூ ґٿᒳ౪៊ఁيਣϟՄȄ ߄4Ǻᝩុ௲ػᆶ૽ግሡȐፄᒧᚒȑ ৎπբ מѯ ߚԾᜫਢ ЬᇶᏤ ଯӒᓀဂ ՉࣁᇶᏤ ৎ ೖຎ Ꮲਠ Չࡹ ௲ػ চ 30 Ȑ60%ȑ 36 Ȑ72%ȑ 26 Ȑ52%ȑ 14 Ȑ28%ȑ 24 Ȑ48%ȑ 5 Ȑ10%ȑ
ޗ ၗྍ ϦӅ ᜢ߯ ਠ༜Ӓᐒ ೀ ޗπբ ᆶݤࡓ Ꮲಞ ፕ ਸ ௲ػ 22 Ȑ44%ȑ 7 Ȑ14%ȑ 28 Ȑ56%ȑ 16 Ȑ32%ȑ 2 Ȑ4%ȑ 7 Ȑ14%ȑ ᆒઓ ᙴᏢ Бਢी ᆶຑ ௲ৣ ᒌ၌ ঀᏤ מѯ ྎ೯ڐፓ מѯ ӭϡ Ўϯ 9 Ȑ18%ȑ 13 Ȑ26%ȑ 16 Ȑ32%ȑ 8 Ȑ16%ȑ 27 Ȑ54%ȑ 10 Ȑ20%ȑ ഢຏǺӕཀޣ՞ӄᡏڙ၂ޣȐN=50ȑϐК
Ӄȃ๗፤ᇅ࡛ឋ
Κȃ๗፤
ॷӒȂःف๗ݏٿࣽȂཿႲറᇅ៊ఁيᄈϲᏱਯަཽϏձ ཿϾԥڐ२्ቌঅȄկϲޠᏱਯަཽϏձޠᎵԚఁيϜȂஆܼө ਯึᇅ੬ՔȂٯߩөঐަཽϏձقܛࣲԥ೪ᏱਯަཽϏձ፟ โȂйӶ፟โ೪ॏαηુнقಜܓდȂпҭࠊཿসनෂл्ٿՍ ུӉަཽϏձ৲ܗڐуስᙾᙜȂڏԥ٘ാӉΩᇅཿႲ റໍΤਯ༫ٲᏱҢህᏳϏձȂঅூໍΚؐݚȄЏڐȂڨණژ ȶᇅఁ৲ϏձȷޠѾϬ༽ϛ٘ȄՅйȂਯ༫ህᏳᄃଡ଼ᇅަϏ݉ଡ଼ϜȂ ڏറࣻᜱҢᄙقಜϏձᇅၯཿӬձޠޤᜌᇅΩӶᎵԚఁيϜᅌ२ ्ᜱᗥȂঅூࡤ៊ᢏᄇȄ ڐԪȂᏱਯަཽϏձ৲лᢏޤញҭࠊᄃଡ଼Ϗձαሰ्ޠ៊ఁي ፟โȂٸזєࢃȈȶߩՍлህᏳȷȃȶঢ়৴ϏձѾȷȃȶਯ༫ӡ ᐡ౪ȷȃȶྜྷڟ።ѾȷȃȶାӡᓏထᏱҢ࣐ህᏳȷȃȶᏱਯ ࢈ȷȃȶަୣၦྜȷȃȶަཽϏձᇅݳࡢȷȃȶఁ৲ᒛၛȷȃȶঢ়৴ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ34 ຝȷȃȶР೪ॏᇅຠզȷȃȶӼϰНϾȷȃȶᆡઢᚃᏱȷȃȶএᏳ Ѿȷȃȶ੬ੇఁيȷȃȶϵӔᜱ߾ȷȃȶఁي౪ȷȃȶᏱಭ౪፤ȷȄ αख़ޠଌጜሰؒٿࣽȂєࢃޣ௦݉ଡ଼ᇅ௦݉ଡ଼ΡȄඳّϟȂᏱਯ ަཽϏձ৲ڏറᖞטϮΤѾпІᏱਯҢᄙᇅఁي࢈ࣻᜱ౪፤ޤᜌȂ ᄈڐСளϏձޠጃΫϸ२्Ȃٳሰؒηࡤ៊ᒳ౪៊ఁي፟โਣ ޠ२्ஆᙄȄ
Ρȃ࡛ឋ
ᓎȮҖఁيݳȯޠঔҔȂߵԚΠᏱਯህᏳఁ৲пІཿህᏳ সጢښޠݳښϾȂᙥҦࡤ៊ᏱҢህᏳཿΩޠቩ೪ȂጃᄃණЁਯ༫ህ Ᏻޠ໕Ȅ୳ȂᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ޠཿႲറᇅ៊ఁيኈґٿߞ ึޠ२्ᜱᗥȂҐНᐄԫණяήᘉ࡛ឋȂණٽґٿ࢈๋დᇅᄃଡ଼ึ ՄȄ ᨧ࡛ဋᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ਰЗΩϟࡿዀ ଫϲڐуཿስޠձݳȂ࡛ҴᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ϟਰЗΩࡿ ዀȂپԄ৲ၦஊيϟዀྦȂःឋȶᙜࠊఁيཿ፟โۢȷȂٸᐄਰЗ ΩࡿዀȂึࣻᜱ፟โȂٯېҦτᏱܗཿყᡞᒳ౪ᏱਯህᏳཿ সޠஊي፟โᇅᏱऌȄ ᨨщᄃᏱਯަཽϏձ៊ఁيϟ፵ᇅ໕ ུဓӉཿህᏳসژᙜࡤ3ঐУϲᔗ௦ڨޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ ۻᒳ౪ϟஆᙄஊଌ፟โՎЎ40ϊਣȂϲৡᔗєࢃ݉ଡ଼ϲৡȃఁيཿȃ ህᏳཿȃᆪӬձІࣻᜱݳц๊ȄпІࡤ៊ӉཿህᏳসȂؑԒ ᔗ௦ڨӶᙜໍঔ፟โՎЎ18ϊਣȄٳӶᙜໍঔ፟โᒳ౪ᐡᜱȂۢп ޣᗓҀȃᑫȞҀȟ࢈ۻȃτᏱਯଲȃࣻᜱཿϵཽȃڟཽȃᏱཽܗ௱ ަ࢈ህᏳϟᐡᄻȃყᡞᒳ౪йᇅཿଡ଼ࣻᜱ࣐४ȄӱԫȂ࡛ឋөᑫҀ࢈ۻఁيȞȟᔗقಜܓޠდΚᐍޠ៊ఁيᏱϸᇅऌҭȂ࡛Ҵ ȶཿህᏳস/ᏱਯަཽϏձ៊ఁي৲ၦΩၦਠ৳ȷȂпණٽᐍ ஊଌȂпቩђஉཿޤȂණାಒΚጤᏱਯަϏ৲ϟᙜᛨۢȄ ᨩःឋᏱਯަཽϏձऌښ࡚ϟѠܓ ӱᔗᘘጢࡤޠᏱਯަཽϏձ৲ഛ៊ໍΤਯ༫ᇅҖϜϊᏱᏱҢ ህᏳϏձȂٳཿህᏳসޠՄਰȃܤ༔ȃଌጜᇅၽңȂਗ਼І៊ఁ يޠሰؒٽȂဓӉᐡᜱᇅཿყᡞԄեࡧՄࡤ៊ձݳȂ౫ԥޠऌ ަཽϏձ৲ϟϥঐϸऌȈᚃଡ଼ȇЗ౪ፐҢȇڌ่ȃЎԒȃஐυІঢ়৴ȇ ՃȇٙЗሬᛥऌѵȂՄኍःឋȶᏱਯަཽϏձऌȷޠѠܓᇅሰ ؒȂпණٽޠᆌւ݉ଡ଼Ȅ
ᏢਠޗπբৣϐႣഢᆶᝩុ௲ػሡፓ Θ36
ՄНᝧ
ɺȮʑᄽⵒӠ ЦЎྻȐ2005ȑǶࡌᄬಖيᏢಞޗπբᝩុ௲ػڋࡋǺፕਠѦᏢಞԋ ൩ᇡޑၮҔǶȠޗࡹᆶޗπբᏢтȡǴ9Ȑ1ȑǴ1-23Ƕ ВȐ2000ȑǶȠך୯୯ύ୯λᏢਠޗπբڋࡋࡌᄬϐࣴزȡǶܿ ੇεᏢޗπբᏢسറγፕЎǶ ݅യကȐ2007ȑǶȠᏢਠޗπբ୍ܺȡǶѠчǺᏢǶ ݅ሹȐ2010ȑǶNASWᏢਠޗπբ୍ܺྗ߾ǶၩԾ݅ሹЬጓȠᏢ ਠᇶᏤი໗πբǺᏢਠޗπբৣǵᇶᏤ௲ৣᆶЈৣޑӝբȡ Ȑ।603-612ȑǶѠчǺϖࠄǶ ݅ሹǵЦᓉඁȐ2010ȑǶޗπբΕਠ༜ǶၩԾ݅ሹЬጓȠᏢਠ ᇶᏤი໗πբǺᏢਠޗπբৣǵᇶᏤ௲ৣᆶЈৣޑӝբȡȐ। 79-116ȑǶѠчǺϖࠄǶ चύەȐ2001ȑǶ่ᄬᆶӝᢀᗺǺঁЍှޑᆵᏢਠޗπբ ຝǶȠѠчᑜ୯҇ύᏢᇶᏤΓीჄԋ݀ࣴЋнȡǶ ѠчǺѠчᑜࡹ۬Ƕ चύەȐ2011aȑǶ୯҇௲ػݤಃΜచঅ҅ࡕᏢਠޗπբޑวᚒǶ ȠޗวۑтȡǴ135Ǵ58-71Ƕ चύەȐ2011bȑǶᏢਠޗπբჴ୍ύޑউٿᜤǶȠ௲ػЈᏢ ൔȡǴ42Ȑ4ȑǴ543-566Ƕ ३ෝޗπբޣຏнֽȐ2012ȑǶȠޗπբޣຏнచٯȡǶ2012ԃ3Д 29ВЇԾ३ෝޗπբޣຏнֽᆛ। http://www.swrb.org.hk/chiasp/ ordinance_index_c.asp ३ෝ୷࿎௲୍ܺೀȐ2010ȑǶȠཥΕᙍᏢਠޗπᏤӛਜፐำȡǶ३ ෝǺ୷࿎௲୍ܺೀǶ ӀߝȐ2011ȑǶፕวޗπբᝩុ௲ػޑख़ा܄ǶȠᙍਔޜȡǴ7ቺᖃǵֆሺȐ2009ȑǶȠ௲ػہૼᏢғᇶᏤݤਢϦ᠋ीჄԋ ݀ൔȡǶѠчǺѠᇶᏤᆶᒌᏢǶ ௲ػȐ2012ȑǶȠύᏢਠǵ୯҇λᏢ௲ৣৣၗᙍ௲ػፐำ௲ػ ፐำࣽҞϷᏢϩȡǶ2012ԃ3Д29ВЇԾ௲ػᆛ। http://www. edu.tw/¿ les/site_content/b0037/2-2-1.doc ጰӵȐ2002ȑǶޗπբΓӧᙍ૽ግϐݩᆶ҂ٰఈǶȠޗ วۑтȡǴ99Ǵ190-197Ƕ Ꮲਠޗπբ୍ܺᆕӝࡰЇπբλಔȐ2000ȑǶȠᏢਠޗπբܺ ୍ၠӝբࡰЇȡǶ३ෝǺޗᅽճǶ ʷȮᄽⵒӠ
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