2009 ڣ 6 ִΔ 85-114 2009- 2-23 گᒚΔ2009-4-27 ຏመע࿆
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ᜱ ܼ ѯ С ር க ࡆ φ υ С ᇮ ཽ ၘ ң ᇮ ϟ Մ ᄇ !
ࣚ ຝ ભ ၆*ኴ
ء ઔ ߒ א 10 ټ ڇ ൷ ࠹ ඒ ߛ ऱ ֲ ഏ Ꮎ ദ ৗ Ֆ ኙ ွ Δ ല ྡྷ រ ᆜ ࣍ OBC ᓫ ᇷ ற խ ࢬ נ ऱ ᎄ ش Δ ಾ ኙ ࠡ ᐛ ף א ە ኘ Ζ ᖕ ։ ࣫ ࣠ व Κ ឈ آ ߠ ᠨ հ ၴ ऱ ش ֗ ੌ ೯ ࢤ Δ ܀ ڇ ֮ ऄ ૿ ࿇ ڍ ܗ ဲ ፖ ೯ ဲ ֗ ܗ ೯ ဲ ऱ ᎄ ش Ζ ܛ ࠌ ֱ ૿ ኙ ڕ ੌ Δ ྥ ۖ ԫ ؟ ګ ᓤ Δ ዌ ທ ૿ ऱ ᙑ ᎄ ঁ ઌ ᅝ ᧩ ထ Ζ ٦ ृ Δ ᣂ ࣍ ઔ ߒ ኙ ွ ڇ ֲ ൄ س ᅝ խ ለ ֟ ᆖ ᧭ հ ߢ ۩ ೯Δᖞ ᧯ ࠐ ᎅΔ࿇ ψ ნ լ ߩ ωΕψ լ ክ ᄃ ߢ ࠌ ش ω հ ᐛ Ζ խ ֮ հ ե ௫ ွ Δ ೈ ڗ հ ؆ ࡸ ࿇ Ա Κ ڂ ೯ ဲ რ ᆠ ࠌ ش ᒤ լ ٵ ۖ ข س հ ֲ ᎄ ش Ζ ᣂ ࣍ ᎄ ش ፖ ڣ հ ၴ ऱ ᣂ এ Δ ᎄ ش ࠀ آ ᙟ ထ ڣ ᏺ ९ ۖ ྇ ֟ Ζ ྥ ۖ Δ ڶ ᦸ ࣍ ψ ࿇ ᇩ փ ୲ ᙟ ڣ ᏺ ९ ۖ ყ ࿇ ᇡ ጐ ᠆ ༄ ω ԫ រ Δ ࠀ ྤ ऄ ొ چ ല ։ ࣫ ᇷ ற խ հ ᎄ ش ᑇ ၦ ፖ ֲ ౨ Ժ ࠐ ܂ ຑ Ζ ڇ ֲ ᎄ ش ऱ ጟ ᣊ ᅝ խ ଡ Գ ฆ ࢤ ઌ ᅝ ՕΔ ृ ᎁ Κψ ֲ ൄ ऱ ֲ ࠌ ش ΰ ڂ ᛩ ቼ ፖ ࢤ ۖ ڶ ࢬ լ ٵ α ࢬ ທ ګ ऱ ᐙ ω Ո ᑇ լ ֟ Ζ ᣂ ဲ Κ խ ֲ ᠨ ࠌ ش ृ Ε ֲ ഏ Ꮎ ദ ৗ Ֆ Ε OBCΕ ֲ ᎄ ش ! * Օ ᖂ ֲ ء ֮ ᖂ ߓ ᝑ ஃA Study of Oral Japanese of Children of
Japanese-Taiwanese International Married Couples
Hattori, Miki*
Abstract
This paper is intended as an investigation of characteristic of errors in oral Japanese of ten Japanese-Chinese bilingual children whose parents are Japanese-Taiwanese international married couples.
OBC is used to collect data and the result shows that most of the grammatical errors are use of particles, verbs, auxiliary verbs, and making complex sentences.
Some tasks which informants rarely experience in their daily life seem to be quite hard to achieve.
Interference of Chinese are found both in nouns and verbs, most of which are caused by difference of range of meaning between Japanese and Chinese.
As a whole, errors made in their oral Japanese are dependent on person, and understanding of each child’s language proficiency as well as their personality and lifestyle environment is needed to support their acquisition of Japanese.
Keywords: Japanese-Chinese bilingual, children of Japanese-Taiwanese international married couple, OBC, errors in oral Japanese
* Lecturer of the Department of Japanese Language and Literature, National Taiwan University
ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ৻ ⠨ ኤ
ࣚ ຝ ભ ၆* ڱ
ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ߪ ޔบ ḧ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ᢎ ⢒ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߡ ࠆ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ 10 ฬ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߦ ⴕ ߞ ߚ OBC ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ޔᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߩ ․ ᓽ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⠨ ኤ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕ ᢥ ᴺ 㕙 ߢ ߪ ഥ ⹖ ߣ േ ⹖ ߮ ഥ േ ⹖ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ᄙ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ⶄ ᢥ ߩ ᭴ ㅧ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ⋡ ┙ ߟ ઁ ޔ વ ⸒ ╬ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ᥉ Ბ ߹ ࠅ ⚻ 㛎 ߒ ߥ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ⺆ ᒵ ߩ ਇ ⿷ ߿ ᢘ ⺆ ߩ ↪ ߥ ߤ ਇ ᘠ ࠇ ߥ ὐ ߇ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ో ⥸ ߦ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߪ ޔ ฬ ⹖ ߣ േ ⹖ ߦ ࠄ ࠇ ޔ ᗧ ⊛ ↪ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ㆑ ߆ ࠄ ↢ ߓ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ᄙ ߎ ߣ ߇ ࠊ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ᐕ 㦂 ߇ 㜞 ߊ ߥ ࠇ ߫ ⺋ ↪ ߇ ᷫ ࠆ ߣ ߁ ߽ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ߡ ߘ ߩ ⊒ ౝ ኈ ߇ ࠃ ࠅ ߒ ߊ ⼾ ߆ ߢ ߞ ߚ ߎ ߣ ࠍ 㐓 ߺ ࠆ ߣ ޔ න ⚐ ߦ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ᢙ ߣ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ⚿ ߮ ߟ ߌ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ߢ ߈ ߥ ޕ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ⒳ 㘃 ߿ 㗫 ᐲ ߦ ߪ ੱ Ꮕ ߇ ᄢ ߈ ߊ ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߣ ᕈ ᩰ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᥉ Ბ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ↪ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ߽ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ వ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ ߢ ߽ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ሶ ߤ ߽ ࠍ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߦ ⢒ ߡ ࠆ ⛘ ኻ ⊛ ߥ ᣇ ᴺ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ᕈ ߿ ⸒ ⺆ ↢ ᵴ ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ߚ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߩ ᚻ ഥ ߌ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߇ ㊀ ⷐ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ࠠ ࡢ ࠼ 㧦 ਛ ᣣ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ޔ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ޔ OBCޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ! ! * บ ḧ ᄢ ቇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢥ ቇ ♽ ⻠ Ꮷᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ৻ ⠨ ኤ
ࣚ ຝ ભ ၆ ৻ ޔ ߪ ߓ ߦ บ ḧ ߢ ߪ ޔ ㄭ ᐕ บ ḧ ੱ ߩ ㈩ ⠪ ߣ ߒ ߡ บ ḧ ߦ ዬ ⇐ ߔ ࠆ ᄖ ࿖ ੱ ߇ Ⴧ ߃ ࠆ ะ ߦ ࠆ ޕ ਛ ࿖ ᄢ 㒽 り ⠪ ࠍ 㒰 ߊ ߣ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ㈩ ⠪ ߩ ᢙ ߪ ޔ ↵ ᕈ ߪ ࠲ ࠗ ߣ ࠕ ࡔ ࠞ ߦ ᰴ ߋ 3 ⇟ ⋡ ޔ ᅚ ᕈ ߪ ࡌ ࠻ ࠽ ࡓ ޔ ࠗ ࡦ ࠼ ࡀ ࠪ ࠕ ޔ ࠲ ࠗ ޔ ࡈ ࠖ ࡇ ࡦ ߦ ᰴ ߢ 5 ⇟ ⋡ ߦ ᄙ 1ޕ บ ḧ ੱ ↵ ᕈ ߣ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ᅚ ᕈ ߩ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ⚿ ᇕ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߪ ޔ ㄭ ᐕ บ ḧ ߣ ᣣ ᧄ એ ᄖ ߩ ࠕ ࡔ ࠞ ߿ ࠞ ࠽ ࠳ ߥ ߤ ⧷ ⺆ ߩ ╙ ਃ ࿖ ߢ ⍮ ࠅ ว ߞ ߡ ⚿ ᇕ ߦ ⥋ ࠆ ࠤ ࠬ ߇ Ⴧ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ┻ ਅ 㧔 2004㧕 ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ⺞ ᩏ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߢ ࠆ 184 ฬ ߩ บ ḧ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ᆄ ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ ⍮ ࠅ ว ߞ ߚ ႐ ᚲ ࠍ ⚿ ᇕ ߒ ߚ ᤨ ᦼ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ಽ ߌ ࠆ ߣ ޔ1971 ᐕ એ ೨ ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ߢ ⍮ ࠅ ว ߞ ߡ ⚿ ᇕ ߦ ⥋ ߞ ߚ ᄦ ᇚ ߇ 8 ഀ એ ࠍ භ ߡ ߚ ߇ ޔ1987 ᐕ એ 㒠 ߪ ߘ ߩ ഀ ว ߪ 5 ഀ ᒙ ߦ ߥ ࠅ ޔ1996 ᐕ એ 㒠 ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ࠕ ࡔ ࠞ ߿ ࠞ ࠽ ࠳ ߥ ߤ ߩ ⧷ ⺆ ߢ ⍮ ࠅ ว ߞ ߚ ࠤ ࠬ ߇ 37㧑 ߣ ᦨ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ㧔 ┻ ਅ , 2004:43㧕ޕ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ᄌ ൻ ߦ ޔ บ ḧ ੱ ߩ ᄦ ߇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ℂ ⸃ ߒ ߥ ᣣ บ ᇕ ᆪ ኅ ᐸ ߩ ഀ ว ߽ ᄙ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߣ ߽ ⸒ ߃ ࠆ ߛ ࠈ ߁ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ῳ ⷫ ߇ บ ḧ ੱ ߩ ࿖ 㓙 ⚿ ᇕ ኅ ᐸ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ቇ ᩞ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ บ ḧ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ሶ ߤ ߽ ࠍ ㅢ ࠊ ߖ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ะ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߢ ߽ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߣ ⥄ ಽ ߩ ߣ ᧪ ࠍ ⠨ ߃ ߡ ޔ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߦ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ⠌ ᓧ ߐ ߖ ߚ ߣ ᦸ ࠎ ߢ ࠆ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ߩ Უ ⷫ ߪ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ޕ บ ർ ߢ ߪ ޔ บ ḧ ੱ ↵ ᕈ ߣ ⚿ ᇕ ߒ ሶ ߤ ߽ ࠍ บ ḧ ߩ ዊ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ㅢ ࠊ ߖ ߡ ࠆ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ߩ Უ ⷫ ߇ ޔ ⥄ ಽ ߚ ߜ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߳ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ႐ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޔ 2001 ᐕ ߦ ޟ บ ർ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᬺ ᩞ 㧔 એ ਅ ޔޟ ᬺ ᩞ ޠ2㧕ޠ ࠍ ┙ ߜ 1 ౝ ㇱ ⒖ ᳃ ⟑ ో ⾗ ⸙ ✂ 㧪 ⛔ ⸘ ⾗ ᢱ 㧪 ⥑ Ἠ ඟ ᄖ ☋ ㈩ ዬ ⇐ ⛔ ⸘ 㧔 ᜲ ☋ ඟ ၞ ಽ ᳃ 97 ᐕ 11 ⒖ ᳃ ോ ⚵ 㧕 htt p :// www.i mmi grati on.gov.t w/a s pcode/ 9 711/⥑ Ἠ ඟ ᄖ ☋ ㈩ ዬ ⇐ ⛔ ⸘ 㧔 ᜲ ☋ ඟ ၞ ಽ 㧕 . doc2 ⸳ ┙ ᒰ ೋ ߩ ฬ ⒓ ߪ ޟ บ ർ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ⃰ ޠ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߹ ߢ ߩ ⚻ ✲ ߿ ᵴ േ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ㇱ ⟤ ⾆㧔 20 08 㧕ޟ บ ർ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᬺ ᩞ ߩ 7 ᐕ ߩ ᱠ ߺ ޠޡ MH B ⎇ ⓥ ળ 20 08 ᐕ ᐲ ᄢ ળ ࡃ ࠗ ࠹ ࡞ ࡃ ࠗ ࠞ ࡞ ࠴ ࡖ ߩ ⢒ ᚑ ࠍ ⋡ ᜰ ߒ ߡ 㧙 ታ 〣 ߣ ⺖ 㗴 㧙 ޢ
ߍ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߎ ߢ Ფ ㅳ ᦐ ᣣ ߩ ੑ ᤨ 㑆 ޔ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߣ ߒ ߚ ᐜ ఽ ߆ ࠄ ਛ ቇ ↢ ߹ ߢ ߩ ⚂ 100 ฬ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߇ ޔ ⥄ ಽ ߩ ቇ ᐕ ߦ ᔕ ߓ ߚ ᢎ ⑼ ᦠ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ᣣ ᧄ ߩ ޟ ࿖ ⺆ ޠ ࠍ ീ ᒝ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᬺ ᩞ ߪ 㕖 ༡ ⚵ ❱ ߢ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ㆇ ༡ ߪ ߔ ߴ ߡ ⼔ ⠪ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ࡏ ࡦ ࠹ ࠖ ࠕ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ╩ ⠪ ߪ ޔ2005 ᐕ 2 ߆ ࠄ ߩ ᆷ ߩ ᬺ ᩞ ߳ ߩ ෳ ട ߣ ห ᤨ ߦ ޔ ⼔ ⠪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᬺ ᩞ ߩ ㆇ ༡ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߣ ᐔ ⴕ ߒ ߡ ޔ ਥ ߦ ᆷ ߩ ☋ ߔ ࠆ ࠢ ࠬ ߦ ߟ ߡ ቇ ⠌ ႐ 㕙 ߿ ᬺ ᓟ ߩ ㆆ ߮ ߩ ႐ 㕙 ߩ ෳ ਈ ⷰ ኤ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᐜ ఽ ᦼ ߿ ዊ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ቇ ߒ ߡ 㑆 ߽ ߥ ሶ ߤ ߽ ࠍ ᜬ ߟ ⷫ ߩ ਛ ߦ ߪ ޔ ࿐ ߩ ੱ ߆ ࠄ ޟ ዊ ߐ ᤨ ߦ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ 㧔 ᚗ ߪ ߘ ࠇ એ 㧕 ߦ ធ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߣ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߇ ᷙ ੂ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߆ ޕޠߣ ⸒ ࠊ ࠇ ߚ ࠅ ޔሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ߔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⺋ ↪ ߦ ធ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ᐜ ዋ ᤨ ߩ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ૬ ↪ ߪ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߦ ᖡ ᓇ 㗀 ࠍ ߷ ߔ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߆ ߣ ᩺ ߓ ࠆ ੱ ߽ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ޕ ㇱ 㧔 2005㧕 ߪ ޔ ᬺ ᩞ ߦ ☋ ߔ ࠆ ᐜ ఽ ߆ ࠄ ߣ ਛ ቇ ↢ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ࠍ ᜬ ߟ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ߩ Უ ⷫ 15 ฬ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߦ ޔሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߩ ߚ ߩ ࠰ ࠬ ߿ ቇ ⠌ ߩ 㗴 ὐ ߥ ߤ ߦ ߟ ߡ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߩ ᤨ ኻ ⽎ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߚ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߪ 31 ฬ ߢ ࠆ ޕߘ ߩ ਛ ߢ ޔሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߢ ᳇ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ὐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ޔ ᄙ ࿁ ╵ ߆ ࠄ 㗅 ߦ Ԙ ⺆ ᒵ ജ ਇ ⿷ ԙ ⺒ ߺ ᦠ ߈ ⢻ ജ ਇ ⿷ Ԛ ᣣ ਛ ṽ ሼ ߩ ᷙ ↪ ԛ ↵ ߩ ሶ ߇ ᅚ ᕈ ⸒ ⪲ ࠍ ↪ Ԝ ᢘ ⺆ ߩ ↪ ԝ Უ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ߩ ታ ኅ ߩ ᣇ ⸒ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 Ԟ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߦ ಽ 㘃 ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ Ԙ ߪ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ቇ ᐕ ࠍ ࠊ ߕ ో ⊛ ߦ ᄙ ߊ ޔ ԙ ߪ ዊ ቇ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ਛ ቇ ↢ ޔ Ԛ ߪ ዊ ቇ ૐ ቇ ᐕ ޔ Ԝ ߪ ዊ ቇ ਛ ቇ ᐕ ߩ ⷫ ߩ ࿁ ╵ ߇ ᄙ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ⥝ ᷓ ߩ ߪ ޔ ᄖ ࿖ ⺆ ቇ ⠌ ߦ ߅ ߡ ޔ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ᢎ Ꮷ ߿ ቇ ⠌ ⠪ ᧄ ੱ ߦ ߣ ߞ ߡ ᦨ ߽ ᳇ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ὐ ߩ ৻ ߟ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ߇ ޔ ߎ ߩ ᤨ ߩ ࿁ ╵ ߢ ߪ ᢥ ᴺ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ 㗴 ὐ ߪ ⺕ ߆ ࠄ ߽ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ↢ ߹ ࠇ ߚ ߣ ߈ ߆ ࠄ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ૬ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߦ ߪ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ߥ ߩ ߛ ࠈ ߁ ߆ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ታ 㓙 ߦ ߪ http://www.mhb.jp/2008/07/2008_1.html ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ߩ ߎ ߣ ޕ
ᬺ ᩞ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߩ ᦠ ߈ ⸒ ⪲ ߿ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߦ ߪ ߿ ߪ ࠅ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߽ ߒ ߫ ߒ ߫ ⷰ ኤ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ቇ ᐕ ߇ ߇ ࠆ ߦ ߟ ࠇ ߡ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ߊ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ߆ ޕ ᚗ ߪ ቯ ⌕ ߒ ߿ ߔ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ࠆ ߩ ߛ ࠈ ߁ ߆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ⥝ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ╩ ⠪ ߪ บ ḧ ߩ ᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ታ 㓙 ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ↪ ߦ ߪ ౕ ⊛ ߦ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ะ ߇ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ࠍ ត ࠆ ߚ ޔ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ᐕ 㦂 ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ 㓸 ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ࠄ ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ޔ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ․ ᓽ ࠍ ߒ ߚ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ᐕ 㦂 ⷐ ࿃ ߣ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޕ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߦ ․ ᓽ ⊛ ߥ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ࠆ ߩ ߛ ࠈ ߁ ߆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ὐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ޕ ੑ ޔ వ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ 㧔 ৻ 㧕 ᐕ ዋ ⠪ ߩ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ⎇ ⓥ ߎ ࠇ ߹ ߢ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ⎇ ⓥ ߪ ޔ ⧷ ⺆ ߣ ߩ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ⎇ ⓥ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ࠍ භ ߡ ߅ ࠅ㧔 ጊ ᧄ , 1996:50㧕ޔᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ૬ ↪ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߩ ⎇ ⓥ ߪ ዋ ߥ 㧔 ᧘ , 2006:2㧕ޕ ᣣ ᧄ ߢ ਔ ⷫ ߩ Უ ⺆ ࠍ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ⧷ ⺆ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ⧷ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ Yamamoto㧔 2001㧕ߩ ⎇ ⓥ ߢ ߪ ޔ⧷ ⺆ ࠍ ߞ ߡ ᢎ ߃ ࠆ ቇ ᩞ㧔 ࠕ ࡔ ࠞ ࡦ ࠬ ࠢ ࡞ ߿ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࠽ ࠪ ࡚ ࠽ ࡞ ࠬ ࠢ ࡞ ޔᶏ ᄖ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ߥ ߤ 㧕 ߢ ቇ ߮ ޔ ఱ ᒉ ᆌ ᆂ ߇ ߥ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ႐ ว ߦ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ߢ ߩ 㕖 ਥ ᵹ ⸒ ⺆ ߢ ࠆ ⧷ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߇ ଦ ㅴ ߐ ࠇ ߿ ߔ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߢ ߞ ߚ 㧔 Yamamoto, 2001:127㧕ޕ߹ ߚ ޔዬ ␠ ળ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᒰ ⸒ ⺆ ߳ ߩ ␠ ળ ⊛ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ 㕖 ਥ ᵹ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ⠌ ᓧ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ⷐ ࿃ ߩ ৻ ߟ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ⧷ ⺆ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߿ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߢ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ 㜞 ߊ ⹏ ଔ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ᣣ ᧄ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߢ ߐ ߃ ሶ ߤ ߽ ࠍ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߦ ⢒ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ 㔍 ߒ ߣ ߁ ⁁ ᴫ ࠍ 㐓 ߺ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ઁ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ⠌ ᓧ ߪ ᦝ ߦ ࿎ 㔍 ߥ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߆ ߣ ᜰ ៰ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 Yamamoto, 2001:129㧕ޕ ᐕ ዋ ⠪ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ߦ ߪ ߐ ߹ ߑ ߹ ߥ ᒻ ᘒ ߇ ࠆ ޕਛ ፉ ઁ㧔 2000:1㧕 ߢ ߪ ߎ ࠇ ࠍ ޟ Უ ⺆ ᒝ ߩ ߚ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ 㧔 Japanese as a Native
Language એ ਅ ޔޟ JNLޠ㧕ޠޟ ⷫ వ ߩ Უ ⺆ ⛮ ᛚ ߩ ߚ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ 㧔 Japanese as a Heritage Language એ ਅ ޔޟ JHLޠ㧕ޠޟ ╙ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ 㧔 Japanese as a Second Language એ ਅ ޔޟ JSLޠ㧕ޠޟ ᄖ ࿖ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ 㧔 Japanese as a Foreign Language એ ਅ ޔޟ JFLޠ㧕ޠ ߩ 4 ߟ ߦ ᄢ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ บ ḧ ߦ ዬ ߔ ࠆ ᣣ บ ᇕ ᆪ ኅ ᐸ ߩ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ߪ ޔߎ ߩ ߁ ߜ JHL ߦ ಽ 㘃 ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ޕߎ ߩ JHL ߩ ળ ജ ߩ ․ ᓽ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޔ 㧔 a㧕JHL ߪ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ 㑆 ߦ ᵹ േ ᕈ ߇ ࠅ ޔᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߁ ߹ ߊ ߢ ߈ ߥ ߣ ޔ ⺆ ߦ ಾ ࠅ ᦧ ߃ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 b㧕JHL ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ኅ ᐸ ࠍ ࡌ ࠬ ߣ ߒ ߚ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠤ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ߪ ⍴ ⇛ ⊛ ߦ ߥ ࠅ ߇ ߜ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᦨ ዊ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ᗧ ᔒ વ ㆐ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦޟ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߩ ᔕ ╵ ޠޟ ᧂ ቢ ᚑ ᢥ ޠߩ ↪ ߇ ᄙ ޕ㧔 ਛ ⇛ 㧕 JHL ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ޔ JSL ߩ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߣ ߪ ⇣ ⾰ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޔ ⊛ ߦ ߪ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߞ ߡ ߽ ޔታ 㓙 ߦ ߪޟ ᢥ ࡌ ࡞㧔 ਛ ⚖ 㧕ޠޟ Ბ ⪭ ࡌ ࡞㧔 ⚖ 㧕ޠߩ ታ ജ ࠍ ᜬ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ႐ ว ߇ ᄙ ޕ 㧔 c㧕ኅ ᐸ ࡌ ࠬ ߩ ળ ߪ ᣣ Ᏹ ⨥ 㘵 ߩ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ળ ߪ ࠬ ࡓ ࠭ ߢ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ᔨ ⊛ ޔ ⽎ ⊛ ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ޔ⺆ ᒵ ߇ ਇ ⿷ ߒ ޔ Ბ ⪭ ߇ ߹ ߣ ߹ ࠄ ߥ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ৻ ᵹ ᥰ ߦ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߢ ߽ ޔഥ ⹖ ߩ ⣕ ⪭ ޔL2 ߣ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ޔᢥ ߩ ਇ ৻ ⥌ ߥ ߤ ߩ 㗴 ࠍ ᛴ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 d㧕ੑ ⸒ ⺆ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߢ ⢒ ߟ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ႐ ว ޔ ߃ ߫ޟ Sunday ߦ subway ߢ meet ߔ ࠆ 㧫 ޠߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ᷙ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ⠌ ᘠ ߇ ߟ ߡ ࠆ ႐ ว ߇ ࠆ ޕ ߇ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 ਛ ፉ ઁ , 2000:11㧕ޕ ᧘ 㧔 2006㧕 ߪ ޔ ᐕ ዋ ⠪ ߩ ᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ᢙ ዋ ߥ ⎇ ⓥ ߩ ৻ ߟ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᧘ ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ߦ ṛ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ਔ ⷫ ߩ ߤ ߜ ࠄ ߆ ᚗ ߪ ੑ ੱ ߇ บ ḧ ੱ ߢ ޔ ᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ࠗ ࡑ ࠫ ࡚ ࡦ ᢎ ⢒ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ㅢ ߁ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߩ ᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ⺆ ᒵ ޔ ᢥ ᴺ ޔ ⺒ ⸃ ߩ 㕙 ߆ ࠄ ❑ ᢿ ⊛ ߦ ᷹ ቯ ߒ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ⢻ ജ ߣ ᐕ 㦂 ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᔃ ℂ ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ߣ ߩ 㑐 ㅪ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⠨ ኤ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ
ᐕ 㦂 ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔᢅ ᗵ ᦼ㧔 11 ᱦ એ 㒠 㧕એ 㒠 ߦ ᧪ ᣣ ߒ ߚ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߇ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ⠌ ᓧ ߣ ᜬ ߇ ߒ ߿ ߔ ߊ ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᔃ ℂ ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ޟ ቇ ⠌ ᗧ ᰼ ޠޟ ㅴ 〝 ޠޟ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ߩ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ធ ⸅ 㗫 ᐲ ߿ 㑐 ଥ ޠ ߦ 㑐 ㅪ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ᢥ ᴺ 㕙 ߦ ߅ ߡ ߪ ޔ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߦ ㅢ ߩ ㇱ ಽ ߪ ⠌ ᓧ ߒ ߿ ߔ ߊ ޔ ㅢ ߢ ߪ ߥ ㇱ ಽ ߪ ޟ ⺆ 㗅 ޠ ࠍ 㒰 ߈ ޔ ࿎ 㔍 ߢ ࠆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߢ ߪ ޟ ჿ ⺞ ޠޟ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ᚑ ⺆ ޠ ߢ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߪ ޟ ഥ ⹖ ޠޟ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ᢘ ⺆ ޠޟ ഥ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ᯏ ⢻ ⺆㧔 ⺆ የ ᄌ ൻ 㧕ޠ߇ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ߚ ࠆ ޕ㧔 ᧘ , 2006:70㧕 ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ వ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃ ޔ ታ 㓙 ߩ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ⊒ ߦ ߪ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ะ ߇ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ౕ ⊛ ߦ ߪ ਛ ፉ ઁ 㧔 2000㧕 ߢ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ․ ᓽ ߦ ว ⥌ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ޕ 㧔 ੑ 㧕 OBC ߦ ߟ ߡ
Oral proficiency interview for Bilingual Children㧔 એ ਅ ޔޟ OBCޠ㧕ߣ ߪ ޔ ਛ ፉ ઁ 㧔 2000㧕 ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ 㐿 ⊒ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޔ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ળ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ᷹ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ߎ ߣ ߫ ߪ ޔ߹ ߕ ળ ജ ߇ ⊒ ㆐ ޔߘ ࠇ ࠍ บ ߦ ߒ ߡ ⺒ ⸃ ജ ޔ ߘ ߒ ߡ ߘ ࠇ ࠄ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃ ߡ ࡔ ࠲ ⸒ ⺆ ⍮ ജ ߇ ⊒ ㆐ ߔ ࠆ ޕ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߣ ߽ ⊒ ㆐ ㆊ ⒟ ߦ ࠆ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ળ ജ ߪޟ ႐ 㕙 ᡰ េ ᐲ ޠޟ ⸒ ⺆ ⍮ ⼂ ᔅ ⷐ ᐲ ޠޟ ⍮ ജ ߩ ᔅ ⷐ ᐲ ޠߩ 3 ߟ ߩ ゲ ߢ ᝒ ߃ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ㧔 ਛ ፉ ઁ , 2000: 9㧕ޕ ޟ ႐ 㕙 ᡰ េ ᐲ ޠ ߣ ߪ ޔ ߤ ߩ ߋ ࠄ ႐ 㕙 ߩ ഥ ߌ ߇ ࠆ ߆ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߢ ޔ႐ 㕙 ߩ ഥ ߌ ߇ ࠇ ߫ ࠆ ߶ ߤ ቇ ⠌ ߇ ኈ ᤃ ߦ ߥ ࠅ ⠌ ᓧ ߇ ᣧ ޕޟ ⸒ ⺆ ⍮ ⼂ ᔅ ⷐ ᐲ ޠ ߣ ߪ ޔ ߤ ߩ ߋ ࠄ ⸒ ⺆ ⍮ ⼂ ߇ ᔅ ⷐ ߆ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߢ ޔ ቇ ⠌ ߇ ㅴ ߦ ߟ ࠇ ޔ⸒ ⺆ ⍮ ⼂ ߇ Ⴧ ߒ ޔㄟ ߺ ߞ ߚ ળ ߽ น ⢻ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ޕ ޟ ⍮ ജ ߩ ᔅ ⷐ ᐲ ޠ ߪ ޔ り ㄭ ߥ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߩ ળ ߪ 㜞 ᐲ ߩ ⍮ ജ ࠍ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߒ ߥ ߇ ޔ ⽎ ⊛ ߥ ౝ ኈ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⺑ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ᗧ ࠍ ㅀ ߴ ߚ ࠅ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ߣ 㜞 ᐲ ߩ ⍮ ജ ࠍ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ߁ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ OBC ߪ ዉ ળ ߣ ࠙ ࠝ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ ߩ ᓟ ޔޟ ၮ ␆ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠޟ ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠޟ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠߩ 3 ߟ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ᭴ ᚑ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߢ ߪ ⁁ ᴫ ߇ ℂ ⸃ ߒ ߿ ߔ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ⛗ ࠞ ࠼ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ቇ ⠌ ⠪ ߩ ࡌ ࡞ ߿ ⁁ ᘒ ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ߡ ޔ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ࠍ ᄌ ᦝ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ⋭
⇛ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ 3 ߟ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⺑ ࠍ ട ߃ ࠆ Ԙ ၮ ␆ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ᢥ ᴺ ਛ ᔃ ߩ ⡞ ߊ ജ ޔ ᔕ ╵ ߔ ࠆ ജ ࠍ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߃ ߫ ޔޟ ࠬ ࡐ ࠷ ޠࠞ ࠼ ࠍ ߞ ߡ ޔޟ㧔 ࠬ ࡐ ࠷ ߩ ฬ ೨ 㧕߇ ߢ ߈ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕޠ㨧 น ⢻ 㨩ޔޟ ߤ ࠎ ߥ ࠬ ࡐ ࠷ ߇ ᅢ ߈ ߢ ߔ ߆ ޕޠ㨧 ᅢ ߈ ህ 㨩ޔޟ㧔 ࠬ ࡐ ࠷ ߩ ฬ ೨ 㧕ࠍ ߒ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߇ ࠅ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕޠ㨧 ㆊ ߩ ⚻ 㛎 㨩ޔޟ ٤ ٤ ߣ ٌ ٌ ߣ ߤ ߞ ߜ ߇ ᅢ ߈ ߢ ߔ ߆ ޕޠ㨧 Ყ セ 㨩 ߥ ߤ ߩ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ℂ ⸃ ᐲ ࠍ ࠴ ࠚ ࠶ ࠢ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ޕ ԙ ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ 1 ኻ 1 ߩ ኻ ੱ 㑐 ଥ ߦ ߅ ߡ ޔ ߤ ࠇ ߋ ࠄ ળ ߇ ߎ ߥ ߖ ࠆ ߆ ࠍ ࡠ ࡞ ࡊ ࠗ ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߤ ߩ ߋ ࠄ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ࠈ ࠈ ߥ ᯏ ⢻ ࠍ ߎ ߥ ߔ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ޔ ߤ ߩ ߋ ࠄ Ⓧ ᭂ ⊛ ߦ ળ ߦ ෳ ട ߒ ޔ ਈ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߇ ࠬ ࡓ ࠭ ߦ ㆐ ᚑ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ߥ ߤ ߇ ὶ ὐ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ޕ ࡠ ࡞ ࡊ ࠗ ߦ ߪ ޔ ⷫ ߒ ㆐ ߣ ߩ ળ ޔ ᢎ Ꮷ ߣ ߩ ળ ޔ ኅ ᣖ ߩ ৻ ຬ ߣ ߩ ળ ޔ ⍮ ࠄ ߧ ᄢ ੱ ߣ ߩ ળ ߥ ߤ ߇ ߹ ࠇ ߡ ߡ ޔ ႐ 㕙 ߪ ޔቇ ᩞ ↢ ᵴ ޔኅ ᐸ ↢ ᵴ ޔ␠ ળ ↢ ᵴ ႐ 㕙 ߇ ⸳ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ౕ ⊛ ߦ ߪޟ ㆐ ࠍ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ળ ߦ ⺃ ߁ ޠޟ ⷫ ߦ ߶ ߒ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ߨ ߛ ࠆ ޠ ޟ 㔚 ߩ વ ⸒ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ޠ ߥ ߤ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߇ ࠆ ޕ Ԛ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ႐ 㕙 ߆ ࠄ 㔌 ࠇ ߡ ޔ ߤ ࠇ ߋ ࠄ ߩ ⍮ ജ ߿ ᕁ ⠨ ജ ࠍ ߞ ߡ ߎ ߣ ߫ ߇ ߃ ࠆ ߆ ޔ ߹ ߚ ౝ ኈ ߦ ว ߞ ߚ ⺆ ᒵ ࠍ ㆬ ᛯ ߒ ޔ ߹ ߣ ߹ ࠅ ߩ ࠆ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ࠍ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕޟ ߅ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ޠޟ 㔡 ޠޟ ኂ ޠ ߥ ߤ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ਃ ޔ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ⺞ ᩏ ౝ ኈ 㧔 ৻ 㧕 ⋡ ⊛ ╙ ੑ ┨ ߢ ㅀ ߴ ߚ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ᣣ ⧷ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߣ ߒ ߚ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࠭ ࡓ ߩ వ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ ߢ ߪ ޔ ᐜ ఽ ᦼ ߩ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ޔ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ
ࠆ ⷐ ࿃ ޔ ࠦ ࠼ ࠬ ࠗ ࠶ ࠴ ࡦ ࠣ ߿ ࠕ ࠗ ࠺ ࡦ ࠹ ࠖ ࠹ ࠖ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ⎇ ⓥ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ࠍ භ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ቇ 㦂 ᦼ ߦ ㆐ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߚ ߜ ߇ ౕ ⊛ ߦ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ߣ ߁ ὐ ߦ ߪ ߹ ࠅ ⌕ ⋡ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ߎ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ޔ บ ḧ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ᢎ ⢒ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߡ ࠆ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߩ ታ ᘒ ࠍ ࠃ ࠅ ౕ ⊛ ߦ ត ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ᄢ ᄌ ᗧ ⟵ ᷓ ߣ ╩ ⠪ ߪ ⠨ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ߪ ޔ บ ḧ ߩ ᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߦ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߚ ᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ OBC ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ޔਛ ፉ ઁ㧔 2000㧕ߩ ᜰ ៰ ߔ ࠆ 㧔 a㧕 ੑ ⸒ ⺆ 㑆 ߩ ᵹ േ ᕈ ޔ㧔 b㧕 ᦨ ዊ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ߩ ᗧ ᔒ વ ㆐ ޔ㧔 c㧕 ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᱜ ⏕ ᐲ ߩ ㆑ ޔ㧔 d㧕 ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ↪ ߣ ߁ ࠃ ߁ ߥ JHL ߩ ․ ᓽ ߪ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ߹ ߚ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ఽ ߦ ․ ᓽ ⊛ ߥ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ߘ ߁ ߒ ߚ ․ ᓽ ߦ ߪ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㆑ ߇ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⠨ ኤ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 ੑ 㧕 ⺞ ᩏ ౝ ኈ Ԙ ታ ᣉ ᤨ ᦼ 2006 ᐕ 2 ߆ ࠄ 3 ߦ ߆ ߌ ߡ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ᤨ 㑆 ⊛ ⽶ ᜂ ࠍ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߣ ߽ ห ߓ ᣣ ߦ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ ߒ ߚ ޕ ᚲ ⷐ ᤨ 㑆 ߪ ৻ ੱ ৻ ⸒ ⺆ ߚ ࠅ 20 ಽ ߆ ࠄ 25 ಽ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ԙ ኻ ⽎ บ ḧ ੱ ߩ ῳ ⷫ ߣ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ߩ Უ ⷫ ࠍ ᜬ ߜ ޔ บ ḧ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ㅢ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ 10 ฬ㧔 ↵ ᅚ ฦ 5 ฬ 㧕ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߣ ߒ ߚ ޕ 1 ߦ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ዻ ᕈ ࠍ ᐕ 㦂 ߩ 㜞 㗅 ߦ ␜ ߔ ޕ
1 ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ዻ ᕈ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ᕈ บ ḧ ߩ ቇ ᐕ ⢻ ജ ⹜ 㛎 ఱ ᒉ ᆌ ᆂ 㑆 ߩ ળ ⷫ ห ჻ ߩ ળ ↢ A1 ↵ 㜞 ᩞ 2 ᐕ 1 ⚖ ਛ 㧪 ᣣ ⧷ ⺆ บ ḧ A2 ↵ ਛ ቇ 1 ᐕ 3 ⚖ ਛ 㧪 ᣣ ⧷ ⺆ บ ḧ B1 ↵ ਛ ቇ 1 ᐕ 2 ⚖ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ C1 ᅚ ਛ ቇ 1 ᐕ 2 ⚖ ਛ 㧪 ᣣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ บ ḧ D1 ↵ ዊ ቇ 6 ᐕ 2 ⚖ ߥ ߒ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ บ ḧ E1㧖 ᅚ ዊ ቇ 5 ᐕ 㧙 ਔ ᣇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ E2 ᅚ ዊ ቇ 4 ᐕ 㧙 ਔ ᣇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ E3 ᅚ ዊ ቇ 3 ᐕ 㧙 ਔ ᣇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ B2 ↵ ዊ ቇ 2 ᐕ 㧙 ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᣣ ᧄ C2 ᅚ ዊ ቇ 2 ᐕ 㧙 ਛ 㧪 ᣣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ บ ḧ ࠕ ࡞ ࡈ ࠔ ࡌ ࠶ ࠻ ߇ ห ߓ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߪ ఱ ᒉ ᆌ ᆂ ߢ ޔ ᢙ ሼ ߪ ఱ ᒉ ᆌ ᆂ ߩ ߆ ࠄ ߩ 㗅 ⇟ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߟ ߹ ࠅ ޔ A1 ߣ A2 ߪ ఱ ᒉ ߢ ޔ A1 ߪ ఱ ޔ A2 ߪ ᒉ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߩ ᤨ ὐ ߢ ߪ ޔ E1ޔ E2ޔ E3 ߩ ᆌ ᆂ ߇ บ ർ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᬺ ᩞ ࠍ ㅌ ቇ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߶ ߆ ߪ ޔో ຬ ᬺ ᩞ ߦ ☋ ਛ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ቇ ᐕ ߪ บ ḧ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ߢ ߩ ቇ ᐕ ߢ ࠆ ޕ 㧖 ߩ E1 ߪ ዊ ቇ 2 ᐕ ↢ ߹ ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ㅢ ߞ ߡ ߡ ޔ ᧪ บ ߒ ߚ ᤨ ߦ ৻ ᐕ ቇ ᐕ ࠍ ਅ ߍ ߡ บ ḧ ߩ ዊ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ✬ ߒ ߚ ߚ ޔ ታ 㓙 ߪ บ ḧ ߢ ߪ ዊ ቇ 6 ᐕ ↢ ߩ ᐕ 㦂 ߢ ࠆ ޕ ఱ ᒉ ᆌ ᆂ 㑆 ߩ ળ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔޟ ਛ 㧪 ᣣ ޠߪ ߤ ߜ ࠄ ߽ ߁ ߇ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᣇ ߇ ᄙ ߣ ߁ ᗧ ߢ ޔޟ ਔ ᣇ ޠߪ ߤ ߜ ࠄ ߇ ᄙ ߣ ߽ ߃ ߥ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ E1ޔ E2ޔ E3 ߪ 3 ੱ ᆌ ᆂ ߢ ޔ Უ ⷫ ߆ ࠄ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ᆌ ᆂ ߩ ᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ߩ ഀ ว ߪ ޔE1 ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ߩ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ੑ ᐕ 㑆 ㅢ ߞ ߡ ߚ ߚ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ᒝ ߊ ޔ E2 ߪ ߤ ߜ ࠄ ߽ ห ߓ ߊ ࠄ ޔ E3 ߪ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߇ ᒝ ߣ ߁ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ࠣ ࠺ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ࠍ ᚑ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ᆌ ᆂ 㑆 ߢ ߽ ⋧ ᚻ ߿ ⁁ ᴫ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ߤ ߜ ࠄ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߆ ߪ ৻ ቯ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߣ ߁ ޕ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ߩ Უ ⷫ ߪ ో ຬ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߦ ਇ ⥄ ↱ ߒ ߥ ࡌ ࡞ ߆ ߘ ࠇ એ ߩ
ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ࠍ ⠌ ᓧ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔ Უ ⷫ ߩ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠄ ߕ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߚ ߜ ߪ ᐜ ఽ ᦼ ߆ ࠄ Უ ⷫ ߣ ߩ ળ ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ บ ḧ ੱ ߩ ῳ ߣ ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߔ ߎ ߣ ߽ ࠆ ޕ ਔ ⷫ ߩ 㑆 ߢ ߪ ޔ บ ḧ ੱ ߩ ῳ ߇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ႐ ว ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ޔ ߘ ߁ ߢ ߥ ႐ ว ߪ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߿ ⧷ ⺆ ߇ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ B1 ߣ B2 ߩ ఱ ᒉ ߩ ኅ ᐸ ߢ ߪ ޔ ኅ ᣖ 㑆 ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߺ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ บ ḧ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ޔ ◲ න ߥ ߿ ࠅ ข ࠅ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ A1 ࠍ 㒰 ߊ ో ຬ ߇ ߶ ߣ ࠎ ߤ ߢ ߈ ߥ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ⹜ 㛎 ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ޔ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ᤨ ὐ ߢ ᣢ ߦ ว ᩰ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ߺ ߦ ࠇ ߚ ޕ Ԛ ᣇ ᴺ ห ߓ ᣣ ߦ OBC ࠍ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߢ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߪ ╩ ⠪ ߇ ⴕ ޔᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ᢥ ሼ ൻ ⾗ ᢱ ਛ ߢ ߪ JJ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߪ ޔᣣ ᧄ ߩ ᄢ ቇ 㒮 ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ࠍ ኾ ߒ ޔ บ ḧ ߩ ᄢ ቇ ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ߦ ៤ ࠊ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ Უ ⺆ ⠪ ߩ บ ḧ ੱ ᅚ ᕈ ߦ ଐ 㗬 ߒ ߚ ޕ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߪ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ Უ ⷫ ߩ ห ߩ ߽ ߣ ޔ ᜰ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ႐ ᚲ ߢ ⴕ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߣ ߘ ߩ ⼔ ⠪ ߩ ⸵ น ࠍ ᓧ ߡ ޔ ㍳ ↹ ߣ ㍳ 㖸 ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ࠦ ࡅ ࠪ ࡚ ࠶ ࡊ ߢ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ߇ ޔ ߘ ߩ 㓙 ࿐ ߩ ჿ ߢ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ⊒ ߇ ⡞ ߈ ข ࠇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ㍳ 㖸 ߢ ߈ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ߒ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ㈩ ᘦ ߒ ߚ ޕ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߪ ᤨ 㑆 ߿ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ᔕ ߿ ⁁ ᴫ ࠍ ⠨ ᘦ ߒ ߡ ⥃ ᯏ ᔕ ᄌ ߦ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ࠍ ㆬ ࠎ ߛ ߚ ޔో ຬ ߇ ห ߓ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ࠍ ߒ ߚ ࠊ ߌ ߢ ߪ ߥ ޕ߹ ߚ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߢ ㊀ ⶄ ߒ ߡ ߥ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߽ ࠆ ޕ ዉ ળ ߣ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ਛ ߩ ޟ ߅ ޠ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߪ ో ຬ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ৻ ⷩ ࠍ 2 ߦ ␜ ߔ ޕ ޡ ޢ ߪ ↪ ߒ ߚ ࠞ ࠼ ޔ ౝ ኈ ߪ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ࠞ ࠼ ࠍ ߥ ߇ ࠄ ߒ ߚ ౝ ኈ ߩ ৻ ߢ ࠆ ޕ
2 ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ৻ ⷩ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ↪ ࠞ ࠼ ౝ ኈ ዉ 㧔 ࠙ ࠜ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ 㧕 ޡ ⺆ ᒵ ޢ ᜦ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ኅ ᣖ ቇ ᩞ ↢ ᵴ ฬ ⹖ േ ⹖ ᒻ ኈ ⹖ ၮ ␆ ޡ ㇱ ደ ޢ ޡ ࠬ ࡐ ࠷ ޢ ޡ ᢎ ቶ ޢ ޡ ᣣ ⺖ ޢ ޡ ⡯ ᬺ ޢ ޡ ⸵ น ޢ ޡ ቄ ▵ ޢ ㇱ ደ ߦ ࠆ ‛ ߿ ߘ ߩ ⟎ ࠬ ࡐ ࠷ ߩ ⒳ 㘃 ߿ ⚻ 㛎 ᢎ Ꮷ ߩ ᜰ ␜ ৻ ᣣ ߩ ↢ ᵴ ᧪ ዞ ߈ ߚ ⡯ ᬺ ࠻ ࠗ ߦ ⴕ ߈ ߚ ᤨ ⸵ น ࠍ ᓧ ࠆ ቄ ▵ ߦ ߟ ߡ ኻ ޡ 㗬 ޢ ޡ ⺃ ߁ ޢ ޡ ว ࠊ ߖ ޢ ޡ ߨ ߛ ࠆ ޢ ޡ વ ⸒ ޢ ޡ ⻢ ࠆ ޢ 㓞 ߩ ሶ ߦ ᢥ ᚱ ౕ ࠍ ୫ ࠅ ࠆ ߛ ߜ ࠍ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ળ ߦ ⺃ ߁ ᯏ 㑐 ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ࠆ ⷫ ߦ ᰼ ߒ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ߨ ߛ ࠆ ⷫ ߩ ⇐ ਛ ߦ ᧪ ߚ 㔚 ߩ વ ⸒ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ⧎ ↉ ࠍ უ ߒ ߚ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⻢ ࠆ ⍮ ޡ ߅ ޢ ޡ ኂ ޢ ޡ 㔡 ޢ ޡ ᶖ ൻ ޢ ޡ ㅢ ో ޢ ዊ ߐ ሶ ߦ ߅ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ⡞ ߆ ߖ ࠆ ኂ ߩ ේ ࿃ ߣ ኻ ╷ 㔡 ߳ ߩ ኻ ಣ ᣇ ᴺ ᶖ ൻ ߩ ⚵ ߺ ⥄ ォ ゞ ߦ ਸ਼ ࠆ ߣ ߈ ߦ ᵈ ᗧ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߩ ᢥ ሼ ൻ ⾗ ᢱ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ᧚ ᢱ ߣ ߒ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ⊒ ࠺ ࠲ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ⺋ ࠅ ߣ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ▎ ᚲ ࠍ ᜪ ߒ ߡ ಽ 㘃 ߒ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߩ ᬺ ߪ ╩ ⠪ ߩ ᄖ ߦ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ Ꮷ ߩ ⾗ ᩰ ࠍ ข ᓧ ߒ ߡ บ ḧ ߢ ߽ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ߦ ៤ ࠊ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ᚑ ੱ ߩ ᅚ ᕈ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ Უ ⺆ ⠪ ߦ ߽ ଐ 㗬 ߒ ޔ ੑ ੱ ߇ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕ ⺋ ࠅ ࠍ ಽ 㘃 ߔ ࠆ 㓙 ߦ ߪ ޟ ⺆ ᒵ ޠޟ ᢥ ᴺ ޠ ޟ ⺆ ↪ ޠ ߩ 3 ⒳ 㘃 ߦ ಽ 㘃 ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⹜ ߺ ߚ ߇ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ߇ ࿎ 㔍 ߢ ߞ ߚ ߚ ޔ ᦨ ⚳ ⊛ ߦ ߪ ᢥ ᴺ 㕙 ߢ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߢ ࠆ ޟ ᢥ ᴺ ޠ ߣ ᗧ ߪ ㅢ ߓ ࠆ ߇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ਇ ⥄ ὼ ߥ ޟ ޠ ߩ ੑ ⒳ 㘃 ߦ ಽ 㘃 ߒ ߚ ޕ
ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ⊒ ࠺ ࠲ ߽ ห ᭽ ߩ ᚻ ⛯ ߈ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ߇ ޔ ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ߪ ෳ ⠨ ⒟ ᐲ ߩ ↪ ߦ ᱛ ࠆ ޕ߹ ߚ ޔߎ ߩ OBC ߪ ฦ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ㆐ ᚑ ᐲ ߦ ᔕ ߓ ߡ ὐ ᢙ ࠍ ߟ ߌ ߚ ⹏ ଔ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ᧄ ⎇ ⓥ ߪ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ᷹ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߇ ⋡ ⊛ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔޟ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ߔ ߩ ߆ ޠߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߦ ⌕ ⋡ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ὐ ᢙ ൻ ߪ ⴕ ࠊ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ྾ ޔ ⚿ ᨐ ᧄ ┨ ߢ ߪ ޔOBC ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߆ ࠄ ᓧ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ࠺ ࠲ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔਛ ፉ ઁ㧔 2000:11㧕ߢ JHL ߩ ․ ᓽ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޔ㧔 a㧕ੑ ⸒ ⺆ 㑆 ߩ ᵹ േ ᕈ ޔ㧔 b㧕 ᦨ ዊ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ߩ ᗧ ᔒ વ ㆐ ޔ㧔 c㧕 ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᱜ ⏕ ᐲ ߩ ㆑ ޔ㧔 d㧕 ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ↪ ߩ 4 ߟ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ಽ ᨆ ߔ ࠆ ޕ ߥ ߅ ޔ ᧄ Ⓜ ߪ ᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ․ ᓽ ࠍ ⷰ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ޘ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⚦ ߥ ಽ ᨆ ߪ Ⓜ ߦ ⼑ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 C㧕 ੑ ⸒ ⺆ 㑆 ߩ ᵹ േ ᕈ ߔ ߴ ߡ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ද ജ ⊛ ߥ ᘒ ᐲ ߢ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߦ ⥃ ߺ ޔ ฃ ߌ ╵ ߃ ߦ ࠃ ߤ ߺ ߇ ߥ ߊ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߩ ޔ ߤ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߽ ߨ ㆐ ᚑ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ߚ ޕ ਛ ፉ ઁ 㧔 2000:11㧕 ߢ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ↪ ߽ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ޕ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ਛ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ࠊ ߆ ࠄ ߕ ߦ ࿎ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ߶ ߣ ࠎ ߤ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߇ ޔ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ޟ ߅ ޠ ߢ ޟ 3 ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ޠ ࠍ ㆬ ࠎ ߛ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ 6 ฬ ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ A2㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕ޔ D1㧔 ዊ 6 ↵ 㧕ޔ E2㧔 ዊ 4 ᅚ 㧕 ߩ 3 ฬ ߇ ޟ ࡦ ࠟ ޠ ߣ ߁ න ⺆ ߇ ߡ ߎ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߩ ᤨ ޔ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߚ ߩ ߪ A2 ߩ ৻ ߩ ߺ ߢ ޔ ઁ ߩ ߪ ޟ ߃ ߞ ߣ ޠ ࠍ ➅ ࠅ ߒ ߡ ࠊ ߆ ࠄ ߥ ࠨ ࠗ ࡦ ࠍ ߒ ߚ ࠅ㧔 E2ޔ 1㧕ޔ ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ឬ ౮ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ഥ ߌ ࠍ ᳞ ߚ ࠅ ߔ ࠆ 㧔 D1ޔ 2㧕 ߣ ߁ ࠬ ࠻ ࠹ ࠫ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ߚ ޕ 㨧 3㨩 ߩ A2 ߽ ޟ ᳓ ᵆ ޠ ߣ ߁ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ න ⺆ ࠍ ߞ ߡ ߪ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߹ ߢ ߦޟ ࠦ ࡦ ࠢ ࠻ ޠ㧔 ታ 㓙 ߪޟ ࡦ ࠟ ޠ߇ ᱜ ߒ 㧕ߣ ߁ න ⺆ ࠍ ৻ ↢ ߦ ᕁ ߘ ߁ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ദ ജ ߇ ┍ ߃ ࠆ ޕ 㨧 1㧦 E2㧔 ዊ 4 ᅚ 㧕 ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ 3 ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ޠ ߩ 㨩
E2㧦㧔 ⇛ 㧕 ߘ ߒ ߡ ╙ 3 ⇟ ⋡ ߪ ޔ ߃ ߣ ߣ ߡ ߽ 㗎 ਂ ߥ ߅ ኅ ࠍ ߟ ߊ ࠆ ߚ ߦ ޔ߃ ߣࠎ ߣ ࠍ ୫ ࠅ ߚ 㧫 ߃ ߣ ޔ ߅ ኅ ࠍ ߟ ߊ ࠆ ᧚ ᢱ ߪ ޔ ߃ ߣ ޔ ࠍ ⸒ ߁ ࠎ ߛ ߞ ߌ ߃ ߣ JJ㧦 ᧚ ᢱ 㧫 E2㧦 ᧚ ᢱ ߪ ߃ ߞ ߣ JJ㧦 ࡦ ࠟ ߆ ߥ 㧫 E2㧦 ࡦ ࠟ ޕ ࡦ ࠟ ࠍ ޔ ߩ ޔ ੱ ߆ ࠄ ୫ ࠅ ߡ ޔ ߅ ኅ ࠍ ࠅ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ 㨧 2㧦 D1㧔 ዊ 6 ↵ 㧕 ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ 3 ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ޠ ߩ 㨩 D1㧦㧔 ⇛ 㧕 ߃ ߞ ߣ ৻ ߟ ⋡ ߩ ⽋ ߪ ޔ ࠆ ᣣ ޔ ߃ ߞ ߣ ߇ ᧪ ߡ ৻ ⋡ ߩ ⽋ ࠍ 㘩 ߴ ࠃ ߁ ߣ ᕁ ߞ ߡ ޔ ߃ ߞ ߣ ⏕ ߆ Ⓑ ߆ ߥ ޔ ߢ ߟ ߊ ߞ ߚ 㧫 㨯㨯㨯ߓ ߾ ޔ⨲ ߢ ߟ ߊ ߞ ߚ ኅ ࠍ ็ ߡ ৻ ⋡ ߩ ⽋ ߽ 㘩 ߴ ߘ ߁ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ޕ㧔 ਛ ⇛ 㧕ߢ ޔ3 ⋡ ߩ ⽋ ߪ ⏕ ߆ ࡉ ࡠ ࠶ ࠢ ߢ ޔ ߃ 㧫 ߃ 㧫 ߢ ߞ ߚ ࠎ ߛ ߞ ߌ 㧫 ߚ ߒ ߆㧔 ⥠ ᛂ ߜ 㧕߃ 㧫 ߤ ߁ ߿ ߞ ߡ ߁ ߆ ࠊ ߆ ࠄ ߥ ޕ ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔ ߩ ޔ ⿒ ࡗ ࠷ ޔ 㧔 ߟ ߱ ߿ ߊ 㧕 ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ޔ ߡ ߁ ߆ ⍮ ࠄ ߥ ޕ㧔 JJ ߦ ะ ߆ ߞ ߡ ᒝ ߊ 㧕 ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߤ ߁ ߿ ߞ ߡ ⸒ ߁ ߆ ⍮ ࠄ ߥ ࠎ ߛ ߌ ߤ ޕ JJ㧦 ࡦ ࠟ 㧫 D1㧦 ޔ ࡦ ࠟ ߆ ޕ ߞ ߚ ኅ ߢ ޔ ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔ ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔ ᐲ ߪ ߇ ߤ ޔ ߤ ߁ ็ ߡ ߽ ୟ ࠇ ߥ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ߩ ᾍ ⓭ ߆ ࠄ ࠈ ߁ ߣ ߒ ߚ ޕ 㨧 3㧦 A2㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕 ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ 3 ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ޠ ߩ 㨩 A2㧦㧔 ⇛ 㧕 ߢ ޔ ᦨ ᓟ ߦ ޔ ߁ ޔ ৻ ⇟ ߩ ߅ ߦ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߣ ੑ ⇟ ⋡ ߩ ߅ ߦ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߇ ߎ ߱ ޔ ߓ ߫ ࠎ ዊ ߐ ሶ ⽋ ߩ ኅ ߦ ߞ ߚ ޔ ߩ ⽋ ߩ ኅ ߪ ޔ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔࠦ ࡦ ޔࠦ ޔ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔࠦ ࡦ ޔ ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔߎ ߣ ࠅ ࠆ 㧫 ߃ 㧫 ߒ ޔߒ ࠄ ࠎ ߃ ޔ㧔 JJ ߦ ะ ߆ ߞ ߡ 㧕 ߩ ޔޟ ᳓ ᵆ ޠߪ ߡ ߁ ߩ 㧫 ޟ ᳓ ᵆ ޠޕ JJ㧦 ޔ ࠦ ࡦ ࠢ ࠻ ޕ
A2㧦 ޔࠦ ࡦ ࠢ ࠻ ߩ ߞ ߚ ኅ ߦ ߺ ࠎ ߥ ߇ ߞ ߡ ޔߢ ޔ ߇ ߹ ߚ ᧪ ߡ ޔ㧔 ᓟ ⇛ 㧕 㧔 D㧕 ᦨ ዊ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ߩ ᗧ ᔒ વ ㆐ A2㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕 ߣ C2㧔 ዊ 2 ᅚ 㧕ޔ E3㧔 ዊ 2 ᅚ 㧕 ߩ 3 ੱ ߪ ᦨ ૐ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ߩ ╵ ߃ ߇ ⋡ ┙ ߟ ޕ ኻ ߦ A1㧔 㜞 1 ↵ 㧕ޔ B1㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕ޔ C1㧔 ਛ 1 ᅚ 㧕ޔ D1㧔 ዊ 6 ↵ 㧕 ߪ ⾰ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ Ᏹ ߦ න ⺆ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ᢥ ߢ ╵ ߃ ߡ ߚ ޕA1㧔 㜞 1 ↵ 㧕ߪ ৻ ⽾ ߒ ߡ ᵹ ᥰ ߥ ᢘ ߩ ᢥ ߢ ߒ ޔ ⾰ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ઃ ട ᖱ ႎ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ޔ 㕖 Ᏹ ߦ 㜞 ᐲ ߥ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ߖ ࠆ ߣ ߁ ශ ⽎ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ࠆ ޕ B1㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕 B2㧔 ዊ 2 ↵ 㧕 ߩ ఱ ᒉ ߣ E1㧔 ዊ 5 ᅚ 㧕 E2㧔 ዊ 3 ᅚ 㧕 ߩ ᆌ ᆂ ߽ ઃ ട ᖱ ႎ ߇ ᄙ ޕ B1 ߣ B2 ఱ ᒉ ޔ E1 ߣ E2 ߣ E3 ߩ 3 ᆌ ᆂ ߪ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ῳ ⷫ ߽ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޔ Უ ⷫ ߛ ߌ ߢ ߥ ߊ ኅ ᣖ 㑆 ߩ ળ ߦ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ᯏ ળ ߇ ᄙ ߚ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߩ ળ ߦ ᘠ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ৻ ࿃ ߣ ߒ ߡ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ㆑ ߪ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ⊒ ࠺ ࠲ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ห ᭽ ߩ ะ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ޔ JHL ߩ ․ ᓽ ߛ ߣ ߪ ⸒ ߆ ߨ ࠆ ޕ ካ ࠈ ޔ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᕈ ᩰ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ߣ ߎ ࠈ ߇ ᄢ ߈ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߆ ߣ ߁ ߩ ߇ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ Უ ⷫ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 E㧕 ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᱜ ⏕ ᐲ ߩ ㆑ OBC ߩ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߢ ߪ ޔ ࠙ ࠜ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ ߣ ዉ ⾰ ߩ ᓟ ޔ ޟ ၮ ␆ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠޟ ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠޟ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠߩ 3 ߟ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ޟ ၮ ␆ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠ ߪ ਥ ߦ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߦ 㑐 ㅪ ߔ ࠆ ฬ ⹖ ޔ ᒻ ኈ ⹖ ޔ േ ⹖ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⾰ ߢ ޔޟ ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠߪ ኅ ᐸ ↢ ᵴ ޔቇ ᩞ ↢ ᵴ ޔ␠ ળ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ߎ ࠅ ߁ ࠆ ႐ 㕙 ߩ ࡠ ࡞ ࡊ ࠗ ޔޟ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޠߢ ߪ ߅ ߿ ⥄ ὼ ޔ␠ ળ ߦ 㑐 ㅪ ߔ ࠆ ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ਥ ߦ ৻ ੱ ߢ ‛ ⺆ ࠍ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ⺰ ℂ ⊛ ߦ ⺑ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ⷐ ᳞ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ೨ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔਛ ፉ ઁ㧔 2000㧕ߢ ߪ ޔޟ JHL ߢ ߪ ᣣ Ᏹ ⨥ 㘵 ߩ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ળ ߪ ࠬ ࡓ ࠭ ߢ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ᔨ ⊛ ޔ ⽎ ⊛ ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ⺆ ᗲ ߇ ਇ ⿷ ߒ ޔ Ბ ⪭ ߇ ߹ ߣ ߹ ࠄ ߥ ߎ ߣ ߽ ᄙ ޕ ߹ ߚ ৻ ᵹ ᥰ ߦ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߢ ߽ ഥ ⹖ ߩ ⣕ ⪭ ޔL2 ߣ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ޔᢥ ߩ ਇ ৻ ⥌ ߥ ߤ ߩ
㗴 ࠍ ᛴ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕޠ㧔 ਛ ፉ ઁ , 2000:11㧕 ߣ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ㆑ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ᱜ ⏕ ᐲ ߪ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ߆ ޕ એ ਅ ߢ ਥ ߦ Ԙ ᢥ ᴺ ޔ ԙ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ޔ Ԛ ᢥ ߩ ਇ ৻ ⥌ ޔ ԛ ߘ ߩ ઁ ߩ 4 ὐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ޕ Ԙ ᢥ ᴺ ฦ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ࠍ 3 ߦ ␜ ߔ ޕ ਛ ߩ ޣ ޤ ߪ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ߢ ޣ ၮ ޤ ߪ ၮ ␆ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޔޣ ኻ ޤ ߪ ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޔޣ ޤ ߪ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᢥ ਛ ߩ ߪ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ▎ ᚲ ߢ ޔ ߪ ᢥ ᴺ એ ᄖ ߢ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ▎ ᚲ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ 3 ฦ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ⊒ ਛ ߩ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ຠ ⹖ A1 㜞 2 ↵ ഥ ⹖ േ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ၮ ޤ 5 ᤨ ߋ ࠄ ߹ ߢ ᬺ ࠍ 㧔 ߇ 㧕 ⛯ ߡ ( δ) ޣ ၮ ޤ15 ಽ ߋ ࠄ ߦ ኅ ߡ ޔ߹ 20 ಽ ߋ ࠄ ߢ㧔 ߦ 㧕 ⌕ ߡ ( ε)ޣ ޤ ᤄ ޘ ߦ ޔ 3 ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ߇ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ( ζ)ޣ ޤ ߎ ߱ ߚ ߪ ਅ ߢ ޔ ᾲ ߅ ḡ ࠍ ᴣ ߡ ߡ 㧔 ᴣ ߆ ߒ ߡ ߡ 㧕 A2 ਛ 1 ↵ ഥ ⹖ േ ⹖ ഥ േ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ၮ ޤ 5 ಽ ߆ 㧔 ߆ ࠄ 㧕 10 ಽ ( δ)ޣ ၮ ޤ ࠥ ࡓ ࠍ 㧔 ߢ 㧕 ㆆ ߱ 㧔 㧖 or ࠥ ࡓ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ 㧕 ( ε)ޣ ၮ ޤ 4 ᤨ ߹ ߢ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ീ ᒝ ⚳ ࠊ ߞ ߡ ( ζ)ޣ ኻ ޤ JJ ߛ ߜ ࠍ ࠎ ߢ 㧫 A2 ߁ ࠎ ޔ ኅ ߹ ߢ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ( η)ޣ ኻ ޤ ࠇ ޔ ߅ ߦ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߩ 㨧 ߛ 㨩 ߌ ߤ ( θ)ޣ ޤ ᐘ ߖ ߢ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ↢ ᵴ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ( ι)ޣ ޤ ࠦ ࡦ ࠢ ࠻ ߩ 㧔 ߢ 㧕 ㅧ ߞ ߚ ኅ ߦ ⊝ ߇ ߞ ߡ ( κ)ޣ ၮ ޤ ᾲ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ߐ ޔ ߐ ޔ ߐ ߹ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 ߐ ߹ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧕ޕ ( λ)ޣ ޤࠊ ࠄ ߩ ኅ ߇ ୟ ࠇ ߡ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޔߡ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ㧔 ୟ ࠇ ߡ ߒ ߹ ߹ ߒ ߚ 㧕 B1 ਛ 1 ↵ ഥ േ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ၮ ޤ ߅ ߓ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߦ 㤛 ᤀ Ꮢ ႐ ߦ ㅪ ࠇ ߡ ⴕ ߞ ߡ 㧔 ㅪ ࠇ ߡ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ߽ ࠄ ߞ ߡ 㧕 ߐ ޔ 㘸 ߩ ߣ ߎ ࠈ ߇ ߞ ߡ C1 ਛ 1 ᅚ ഥ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ޤ ߘ ߩ ᭽ ሶ ࠍ ࠍ㧔 ߇ 㧕 ߡ ޔߎ ࠇ ߪ ߁ ߹ ߙ ޔ ߣ ᕁ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ D1 ዊ 6 ↵ ഥ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ၮ ޤ6 ᤨ 50 ಽ ߦ ߈ ߡ 7 ᤨ ߆ ࠄ㧔 ߦ 㧕ߏ 㘵 㘩 ߴ ࠆ ޕ ( δ)ޣ ኻ ޤ ࠹ ࡆ ߩ ਛ ߦ 㧔 ߩ 㧛 ߢ 㧕 ࠠ ࡖ ࠢ ࠲ ߽ േ ߊ ߆ ࠄ ( ε)ޣ ኻ ޤ ኅ ߦ 㧔 ߢ 㧕 ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ ߦ ㆆ ߫ ߖ ߡ ߽ ࠎ ߓ ߾ ߥ ߆ ߥ ޕ ( ζ)ޣ ኻ ޤ ᧂ ᧪ ߦ ߅ ㊄ ޔ ߅ ㊄ ࠍ ߚ ޔ ߚ ߥ ߣ ޕ ( η)ޣ ޤ ࠟ ࠬ ߣ ߆ ࠟ ࠰ ࡦ ߣ ߆ ߎ ߁ ߁ ߩ ᄌ ߥ ᾍ ߣ ߆ ߒ ߡ E1 ዊ 5 ᅚ ഥ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ኻ ޤ JJ ߐ ࠎ ߇ 㧔 ߆ ࠄ 㧕 㔚 ߞ ߚ ߞ ߡ ޕ E2 ዊ 4 ᅚ ഥ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ޤ ߅ ኅ ࠍ ࠆ ᧚ ᢱ ߪ ޔ ߃ ߣ ޔ ࠍ 㧔 ߣ 㧛 ߡ 㧕 ⸒ ߁ ࠎ ߛ ߞ ߌ 㧫
േ ⹖ ( δ)ޣ ኻ ޤ ߐ ߞ ߈ ޔ JJ ߐ ࠎ ߞ ߡ ⸒ ߁ ੱ ߆ ࠄ 㔚 ߇ ߆ ߆ ࠅ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ㧔 ߆ ߆ ߞ ߡ ߈ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ㧕 ( ε)ޣ ޤߘ ߒ ߡ 3 ੱ ߢ ㆆ ࠎ ߢ ࠆ ᤨ ߪ ޔ ߇ ߐ ޔߺ ߃ ޔ ߇ ߘ ߩ 3 ੱ ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ࠍ ߃ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ㧔 ߆ ߌ ߹ ߒ ߚ 㧕ޕ E3 ዊ 2 ᅚ ഥ ⹖ േ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ၮ ޤ ࡏ ࡞ ࠍ㧔 ߢ 㧕ㆆ ࠎ ߛ ࠅ ޔࡠ ࡉ ࠼ ޕ 㧔 㧖 or ࡏ ࡞ ㆆ ߮ ࠍ ߒ ߚ ࠅ 㧕 ( δ)ޣ ኻ ޤ ߅ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ࡄ ࠹ ࠖ ࠍ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ࠎ ߢ ޔ ߩ ޔ ৻ ✜ ߦ ࠤ ࠠ ࠍ 㘩 ߴ ࠆ ޕ ( ε)ޣ ኻ ޤ ߅ ߓ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߣ ߅ ߫ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߇ 㧔 ߆ ࠄ 㧕 㔚 ᧪ ࠆ ᤨ ߦ 㔚 ߦ ࠆ ޕ ( ζ)ޣ ޤ 3 ߩ ߎ ߱ ߚ ߩ ߅ ኅ ࠍ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ⴕ ߈ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ( η)ޣ ኻ ޤ JJ ߩ ޔ M ߐ ࠎ ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕ E3 ࠅ ߹ ߔ ޕ ( θ)ޣ ޤ ߇ ⋡ ࠍ ࿁ ߞ ߡ㧔 ࿁ ߒ ߡ 㧕ޔߘ ߒ ߡ ደ ᩮ ߆ ࠄ ࠈ ߁ ߣ ᕁ ߞ ߡ ߚ ࠄ ( ι)ޣ ޤ ᭽ ߦ ߩ ∛ ᳇ ࠍ ߥ ߅ ޔ ߥ ߅ ޔ ߥ ߅ ࠆ ߚ ߦ 㧔 ߥ ߅ ߒ ߡ ߊ ࠇ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ 㧕 ߞ ߡ ޔ ߅ ࠅ ߒ ߹ ߔ ޕ B2 ዊ 2 ↵ ഥ ⹖ േ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ၮ ޤ 7 ᤨ ඨ ߆ ࠄ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ⊒ ߒ ߡ ޔ ߛ ߚ 5 ಽ ߋ ࠄ ߢ ቇ ᩞ ߦ ⌕ ߊ ޕ ( δ)ޣ ޤ ࡙ ࠾ ࡈ ߆ ࠄ 㧔 ߇ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᳪ ᨴ ߆ ࠄ 㧕 ࠆ ޕ ( ε)ޣ ޤ ࠼ ߃ ߽ ࠎ ߇ వ ߦ ࠧ ࠷ ࡦ 㧍 ߞ ߡ ᒁ ߈ ߒ ߆ ࠄ ߡ ޔ㧔 ਛ ⇛ 㧕྾ ᰴ ర ࡐ ࠤ ࠶ ࠻ ߆ ࠄ ߆ ߡ 㧔 ߒ ߡ 㧕ޔ ߮ ߞ ߊ ࠅ ߒ ߡ ഥ ߌ ߡ ߊ ࠇ ߡ C2 ዊ 2 ᅚ േ ⹖ ( γ)ޣ ኻ ޤ ㊁ ߒ ߡ ߚ ߣ ߈ ޔ ࡏ ࡞ ߇ ߱ ߟ ߞ ߜ ߾ ߞ ߚ ޕ 㧔 ߱ ߟ ߆ ߞ ߜ ߾ ߞ ߚ 㧕 3 ߆ ࠄ ࠊ ߆ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ᄢ ㇱ ಽ ߪ ഥ ⹖ ߇ භ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ 8 ੱ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ 24 ߇ ࠆ ޕ ․ ߦ ޔޟ ࠍ ޠߩ ᄙ ↪ ߣ ᤨ 㑆 ߿ ᤨ ೞ ࠍ ߔ ഥ ⹖ ߩ ↪ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ⋡ ┙ ߜ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ 5 ੱ ߩ 7 ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ޟ ࠍ ޠ ߩ ᄙ ↪ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ 㧦 5 ᤨ ߋ ࠄ ߹ ߢ ᬺ ࠍ 㧔 ߇ 㧕 ⛯ ߡ [A1(γ )] ࠥ ࡓ ࠍ 㧔 ߢ 㧕 ㆆ ߱ ޠ [A2(δ )] ࠍ 㧔 ߇ 㧕 ߡ [C1(γ )] ࠍ 㧔 ߣ 㧛 ߡ 㧕 ߁ ࠎ ߛ ߞ ߌ 㧫 [E2(γ )] ࡏ ࡞ ࠍ 㧔 ߢ 㧕 ㆆ ࠎ ߛ ࠅ [E3(γ )] ߅ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ࡄ ࠹ ࠖ ࠍ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ࠎ ߢ [E3(δ )] ߅ ኅ ࠍ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ⴕ ߈ ߹ ߒ ߚ [E3(ε )] ᤨ 㑆 ߿ ᤨ ೞ ࠍ ߔ ഥ ⹖ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ 㧦 20 ಽ ߋ ࠄ ߢ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ߟ ߡ [A1(δ )] ᤄ ޘ ߦ [A1(ε )]
5 ಽ ߆ 㧔 ߆ ࠄ 㧕 10 ಽ [A2(γ )] 4 ᤨ ߹ ߢ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ീ ᒝ ⚳ ࠊ ߞ ߡ [A2(ε )] 7 ᤨ ߆ ࠄ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ߏ 㘵 㘩 ߴ ࠆ [D1(γ )] ᧂ ᧪ ߦ [D1(ζ )] 7 ᤨ ඨ ߆ ࠄ 㧔 ߦ 㧕 ⊒ ߒ ߡ [B2(γ )? ⥄ ઁ േ ⹖ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ 㧦 ߅ ḡ ࠍ ᴣ ߡ ߡ 㧔 ᴣ ߆ ߒ ߡ ߡ 㧕 [A1(ζ )] ᾲ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ߐ ߹ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 ߐ ߹ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧕 [A2(κ )] ߇ ⋡ ࠍ ࿁ ߞ ߡ 㧔 ࿁ ߒ ߡ 㧕 [E3(θ )] ∛ ᳇ ࠍ ߥ ߅ ࠆ 㧔 ߥ ߅ ߔ 㧕 [E3(ι )] ࠼ ߃ ߽ ࠎ ߇ ྾ ᰴ ర ࡐ ࠤ ࠶ ࠻ ߆ ࠄ ߆ ߡ㧔 ߒ ߡ 㧕[B2(ε )] േ ⹖ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ 6 ੱ 9 ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ 4 ੱ 5 ߇ ⥄ േ ⹖ ߣ ઁ േ ⹖ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ߢ ࠅ ޔ ߔ ߴ ߡ ᧄ ᧪ ઁ േ ⹖ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߣ ߎ ࠈ ߇ ⥄ േ ⹖ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ὐ ߇ ⥝ ᷓ ޕ દ ⮮ 㧔 1990㧕 ߢ ߪ ޔ ᐜ ఽ ߇ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ⠌ ᓧ ߔ ࠆ 㓙 ߦ ߪ ⥄ േ ⹖ ߩ ⠌ ᓧ ߇ ઁ േ ⹖ ߦ వ ┙ ߜ ޔ ⥄ േ ⹖ ⊛ ߩ ઁ േ ⹖ ߳ ߩ ઍ ↪ ߪ ޔ ੱ Ꮕ ߽ ࠆ ߇ 5ޔ 6 ᱦ ߹ ߢ ⛯ ߊ ߣ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 દ ⮮ , 1990:70㧕ޕ ᧄ ࠺ ࠲ ਛ ߩ ߎ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ዊ ቇ 2 ᐕ ↢ ߆ ࠄ 㜞 ᩞ 2 ᐕ ↢ ߣ ߁ ᐕ 㦂 ߩ ߇ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠄ ߕ ᱷ ࠅ ߿ ߔ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ࡄ ࠲ ࡦ ߢ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ⥄ ઁ േ ⹖ ߩ ㅒ ߩ ࡄ ࠲ ࡦ ߪ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ᓟ ᦝ ߦ ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ 㓸 ߒ ޔ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ޕ ԙ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ೨ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⊒ ߩ ਛ ߢ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߇ ޔ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߛ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ਇ ⥄ ὼ ߥ ⺆ ᒵ ߿ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ࠗ ߘ ࠇ ߢ ߇ ᧪ ߚ ࠄ ߤ ࠎ ߥ ᣇ ᴺ ߢ ߽ ࠇ ߥ ߢ ޔ ߥ ࠎ ߆ ޔ ߃ ߣ ᾍ ⓭ ߇ ߞ ߚ ߩ ߆ ߥ 㧫 ᾍ ⓭ ߩ ਛ ߆ ࠄ ࠈ ߁ ߣ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕδ լ ጥ ਢ ৻ Ꮦ ܬ ࢨ ਢ ৻ Ꮦ ᔎ ε ࡠ ࠥ ࡓ ࠍ 㧔 ߢ 㧕 ㆆ ߱ ޕδ न ሏ ᚭ ε =A2ޣ ၮ ␆ ޤ ? ࡂ JJ㧦 A2 ߊ ࠎ ߪ ޔ ߆ ߶ ߒ ߽ ߩ ߇ ࠅ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕ A2㧦 ࠦ ࡦ ࡇ ࡘ ࠲ ޕ
JJ㧦 ࠦ ࡦ ࡇ ࡘ ࠲ ޕ ߘ ߩ ᤨ ߪ ߤ ߁ ߔ ࠆ ࠎ ߢ ߔ ߆ ޕ A2㧦 ࡄ ࡄ ߣ ߩ ᢎ ߃ ߡ ޔ ⾈ ߞ ߡ ߊ ߛ ߐ ߞ ߡ ޕ δ ᇿ ट ट ᎅ ᓮ ၇ ݺ ε =A2ޣ ኻ ޤ ? ࠾ ࠆ ޔ ⿒ ޔ ⿒ 㗡 Ꮠ ࠍ ߆ ߱ ߞ ߚ ᅚ ߩ ሶ ߇ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ᓐ ᅚ ߪ ޔ ߅ ߫ ߐ ࠎ ߩ ߅ ⥰ ߩ ߚ ߦ ޔ ߩ ᅏ ߦ ࠆ ߅ ߫ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߩ ኅ ߦ ⴕ ߈ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕδ ڶ ԫ ଡ ᚮ દ ༐ ऱ Ֆ 㧘 ڔ ࠩ ཤ ࣥ ᇙ ऱ ؊ ؊ ୮ ൶ ఐ ε =C1ޣ ⍮ ޤ ? ࡎ ᧂ ᧪㨧 ߦ 㨩߅ ㊄ ޔ߅ ㊄ ࠍ ߚ ߥ ߣ ޕδ Ա آ ࠐ㧘 ژ ᙒ ε=D1 ޣ ኻ ޤ ? ࡋ ᴦ ߩ ੱ ‛ ߣ ߆ ߽ ㆆ ࠎ ߢ ࠆ ޕδ ਙ ए Գ ढ Ո ڇ न ऱ ε =D1ޣ ኻ ޤ ? ࠻ ߥ ࠎ ߆ ޔ JJ ߐ ࠎ ߇ ߥ ߦ ߆ ޔ ߥ ߦ ߆ ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ ޔ ࡑ ࡑ ࠍ ត ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ߅ 㔚 ޔ ߒ ޔ ߒ ߥ ߞ ߡ ޕδ ڔ ބ ა ა ε =D1ޣ ኻ ޤ ? ࠴ ╙ ৻ ⇟ ⋡ ߩ ⽋ ߩ ߅ ఱ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߪδ ร ԫ ଡ ୂ ୂ ε =E2ޣ ⍮ ޤ ? ߩ ਛ ߢ ޔ ߐ ޔ ߐ ߊ ࠄ ߩ ᧁ ߇ ߣ ߡ ߽ ߈ ࠇ ߢ ߒ ߚ ޕδ ڇ ֆ Ⴜ ᇙ ε =E2ޣ ၮ ␆ ޤ ? JJ㧦 ᤓ ᣣ ߪ ᤨ ߦ ኢ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆ ޕ C2㧦 ߽ ߁ ߔ ߋ 11 ᤨ =C2ޣ ၮ ␆ ޤ ?δ ݶ Լ ԫ រ ε ࡞ JJ㧦 ߓ ߾ ޔ ߶ ߒ ߽ ߩ ߇ ߞ ߚ ࠄ ޔ ߟ ߽ ߤ ߁ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧫 C2㧦 ࡑ ࡑ ߣ ߶ ߒ ߇ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕδ ᇿ ა ა ε =C2ޣ ኻ ޤ ? ࡥ ৻ ⇟ ߅ ߞ ߈ ሶ ⽋ ߇ ޔ ੑ ⇟ ᄢ ߈ ሶ ⽋ ߩ ߅ ኅ ߦ ⴕ ߈ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ߘ ߒ ߡ ޔ ߇ ޔ ੑ ⇟ ߩ ߎ ޔ ሶ ⽋ ߩ ߅ ߁ ߜ ࠍ ̖ ޕδ ร Բ ଡ ε =E3ޣ ⍮ ޤ ? ࡢ JJ㧦 ⺕ ߆ ߆ ࠄ 㔚 ߞ ߚ 㧫 E3㧦 ߪ ޕ JJ㧦 ߥ ࠎ ߡ 㧫 E3㧦 ߃ ߞ ߣ ߁ ޔ ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ ࠍ ߐ ߇ ޔ ߔ ࠎ ߢ ߔ ޕδ ڔ ބ ა ა ε =E3ޣ ኻ ޤ ? න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߇ ᄙ ߇ ޔ㧔 ࡠ 㧕 ߣ 㧔 㧕ޔ㧔 ࡋ 㧕 ߣ 㧔 ࡥ 㧕ޔ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߦ ห ߓ ᗧ ߩ േ ⹖ ߣ ߒ ߡ ሽ ߒ ߡ ߡ ߽ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ᗧ ⊛ ↪ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ േ ⹖ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ᐓ ᷤ ߽ ࠆ ޕ ㇱ 㧔 2007㧕 ߩ 6 ᱦ ߩ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠺ ࠲ ߆ ࠄ ߽ ޟ ᱤ ߇ ᛮ ߌ ࠆ ޠ ࠍ ޟ ᱤ ߇ ⪭ ߜ ࠆ ޠ δ ׃ ᕡ ൾ Ա εޔޟ ♻ ߇ ಾ ࠇ ࠆ ޠࠍޟ ✢ ߇ ᛬ ࠇ ࠆ ޠδ ᒵ ឰ Ա εߣ ߥ ࠆ ⊒ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ࠍ Უ ⺆ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ᚑ ੱ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ቇ ⠌
⠪ ߦ ߽ ࠃ ߊ ฃ ߌ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ᓟ ઁ ߦ ߽ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ߢ ⺋ ࠅ ߿ ߔ ߩ ߆ ࠍ ᦝ ߦ ⺞ ߴ ߡ ߊ ᔅ ⷐ ߇ ࠆ ޕ Ԛ ᢥ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ਛ ޔ ╩ ⠪ ߪ ⾰ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ᤨ ߦ ߪ ၮ ᧄ ⊛ ߦ ᢘ ࠍ ↪ ߚ ߇ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ᐕ ዋ ⠪ ߢ ࠆ ߚ ᭂ ᐲ ߥ ✕ ᒛ ࠍ ਈ ߃ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⠨ ᘦ ߒ ߡ Ᏹ ࠍ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߽ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ኻ ߒ ޔ A1 ޔ C1 ޔ E1 ߣ E2 ߪ ⚳ ᆎ ᢘ ߩ ᢥ ߢ ߩ ฃ ߌ ╵ ߃ ߇ ߢ ߈ ߡ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ৻ ੱ ࠍ 㒰 ߊ ߣ ዊ ቇ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ એ ߢ ࠅ ޔ ߎ ߩ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ ㆐ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ߆ ߥ ࠅ ࡈ ࠜ ࡑ ࡞ ߣ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ࠜ ࡑ ࡞ ߩ ಽ ߌ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ B1 ߣ C1 ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ╩ ⠪ ߣ ߪ ᬺ ᩞ ߢ 㗻 ࠍ ว ࠊ ߖ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ߚ ޔ ߘ ߩ ᳇ シ ߐ ߆ ࠄ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ࠜ ࡑ ࡞ ߥ ᢥ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߚ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ߩ ߚ ޔ ߎ ߩ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߆ ࠄ ߪ ᢥ ߩ ⛔ ৻ ᕈ ߩ ή ࠍ ᬌ ⸽ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ߢ ߈ ߥ ⚿ ᨐ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߚ ޕ ᓟ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ Ꮏ ᄦ ߔ ࠆ ᔅ ⷐ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ԛ ߘ ߩ ઁ ⶄ ᢥ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ೨ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ᦨ ૐ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߿ 㗩 ߚ ࠅ 㚂 ࠍ ᝄ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ߔ ࠆ ߛ ߌ ߩ ╵ ߃ ߽ ࠆ ߇ ޔߤ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߽ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߩ ฃ ߌ ╵ ߃ ߪ ᵹ ᥰ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ߘ ߩ ᄙ ߊ ߪ න ᢥ ߢ ࠅ ޔ ⶄ ᢥ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ 㨧 4㨩 ߆ ࠄ 㨧 8㨩 ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ᢥ ߩ ߨ ߓ ࠇ ߇ ⷰ ኤ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޕ 㨧 4㧦 A1㧔 㜞 2 ↵ 㧕 ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ ߅ ޠ㨩 ᰴ ↵ ߩ ሶ ⽋ ߪ ߱ ࠄ ߱ ࠄ ᱠ ߡ ޔᧁ ߇ ߃ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ㨧 ᰴ ↵ ߩ ሶ ⽋ ߇ ߱ ࠄ ߱ ࠄ ᱠ ߡ ࠆ ߣ 㧛 ߚ ࠄ ޔ㨩 㨧 5㧦 A2㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ળ ߦ ߛ ߜ ࠍ ⺃ ߁ ޠ㨩 ߩ ޔ ޔ ᣣ ߪ ߩ ⺀ ↢ ᣣ ߢ ޔ᧪ ߡ ߊ ߛ ߐ ޕ㨧 ߥ ߩ ߢ 㨩 㨧 6㧦 A2㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕 ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ ߅ ޠ㨩 3 ߩ ሶ ⽋ ߩ ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ ߪ ޔ ⥄ ಽ ߢ ↢ ߈ ޔ ߩ ޔ ⥄ ಽ ߢ ↢ ᵴ ߒ ߡ ߺ ߚ ࠄ ޔ3 ߩ ሶ ⽋ ߇ ᄖ ߦ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠄ ߒ ߡ ߺ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ㨧 ⥄ ಽ ߢ ↢ ᵴ ߒ ߡ ߺ ߚ ࠄ ޔ ߣ ⸒ ߞ ߚ ߩ ߢ 㨩 㨧 7㧦 D1㧔 ዊ 6 ↵ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ㨩
JJ㧦 ߤ ߁ ߒ ߡ ዊ ቇ ᩞ ߩ 1㧘 2 ᐕ ↢ ߩ వ ↢ ߦ ߥ ࠅ ߚ ߩ 㧫 D1㧦৻ ⇟ ᦨ ೋ ߆ ࠄ ޔߜ ߾ ࠎ ߣ ޔ߃ ߞ ߣ ߔ ߈ ߜ ޔ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔ߃ ߞ ߣ ޔ ⾫ ߊ ߐ ߖ ࠆ ޕߢ ޔ ᣇ ᴺ ޕ⚿ ᭴ 1㧘2 ᐕ ↢ ߩ ᚑ 㐳 ߽ ᣧ ߆ ࠄ ޕ㨧 ⚿ ᭴ 1㧘 2 ᐕ ↢ ߩ ᚑ 㐳 ߽ ᣧ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ৻ ⇟ ᦨ ೋ ߆ ࠄ ᣇ ᴺ ߢ ߜ ߾ ࠎ ߣ ⾫ ߊ ߐ ߖ ࠆ ޕ㨩 㨧 8㧦 D1㧔 ዊ 6 ↵ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ㨩 JJ㧦 ߚ ߛ ߹ ޕ D1㧦ߥ ࠎ ߆ JJ ߐ ࠎ ߇ ߥ ߦ ߆ ޔߥ ߦ ߆ ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ ޔࡑ ࡑ ࠍ ត ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ߅ 㔚 ޔ ߒ ޔ ߒ ߥ ߞ ߡ ޔ ߅ 㔚 ߢ ߽ ߒ ߚ ࠄ ߞ ߡ ⸒ ߞ ߚ ࠎ ߛ ߌ ߤ ޕ㨧 JJ ߐ ࠎ ߆ ࠄ 㔚 ߇ ߞ ߡ ޔ ᓟ ߢ ߹ ߚ 㔚 ߒ ߹ ߔ ߞ ߡ ⸒ ߞ ߡ ߚ ࠎ ߛ ߌ ߤ ޕ㨩 ߹ ߚ ޔ A2 ߪ ⶄ ᢥ ਛ ߢ ߩ ᩰ ഥ ⹖ ޟ ߣ ޠ ߩ ⺋ ↪ ߇ ⋡ ┙ ߟ ޕ D1 ߦ ߽ ৻ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ 㨧 9㧦 ᩰ ഥ ⹖ ޟ ߣ ޠ ߩ ⺋ ↪ 㨩 ⋁ ࠍ ⟎ ߊ ߣ ޔ ߜ ࠂ ߞ ߣ ಾ ࠆ ߆ ޔ ߩ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ޔ ߜ ࠂ ߞ ߣ ‛ ࠍ ޔ ߈ ࠀ ߁ ࠅ ߣ ߆ ࠍ ዊ ߐ ߊ ಾ ࠆ ޕ㧔 A2ޣ ၮ ␆ ޤ㧕 ኋ 㗴 ߣ ޔ ᧄ ߣ ޔ ࠹ ࡆ ߣ ޔ ࠥ ࡓ ࠍ ㆆ ߱ ޕ㧔 A2ޣ ၮ ␆ ޤ㧕 6 ᤨ 45 ಽ ߦ ߈ ߡ ޔ ᦺ ߏ ߪ ࠎ ߣ ᵗ ࠍ ឵ ߃ ߡ 㧔 A2ޣ ၮ ␆ ޤ㧕 ᧁ ࠍ ಾ ࠅ ߔ ߉ ߡ ੑ ㉄ ൻ ⚛ ߇ ᄙ ߔ ߉ ࠆ ޔ ߣ ޔ Ꮏ ႐ ߇ 㤥 ᾍ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ޔ ߃ ߞ ߣ ࠍ ⎕ უ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ㧔 A2ޣ ⍮ ޤ㧕 ߽ ߞ ߣ ᧁ ࠍ ᬀ ߃ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ゞ ߪ ᬌ ᩏ ߦ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ޔ ߩ ޔ 㤥 ᾍ ࠍ ߛ ߐ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޕ㧔 A2ޣ ⍮ ޤ㧕 wii ߇ ߪ ߿ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ߽ ㆆ ߮ ߚ ߊ ߡ ޔ ߣ ޔ ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ ߽ ߟ ߢ ߦ ࠳ ࠗ ࠛ ࠶ ࠻ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ࠄ ޔ ߶ ߒ ߥ ޕ㧔 D1ޣ ኻ ޤ㧕 ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ Ყ セ ⊛ ᐕ 㦂 ߇ 㜞 ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔਛ ፉ ઁ㧔 2000:11㧕ߢ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔߎ ࠇ ࠍ ᓐ ࠄ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ⊛ ᝂ ᛬ ߣ ್ ᢿ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߪ ᣧ ᕆ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ޕ ૐ ቇ ᐕ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ዋ ߥ ߩ ߪ ޔ⊒ ㊂ ߇ ో ⊛ ߦ ዋ ߥ ߊ ޔන ᢥ ߩ ↪ ߽ ᄙ ߚ ߢ ߽ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߛ ߌ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ࠃ ࠅ 㔍 ᤃ ᐲ ߩ 㜞 ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߩ ࠇ ߢ ߽ ࠆ ߣ ⸒ ߃ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߛ ࠈ ߁ ߆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ B1 ߣ B2 ߩ ఱ ᒉ ޔ E1 ߣ E2 ߣ E3 ߩ ᆌ ᆂ ߩ ߁ ߜ ߩ E1 ߣ E2 ߪ ⊒ ㊂ ߩ ᄙ ߐ ߦ Ყ ߒ ߡ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ 㕖 Ᏹ ߦ ዋ ߥ ߩ ߪ ޔ Უ ߣ ሶ ߩ 㑆 ߦ 㒢
ࠄ ߕ ኅ ᣖ 㑆 ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ╙ ৻ ሶ ߇ ᣣ ᧄ ߢ 1 ᐕ ߥ ߒ 2 ᐕ ߩ ዞ ቇ ⚻ 㛎 ߇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ᄐ ભ ߺ ߦ ߪ 㐳 ᦼ 㑆 Უ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ߩ ታ ኅ ߢ ㆊ ߏ ߒ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߺ ߩ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߦ ⸅ ࠇ ࠆ ᯏ ળ ߇ ᄙ ߣ ߁ ኅ ᐸ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ߇ ࠆ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ኅ ᐸ ౝ ߢ Უ ߣ ሶ ߛ ߌ ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ㄟ ߺ ߞ ߚ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ࠊ ߑ ࠊ ߑ ⺑ ߒ ߥ ߊ ߡ ߽ ㅢ ߓ ࠆ ⁁ ᴫ ߇ ᄙ ޕ ᗧ ⼂ ߒ ߡ ⶄ 㔀 ߥ ᢥ ߢ ߐ ߖ ࠆ ⠌ ᘠ ࠍ ߟ ߌ ࠇ ߫ ᡷ ༀ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ߽ ߒ ࠇ ߥ ޕ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ߹ ࠅ ⴕ ࠊ ߥ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ߹ ࠅ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߥ ⸒ ⺆ ⴕ േ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߇ 㔍 ߒ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߩ ߪ㨧 8㨩ߩ D1 ߛ ߌ ߢ ߪ ߥ ޕߎ ߩ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߪ A1 ࠍ 㒰 ߊ ో ຬ ߦ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ߇ ޔᢘ ⺆ ߩ ↪ ߿ વ ⸒ ߩ ߒ ߆ ߚ ߥ ߤ ޔਥ ߦ ૐ ቇ ᐕ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ਇ ᘠ ࠇ ߥ ᭽ ሶ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ኻ ߦ ޔ ⇐ ⇟ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ࠃ ߊ ࠆ ߣ ߁ E1 ߪ ޔ ߎ ߩ ੑ ὐ ߦ ߽ 㗴 ߥ ߊ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߇ ㆐ ᚑ ߢ ߈ ߡ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߪ ޔ ਥ ߦ ૐ ቇ ᐕ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߪ ⥄ ಽ ߇ ৻ ੱ ߢ ⇐ ⇟ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ⚻ 㛎 ߇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⁁ ᴫ ߇ ߞ ߡ ߽ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߩ 㔚 ߢ ߪ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ߘ ߒ ߡ ࠃ ࠅ ߽ ៤ Ꮺ 㔚 ߩ ᥉ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ޔ 㔚 ߩ વ ⸒ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ⥄ ߇ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߣ ߽ 㑐 ଥ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ޕ 㨧 11㧦 C1㧔 ਛ 1 ᅚ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ㨩 JJ㧦 ߩ ޔ M ߐ ࠎ ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕ C1㧦 ޔ ޔ ቛ 㧫 ቛ ޕ ߅ ߆ ߌ 㨯㨯㨯 ޔ ቛ ߓ ߾ ࠅ ߹ ߖ ࠎ ޕ JJ㧦 ޔ ߓ ߾ ޔ ᤨ ߏ ࠈ Ꮻ ߞ ߡ ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕ C1㧦 ੍ ᗐ ߇ ߟ ߈ ߹ ߖ ࠎ ޕ ੍ ᗐ ߇ ߟ ߈ ߹ ߖ ࠎ ޕ 㨧 12㧦 E2㧔 ዊ 4 ᅚ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ㨩 E2㧦 ߅ ߆ ߃ ࠅ ߥ ߐ ޕ ߩ ޔ ߈ ࠂ ޔ ߐ ߞ ߈ ߐ ޔJJ ߐ ࠎ ߞ ߡ ߁ ੱ ߆ ࠄ 㔚 ߇ ߆ ߆ ࠅ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ߹ ߚ ߢ ࠎ ޔ ߢ ࠎ ࠊ ߒ ߡ ߊ ߛ ߐ ߞ ߡ ޔ ߚ ߩ ޔ ߩ ߅ 㗿 㨯㨯㨯ޕ 㨧 13㧦 B2㧔 ዊ 2 ↵ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ㨩 JJ㧦 ߩ ޔ S ߐ ࠎ ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕ
B2㧦 ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߖ ࠎ ޕ JJ㧦 ߃ ߣ ޔ ߓ ߾ ޔ ᤨ ߏ ࠈ Ꮻ ߞ ߡ ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߔ ߆ ޕ B2㧦 ᤨ ߢ ߽ ߌ ߤ 㨯㨯㨯ޕ JJ㧦 ߁ ࠎ ߣ ޔ ߓ ߾ ޔ ߅ Უ ߐ ࠎ Ꮻ ߞ ߚ ࠄ ޔ ߩ ߹ ߚ 㔚 ߒ ߹ ߔ ߞ ߡ ߅ વ ߃ ߊ ߛ ߐ ޕ B2㧦 ޕ JJ㧦 ߓ ߾ ޔ ᄬ ␞ ߒ ߹ ߔ ޕ B2㧦 ߹ ߚ ᓟ ߢ ߨ ޕ 㧔 ਛ ⇛ 㧕 JJ㧦 ߥ ࠎ ߡ 㧫 B2㧦 Ꮻ ߞ ߚ ࠄ ޔ ߹ ߚ ޔ ⺕ ߆ 㔚 ߔ ࠆ ߞ ߡ ޕ JJ㧦 ޔ ⺕ ߆ 㔚 ߔ ࠆ ߞ ߡ ⸒ ߞ ߡ ߚ ࠎ ߛ ޕ㧔 ╉ 㧕 B2㧦 ߹ ߚ ⺕ ߆ 㔚 ߔ ࠆ ߞ ߡ ޕ 㨧 14㧦 C2㧔 ዊ 2 ᅚ 㧕 ኻ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ޟ વ ⸒ ޠ㨩 JJ㧦 ߩ ޔ ߅ ߆ ߐ ࠎ ޔ M ߐ ࠎ ࠄ ߞ ߒ ߾ ߹ ߔ ߆ 㧫 C2㧦 ߆ ߌ ߜ ߾ ߹ ߒ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⸒ ⺆ ⴕ േ ߩ ߶ ߆ ߦ ޔ ⍮ ⼂ ਇ ⿷ ߿ ⸒ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ਇ ⿷ ߣ ߁ ࠃ ࠅ ߪ ⥄ ಽ ߇ ⠨ ߃ ߡ ߥ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ㆐ ᚑ ߇ 㔍 ߒ ߆ ߞ ߚ ࠃ ߁ ߛ ޕ ⍮ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߩ ޟ ኂ ޠ ߪ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߒ ߚ ࠄ ኂ ࠍ 㒐 ߉ ޔ ࠍ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߔ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ޟ ᧁ ࠍ ಾ ࠄ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ޠޟ ឃ ᳇ ࠟ ࠬ ࠍ ߐ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ޠߥ ߤ ⛗ ߦ ឬ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߘ ߩ ߹ ߹ ⸒ ߁ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߇ ߶ ߣ ࠎ ߤ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ Უ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ῳ ⷫ ߇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ኅ ᐸ ߢ ߽ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ߣ ߞ ߡ ߪ Უ ⷫ ߇ ᦨ ߽ ធ ⸅ ㊂ ߩ ᄙ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ Უ ⺆ ⠪ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ߩ ߚ ޔ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߦ Უ ⷫ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߞ ߚ ޕ ৻ ߟ ߪ B1 ߩ ᣇ ⸒ ޔ ߽ ߁ ৻ ߟ ߪ D1 ߩ ޟ ߏ ᧄ ࠍ ⺒ ࠎ ߢ ࠆ ޠޟ ߅ ኅ ߢ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޠ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᓟ ⠪ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ㇱ㧔 2005㧕ߢ ߽ ޔޟ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ એ ߩ ↵ ߩ ሶ ߇ޡ ߅ ࠭ ࡏ ࡦ ޢߞ ߡ ⸒ ߁ ߩ ߪ ᄌ ߛ ޕޠޟޡ 㨪 ߥ ߩ ࠃ ߨ ޕޢ ߣ ߁ ⸒ ᣇ ࠍ ᕷ ሶ ߇ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޔ ߃ ߡ ᅚ ᕈ ࠄ ߒ ߊ ߥ ⸒ ⪲ ࠍ ߁ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᔃ ߇ ߌ ߡ ߚ ޕޠߣ ߁ Უ ⷫ ߩ
߇ ߞ ߚ ޕ↵ ߩ ሶ ߣ Უ ⷫ ߣ ߩ 㑆 ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ႐ ว ߦ ߪ ޔ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᚑ 㐳 ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ߡ ᅚ ᕈ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ߦ ߥ ࠄ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᳇ ࠍ ߟ ߌ ࠆ ᔅ ⷐ ߇ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 d㧕 ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ↪ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ᢥ ਛ ߢ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ න ⺆ ߇ ᷙ ߓ ࠆ ߣ ߁ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ↪ ߪ ߤ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ߽ ో ߊ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ᥉ Ბ ߆ ࠄ ᗧ ⼂ ߒ ߡ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ⚿ ᨐ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ޕ એ ޔኻ ⽎ ⠪ 10 ੱ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⊒ ࠺ ࠲ ߦ ߟ ߡ㧔 a㧕㨪㧔 d㧕ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ JHL ߩ ․ ᓽ ߇ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ߤ ߁ ߆ ࠍ ᬌ ⸽ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ޕ ᵈ ᗧ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߪ ޔ ߎ ߩ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ਛ ߢ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ᄙ ߎ ߣ ߣ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ߩ 㜞 ૐ ߣ ࠍ ߘ ߩ ߹ ߹ ⚿ ߮ ߟ ߌ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ߢ ߈ ߥ ߣ ߁ ὐ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ߶ ߣ ࠎ ߤ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ B1㧔 ਛ 1 ↵ 㧕ޔC1㧔 ਛ 1 ᅚ 㧕ޔE1㧔 ዊ 5 ᅚ 㧕ޔC2㧔 ዊ 2 ᅚ 㧕ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ㜞 ቇ ᐕ ߢ ࠆ ೨ ⠪ ߩ ਃ ੱ ߪ Ⓧ ᭂ ⊛ ߦ ߔ ਛ ߦ ߽ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ዋ ߥ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ૐ ቇ ᐕ ߩ C2 ߪ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߦ ᦨ ૐ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ╵ ߃ ࠆ ะ ߦ ࠅ ޔ⊒ ㊂ ⥄ ߇ ዋ ߥ ޕߘ ߩ ߚ ߆ ޔ ഥ ⹖ ߩ ↪ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ߥ ޕ ㅒ ߦ A1㧔 㜞 2 ↵ 㧕 ߣ D1㧔 ዊ 6 ↵ 㧕 ߪ ⾰ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ Ⓧ ᭂ ⊛ ߦ ╵ ߃ ߡ ߊ ࠇ ߡ ⊒ ㊂ ߘ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߇ ᄙ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߚ ޔ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ൻ ߒ ߿ ߔ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ޔ ⠨ ኤ ೨ ┨ ߢ ߪ ᧄ ⎇ ⓥ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߢ ࠆ ᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ JHL ߩ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߦ ߪ ޔ ਛ ፉ ઁ 㧔 2000㧕 ߢ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ․ ᓽ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ᬌ ⸽ ߒ ߚ ޕ ߘ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ޔ㧔 a㧕 ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߁ ߹ ߊ ߢ ߈ ߥ ߣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߦ ಾ ࠅ ᦧ ߃ ࠆ ޔ㧔 d㧕 ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ᢥ ߩ ਛ ߦ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ࠍ ᷙ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߽ ᢥ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߽ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ න ⺆ ߇ ᕁ ߟ ߆ ߥ ߣ ߈ ߪ ޔ ઁ ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ⸒ ឵ ߃ ߚ ࠅ ⺑ ࠍ ട ߃ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ࠊ ߆ ࠄ ߥ ߣ ߁ ࠨ ࠗ ࡦ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ഥ ߌ ࠍ ᳞ ࠆ ࠬ ࠻ ࠹ ࠫ ߇ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ߚ ޕ 㧔 b㧕ᦨ ዊ 㒢 ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ᗧ ᔒ વ ㆐ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦޟ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߩ ᔕ ╵ ޠ ޟ ᧂ ቢ ᚑ ᢥ ޠ ߩ ↪ ߇ ᄙ ޔ㧔 c㧕 ᣣ Ᏹ ⨥ 㘵 ߩ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ળ ߪ ࠬ ࡓ ࠭ ߢ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ᔨ ⊛ ޔ ⽎ ⊛ ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ޔ ⺆ ᒵ ߇ ਇ ⿷ ߒ ޔ Ბ ⪭ ߇ ߹ ߣ ߹ ࠄ ߥ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ޔ ᵹ ᥰ ߦ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ⊒ ߩ ਛ ߦ ഥ ⹖ ߩ ⣕ ⪭ ߿ L2 ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ޔ ᢥ ߩ ਇ ৻ ⥌ ߩ 㗴 ߥ ߤ ߇ ࠆ ޔ ߩ ੑ 㗄 ⋡ ߦ ߟ
ߡ ߪ ᧄ ࠺ ࠲ ਛ ߢ ߽ ห ᭽ ߩ ะ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ 㧔 b㧕ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ޔᐕ 㦂 ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ߣ ᕈ ᩰ ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ߇ ᄢ ߈ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ⊒ ㊂ ߩ ᄙ ዋ ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ್ ᢿ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߪ 㔍 ߒ ޕ ਛ ፉ ઁ ߇ ᜰ ៰ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߩ ળ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߣ ⸒ ߞ ߡ ߽ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ એ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ⢻ ജ ߇ ࠆ น ⢻ ᕈ ߽ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ 㧔 c㧕ߪ ਛ ፉ ઁ ߩ ߍ ࠆ ․ ᓽ ߣ ߶ ߷ ว ⥌ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔᰴ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߹ ߣ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ޕ Ԙ ᢥ ᴺ ⊒ ࠺ ࠲ ߆ ࠄ ᓧ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ᢥ ᴺ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ޔޟ ഥ ⹖ ޠޟ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ഥ േ ⹖ ޠ ߢ ޔߣ ߊ ߦޟ ഥ ⹖ ޠߣޟ േ ⹖ ޠ߇ ᄙ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕޟ ഥ ⹖ ޠߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ᩰ ഥ ⹖ޟ ࠍ ޠߩ ᄙ ↪ ߇ ⋡ ┙ ߞ ߚ ޕޟ േ ⹖ ޠߪ ߘ ߩ ᄢ ㇱ ಽ ߪ ⥄ ઁ േ ⹖ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޔઁ േ ⹖ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߣ ߎ ࠈ ࠍޟ ⥄ േ ⹖ ޠ߇ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߩ ߎ ߣ ߣ ᐜ ఽ ߇ ⥄ േ ⹖ ࠍ వ ߦ ⠌ ᓧ ߔ ࠆ వ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ 㧔 દ ⮮ , 1990㧕 ߣ 㑐 ଥ ߇ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޔ ᓟ ߩ ᦝ ߥ ࠆ ࠺ ࠲ 㓸 ߆ ࠄ ᬌ ⸽ ߒ ߚ ޕ ઁ ߩ ຠ ⹖ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ߥ ߩ ߆ ߣ ⸒ ߃ ߫ ߘ ߁ ߁ ࠊ ߌ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߛ ࠈ ߁ ޕ ࠃ ࠅ ᐢ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ⊒ ߇ ᒁ ߈ ߖ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ࠻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ߿ ⾰ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ᔅ ⷐ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ԙ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ⊒ ࠺ ࠲ ߆ ࠄ ߪ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ߺ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߇ ޔޟ JJ ߐ ࠎ ߇ ࡑ ࡑ ࠍ ត ߒ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 JJ ߐ ࠎ ߆ ࠄ ࡑ ࡑ ߐ ࠎ ߦ 㔚 ߇ ߞ ߚ 㧕㨧 JJ ބ ა ა 㨩ޟ ࡑ ࡑ ߣ ߶ ߒ ߇ ߞ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 ࡑ ࡑ ߦ ߅ 㗿 ߔ ࠆ 㧕㨧 ᇿ ა ა 㨩 ߣ ߁ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ޔ ห ߓ ᗧ ߩ േ ⹖ ߢ ߪ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߘ ߩ ᗧ ⊛ ↪ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ㆑ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߽ ࠆ ޕߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ 6 ᱦ ఽ ߩ OBC ࠺ ࠲ ߆ ࠄ ߽ ᬌ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ࠍ Უ ⺆ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ᚑ ੱ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ቇ ⠌ ⠪ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⊒ ߿ ᢥ ߦ ߽ ࠃ ߊ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ⺋ ↪ ߢ ࠆ ޕJHLޔJFL ߦ 㑐 ଥ ߥ ߊ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ Უ ⺆ ⠪ ߇ ⺋ ࠅ ߿ ߔ േ ⹖ ߿ ߩ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ࠍ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߡ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߒ ߡ ߊ ߎ ߣ ߪ ਔ ⠪ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ቇ ⠌ ߦ ⋉ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ߢ ࠈ ߁ ޕ Ԛ ᢥ ዊ ቇ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ એ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߪ ⚳ ᆎ ᢘ ߢ ߔ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߇ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ߪ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߦ 㓙 ߒ ߡ ᜰ ␜ ߽ ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠄ ߕ ޔ ߹ ߚ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ
ⴕ ߞ ߚ ╩ ⠪ ߇ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߣ 㕙 ⼂ ߇ ߞ ߚ ߚ ޔ ᢘ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ᗧ ⼂ ߇ ᰳ ᅤ ߒ ߡ ߚ น ⢻ ᕈ ߽ ࠆ ޕ ԛ ߘ ߩ ઁ 㧙 ⶄ ᢥ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ⚻ 㛎 ߒ ߥ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ Უ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 න ᢥ ߢ ߩ ⊒ ߢ ߪ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ߇ ޔ ⶄ ᢥ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ᢥ ߇ ߨ ߓ ࠇ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ᢥ ߩ ធ ⛯ ߇ ਇ ㆡ ಾ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ߔ ࠆ ޕ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ એ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ะ ߇ ߺ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ᐕ 㦂 ߇ ߇ ࠆ ߦ ߟ ࠇ ߡ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ߊ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ߇ ߜ ߢ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ᗧ ᄖ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߪ ૐ ቇ ᐕ ߦ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ߥ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔ 㜞 ቇ ᐕ ߩ ⊒ ߦ ߪ ઃ ട ᖱ ႎ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ޔ 㜞 ᐲ ߥ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߥ ߤ ޔ ⊒ ߩ ⾰ ߣ ㊂ ߇ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ߚ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᐕ 㦂 ߇ ߇ ࠆ ߦ ߟ ࠇ ߡ ޔ ߘ ߩ ߔ ౝ ኈ ߽ ⶄ 㔀 ߦ ߥ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ߡ ࠍ ᱜ ߒ ᢥ ဳ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ⊒ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߦ ߪ ኅ ᐸ ౝ ߩ ળ ߢ ߽ ᗧ ⼂ ߔ ࠆ ᔅ ⷐ ߇ ࠈ ߁ ޕ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ⚻ 㛎 ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ዋ ߥ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ㆐ ᚑ ᐲ ߇ ૐ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕޟ 㔚 ߩ વ ⸒ ޠߪ ߩ ៤ Ꮺ 㔚 ߩ ᥉ ߆ ࠄ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ⸒ ⺆ ⴕ േ ߩ ৻ ߟ ߢ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߘ ߩ 㓙 ߩ ᢘ ⺆ ߩ ↪ ߽ ਇ ㆡ ಾ ߢ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ޕ ᦝ ߦ ↵ ߩ ሶ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ޔ Უ ሶ 㑆 ߢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ࠆ 㓙 ߪ ޔ ↵ ߩ ሶ ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߇ ᅚ ᕈ ⸒ ⪲ ߦ ߥ ࠄ ߥ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᳇ ࠍ ߟ ߌ ࠆ ᔅ ⷐ ߽ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߛ ޕ એ ޔ ⺋ ࠅ ߇ ߎ ࠅ ߿ ߔ ߩ ߪ ޟ ഥ ⹖ ޠޟ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ഥ േ ⹖ ޠ ߢ ޔ ⶄ ᢥ ߩ ធ ⛯ ߢ ߽ ߨ ߓ ࠇ ߇ ߎ ࠅ ߿ ߔ ޕ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߩ ᐓ ᷤ ߪ න ⺆ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߽ ᢥ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߽ ߈ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⺋ ࠅ ߪ ޔ ࠃ ࠅ ⶄ 㔀 ߥ ౝ ኈ ࠍ ߔ ߣ ߈ ߣ ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߢ ⚻ 㛎 ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߹ ࠅ ߥ ࠲ ࠬ ࠢ ߢ ߒ ߿ ߔ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߪ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ਛ ࿖ ⺆ ߢ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ߥ ᢥ ᴺ 㗄 ⋡ ߪ ⠌ ᓧ ߒ ߦ ߊ ߊ ޔ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߢ ߪ ޟ ഥ ⹖ ޠޟ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ᢘ ⺆ ޠޟ ഥ േ ⹖ ޠޟ ᯏ ⢻ ⺆ ޠ ߇ ߘ ࠇ ߦ ᒰ ߔ ࠆ ߁ ᧘ 㧔 2006;136㧕 ߩ ᜰ ៰ ߦ ว ⥌ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ߥ ߇ ࠄ ޔ10 ੱ ߩ ࠺ ࠲ ߢ ߪ ߤ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ߽ ㅢ ߔ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ߣ ߁ ߩ ߪ ታ 㓙 ߦ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ⒳ 㘃 ߣ ᐕ 㦂 ߩ ᄢ ߈ ߥ 㑐 ࠊ ࠅ ߪ ߺ ࠄ ࠇ ߕ ޔ ߘ ߩ ᕈ ߣ ห ᭽ ߦ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ะ ߽ ߐ ߹ ߑ ߹ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ਛ ፉ 㧔 1998b㧕 ߿ Yamamoto㧔 2001㧕 ߢ ߽ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ߎ ߁
ߔ ࠇ ߫ ᔅ ߕ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߦ ⢒ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߣ ߁ ⛘ ኻ ⊛ ߥ ᣇ ᴺ ߪ ሽ ߒ ߥ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ␜ ໂ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߣ ߽ ⸒ ߃ ࠃ ߁ ޕ ᓥ ߞ ߡ ޔ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᚑ 㐳 ࠍ ࠆ ࿐ ߩ ᄢ ੱ ߽ ޔ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ࠤ ࠕ ߦ 㓙 ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔ ߘ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᕈ ᩰ ߿ ↢ ᵴ ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ޔ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ ว ࠊ ߖ ߡ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߩ ᚻ ഥ ߌ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄢ ಾ ߛ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ᓟ ᦝ ߦ ᄙ ߊ ߩ ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ 㓸 ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ޔ ࠃ ࠅ ቴ ⷰ ⊛ ߥ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕ ޔ ᣣ บ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ᭽ ⋧ ࠍ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ޕ ޔ ߹ ߣ ߣ ⺖ 㗴 ਔ ⷫ ߩ Უ ⺆ ߇ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ࿖ 㓙 ⚿ ᇕ ኅ ᐸ ߩ ሶ ߤ ߽ 㧔 એ ਅ ޔޟ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ޠ㧕 ߪ ⥄ ὼ ߆ ߟ ห ᤨ ߦ ߘ ߩ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ⠌ ᓧ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᄙ ߇ ޔ ታ 㓙 ߪ ᔅ ߕ ߒ ߽ ߘ ߁ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߎ ߣ ߇ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ߹ ߢ ߩ ⎇ ⓥ ߢ ႎ ๔ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 Yamamoto, 2001:1㧕ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ᐜ ఽ ᦼ ߩ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߇ ᧪ ߩ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ࠍ 㓚 ߔ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔ ․ ߦ ዬ ␠ ળ ߢ ᐢ ߊ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ߥ 㕖 ਥ ᵹ ⸒ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ ⋧ ᔕ ߒ ߚ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߇ ⠌ ᓧ ߔ ࠆ ߦ ߪ ޔ ⷫ ߩ ᄙ ᄢ ߥ ദ ജ ߇ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ 㧔 ਛ ፉ , 1998a; ጊ ᧄ ,1999; ḡ Ꮉ , 2000㧕ޕ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߪ ⥄ ὼ ߦ ⢒ ߟ ߽ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔ ⢒ ߡ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߛ ߣ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߃ ࠆ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ߎ ߩ ੱ ߩ ᔃ ℂ ⊛ ⷐ ࿃ ߇ ޔ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ⠌ ᓧ ߣ ᜬ ߦ ᄢ ߈ ߊ 㑐 ࠊ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᧘ 㧔 2006㧕 ߢ ␜ ໂ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ⷫ ߿ ࠅ ߩ ੱ ߇ ߤ ࠎ ߥ ߦ ജ ࠍ ࠇ ߡ ߽ ޔ ߤ ࠎ ߥ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߦ ߞ ߡ ߽ ᦨ ⚳ ⊛ ߦ ߪ ᧄ ੱ ᰴ ╙ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ࿁ ߩ ࠺ ࠲ ߪ ᐕ 㦂 ߦ ߩ ࠆ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ 㒢 ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ᤨ 㑆 ߣ ౝ ኈ ߢ ߩ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࠍ ࠺ ࠲ ߣ ߒ ߚ ߚ ޔ ᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ఽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ߒ ⸒ ⪲ ߩ ታ ᘒ ࠍ ⸃ ߔ ࠆ ߦ ߪ 㒢 ࠅ ߇ ࠅ ޔ ᱷ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ⺖ 㗴 ߪ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ޕ ᓟ ߪ ኻ ⽎ ⠪ ߩ ࠃ ࠅ ᐢ ▸ ࿐ ߩ ⸒ ⺆ ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ 㓸 ߢ ߈ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ޔ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ߩ ౝ ኈ ߣ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߽ ᦝ ߦ ᬌ ⸛ ࠍ ട ߃ ࠆ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ᣣ ਛ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ⺋ ࠅ ߩ ਛ ߦ ߪ ᚑ ੱ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ቇ ⠌ ⠪
ߦ ㅢ ߔ ࠆ ⺋ ࠅ ߽ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ޕ JHL ߣ JFL ᣇ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ߦ ᓎ ┙ ߟ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ޔ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ࡔ ࠞ ࠾ ࠭ ࡓ ߩ ⸃ ߦ ജ ࠍ ᵈ ߢ ߈ ߚ ޕ
㧬 ە ֮ 䀿
Bialystock, E. (1991) Metalinguistic dimensions of bilingual language proficiency. In E.Bialystock(Ed.), Language processing in bilingual
children. Cambridge University Press.
ㇱ ⟤ ⾆㧔 2005㧕ޟ บ ḧ ߩ ᣣ บ ᇕ ᆪ ኅ ᐸ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⠌ ᓧ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ၮ ␆ ⊛ ⎇ ⓥ ޠޡ บ ḧ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ⺰ ᢥ 㓸 ╙ ภ ޢ p.251-282 บ ḧ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ቇ ળ ㇱ ⟤ ⾆ 㧔 2007㧕ޟ ᣣ บ ࿖ 㓙 ఽ ߩ ᣣ ਛ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ળ ജ 㧙 6 ᱦ ఽ ߩ OBC ߆ ࠄ 㧙 ޠޡ 2007 ᐕ บ ᄢ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢥ ഃ ᣂ ࿖ 㓙 ቇ ⴚ ⎇ ⸛ ળ ⺰ ᢥ 㓸 ޢ p.223-242 บ ḧ ᄢ ቇ ᣣ ᢥ ♽ દ ⮮ స ᢅ 㧔 1990㧕ޡ ߎ ߤ ߽ ߩ ߎ ߣ ߫ ޢ ᧘ ⟤ 㕕 㧔 2006㧕ޡ ਛ ᣣ ੑ ⸒ ⺆ ߩ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࠭ ࡓ ޢ 㘑 㑆 ᦠ ᚱ ਛ ፉ ሶ 㧔 1998a㧕ޡ ⸒ ⪲ ߣ ᢎ ⢒ ޢ ᶏ ᄖ ሶ ᅚ ᢎ ⢒ ⽷ ࿅ ਛ ፉ ሶ㧔 1998b㧕ޡ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ᢎ ⢒ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ 㧙 12 ᱦ ߹ ߢ ߦ ⷫ ߣ ᢎ Ꮷ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޢ ࠕ ࡞ ࠢ ਛ ፉ ሶ ઁ㧔 2000㧕ޡ ሶ ߤ ߽ ߩ ળ ജ ߩ ᣇ ߣ ⹏ ଔ 㧙 ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ળ ࠹ ࠬ ࠻ 㧔 OBC㧕 ߩ 㐿 ⊒ ̆ ޢ ࠞ ࠽ ࠳ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ᝄ ⥝ ળ
Okita, T. (2002), Invisible Work, John Benjamins Publishing Company ┻ ਅ ୃ ሶ 㧔 2004㧕ޡ ࿖ 㓙 ⚿ ᇕ ߩ ⻉ ⋧ ޢ ቇ ᢥ ␠ ጊ ᧄ 㓷 ઍ㧔 1991㧕ޡ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ 㧙 ߘ ߩ ታ ߣ 㗴 ὐ 㧙 ޢᄢ ୃ 㙚 ᦠ ᐫ ጊ ᧄ 㓷 ઍ㧔 1996㧕ޡ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߪ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߒ ߡ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ⠌ ᓧ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ޢ ⍹ ᦠ ᐫ ጊ ᧄ 㓷 ઍ ✬ 㧔 1999㧕ޡ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ߩ ⇇ ޢ ᄢ ୃ 㙚 ᦠ ᐫ ḡ Ꮉ ╉ ሶ 㧔 2000㧕ޡ ࡃ ࠗ ࡦ ࠟ ࡞ ࠍ ⢒ ߡ ࠆ 0 ᱦ ఽ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ⧷ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ޢ ߊ ࠈ ߒ ߅
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Yukawa, E. (1998), L1 Japanese Attrition and Regaining Three case
