成人的童話世界──武俠小說的「本體論」

Ԛ΢ޠ่ၘзࣩ˕˕ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶҐᡞ፤ȷ

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ݔߴవ

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ᄣ! ्

ݢ߱ϊᇴӪٿೞЩൖ࣐ȶԚ΢่ၘȷȂ௄่ၘܛ໹ڏറޠȶڌ่ȃࢉ ٲȃГདྷȃ፹کȷѳ्ષՅّȂݢ߱ϊᇴଷΠȶڌ่ȷѵȂஆҐα׈ӓ ֜ӬȄկӱڐ࣐Ԛ΢ܛᄻᑟй࣐Ԛ΢ܛᎏၾޠ୾࡚ȂࢉѠпҭ࣐ȶԚ΢ ่ၘȷȄ Ԛ΢η࢑ሰ्่ၘޠȂݢ߱ϊᇴ൸Ӷ೼ঐሰ्ϜᔗၽՅҢȂණٽΠ Κঐདྷ჌ޠȃຏᄻޠȃԥ፹ޠȃ౪དྷޠȂՅй࢑ҦԚ΢Սϐ഻ആޠȶԚ ΢่ၘȷȂ೼࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶҐᡞȷȄ կԚ΢ᄻᑟ೼ঐзࣩȂڦ৸ᇅڌ่τ౵ȄпȶԚ΢่ၘȷ࣐Ґᡞޠ ݢ߱ϊᇴȂᙐϾΠަཽ૖๝ȃ৶ϾΠݳࡢȃ஽።Πၿ኉ޠ౪དྷܓȂӶሎ ሊޠѡх࡛ᄻΠΚঐົ຺౫ᄃՅέϛᚕ౫ᄃޠȃຏᄻདྷ჌ޠԱ෺зࣩȇ ӱՅڏറΠੁྜኸၾȃϾԥ४࣐ณ४ȃхᓼעཿȃ๳࣊܊ᘖȃᅦఽኹܚ ϟ੊пІ༉ܜѡхНϾޠ፞Ӽѓ૗Ȅ Ѭ࢑ȂԄԫޠзࣩȂᗚѠ؂ໍΚؐޠᇅ౫ᄃձ๗ӬȂ௄΢ܓޠِ࡚ яึȂϡп؂౐ΤޠኡቹȂᡞңচറȂٻ೼ঐзࣩ؂ڏཏဏȄ ᜱᗥມȈݢ߱ϊᇴȃ่ၘȃԚ΢่ၘȃ΢ܓ 2008.03.31 ׺ጉȇ2008.04.17 ቸࢦ೾ႇȇ2008.05.05 ঔॐጉԞӈȄ 1 ӶԫȂܛᒞޠȶҐᡞȷȂࡿޠ࢑ȶԇӶޠӔܓȷȂη൸࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴᒧпԚҴޠഷஆҐ ्ષȄ ݔߴవ౫ᙜ࣐୾Ҵѯᢋ৲ጓτᏱ୾Нقఁ௳Ȅ

A Study of Fairy Tales for Adults

ũ the Ontology of Wuxia Martial Arts Novels

Lin Pao-chung

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Abstract

Wuxia martial arts novels are commonly known as fairy tales for adults. The four elements of tales “children, stories, fancy, interesting”, besides “children”, basically co-exist in the wuxia martial arts novel. It was written for mature readers and the imaginary space was also created for adults, so it is reasonable be regarded as fairy tales for adults.

Adults also needs fairy tales. Need creates demand and wuxia martial arts novels appear. It offers a fancy, fictional, interesting, ideal, and fairylands created by adults themselves. These are the essence of wuxia martial arts novels.

The process of the establishment of adult fairy tales is different from that of children fairy tales. Based on adult fairy tales, wuxia martial arts novels simplified the social contractual relationship, weakened the law enforcement, and magnified the ethical ideology. The jiang hu martial arts world set in a fancy, surrealistic ancient time was not truly unrealistic. Thus it functions for retreat, recreation, compensation, free from worry, purification and nostalgic purpose.

Nevertheless the created wuxia world needs to further combine with the real life. Depicting the humanity, investigating the ideology and practices of wuxia deeply, the fairy tales for adults will be more meaningful.

Keywords: wuxia martial arts novel, fairy tale, fairy tales for adults, humanity

஡ݢ߱ϊᇴຝ࣐ȶԚ΢่ၘȷ2Ȃ࢑ҭࠊࣻ࿌඾ႈޠᢏᘉȄկԫᇴ فഥጃϹܼۗեਣե΢ȂҭࠊϑစณݳՄᜍΠȄᐄ 1985 Ԓ 3 У 1 Сі ٶȮӏ݃Сൣȯёၸᄈ࿌х኶Ᏹঢ়๽ᛴ۹ޠ೥ୱȂॷึȶݢ߱ϊᇴ࢑Ԛ ΢่ၘȷޠ፤ᘉȇ1988 Ԓ 5 У 25 СȂࢪងȞᛴ׆ȟӶѯᢋȮᖓӬൣȯ ึߓȲ߱ኈ๸㢿ޠఘՂҢȳȂࠍӲ྘Վ 1979 ԒȈ ෬ȃѯȃज୾ޠ٦ٳ๽΢Ᏹ޲൸ϛџӼᇴΠȄ೼㠆Ѭᖟ຀ ӫ኶Ᏹঢ়๽ᛴ۹࣐پȂу൸࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴޠནԂ޲ȂΚΟΝ Οژऽ୾ճ݃كτᏱᗀᏱਣȂЉЉџӭ໼ޠϜ୾ᓢᓣ࿧ُ ΠҔӶऽ୾ਢၾޠఘՂҢȂᅌяΠȶу໑ႅࢉޤȷޠΚᄎȂ ٻڎ՞ષ࢐҂Ңޠ΢ΚُԄࢉޠȂ൸࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴȂ๽ᛴ۹ থথࣽ׈ΠఘՂҢޠȮ໵੖ҞϗጣȯȄՅ๽ᛴ۹ޠݢ߱ϊ ᇴณߩ࢑ȶԚ΢ޠ่ၘȷޠ፤ᘉȂη࢑೼ਣ঑࿌८֚ຨఘ ՂҢޠȄ3 ՍԫпࡤȂȶԚ΢่ၘȷϟᇴጸดॴ՘Ȃ፤޲Ӽпԫձ࣐ݢ߱ϊᇴ ޠഷٺቹྲȄկ࢑ȂܛᒞȶԚ΢่ၘȷفഥԄեѠпԚҴޠୱᚡȂᏱ޲ ಭౚґᄇȂࣻᜱޠ፤ख़Ȃ܂܂рϟᚔԄȄ4ۓϛ፤࣐ٙݢ߱ནԂ޲ޠ๽ ᛴ۹Ȃп຀ӫ኶Ᏹঢ়ޠٙϸȂܛึޠȶԚ΢่ၘȷ፤ᘉȂ྄Ѡ૗Ѭ࢑Κ ਣлᢏޠདདྷȂґםԚڏᡞޠ౪፤ȇ൸࢑ࡤକනң޲ȂԄݢ߱ӫຠ፤޲ 2 _{ഷԟٻңȶԚ΢่ၘȷΚມޠȂ࿌឵ҖߒޠᏈٟȄᏈٟӶ 1927 ԒᇅቇۡᓡӬណ׈Ԛ} ೊ៍ձঢ়గȆ᝿ຜȞFȅWȅVan EedenȂ1860ʂ1932ȟޠߞ጖่ၘȮϊङᑲȯȞ1887 яޏȂᏈٟ࢑ᐄ኉ᇮޏᙛណޠȟȂӶȲזȳϜ෇ᒞȈȶ೼ၗԄזНܛᇴȂ࢑Κ጖Ⱥຬ ኊቹᄃۼ่ၘၒȻȄณ᜸ޠၒȂԚ΢ޠ่ၘȄӱ࣐ձ޲ޠീᜌڸఄདȂܗ޲ഥϑົႇ ΠΚૢԚ΢ޠ่ၘΠȄȷȞُȮᏈٟז຿໲ȯȟկґᄈȶԚ΢่ၘȷձໍΚؐޠ၍មȂ Ҽߩ஠ࡿݢ߱ϊᇴՅّȄ1980 Ԓ 10 У 12 СȂяޏȮߝஸϊᇴӓ໲ȯޠؖี਀ȂӶ Ȯ݃ൣȯёีȲ๊ࡠτ৲ȳޠኅ֚Ȃࠍңпࡿߝஸޠݢ߱ϊᇴȄ 3 ُࢪងȂȲ߱ኈ๸㢿ޠఘՂҢȳȂȮᖓӬൣȯಒ 21 ޏȞᖓӬ୚ёȟȂ1988 Ԓ 5 У 25 СȄ 4 _{ԥᜱȶԚ΢่ၘȷޠଇ፤ȂτഛᏱ޲ࢺᆱԥȲȶԚ΢่ၘȷᇴȳȞȮڴ៍৲஠Ᏹൣȯ16} ڣ 4 ෉Ȃ2000 Ԓ 11 УȂॳ 58-61ȟΚНȂӍშ࡛ᄻΚᆎུޠȶԚ΢่ၘȷН᜹Ȃկ ґ௄ݢ߱ϊᇴڦ৸ȇ৹۰Ȳ፤ȶԚ΢่ၘȷޠ᛻೛ᆡઢ˕˕চፚϊᇴޠ౪܉ᇅ״ຠȳ ȞȮᏱ೛Уёȯ2000 Ԓ 11 УȂॳ 14-20ȟΚНȂᗷ஠፤ݢ߱ϊᇴȂկҼґᄈȶԚ΢่ ၘȷձसե၍ᇴȄ2000 ԒȂॸ෬ᔑࠓτᏱলᏱܛःفҢቔ઎ഋኦԚȮ௄่ၘѓ૗Մ ࢦߝஸݢ߱ϊᇴޠఅٲ੬Քȯᆉς፤НȂۗпఅٲᏱޠِ࡚វึݢ߱ϊᇴᇅȶԚ΢ ่ၘȷϟ໣ޠѠ૗ᜱ߾Ȃկ२Ӷᙥȶѓ૗ȷڏᡞ௥ଇߝஸϊᇴޠఅٲ੬ՔȂܛ፤ۧ ԥࡠ၅஽Ȅ

ဩࢺҢȂӶȲ࿌хݢ߱ϊᇴޠԚ΢่ၘзࣩȈഇຝѳΫԒٿѯᢋݢ഻߱ ձޠึ৥ᇅࢻᡑȳ5ΚНϜȂᏒᆔঢݚྜࢻȃᖄ፤Լঢ়Ȃᄈѯᢋ࿌хޠ ݢ߱ϊᇴԥ౐ΤՅᆡ៧ޠ፤ख़ȂկܼȶԚ΢่ၘȷѳԆȂٸᙠґԥसե វមȄٲᄃαȂ൸ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶҐᡞȷՅّȂȶԚ΢่ၘȷѠпᇴ࢑ݢ ߱ϊᇴഷםຬޠЩൖȂկ࢑ڐᄃ፵ޠϲో࣐եȉ൸ϛ࢑ήّڎᇮѠ၍ᇴ ఽྀޠΠȄשউϛֺӒ௄ܛᒞޠȶ่ၘȷᇴକȄ

Κȃഇຝȶ่ၘȷ

ԥᜱȶ่ၘȷޠۢဏȂ፤޲⩇Ӽ6ȂӶԫȂשউϛᔤձЋᏱ೛ܓޠ ଇ፤ȂѬ౲ڦංঐङۢߺԚޠۢဏȂձᇴ݃ޠ஼ҐȈ ่ၘ࢑ڌ่НᏱޠΚᆎȂഇႇᙵ൳ޠདྷ჌ȃГདྷڸၔ஼ٿ ༮ആםຬȃЇ࢏ҢࣁȂᄈڌ่ໍ՘ࡧདྷఁيȄΚૢࢉٲ௒ ࿾ઢۊԣ׸ȂҢ୞఼ᡘȂᄈՍดޑ܂܂ձᔤ΢ϾޠඣቹȂ ૗ᎍᔗڌ่ޠ௦ڨ૗ΩȄ7 ่ၘ࢑ڌ่НᏱޠ२्ᡞນȂ࢑ΚᆎڏԥᐩࠕГདྷՔீޠ ຏᄻࢉٲȂӼ௵ңၔ஼ȃᔤ΢ȃຬኊ๊ߓ౫Кݳџጢᙒۊ ౵ޠ௒࿾ȄГདྷ࢑่ၘޠஆҐ੬ኊȂη࢑่ၘЇ࢏Ңࣁޠ ੬ੇ᛻೛КࢳȄ่ၘл्ඣᛳຏᔤޠٲޑڸძࣩȂя౫ܼ ڐϜޠȶ΢ޑȷٯߩ઎ԥޠ୆དྷםຬȂܛᗀख़ޠࢉٲȂη ࢑ϛѠ૗ึҢޠȄկ࢑่ၘϜޠᆎᆎГདྷȂഎෛ਴ܼ౫ 5 _{ဩࢺҢȂȲ࿌хݢ߱ϊᇴޠԚ΢่ၘзࣩȈഇຝѳΫԒٿѯᢋݢ഻߱ձޠึ৥ᇅࢻ} ᡑȳȂȮ ࢻ՘ЉίȈѯᢋ࿌х೾ߺНᏱ ፤ȯȞѯіȈਣൣНϾяޏ ϵѨȂ1992ȟȂॳ 195-236Ȅ 6 ȶ่ၘȷΚມȂ঩࢑௄СҐ಻ٿޠңᇮȂȶހࡿܛԥ஠ٽߨЎԒᎨ᠟ޠձࠣȂєࢃϊ ᇴȃઢၘȃ൴ّࢉٲȃڌᅉȃᖽᇮ๊ȷȞቔ઎ഋȮ௄่ၘѓ૗Մࢦߝஸݢ߱ϊᇴޠఅ ٲ੬ՔȯȂॳ 8ȟȂτܱՍ 1909 Ԓ৙ྕঔлጢ୧ଡ଼ӠਫᓣޠȮ่ၘȯᘏёࡤȂϘഃᅛ ໡࣐ۗ୾΢ܛኅހٻңȂٯйпԫມᄈណዊࢹޠȶfariy taleȷܗȶmärchenȷȄ೼ڎঐ ມཋܛ஽።ޠ঩Ґ࢑ழԥ៴ݳܗᐩࠕઢۊՔீޠҖ໣ࢉٲȂٯߩ஠឵ܼڌ่ޠȄկ ҦܼϜНᇮཋϜޠȶ่ȷޠཏోӼࡿڌ่Ȃӱԫ୾ϲᏱ޲Ӷٻңȶ่ၘȷΚມਣȂ ൸੬ր஽።ڐᇅڌ่ޠᜱ߾ȂႀԚ࣐ڌ่НᏱϜ२्ޠጓᛠϟΚȄቔ઎ഋпȶߨЎ ԒȷۢဏȂծоႇހȂ౪࿌ӕί७ڐԒឮȂпಓӬȶ่ȷԆȇկҐНϛᔤձȶ่ၘȷ ྜࢻޠ௥ଇȂࢉܼۢဏαѬڦΚૢ඾ႈޠᇴݳȂചҔݾޠȮ่ၘቹձःفȯȞѯіȈ ϥࠓяޏަȂ1990ȟಒΚതȂ෇ၐӗΫ՞ःف޲ᄈ่ܼၘܛίޠۢဏȂѠп୥ࣽȄ 7 ُৈ܃ၼлጢȂȮ᜞੖ȯȞѯіȈݎ๽ਫ׌Ȃ1992ȟȂॳ 3552Ȅ

ᄃȂ࢑ҢࣁޠΚᆎ׸ӏȄ่ၘ഻ձΚૢၽңၔ஼ڸᔤ΢Ͼ КݳȂٯᒴඊΚۢޠٲ౪ᡓᒯџ৥໡ᚕۊޠ௒࿾ȂആԚᐩ ੩ޠГདྷ੊ݦпІົ຺ਣޫښङȂҼຏҼᄃȂծГบ઎ޠ ძࣩȄԫѵȂѻηளள௵ңຬኊКݳ༮ആГདྷםຬпኈ ৣȃ྆ࢃ౫ᄃϜޠ΢ςᜱ߾Ȅ8 ஆҐαȂשউѠп௄೼ڎҐ᜞ਫޠۢဏϜࣽяȂȶ่ၘȷԥпίޠ ංঐ्ષȈȞ1ȟ่ၘ೪ۢޠ᠟޲ᄈຬȞwhomȟ࢑ڌ่ȇȞ2ȟ่ၘ഻ձ ޠҭޠȞwhyȟȂ࢑࣐Πఁيڌ่ȇȞ3ȟ่ၘޠ഻ձ๋౲ȞhowȟӼ௵ң ၔ஼ȃᔤ΢ȃຬኊ๊ঔ᜞КݳȇȞ4ȟ่ၘޠϲৡȞwhatȟ࢑ڏԥᐩࠕГ དྷՔீޠຏᄻȃۊ౵ޠࢉٲȄ೼ѳঐ्ષȂ֊่ၘःف޲ചҔݾܛᇴޠ ȶڌ่ȃࢉٲȃГདྷȃ፹کȷȂሴ૗྆ࢃя่ၘޠ੬ᘉȂη܂܂Ԛ่࣐ ၘ഻ձ޲ᒴඊޠྦࠍȂᙐՅّϟȂȶ่ၘ࢑஠࣐ڌ่ጢቹȂп፹ک࣐лޠ ГདྷࢉٲȷȄ9 ӶԫȂڌ่ณᅹ࣐ᐍঐ่ၘ഻ձϜഷ२्ޠᕘ࿾ȄҦܼڌ่෉Ȟ3-12 ྒȟ10໣ޠࡇ่ԫਣҔഃؐึ৥ՍשཏᜌȂᇰޤ૗Ω݃ᡘණାȂ௒དึ ৥ηᅛᗎܼᛨۢȂҔ࢑ᄃࢋఁيഷٺޠਣᐡȂӱԫηഷ࣐ఁيᏱ޲ܛ२ ຝȂ௄Յึ৥яᆎᆎԥᜱڌ่ޠఁي౪፤Ȅ൸೼ΚᘉٿᇴȂ่ၘҼณᅹ Ѡຝ࣐ᄈڌ่ȶໍ՘ࡧདྷఁيȷޠւᏣȄ࣐ΠщϸႁԚఁيޠѓ૗ȂՍ ໹Մ໕ژڌ่ޠ௦ڨ૗ΩІཏ᜺ȂՅ௵ڦԥਞޠНԆ๋౲ȄԫΚਣ෉ޠ ࡇ่ȂЗහบґᑹܼԚዤȂಓဵၽңІࡧᒲ૗Ωϛ٘Ȃࢉ҇໹пழԥ౐ ᐩ፹کܓޠࢉٲȂၽңᔤ΢ȃၔ஼ޠКݳȂᐮึڌ่ᙵ൳ޠདྷ჌ΩȂٯ ପӬ຀ᙐዔȃࢻᄲޠНԆȂࣦՎҢ୞ȃࣁዒޠშ჌Ȃᡲڌ่௦ાȃൊནȂ ٯᙥԫם༮яΚঐᙐ൑ȃजᝌȃ౪དྷޠзࣩȄ կ࢑ȂӶԫԥΚঐߩள२्ޠٲᄃȂ٦൸࢑Ȃ่ၘᗷ࢑஠ߟ࣐ڌ่ ܛቹޠȂࠔ࢑ҦԚ΢உ์ȞwhoȟȂณ፤࢑ȶໍ՘ࡧདྷఁيȷȂܗ࢑Ԅ่ 8 खӏᆇጢᒯȂȮڌ่НᏱ᜞ڑȯȞԚഎȈѳώЎԒڌ่яޏަȂ1991ȟȄ 9 ُചҔݾȂȮ่ၘቹձःفȯȞѯіȈϥࠓяޏަȂ1990ȟȂॳ 6-7Ȅ 10 З౪Ᏹαԥᜱڌ่෉ޠࣩۢȂԥөᆎϛᅿࣻӤޠᇴݳȂ਴ᐄτӼ኶З౪Ᏹঢ়ޠཏُȂ ੮ဏޠڌ่෉࢑ 0-12 ྒȂኅဏޠڌ่෉࢑ 0-18 ྒȄ์޲п࣐Ȃ0-2 ྒ࣐ᔊڌ෉Ȃڌ ่෉߾ࡿϮܼᔊڌ෉ϟࡤȂΚޣژߨࢍ෉೼Κࢳ෉໣ՅّȂέϸ࣐ڌ่ԟ෉Ȟ2-6 ྒȟ ڸڌ่ఐ෉Ȟ6-12ȃ13 ྒȟڎ໧ࢳȄᜱܼڐึ৥І੬ኊȂѠ୥ՄᄒቄԲ๊ጢណȂȮఁ يЗ౪ᏱȯȞѯіȈЗ౪яޏަȂ1991ȟȄ

ၘःف޲ܛᇴޠȂ่ၘޠлԠȶӶܼЖᏳڌ่ޠᢏ܉ȃࡧདྷȃད௒ȃཏ ע་Ӫܼ઎ȃ๢ȃजޠึ৥……Ȃٻڌ่ڏ዆ᢏໍڦȃջ݉֩ᜳޠ௒ᐈȂ ٯ૗݉ଡ଼у΢Ȃ࡛Ҵၿ኉ཏᜌȂஊᎵၿ኉ᢏ܉ȃᓻज௒ᐈȃࠎඹᆡઢȃା ۧע፹ȷ11Ȃഎ࢑пԚ΢ޠِ࡚ȂӍშഇႇ่ၘ஡ҔӶԚߞϜޠڌ่Ȃ ዂ༮࣐Ԛ΢ЗҭϜᇰѠޠȶґٿԚ΢ȷȄӶ่ၘϜܛഇᡘяޠȂ࢑Ԛ΢ ᄈڌ่ޠ෉೩ȃણ᜺ȂՅӤਣη࢑೤ۢᇅ४ښȄඳѰၘᇴȂ่ၘ࢑Ԛ΢ ᒒКጢᙒޠΚঐჳГзࣩȂՔீ᝷ીȂ፹کઌดȂजԂՅಉڸȂڐϜϛ ༊ݨΤΠԚ΢ᄈڌ่ᜱནȃߴៗޠЗཏȂη๊Ԅ࢑Κঐ҂ᛨȃڸᒚȃज ᝌޠԋ዆໑ȂഀᇰఽȃზॿΠ෥መȃፓᚖޠަཽ౫ᄃޠԚ΢ȂഎѠпଞ ࠔՎ೼ΚзࣩȂпӲکޠРԓኸਣᕖூӅ᏷Ȅ೼ঐзࣩ࢑Ԅԫޠಉڸȃ जᝌȃԋ዆ȂӱԫȂΚϹᇅԫࣻЇޠኹΩȃᗡඍȃඎशȂഎ҇໹ඵతܗ సϾȂη๙ϛৡ೩୥ᚖԥ๜రѠ૗ખᚾԫΚзࣩᛨۢޒᄙޠӱφ˕˕่ ၘ࣐ڌ่໡Π೩ӼਊЗ᡺ޠๆφȂկҘሊԥΚਊๆ࢑ᆨഗ౐௬ޠȇӱ࣐ ഇႇ೼ਊๆȂҔѠпᑜُژԚ΢ޠзࣩȄؑΚঐਣхȂԚ΢ܛߴ੽ޠๆ φഎөԥϛӤȂՅйȂᐍঐึ৥ᗎ༗࢑ഗᚈޠๆφ຺ٿ຺Ӽȃ຺ٿ຺τȄ ೼ᘉȂשউ௄СҐձঢ়ਾҢᐈܛȶᗚ঩ȷޠȮц΢᏾ཙޠੀݔ่ၘȯ ϜȂѠпึ౫ژȄߒޏޠȮੀݔ่ၘȯȞ1812ȟᇅࡤٿಒΝޏޠۢҐ Ȟ1857ȟȂڐ໣ԥ྄τޠৰ౵˕˕ߒޏϛ༊࢑ȶҕᒒ܉๞υڌ᠚ਣȂཽϛ Ҧூ಩ཝᖜकޠࢉٲ໲ȷȂՅйڐ໣ᗚԥ೩ӼȶഷЖ΢ލឋޠܓһȃᛅѺȃ ߗᒒࣻԀȞࡹȈ࿌ձȶࡄȷȟ๊௒࿾ȷȄ12ۢҐᗷดϑစڿۢίٿȂԚ࣐з ࣩө୾ᙛណܛٸᐄޠޏҐȂկ࢑ԄϲৡщᅗΠ෥መయ΢ȃॶ΢Չ௒࿾ޠ Ȳ؈ݙᐚȳȂӼ኶ೞփȇՅसϔਗ਼Іژȶڌ่ϛۤȷޠഌϸ௒࿾ȞԄȲҪ ഢϵлȳϜᡲࣝࢴޠࣳӮएαᐴᐼ២ᎯၱᇇՅԬȟȂηഎᅿ௒փঔȞՎ 11_{ُࢋள߇ȂȲ่ၘӶЗ౪ఁيህᏳαޠᔗңȳȂȮᇰᜌ่ၘȯȞѯіȈЉፐНϾяޏϵ} ѨȂ1998ȟȂॳ 195Ȅ 12_{ُਾҢᐈȂȲц΢᏾ཙޠੀݔ่ၘȆזȳȂȮц΢᏾ཙޠੀݔ่ၘȯȞѯіȈᄰࠣНϾ} ϵѨȂ2002ȟȄԫਫܛȶᗚ঩ȷޠϲৡȂᄃርαሴӼՍשޠདྷ჌Ȃґ҇ѠᐄȂկࠔ࡟ Ѡпᙥԫᢏᄇձঢ়Ӷ׾ቹȞܗঔॐȟ่ၘਣȂঐ΢ޠлᢏཏᜌ࢑Ԅեޠ؛ۢΠڐܛ ቹޠϲৡȄٲᄃαȂਾҢᐈयΩܼࡈ༉ޠȮੀݔ่ၘȯөޏҐ໣ޠৰ౵Ȃηٯߩᑀ ഻ȂMaria Tatar ӶȮThe Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales ȯȞ Princeton, 1987ȟ Ϝ൸ϑစࡿяΠ೼ᘉȄԥᜱȮੀݔ่ၘȯөޏҐ໣ޠৰ౵Ȃ፤޲ሴӼȂѯݎτᏱڌ ่НᏱܛеН࣢ޠᆉς፤НȮੀݔ่ၘϜޠυܓِՔ౫ຬȯȞ2004ȟԥࣻ࿌ၐಡޠЩ ၷȂѠп୥ࣽȄ

ЎϜНޏءԥȟȄпԫѠُȂفഥ঻ٳϲৡϘ࢑ᎍӬڌ่Ꭸ᠟ޠȂ܂܂ ӱਣхȃӵ஀ȃ୾௒ޠϛӤȂՅԥϛӤޠᇰۢȄٲᄃαȂשউԄݏп࿌ ࠊޠᢏᘉџᔯຝȮੀݔ่ၘȯȂਫϜܛщҍޠτ໕ᗡϾȃ־៴ϾޠࡤҕȂ Ӷҭࠊᚕகȃӕக౦㗭ାޠަཽϜȂ༗ཽ҇ᄈ೩Ӽڌ่ޠЗ౪ԥ྄ڐ॓ ८ኈ៫Ȃ೼৽ܑηಥ஡Ԛ࣐Κਊȶ࿲ๆȷȂᝓ࿲ڌ่ᑜժȄᓎ຀ڌ่З ౪Ᏹޠϛᘟໍ৥Ȃ೼᜹ޠ࿲ๆȂณᅹ஡СᅛቩӼȄ ณ፤೼ٳ࿲ๆСࡤѠ૗ཽቩߞژեᆎโ࡚Ȃܗ޲ๆαޠᓐ߇ȃ೤ ښȂѠ૗ԥեᆎޠᡑϾȂѻউޠ੬ᘉӶȈ௄೼ٳๆφϜగяџȂܛѠُ ژޠഎ࢑෥መȃፓᚖޠԚ΢зࣩϜޠளᄙȄשউஆܼߴៗڌ่ޠЗ౪Ȃ ϛ᜺уউႇԟڨژԚ΢ަཽޠԵ࢘ȂӱԫდяΚঐณॴณߧȃ໩ӏᘁ ᝌȃ߇૪᝷ીȃ፹کᐘҢޠȶчძȷȂቺቺᇦៗȂᡲڌ่ூп҂ԋȃ᠎ ዆ޠௌၾӶ೼ঐзࣩϜȄ ᄈڌ่ٿᇴȂ೼ᡘด࢑ԥȶઊȷޠȂ౴ഥȂᏒᆔѠ૗௱ᒷΠуউᇰ ᜌ઎Ҕަཽ౫ᄃޠਣ໣Ȃկуউᖃཽԥ८ᄈޠΚЉȇեݸӶ೼ࢳ௱ᒷޠ ਣ໣၈ȂѠпᙥ่ၘஊᎵуউґٿᔗᄈަཽޠᆎᆎஆᙄᇅ૗ΩȂԄ Lewis Carroll ޠȮནᝌ๜ჳၾчძȯ13 Ȟ1865ȟᙥ Alice ޠჳГϟਢȂ஡ᡓᒯȃ З౪ᏱȃলᏱȃНᏱȞᖽᇮȟ๊ஆҐளᜌȂԥ፹ՅҢ୞ޠ৥౫Ӷᐍঐࢉ ٲϜȂณᅹᄈڌ่ԥ዗ಌᓷϾޠѓਞȄϛႇȂᄈ഻ձ޲ՅّȂณ፤Ӷᚡ ؆ޠᒶᐆȃϲৡޠڦ௼ȂܗКݳޠၽңαȂഎᜳռ࢑ᆎณםޠङښȂՅ Ӷ࢛ᆎโ࡚α⮫།Π഻ձޠлᡞܓȄੀݔъכΚՅӕȂӕՅΝޠঔ׾ࢉ ٲϲৡȂᗷٻூȮੀݔ่ၘȯ຺ٿ຺ᎍӬڌ่Ꭸ᠟Ȃկ഻ۗਣԥཏᙥԫ ৥ұޠᄈ࿌ਣަཽ౫ຬІښ࡚ޠᒟڗᇅ״ցȂηᓎϟՅװᙾܗ੒ѷȄ

13_{Lewis Carroll ࢑ Charles Lutwidge DodgsonȞ1832ʂ1898ȟޠ์ӫȂу࢑Κঐ኶Ᏹঢ়Ȃ}

ᄈᖽᇮȃऽННԆၾᔜȃทᔜȃۊ੬ޠၒ๊ԥߩளᐩࠕޠᑺ፹ȂȮནᝌ๜ჳၾчძȯ ȞAlice's Adventures in WonderlandȟȄᇅȮᜣϜଅȯȞThrough the Looking GlassȂ1872ȟ ࢑у࣐݊Ѕޠڎঐυڌܛᗀޠࢉٲጢ᝹ՅԚޠȂ஡ᡓᒯȃ኶ᏱȃԆᖽ๊ѾֽՅԥ፹ ޠᒋཽܼࢉٲϜȂࢌԥདྷ჌ޠۊ፹ȂέԥහܓޠስਃȄࣻᜱޠϮಞȂѠ୥ࣽ൑ᆱᄕ ޠȲКဆϜޠԈۥ˕˕ၰܿලȆћࣅޠ഻ཏȳȂԞᓄܼȮऌ඾ᅌᗀ໲ȯȞѯіȈᒦᓟ ᢂяޏަȂ2007ȟȂॳ 123-140Ȅ

ΡȃԚ΢ᇅ่ၘ

ӶԚ΢ޠᇮཋϜȂȶ่ၘȷ࢑ԥᚗ२ᇮဏޠȂΚР८ȂѻхߓΠΚ ঐӶٖφϟЗСഃܺѷίȂ௄ԫϛѠଢ൷ޠઢֽՅजᝌޠзࣩȂ೼ঐз ࣩ܂܂ཽԚ࣐Ӷަཽ౫ᄃ၈റლտཹٛሗȃፑኢூႈᡞᡡ།ޠԚԒ΢Ȃ དྷ჌ȃଢ܉ܗӅ᏷ޠΚঐᗘપϟӵȄկѫΚР८Ȃѻࠍ࢑ঐϛϹᄃርȃ ϛཽԚ઎ȂࣦՎϛڏཏဏޠຏӿȃГདྷзࣩȄӶ่ၘзࣩ၈Ȃеφᇅϵ л๗கȂ൸࢑ഷಥޠץ዆๗׌ȇѠӶԚ΢зࣩ၈Ȃеφᇅϵл๗கȂࠔ ྄Ѡ૗࢑ঐඎᄟޠ໡ۗȄӶ่ၘзࣩ၈Ȃڔश޲ȃ஁ው޲ȃ๢ً޲Ȃഷ ಥഎԥ׈जޠ๗׌ȇѠӶԚ΢зࣩϜȂ܂܂ࠔ࢑ਜ਼๽޲ȃᐡ຦޲ȃ٤ඍ ޲ȂାᎂӶԚѓޠ᝙৵αᕕ઱຀ȄѨ଼᎑ད඘Ȉ सՎߗзȂᐈ՘ϛक़Ȃ஠ҜסᒗȂՅಥٙ໌዆Ȃ൳ࠕತз ϛ๙ȄܗᐆӵՅᗑϟȂȶਣดࡤяّȷȂȶ՘ϛҦ৸ȷȂߩϵ ҔϛึኛȂՅႅᆍد޲ȂϛѠാ኶ηȊնࣦඌౚȄ᠃ܛᒞ ȶЉၿȷȂ࢑٤ߩ٤ȉ14 ่ၘзࣩ࢑ٸඊ຀ၿ኉೤ࡢึ৥ޠȂѠԚԒ΢፣ᗚ઎Ҕޠࣻ߭೼Κ৉ȉ ่ၘзࣩϜޠΚϹजԂȂШᄀഎ࢑ઢၘȊ ᏒᆔԄԫȂԚԒ΢ᗚ࢑ཽȶוగȷ઎ޠԥ೼ኻφޠઢၘޠȂӶ೼ঐ ઢၘޠ୾࡚ϜȂԚԒ΢Ӷަཽαܛ᎐ڨޠ഻།ᇅਚ׸ȃฯशᇅඎ࠘Ȃூ п࡝҂ȃ੒၍ȇӶަཽαณ೏ࡈ࣊ޠ᢯๗ڸशඏȂӶԫѠпึ׶ȇӶަ ཽαґ૗ႁԚޠ᜺గȂӶԫѠп໸ւ׈ԚȄϛӤܼኂώҪ؇ܛ஽።ޠձ ޲ϟशඏȂ೼ঐзࣩ؂ᡘ౫Πȶ᠟޲ޠशඏȷȄԚԒ΢ཽӶᐤᅿྨ਻ϟ ࡤȂᅗᛅଢ܉ޠጠདྷ٦෇စழ๞уউ҂ᓘᇅ᠎዆ޠ่ၘзࣩȇկуউη ౐ϹΠ၍Ȃ೼ኻޠзࣩ౴ഥᇅ౫ᄃ຾ᚕЋሎሊΠȂ֊߰ୌᅮȃኸਣѠп ႋଡܼڐ໣Ȃಥفᗚ࢑ூၱ಴яٿȂ२ུӲژ౫ᄃзࣩཪᔟȃᏮିΚอȄ ໍяϟርȂ่ၘзࣩଷΠᡲуউറђདᛅȃᒹᏻѵȂٯϛ૗ණٽуউܛ ሰ्ޠኮኒܗᅗ٘Ȅӱ࣐Ȃ٦ΚঐϑစംџޠሎሊзࣩȂ࢑Ҧуউޠ৲ ߞᎇڔཏ࡛ᄻяٿޠȂуউҐٙٯґ୥ᇅ࡛ᄻȂՍดᜳпᅗ٘уউޠሰ ؒȄуউሰ्഻ആѫΚঐзࣩȂ೼ঐзࣩڸ่ၘзࣩΚኻजԂȂࠔ࢑Ԛ Ԓ΢ޠзࣩȂڐϜԥԚԒ΢ޠན࡮௒ϫȃฯशᑒᜳȃඎ࠘ݡൊȃፑऐҮ 14 ُȪᅖȫѨ଼᎑ȂȲճӽӗ༉ȳȂȮѭଅȯȞѯіȈ᛻НӠਫᓣȂ1958ȟڣ 61Ȃॳ 852Ȅ

ࣾȂෛஆܼ౫ᄃȃዂᔤܼ౫ᄃȂࠔέᇅ౫ᄃޠٗӪ׈ӓϛӤȄ؂२्ޠ ࢑Ȃณ፤೼ঐзࣩ࢑Ҧ፣ٿ഻ആޠȂܗ഻ആяࡪኻຏᄻޠ΢ޑȂԚԒ΢ എѠпӶڐ໣ึ౫ՍϐȃُࣽՍϐȂٯᄃር୥ᇅڐ໣ޠΚϹ՘୞˕˕೼ ൸࢑ȶԚ΢ޠ่ၘзࣩȷȄ Ԛ΢ޠ่ၘзࣩ࢑Κঐ໡ܺޠзࣩȂءԥߟЙȂءԥๆπȂ؂ءԥ ᝓੀޠ೤ۢᇅ४ښȄ௄ӉեΚঐِ࡚џࣽ೼ঐзࣩȂഎѠпُࣽߋߋಁ Ңзࣩޠ፞ૢ८ࣻȂᏒᆔߋߋಁҢзࣩϜռϛΠԥ೩Ӽᗡ५ȃಘኹȃ٤ ቊޠΚ८ȂկഎѠп஡ϟᙾϾ࣐जԂޠ๗׌ȇ֊߰ϛϡпᙾϾȂηѠп ᄈԫࢋђᝓቘޠ״ցܗᒟڗȂп׶࣊ԚԒ΢ޠϛᅗᇅኛࡦȄ ڌ่ໍΤ่ၘзࣩȂ࢑Ӷࣽ΢ߓᅌȂࣽΚࢳΚࢳԥ፹ޠࢉٲ၈ޠ΢ ޑཀྵᅌ឵ܼуউޠ༉ۊȂดࡤᡚ၎ȃတ኏ȃད୞ȃንኙ೼Κзࣩழ๞у উޠൊ዆ᇅ᠎ᄲȄԚԒ΢ࠍ࢑ՍϐໍΤژࢉٲϜ՜ᅌөᆎѠ૗ϛӤޠِ ՔȂࢉٲϛ༊ԥ፹ȂՅйѠп؂ԣ׸ᚕۊȃᡑϾӼᆓȂ൸Ԅ΢Ң၈ାմ କӆȃඎൊһᚖޠძႅȄ೼ঐзࣩϛ֚҇ຨȃఁᏳԚ΢Ϩቅኻޠၿ౪Ȃ Յ࢑ᡲԚ΢өՍџᡞཽȃџདਃȂดࡤՍϐџዂ༮ΚঐՍᇰ࣐౪དྷޠ΢ ੀڑ࠯ܗ΢ҢҭዀȄ೼ঐзࣩӶ౫ᄃϜ࢑ณݳ൷ᕖޠȂѬԇӶདྷ჌ޠ୾ ࡚ϜȂѬ्޼Ⴜᗿདྷ჌Ȃ௹໡චॳȂΚ՘՘ޠНԆ൸ѠпЖስԚ΢ޠ᡺ ቁໍΤȃٯໍ՘Κഀ՜ޠࠄᓏȂՅӶࠄᓏ׈ԚࡤȂЗᅗཏ٘ޠӲژ౫ᄃ зࣩȄ ԫҔ஼ዙȮࡘჳኈȯܛᒞȶ૔Ϝϊϛ҂ȂѠп଩੒ϟȇз໣τϛ҂Ȃ ߩቕϛ૗੒ηȷȄԚ΢η࢑ሰ्่ၘޠȂݢ߱ϊᇴ൸Ӷ೼ঐሰ्Ϝᔗၽ ՅҢȂණٽΠΚঐདྷ჌ޠȃຏᄻޠȃԥ፹ޠȃ౪དྷޠȂՅй࢑ҦԚ΢Ս ϐ഻ആޠȶԚ΢่ၘȷȄ

ήȃٸуޠȶםຬȷ˕˕ݢ߱зࣩޠ࡛ᄻ

Ӷ՚Рஆ࿝ఁޠ༉ᇴϜȂαࡕ഻ആٴ࿌Ȃ࢑ȶٸ᳔ޠםຬȷՅ׈Ԛ ޠȂݢ߱ϊᇴޠзࣩȂஆҐαη࢑ٸԫՅ഻ആޠȄӶԫȂשᙥңȶםຬȷ ϸࡿȈȞ1ȟԚ΢םᡞܛҢԇޠޫ໣Ȟ፮םȟȇȞ2ȟԚ΢ϲЗޠདྷగȞЗຬȟȄ Ԛ΢ޠҢࣁޫ໣Ȃณᅹ൸࢑౫ᄃަཽȄݢ߱ϊᇴϜ΢ޑࣁ୞ޠൠ ஀ȂשউΚૢᆏϟ࣐ȶݢݔȷܗȶԱ෺зࣩȷȄณ፤࢑ȶݢݔȷܗ࢑ȶԱ ෺зࣩȷȂஆҐαഎ࢑пȶຏᄻȷޠРԓᄻᑟՅԚޠȄԫΚȶຏᄻȷȂ࢝

೪Ӷ঩ԥޠȃᄃԇޠȶԱ෺ȷ15ϟαȂՅйϛᘟၑშᘘ஼ȶԱ෺ȷޠስ ஀Ȃోા঩Ґᚕ໌ܼԫΚስ஀ޠڐуަཽቺ८Ȃ♬ᅛዂ༮ԚΚঐณܛϛ єȃՍԚੀ׌ޠϊ࠯ަཽȄڐᘘ஼ޠРԓȂഷᡘՅُܿޠ൸࢑ȶ΢ޑޠ ϮΤȷȄԱ෺ϜȂ঩൸ԇӶ຀೩Ӽשউဵᆏ࣐߱ࡋޠ΢ޑȂ16೼ٳ߱ࡋȂ ՍԚΚੀȂ᐀ԥуউढ़౵ܼڐуަཽቺ઼΢ޑޠ੬Քȇկ࢑ȂӶݢ߱ϊ ᇴϜȂτ໕ޠѵٿ΢ޑϮΤڐ໣ȂԄН΢ަཽϜޠਫҢȃۣӣȃ჊էȇ ۡఁަཽϜޠჅ΢ȃѼۓȃၿςȇၼ؇ަཽޠᅤЊȃᐠφȃၼ΢ȇ୧ཿ ަཽϜޠ୧ၧȃςಢȇڐуԄθϚȃׁυȃڌ่๊ȄѠпᇴȂήఁΟࢻ ޠ΢ޑȂࣲѠп཯ٙΚᡑȂђΤ߱ࡋޠзࣩȂԚ࣐ၿӵޠ߱ࡋȄ؂२् ޠ࢑ȂήఁΟࢻȂηөՍឺٿΠ঩឵ަཽޠ፵ܓȂщᄃՅᙵ൳Πᙠԥޠ ȶԱ෺ȷȄ ԄԫޠᘘщȂᇅȮЬ⦦༉ȯ௄ 36 Љ⁞ޠлᡞȂђΤ 72 ӵྸȂܦ৥ Ԛ 108 ఩Ԃᅖޠੀ׌ȂңཏࣻמȂկ೤ዂሊᖟȂࠍέႇϟȂ17ഷτޠձ ңȂӶܼѐᡘяȶԱ෺зࣩȷՍ٘Յ׈ᅗޠੀ׌ȄᙐՅّϟȂȶԱ෺ȷ Ԛ࣐౫ᄃзࣩޠᕼኈȂӉեӶ౫ᄃަཽϜѠпԥޠ΢ޑȃѠ૗ึҢޠٲ ӈȂࣲѠпӶȶԱ෺ȷϜፓᇨȃӕ౫ȄᄃርαȂ೼η࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴூпో ឹಁᡞȞ֊єోّ௒ȃᐤѭȃ୏௥๊ᚡ؆ȟޠΚτᜱᗥȄ ณ፤ݢ߱ϊᇴձঢ়࢑пົᚕȃᄃቹܗᗵൖޠРԓџ࡛ᄻ೼ঐȶԱ෺ зࣩȷޠ౫ᄃަཽȂ18ᖃ࢑уউҴ٘ޠஆᘉȂуউޠݡൊඎነȃਚ׸ᑒ ᜳȃንኙདྷగȂഎٿՍܼ೼ঐަཽȂй਷਷ดȃ㛠㛠ดޠԄᄃӶڐ໣ȶҢ ࣁȷ຀ȄկȶҢࣁȷϛ๊ܼȶҢԇȷȂҢࣁѠ૗҂ԋ໸ႀȂѠ૗ାմକ ӆȂѠ૗ѓԚӫ൸ȂѠ૗ᖑᆹᓷᓷȂ܂܂ᓎ຀ѵӶޠȶძႅȷȞᕘძᇅ ርႅȟՅਜ਼ਜ਼ؗؗȂঐ΢ณݳձлȇՅҢԇࠍ҇໹ԥҭዀȃԥРӪȂԥ 15_{ԥᜱȶԱ෺ȷཏోޠᙾᡑІᘘτȂ୥ُݔߴవȲ෭߱Ա෺˕˕ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶԱ෺з} ࣩȷȳȞȮసԱϜНᏱൣȯಒ 8 ෉Ȃ2003 Ԓ 7 УȟΚНȂ 16_{ӶᐤѭαȂ෇ೞᆏ࣐ȶ߱ȷޠ΢ޑȂٙϸሼᚖȂαՍࡕе஡ࣻȂίՎٗڞ೰ЊȂࣲ} Ѡӫȶ߱ȷȇկ࢑ȂӶȶԱ෺ȷ೼ঐ੬ੇޠስ஀ϜȂٙϸޠੇ౵ܓ܂܂Ӷȶ߱ȷϟί ೞܱ੒ȂՅ໲Ϝᡞ౫Π஠឵ܼȶ߱ȷޠᑀ੬ܓੀȄ 17 ஆҐαȂȮЬ⦦༉ȯϟ༮ആఘύށȂሴԥཏ஡ڐ࡛ᄻԚΚȶՍ٘ޠзࣩȷȂկԫзࣩȂ пȶॗٲყᡞȷ࣐ᙣშȂဒКਫҢᒄᡲȃઢᚃԋၿӓȃҞᖘӟߝτ஁๊Ȃᗷ࢑ಯറ ΚੀȂٲၭณ٘ሇ२ȂկॗϜНਫᔤ૪ȃॗς੾੿ᚃᕜȃᏣఢᇨആϟٲȂܼॗყϜ ґѠܗુȂࢉӶఘύށޠᡞښϜȂϬќԥΚৱϟӵȄ 18 ୥ُݔߴవȂȲ෭߱Ա෺˕˕ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶԱ෺зࣩȷȳȂॳ 49-66Ȅ

ڐཏဏᇅቌঅȂѠົ಴ѵӶȶძႅȷޠङ४Ȃ࣐Սש౪དྷϜޠҢࣁձԋ ௷ȃ೤დᇅདྷగȄѵӶޠޠᕘძґ҇ѠࡱȂ؂ґ҇Ӭ౪ȇঐ΢ޠርႅȂ ዓঈဤܦᖃӼႇܼॵ༂ឣႁȄҢࣁϜ܂܂ԥ೩Ӽґ૗ᅿඑ΢ཏȂՅέߩ ՍлѠп׾ᡑޠᒹᏻȂשউሰ्ΚঐзࣩȂѠпᔕ၅೼ኻޠુᏻȂ౫ᄃ ަཽณݳණٽȂשউϛֺՍϐ഻ആȄܼ࢑Ȃഞే݃೪དྷяঐȶعυՙ຀ ோԄѵ΢ȷޠзࣩȂȶϛ҇ԥᅖȂณ፤ᚮਤȷȂዀұΚঐѠпٽ༅ᚕᅕށ ޠЗ᡺ȶܒดՍ዆ȷޠȶੁ߇ྜȷȇ࿌хޠԚ΢ࠍຏᄻΚঐዂᔤܼ౫ᄃ ޠзࣩȂණٽΚঐѠᡲӶ౫ᄃϜઁᏸޠȃڨ഻ޠȃೞङ४ޠЗ᡺Ȃᅗ٘ དྷగȃ൷׳ژҢԇཏဏޠԱ෺зࣩȄ Ӷ೼ঐຏᄻޠзࣩϜȂуউߴ੽Π౫ᄃзࣩϜजԂޠΚ८ȂতଷΠ ٘пആԚҢࣁ॓८ኈ៫ޠѫΚ८ȂпᙐϾȃ৶Ͼȃ౪དྷϾޠРԓȂпѡ х࣐नෂȂ஛൴ΠуউޠདྷగȄ ȞΚȟᙐϾΠޠަཽ૖๝ שউᆏȶԱ෺зࣩȷ࢑ȶຏᄻȷޠȂл्Ӷ஽።೼ٳϮΤޠ΢ޑȂ ᗷดឺٿसϔ౫ᄃަཽޠԚϸȂᙵ൳Π঩ԥޠ࢝ᄻȂկٯґӓด஡ڐ໣ ፓᚖӼᡑޠ΢ርᆪ๝ΚڂਙΤȂЇՅစҦ঩ԥޠԱ෺ࣀᙅȂြᙾȃึ৥ ԚѫΚᆎུޠ૖๝Ȅ19п୧ၧՅّȂӶ౫ᄃަཽϜᄃርܜᐋ຀ަཽစᔽ ޠτӉȂ୧ཿ܂ٿޠᓝᖆᇅᅴ࿦ȃٛഽᇅฑ࿐ȂпІܛ౟ਗ਼ژޠᆎᆎԄ Ң౱ȃ᎜୶ȃഽၦȃ፮ใ๊ୱᚡȂؑΚঐᕘ࿾ȂഎѠᒞ૮ٲᡞτȇดՅȂ Ӷݢ߱ϊᇴϜȂܛԥп୧ၧםԓя౫ޠԱ෺΢ޑȂࣲࣦЎಡጞඣኡڐࣻ ᜱޠစᔽࣁ୞Ȃ؂ႉ፤ԫࣁ୞ܛਗ਼Іޠፓᚖ૖๝Ȅ೾ளȂձ޲ְп྆܉ ϾޠРԓȂײ्ѐᡘڐ࢛ᆎ੬ՔȂԄဵᆏȶ២ᆘዻȷޠȂଷΠݢᏣᇅᆘ ዻԥᜱѵȂܓੀӼљᆡಡ૗ཇȂ౐ᒘሊኍȇဝყԄჃȂ޴ᓟτՇޠ୧΢Ȃ η҇ดᇅΥ८࣢ᝨȃߞೠ๢ᇇȃ઱၈ᙡΧȃ࣐൳ϛϧ๊Ԛᇮ಴ϛΠᜱ߾ ˕˕೼࢑ӶϜ୾༉ಜϜ୧ၧц΢Ӡຬഷ౐ڔޠ੬ኊȄݢ߱ϊᇴڦڐ੬ ኊȂાΤԱ෺୽ϜȂϛկቩ఻Π΢ޑޠӼኻܓȞ༉ಜ߱ࡋӪٿϛ೴ଓȟȂ20 ؂࣐΢ޑᔠ៧Πึ৥ޠޫ໣˕˕୧΢࢑ᆧݔ༄ၿ΢ޑ୛સ཮օȃҪၿऽ 19 Ўഌϸڏԥȶቹᄃȷܗȶᄃቹȷॴੀޠձঢ়ȂԄᙠࣃݢ߱Ϝޠе࡚ᑌȃѯᢋུࣃݢ ߱ϟ໵Ϝ۱Ȃࣻᄈٿᇴ൸Щၷ૗ᜱྲژҀϣҢࣁαޠ֩ႴᇅֱہȄ 20 Ѩ଼᎑Ȯѭଅȅೳ෦ӗ༉ȯ෇ᒞ߱ࡋϟ౱ҢฆӼȂȶڐᄃࣲ࣐ଓңՇȷȇӶ౫ᄃзࣩ ϜȂณ፤঻ᆎ߱ࡋȂࣲय़Ϲሰ्စᔽၦྜȞ्ȶфဏᒰଓȷȂη्ȶԥଓѠᒰȷȟȇկ ࢑Ȃݢ߱ϊᇴٲᄃαࠔ܂܂п΢ޑᄈଓ൳ϟసดܗ೴஑Ȃୣրȶ߱ȷᇅȶߩ߱ȷȄ

໱фဏߴៗޠᄈຬȂ؂࢑уউ՘෭Ա෺ޠစᔽٿྜȞഀȮ઱༈Ա෺ȯϜ ޠцޖؠηϛூϛȶӊᒧȷܼҪদҫȟȄײ्ّϟȂݢ߱ϊᇴϜޠ୧΢Ȃ ࢑ೞȶᙐ൑ϾȷΠޠȂڐуޠ΢ޑȂηೄϛԄԫȄ ᙐϾΠޠަཽ૖๝ȂഷᡘՅُܿޠ࢑စᔽୱᚡȄӶ౫ᄃަཽϜȂစ ᔽୱᚡӪٿ࢑΢᜹Ңࣁഷτޠश඙ٿྜȂϊՍ໡ߟΝӈ਽Ծݷᢅᚄ᎘૰ ϟٲȂτژҴཿԚঢ়ȃ໡഻ࠊโȂณϛሰ्ԥ൳ࠕ஁ᄃޠစᔽМእȂՅ ࠔ୒୒࢑Ӽ኶΢ளདვнᇅϛ٘ȂࠔέณॏѠࢋޠȄݢ߱ϊᇴϜڿดሴ ຀Ωܼඣቹԥᜱစᔽαޠލჵȃ཮௡Ȃկԥ፹ޠ࢑Ȃᇅစᔽࣁ୞ᜱᖓၷ ӼޠȂτࣲܱ࣐஽ฺၥஙȃρᇻӜಢȃ༄ၿᔔཽϟࢻȂй܂܂ೞۢ՞Ӷ ཫڙᆺᔨȃ೴៙ݘݳȃ࣐൳ϛϧޠቺԪȂՅӼ኶ޠ߱ࡋ࢑׈ӓѠп๙ጣ ܗົ಴ܼစᔽࣁ୞ޠȄ෭՘Ա෺ȃߨौҪ଼ȂڴᑌേႩȃΚᘙ࿳ߝȂᙡ κୢڽȃфဏᒰଓȂӤ੊ഀݓȃЅһӤၿȂ௄ՙॶ՟՘ژي዆Ȃե೏ϛ ሰӊф൳ࠕစᔽΩޠМእȉѠ೼ٳȶϛٲҢ౱ȷޠ߱ࡋȂ௄ٿϛ҇ᐋЗ ೼ᘉȂѠп჌ᡑ៴೛ΚኻȂ௄ဗ໣ೠ၈ȂᡑҢяྜྜϛ๙ޠᓁ՜ȃማᒼȃ ੶Ҟȃ᝙໖ȂࣦՎ८᚟τژᔄ΢ޠማಊȊ ᙐϾΠޠԱ෺Ȃ࢑ءԥစᔽᔇΩޠԱ෺ȂՅ୳ԥົᚕစᔽȂϘ٘п ࡛ᐚѓӫ˕˕೼Ҕᇅ౫ᄃзࣩޠ೤ࡢਉЇȂࠔ࢑Ա෺зࣩޠӔӤᓷ࠷Ȅ ȞΡȟ৶ϾΠޠݳࡢ Ӷ౫ᄃзࣩϜȂݳࡢ࢑ᆱៗަཽࢌۢફזޠ२्᏶ᙥȂ௄ഷஆҐȶయ ΢޲ԬȂ།΢Іฺܱဍȷ21ޠήതङݳȂژࡤзӼԄгЪޠᆎᆎ೤ጓȃ ࡢцȃݳ఩Ȃ࡯࡯ݳᆪȂณܛϛӶȄᗷᄈঐ΢ϛռӼԥ४ښȂٲᄃαη ߴሬΠަཽᛨۢӪࠊึ৥ޠѠ૗ȄϛႇȂࡢݳීීȃ೤఩⑳⑳Ȃ࢑֐൸ ઎Ҕޠ٘пߴሬঐ΢Ңڽଓ౱ޠԋӓȉۓϛ፤࡯౶ݳᆪȂ֎Ւ୒ᅔȂᢤ ᖂᗑራ޲Ȃґ҇඾ႈཽڨژݳࡢޠښນȇՅஉݳ޲༗ԥ஽৶Ȃϵ᠍ΩҼ ґ҇૗஋ի஼ȇࣦՎȶ߯ϟߟϧဏԇȷ22ȃȶϑ៮ڐւ޲࣐ԥ኉ȷ23Ȃݳ ࡢޠښۢ޲؂ґ҇яܼϵЗ˕˕ݳࡢ࢑܂܂ԥਣՅጐޠȄӶ౫ᄃзࣩ ϜȂѾܼךݳȃޗݳ޲Ȃ೾ளխᐄΠԥւޠᝰލ՞ဋȂඊ೤ᗑઑޠԉݳ ޲ȂЇՅԥณ೏ի৥ȃႺڨᔇ׼ޠशඏȄԥءԥΚঐ೼ኻޠзࣩȂ૗ᘜ 21 ُȪᅖȫѨ଼᎑ȂȲᅖାડҐखȳȂȮѭଅȯȞѯіȈ᛻НӠਫᓣȂ1958ȟڣ 8Ȃॳ 169Ȅ 22_{ӤαພȂȲ෭߱ӗ༉ȳڣ 124Ȃॳ 1304Ȅ} 23 ӤαພȄ

಴౫ᄃુടᖆӼȃ܂܂ณᔽܼٲޠݳࡢȂࠔέѫԥΚ৉ݳࠍȂࢌѠпٻ ަཽڸ҂ᛨۢӵ්ࠊึ৥Ȃέூп৥౫яҔဏณሊ۪҆ޠΩ໕ȉԥޠȂ ൸࢑߱ࡋȄӶݢ߱ϊᇴϜȂ߱ࡋ൸࢑ҔဏȂ൸࢑ݳࡢȄ ȶԱ෺зࣩȷΚૢᇴٿ࢑ءԥеݳޠзࣩȂഀഷᙐ൑ޠȶయ΢޲ԬȂ །΢Іฺܱဍȷഎϛ҇ԥȄ࣐ඍ޲ڿด୞ሆ஽ڦᇻჵȃయ΢຺ೳȂۉኹ Ω࣐઎౪Ȃ׈ӓҭณݳखȂ൸࢑՘߱޲фဏ⻉Ԁȃץཏ਀ϫȂηϛռ། ฺচࢋȃΫؐయ΢ȂՅϛ҇៬סᇅݳࡢԥӉեޠࣛដܗፑऐȄӶ౫ᄃз ࣩϜޠஉݳ޲ȂӶԱ෺зࣩϜӼ኶ᗵଞܼณםȂ֊ٻୌด౫ᙺȂηӼ኶ ৶Ͼ࣐ϳਊߟȃᢂЮ৙ȃ਑ᓟ਑ץ๊ณ٘ሇ२ȂࣦՎ࣐΢ϛᏐȃଉ઱ޠ ΢ޑȂ઎Ҕޠஉݳ޲࢑߱ࡋȄݳࡢᗀفޠ࢑ȶѠпϛѠпȷȂ߱ࡋࠍ஽ ።ȶᔗ၏ϛᔗ၏ȷȂȶѠпϛѠпȷԥݳ఩٘пЖᐄȂȶᔗ၏ϛᔗ၏ȷࠍ હ឵ณ݃Нޠၿ኉ນ໕ȄӶ߱ࡋޠ՘࣐ྦࠍϜȂδᔗ၏޲ࣲѠпȂϛᔗ ၏޲ࣲϛѠпȂᝓϸ੓෼Ȃၿ኉ณ४αᆫȂ׸ৣяϜ୾΢ᄈݳࡢϛ߭Ӊ ޠЗ౪ȂՅӶຏᄻޠԱ෺зࣩϜԚ࣐ȶഷାցᘟȷȄ ߱ࡋӶԱ෺зࣩϜȶӒᡜԓȷޠೞ፮ϡၿ኉ȞҔဏȟ24ޠםຬȂࢉ ڐܛ՘ܛ࣐Ȃᅿ឵ȶᔗ၏ȷȂՅࢌȶᔗ၏ȷȂ൸ءԥܛᒞޠȶϛѠпȷȂӱ ԫ୑ฺ޲ೞजϾԚȶฺ߱ȷȃȶฺࡖȷȂయ΢޲η҇ดӱ࣐ᄈРဍԥᔗூȃ ԬԥᎸ່Ȃ๜రϛ໹៬ኍژݳࡢѠ૗ޠᛄᆵȄӶԫȂݳࡢ৶ϾȂၿ኉݂ ඵȂѠп؂ӓ८йԥਞӵᄈȶ୉Πϛᔗ၏୉ޠٲȷޠ΢ࢋϡᔗூޠᛄᆵȄ Ȟήȟ౪དྷϾޠၿ኉೤ࡢ Ӷ౫ᄃзࣩϜȂ๢ᇅඍޠࣩጤ࢑ࣻ࿌ዂጚޠȂӤਣȂҔဏᇅ٤ඍِ Ωޠ๗ݏȂٯณΚۢޠ೤ࡢȂȶЉၿณᒒȂளᇅ๢΢ȷȃȶ๢ԥ๢ൣȂඍ ԥඍൣȷޠ౪፤ȂӶ౫ᄃަཽ࢑܂܂ଜЇȃᡲ΢དژ۾ᒷܗ૥ᙳޠȄѨ ଼᎑ȶ᠃ܛᒞЉၿȂ࢑٤ߩ٤ȷޠ፵ᅹȂڐᄃҔၿяΠ౫ᄃަཽϜӼ኶ ΢ޠЗᖑȄ ȶົᚕȷ࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴޠஆ።Ȃณ፤өঢ়өࣃȂӼЎഎڏԥȶົᚕ౫ ᄃȷޠՔீȂᐩࠕ֖ᡘяڐȶຏᄻȷޠ੬ՔȂڐϜЏпяઢΤϾȃϛѠ ࡧឋޠȶݢѓȷኡቹȂഷЖ΢ᢚҭȄดՅȂ൸Ա෺ൠෂޠ೪ॏՅّȂᡑ ϾᚕۊȂц΢ዋ࣐ᢏЦޠȶݢѓȷȂٯϛ࢑ᆝϜᜱᗥȇݢ߱ϊᇴޠົᚕ ܓȂᡘ౫ӶΚঐફזϣดޠȶԱ෺೤ࡢϜȷȄ 24 ࿌ดȂ೼၈ܛᒞޠȶҔဏȷȂ࢑֐࣐ȶ઎ҔȷޠҔဏȂ࢑τԥ୧ᄽᎸӵޠȄ

ݢ߱ϊᇴϜޠ਀࡫ࣻ㛴ȃߟࣃીލȂ࡟ৡܿᡲ΢ᇳ၍Ա෺Κޣ᠗ဌ Ӷ୞ᕞଠᕘޠ௒ძϜȂ৉Ѱݢ߱ϊᇴޠᄜᇮȂԱ෺ծоΚޣടӶȶਫ਼օȷ Ї᙮ϟϜȄկ࢑ȂсಡᢏᄇȂשউࠔϛᜳึ౫Ȃܛԥޠȶਫ਼օȷȂณߩ എ࢑࣐Πࡤٿޠȶ҂ᓘȷձ᎝ჭȂݢ߱ϊᇴᖃ࢑ߩள዆ᢏӵ஡๗׌೪ॏ ூ׈जณ࿄˕˕ݢݔΚಜȂҔဏ᏾ാ٤ඍȂऽ໱ज΢ȂҪॷ୎ՃȄԱ෺ ӕԄե୞ᕞીᘚȂࢻᙾϛྑȂಥ஡ԥᘫඉ҂ᓘޠΚСȄՅ೼ঐ҂ᓘޠஆ ᙄȂࠍ࢑ӶᆡЗ೪ॏяޠȶԱ෺೤ࡢȷϜණٽޠȄ ݢ߱ϊᇴϜޠȶԱ෺೤ࡢȷȂ೾ள࢑ңٿጓ४΢ޑ՘࣐ޠȂ፞Ԅȶฺ Ҽԥၿȷȃȶছԥᓟ༇ԥлȷȃȶօᡔϛօڽȷ๊๊Ȃ߱ࡋޠ߱՘ဏᖟȂٲ ᄃαη൸৥౫Ӷᆱៗ೼ٳ೤ࡢޠ՘୞ϟϜȄկ࢑ȂԫΚ೤ࡢȂٯߩԚН ޠࡢݳȂՅ࢑Κᆎၿ኉೤ङȇӤਣȂஉ՘ᆱៗޠ߱ࡋȂη׈ӓяܼၿ኉ ޠນ໕ȄӱԫȂԫΚ೤ࡢȂ࢑ၿ኉Ͼޠ೤ࡢȂຬኊΠݢ߱зࣩϜ᠂ดϛ Ѡ߮Ҝޠ᠍ࡅ˕˕ȶҔဏȷޠ᠍ࡅȄӶ౫ᄃзࣩϜȂ࢑֐ԥΚܛᒞޠȶҔ ဏȷࡅ᠍ȂՍЋѭϵпٿȂ൸౐ߓᛅᅹȂկηҔѠᑜُձ޲ᄈȶԱ෺з ࣩȷޠ౪དྷϾȄຏᄻȶҔဏȷޠΩ໕ȂҔ࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴȶົᚕȷޠ৥ұȂ ౫ᄃзࣩϜޠፓᚖ८ࣻȂ׈ӓೞᙐϾ࣐൑હޠȶ٤ϛാҔȷȃȶЉၿԂᗚȷ ϟϲȂڐϜȂᏑঢ়ᇅդఁࡧདྷޠኈ៫࢑྄ڐ݃ᡘޠȄ Ȟѳȟሎሊޠѡх ݢ߱ϊᇴޠनෂȂ܂܂೪ܼۢȶѡхȷȂ೼ঐȶѡхȷȂѠп࢑ਣ໣ ݃ጃޠөঐ්хȂηѠп࢑ຏᔤޠȃٸไמ܄ޠȃϛޤϭσ࣐եσޠȶѡ хȷȄ೼࢑Ҧܼདྷ჌ޠзࣩҐ൸ᇅ౫ᄃ᝛๙Ȃпਣ໣ܝ໡ৰ຾Ȃԥֆܼ ᆱៗԫΚзࣩޠՍ٘ᇅ׈ᐍȂՅณ໹៬ኍ౫ᄃޠΤ߮ᇅખᚾȄ่ၘܗࢉ ٲϜளпȶ௄ࠊ௄ࠊȷ໡጖ȂңཏҔӶܼԫȄ൸ݢ߱ϊᇴՅّȂࠍ؂ԥ ڐϛூϛดޠ्҇Ȅ ΚР८Ȃ೼࢑ҦܼӶϜ୾༉ಜޠᢏ܉ϜȂȶѡхȷϛ༊࢑जԂޠȃ ౪དྷޠхᆏȂ೼ᘉȂשউ௄ȶᑠᏱԂѡȷȃȶᛅѡࡘ௒ȷȃȶѡၿዦဘȷȃȶѡ ΢ϟॴȷȃȶ΢Зϛѡȷ๊ளңԚᇮϜȂ൸Ѡп݃ҪȄȶѡхȷϟܛпज Ԃȃ౪དྷȂڿด࢑ӱ࣐שউӶڐϜ஛ଋΠณ४ޠདྷగȂηӱ࣐ȶѡхȷ ࢑ณݳȶᡜᜍȷޠȇࢌณݳᡜᜍȂ൸᐀ԥณ४ޠѠ૗˕˕౫ᄃαϛѠ૗ ԥޠȂӶሎሊޠѡхഎϛֺѠпԇӶȄ

ѫΚР८Ȃ೼ᇅݢ߱ϊᇴϜܛ஽።ޠȶݢȷԥஞϹޠᜱ߾Ȅݢ߱ϊ ᇴޠԱ෺зࣩ࢑ঐȶۧݢȷޠзࣩȂݢ᛻Ȃߩկ࢑ऽ໱߱υ՘ٗԱ෺ޠ ᏶ᙥȞៗٙȟȃфဏ՘߱ޠ఩ӈȞ՘߱ȟȂ࢑၍؛ીᘚȃץཏ਀ϫޠഷಥ ݳࠍȇӤਣη࢑߱ࡋ৥౫ڐॴߜ੊࡚ȃ࡛ᐚѓӫޠ्҇఩ӈȄٲᄃαȂ ݢ߱ϊᇴϟпȶݢȷ࣐ӫȂҔጣܼԥԫȶݢѓȷእକᐍᡞ࢝ᄻȄณ፤ݢ ߱ϊᇴ࢑ԄեኡቹݢѓޠȂݢѓഎ҇໹пȶᄈኴȷޠРԓ৥៪яٿȇΚ Ҏя౫ΠࡅΩ஽τޠȶዦսᏣȷȂऽ໱ңݢณӵȂ൸Ѭூඎ୯߱ϟለᅉ ΠȄ҂ԱϛلҢȮߗх߱ဏऽ໱༉ȯϜޠτΧеϥȃ஼і੖Ȯ߱ᗵȯϜ ޠ؄ЉดȂΚԬΚᗵȂҔᇴ݃Π೼ᘉȄ ݢ߱ϊᇴޠзࣩȂ࢑ȶտսᏣȷȞє֥Πѵঢ়ᇅϲঢ়ȟѠпӊॷ߭ ࣼȃཏ੊ॵඵޠзࣩȂՅ೼൸ϛ૗ϛܼؒ፞ȶѡхȷȞՎЎ࢑ఐఽп ࠊȟΠȄ ܼ࢑ȂӶዂᔤ౫ᄃޠஆᙄαȂݢ߱ϊᇴഇႇᙐϾȃ৶Ͼȃ౪དྷϾޠ КࢳȂՍ٘ӵ࡛ᄻΠΚঐ੬ੇޠൠ஀ȂЏڐ࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴȶѡхϾȷȃȶџ ᐤѭϾȷ25ޠႇโȂ؂௱ݱֆᝣӵђഁΠڐሊᚕ౫ᄃޠရؐȂԚΠၿӵ ޠȃདྷ࿌ดՇޠȶདྷ჌ޠԱ෺ȷȄӶᘜ಴Π౫ᄃޠᡮ४ࡤȂٙ۩ڐϜޠ ߱ࡋȂѠпᖄᐘႼᗿȂຝԱ෺࣐៛଼ၑቕȃ࡛ѓᐚӫޠ઱༈ϟӵȄ

ѳȃȶԚ΢่ၘȷޠѓ૗

Ԛ΢ٸՍϐޠȶםຬȷ഻ആяݢ߱зࣩޠȶԚ΢่ၘȷȂழԥࣻ࿌ ᐩࠕޠȶЇ౫ᄃȷ་ӪȂӱԫηளளೞΚٳ౫ᄃлဏ஽੩ޠ΢״ຠȃ׿ ᔟȄӶԫȂשউ҇໹Ӓ࡛ҴକΚঐᢏ܉ȈНᏱձࠣ࢑ຏᄻޠȂ๙ᄈϛѠ ૗๊Ӥܼ౫ᄃȄณ፤౫ᄃлဏ޲మԄեిᅎᅿयӵኡቹ౫ᄃȂഎሰഇႇ ໲Ϝȃ෰࢘ȃၔ஼ޠРԓߓ౫ȂҔԄȮߝ౮ధȯϟమᙥ՚ߟኋѐᡘ݃Ғ ަཽޠ፞ૢ஌ڃ్᜶ȃۣಢϼ๗ޠ௒ޒȂ՚ߟኋڐᄃ࢑໲Ӽ኶࿌ਣᇻີ 25 ܛᒞȶџᐤѭϾȷȂࡿޠ࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴࣹతΠਣ໣ȞࣦՎє֥Πޫ໣ȟޠۢ՞Ȃϛӫਣ хȃޯ៬ᐤѭȂᅿ௒Г೪Ȅᠼᝊโଇ፤ѡᓹϊᇴਣȂ֊ዀᄵȶџᐤѭϾȷ࣐Κτ੬ ՔȂᇰ࣐ѡᓹޠݢ߱ϊᇴȶѬԥΚঐዂጚޠѡхȂ୉࣐΢ޑࣁ୞І௒࿾ሏ৥ϟൠ஀Ȅ Ѡ࢑්хٯϛ݃ጃȂձ޲ηϛၑშџዂᔤᐤѭ௒ძޠ΢ޑᇅЗ౪ޒᄙȂՅ࢑п౫х Κૢޠ՘࣐ІЗ౪Їᔗ࣐ஆྦȄȷȞُЫ຀ȈȮ߱ޠᆡઢНϾѭ፤ȯȂѯіȈॴ໵ਣх яޏަȂ2004Ȃॳ 234ȟȶџᐤѭϾȷ೼࢑ѯᢋݢ߱ϊᇴึ৥αޠΚτ੬ՔȂՎܼᓻ ӜȂ஡ѫ࣐Нវख़Ȅ

ܼΚٙޠຬኊܓ΢ޑȂՅп෰࢘ȃၔ஼ޠКݳȂ౿ّڐਜ਼ᒁᇅ᜶ែȂ՚ ߟτۣ΢ϟඍȂȶґस࢑ϟࣦηȷȂկȶ֘φඍ۩ίࢻȷȂ൸ᜳռȶЉί ϟඍࣲᘫౚȷȄԫΚȶᘫȷȂ֊࢑ȶຏᄻȷȂѬ࢑ຏᄻூӬо௒౪ȃӬо ᄃርՅϑȄ Ȯߝ౮ధȯޠձਫлԠȂӶᄈ౫ᄃձ஽੩ޠ״ցȂձ޲ȶ≙ⰹӶܳȷȂ ԥᛄܼ݃Ғަཽϟ㖅ែዜ؛ȂٙӶԫΚ౫ᄃϟϜȂґ૗נ௒Ȃࢉпుз ϟЗȂึ࣐ఁϾϟНȂՅ൴ᛄרܼڐϜȄ᠟ϟ޲ȶѠпȷȞ೼࢑ձ޲л ᢏޠ෉గȂկηґُ҇ூȟȶ݃΢ঘȂר్ۍȂϸు኎ȂϾ๢ඍȂޤ౿ ૿੒ߞϟᐡȂڦൣᔗᎉଠϟٲȂԄӶҭࠊȷȂ26Ӽ኶ቹᄃޠձࠣȂτܱ ԄԫȄݢ߱ϊᇴ࢑пӅ໤৐዆࣐ڦӪޠ೾ߺНᏱձࠣȂձ޲ᄈ౫ᄃڿด ηԥܛϛᅗȂկณཏᙥԫᑺึ᠟޲ȃᛄᝏఁϾȂՍดϛ૗пڐȶЇ౫ᄃȷ ՅϡпᜐኇȄࣻЇӵȂҔѠп௄Ӆ໤৐዆ϜȂႁԚ࢛ᆎ੬ੇޠѓ૗Ȃٻ ᠟޲ӶڐຏᄻޠԱ෺зࣩϜȂᕖூᎨ᠟ޠ፹کᇅᅗ٘˕˕Յ೼Ҕ࢑ȶԚ ΢่ၘȷޠѓ૗Ȅ ȞΚȟйᏱݢങ΢Ȃኸձੁྜၾ ᐤٿᄈݢ߱ϊᇴȶЇ౫ᄃȷޠ״ցȂഷޣ௦Յ݃ጃޠңᇮ൸࢑ȶଡ ᗘ౫ᄃȷȄ ೼ঐ״ցԥڎ२ࡿਗ਼ȂΚ࢑ࡿݢ߱ϊᇴȶᙥѡ࣐ႋȷȂຏ೪Κঐϛ ԇӶޠзࣩȂᇅ౫ᄃަཽᅒϛࣻᜱȂৡܿٻ᠟޲ΤՅϛяȂ܈౲Πуউ Ӷ౫ᄃзࣩᔗᅿޠೱӉȄΚ࢑ࡿݢ߱ϊᇴܛᄻᑟޠзࣩȂ܂܂ᇅ౫ᄃޠ ࢛ٳၿ౪ȞԄऌᏱᆡઢ๊ȟࣻႃनȄԫ೏שউӒଭᄈಒΚ२ࡿਗ਼ђпϸݚȄ ᄈȶᙥѡ࣐ႋȷޠ״ցȂஆҐα࢑௄ȶަཽ΢ȷޠِ࡚яึȂ஽። ΢ϛ૗಴ᚕ౫ᄃՅᑀҴȂᏒᆔަཽ౫ᄃԥӼᗡඍȃ෥መȃુടȂഎԥဏ ଡ଼ηԥೱӉᅿՍϐഷτޠΩ໕Ȃ࣐ԫަཽៃࣙۉᝧȂܛᒞȶςϛѠϛ҅ ውȂӉ२ՅၿሊȷȂ27೼࢑ߩளڑ࠯ޠᏑঢ়ࡧᆱȄ ۓϛ፤Ꮡঢ়ࡧདྷ࢑֐൸࢑ؑঐ΢ܛᔗᒴඊޠक़ጓȞՎЎդၿڎঢ়ґ ҇ᇰӤȟȂ೼ኻޠᢏᘉȂڐᄃ࢑ၔτΠϊᖴ๜ବӶަཽѽᎉϜޠձңȂ 26_{ُȪ݃ȫ៍ങ઱઱ҢȂȲߝ౮ధມၘזȳȂȮߝ౮ధມၘȯȞѯіȈ٩ϧਫ׌Ȃ1996ȟȂ} ॳ 2-3Ȅ 27_{ُȪᚮȫեਥ໲၍ȃȪ׉ȫ٣᷃౶ȂȲ੏ճȳȂȮ፤ᇮȯڣ 8ȞȮΫήစݨ౶ȯȂѯіȈ᛻} НӠਫᓣȂ1965ȟȂॳ 7Ȅ

Յ܈౲ΠӶᛂτޠަཽᡞښίȂ࡟ӼᓷᓷևΩޠϊᖴ๜ବȶณΩѠпଠ ЉȷޠๅძȂпІႺڨѽᎉጅᔇՅћടܼڐϜϛூի৥ޠशඏȄަཽҘ ሊ࢑ϛ׈जޠȂҘሊཽԥ೩Ӽઁᏸޠȃڨ഻ޠȃ׼᢯ޠЗ᡺Ȃሰ्Ӷ౫ ᄃϟѵ൷ூΚ೏Ѡпኒ၍ȃ࡝ኮȃի৥ޠޫ໣Ȅഞే݃Ѡпᙥᗘપޠੁ ྜኸձྑਁȂ౫х΢έեლϛ૗ᙥԚ΢่ၘಯձ⁘၍Ȃኸਣܨ໡ᆨ஼ȃ ીᘚȃኊഃȃ୞ᒁޠҢࣁȂՅܼདྷ჌ޠзࣩϜ൷ூ٘пᡲЗ᡺ௌၾՍန ޠޫ໣ȉ؂२्ޠ࢑ȂԚ΢ޠЗ᡺ᇅڌ่׈ӓ౵፹Ȃуউϛཽ஡ຏᔤޠ зࣩᇳᇰ࣐઎ᄃȂ࿌уউӶНԆ૖๝ϜࠄᓏΚ᎐ࡤȂᚑକਫҐȂ൸Ҵڔ Ӳᘫ౫ᄃȄԫਣȂЗϜޠᔇΩȃ᢯๗ȃ܊ᘖȃ෉గᕖூᅗ٘Ȃયକٿ२ ུяึȂଐϛ؂ԥᎸ၊џ८ᄈަཽޠᆎᆎୱᚡȉȶΚ஼ΚԔȂНݢϟၿ ηȷȂ28൸࢑ᏱᏱݢങ΢ȂኸձΚൠੁྜϟၾȂέԥեֺȉ ȞΡȟםુՅઢӓȂԥ४Ͼณ४ ݢ߱ϊᇴޠຏᔤзࣩȂ࢑౪དྷϾޠзࣩȂࢌϢ౪དྷϾȂ൸ґ҇Ѡહ ᆟп౫ᄃޠِ࡚ђпᒌ໕ȃຠᘟȄ״ຠ޲ಒΡ२ޠࡿਗ਼Ȃ࡟݃ᡘޠנΠ ϊᇴ࢑НᏱޠȃ࢑ຏᄻޠȄуউଷΠࢆяݢ߱зࣩ၈ݳࡢ৶ଞȃစᔽᙐ ౲ޠୱᚡѵȂ؂ளпȶऌᏱᢏᘉȷࡿҍݢ߱ϊᇴ၈ȶݢѓȷޠኡቹȂ࢑ Ԅեޠઢܐ૥፜ȃႃЇऌᏱȄ ޠጃȂݢ߱ϊᇴ၈ޠȶݢѓȷ܂܂࢑ц΢ϛѠࡧឋޠȂ௄ஆҐޠॵ ᛭ٗᏪޠሇѓȃۢםۢᡞՅय΢ܼԬޠᘉҳѓȂژภ౧ᅗҭޠี๸෯ Ьȃఙ໵ᖄȃԄٿઢජȃ७ᓹΫΥජȃୂۆτਙಌȃΟജ઎စȃႁኟܿ ๑စȂпІӶᗚ੶ዃлȮ်ύቕ߱༉ȯϜя౫ޠѠп୑ЉඳСȃύᔒᡑ םޠઢ׭Ȃᗷц΢ო࣐ᢏЦȂࠔณΚϛુн਴ᐄȄՅӶಡ࿾αȂ౿ၔα ѡӫቕޠᎣᑘᎡւȃ஽።ԒྒᇅȶѓΩȷޠҔЩȂηԥႃऌᏱึ৥ޠᐤ ѭІ΢ᡞҢߞޠᚃᏱၿ౪Ȅ կ࢑ȂНᏱࠔ࢑ϱ೩ϛಓܗႃЇऌᏱޠȂȮ՚ၾଅȯȃȮࡍઢᅌဏȯȃ Ȯࠥւݱ੬ȯηϛӱڐᇅऌᏱࣻႃՅ෶཭ڐቌঅȂ؂եݸԫΚȶݢѓȷ ԥڐేྜՍϜ୾༉ಜݢ೛Ȟє֥ȶѵঢ়ȷᇅȶϲঢ়ȷȟޠٿᐤȂՅηӶ ೩Ӽӫݢ৲ޠ༉ᇴϜȶ෇စȷ৥౫яϛδޠԚ൸ȂґѠΚ྆ܢྸȄ؂२ 28_{ُȪᅖȫ᎓ҝݨȃȪভȫЍᑘႁҔဏȂȲᚖଅίȳȂȮᙅଅȯڣ 43ȞȮΫήစݨ౶ȯȂѯ} іȈ᛻НӠਫᓣȂ1965ȟȂॳ 751Ȅ

्ޠ࢑Ȃ೼࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴձ޲ᇅ᠟޲ޠᓷ࠷Ȃݢ߱ϊᇴҔ࢑пڐົ຺΢᜹ ᡞ૗४ښȃϛѠࡧឋޠઢۊ૗ΩȂ֝Ж຀᠟޲ޠЗҭȄ ΢ޠᡞ૗࢑ԥ४ޠȂկདྷ჌ޠзࣩࠍณ४Ȃݢ߱ϊᇴᅗ٘Π΢ົ຺ Սשםᙽ४ښޠమగȂ഻ആณ४ޠѠ૗ȂҔ࢑ڐѓ૗ϟΚȄ ȞήȟၗޤзٲᖠȂфቕ੊Ԅύ ݢ᛻ା஽ȃϝઢᛑ᠏ޠ߱ࡋȂ܂܂࢑ݢ߱ϊᇴ᠟޲Жስӊగޠऽ ໱Ȅऽ໱ᓅᓅᕥᕥȂ࿢࿣ထঘȂܼԱ෺зࣩϜ໡ܦޏშȃ഻࡛ٲѓȂ೼ ࢑ӼЎ΢ჳ൵пؒޠ΢ҢძႅȉԟྒᖠᜳȂਚ׸ᐘଜϛᘟȂࠔέ૗ȶश ڐЗעȂഽڐ๑ଽȂᎶڐᡞጴȂޫнڐٙȂ՘ܡ༅ڐܛ࣐Ȃܛп୞Зף ܓȂቩઊڐܛϛ૗ȷ29ޠȶЎԒԚߞȷᐤโȂέ෇ழ๞ӼЎറლ౫ᄃ֩ Ⴔȃᑒᜳޠ΢ᐮᓿᇅჃᇇȉՅ߱ଽᄚ඘ȃ࢚௒ԥԝȂߨौकલȃ༈઱Ա ෺Ȃέ࢑Ԅեजᝌޠንኙᇅᘑ܂ȉ Ӷ౫ᄃзࣩϜȂ೏೏ᖠᓏȃ೏೏ᑒᜳȃ೏೏ᒹᏻȂณ፤ད௒ȃһЅȃ ٲཿȂϛԄཏ೏ΫϟΥΟȂҢ҂ϛூעޠ΢Ȃᙥऽ໱଩ݕȂዕՍϐ༶ᘓȂ ୆߱ςऽॴȂᓼΚϐґ૗ႎޠעཿȂȶԥ࣐޲Ҽस࢑ȷ30ȃȶτΰЊ࿌Ԅ ࢑ηȷ31Ȃ೼η࢑Ԛ΢่ၘޠѓ૗ϟΚȄ Ȟѳȟ᝙ቕࡼᜓ֘Ȃ҂ᅮϛ҂೏ Ꮢᆔ߱ࡋޠ՘࣐܂܂ᇅ࿌хޠݳࡢࣻϤࣛដȂйڐܛޣញՅึޠ ȶ੊ဏȷȂᇅΚૢܛᒞޠȶҔဏȷηґ҇सӬಓ࿾ȇดՅȂӶ౫ᄃзࣩ ϜȂݳᆪޠ࡯౶ȃҔဏޠؗ౏Ȃࠔ࢑Κૢ΢ད඘ഷ౐ȃ།ฯഷϹޠᄃݸȄ ᜹ծѨ଼᎑ܛᇴޠȶฺ▼Сయϛ່Ȃن΢ϟՉȂኹܚ৻࿤Ȃᆺឪ኶ξ΢Ȃ ᐘ՘ЉίȂഥпჱಥȷ32ȃȶᐈ՘ϛक़Ȃ஠ҜסᒗȂՅಥٙ໌዆Ȃ൳ࠕ ತзϛ๙ȷ33ޠ΢Ȃ؂ϛޤԥӼЎȄݳࡢณݳښນȂҔဏϛ૗ի஼Ȃ೼ ࢑ե๊ޠڔଽ౏ᡝϟฯȊดՅȂӼ኶ޠ΢എณݳ׾ᡑ೼ΚٲᄃȂѬ૗ᓷ ᓷოਁȃ৷ڴ॓॓ՅϑȄ 29 ُȪᅖȫሂאݨȃȪ׉ȫ৙ቯ౶ȂȲ֚φίȳȂȮ۞φȯڣ 12ȞȮΫήစݨ౶ȯȂѯіȈ ᛻НӠਫᓣȂ1965ȟȂॳ 223Ȅ 30_{ӤαພȂȲዠНϵαȳȂॳ 88Ȅ} 31 ُȪᅖȫѨ଼᎑ȂȲᅖାડҐखȳȂॳ 163Ȅ 32_{ُȪᅖȫѨ଼᎑ȂȲճӽӗ༉ȳȂॳ 852Ȅ} 33 ӤαພȄ

ԥ೼ቅΚঐзࣩȂᗷดءԥݳࡢȂҔဏࠔ૗ի஼Ȃ߱ࡋ᏶ᙥΚࢢ᝙ ቕȂ൸૗஡ΚϔձԀҜऌȃ෥ኹ஽ᐘȃ೴៙ݘݳޠඍ৷ȃϷ৷ȃኹ৷Ȃ ΚΚࢋϡᔗூޠᛄᆵȂέཽԄեޠτץ΢ЗȊ௄Ԛ΢่ၘޠзࣩϜȂআ ٿ߱ࡋޠ᝙ቕȂ፣ԥϛ҂೏ȉ࣐֘҂ϛ҂ȊᏒᆔѬ࢑དྷ჌ȂณᅹࠔѠ⁘ ኮשউޠ᢯๗ᇅ܊ᘖȄ ȞϥȟయӄӼᘱ՗Ȃ࿞ԫܚ੊੒ ݢ߱ϊᇴϜณ፤࢑߱ςܗඍ৷Ȃ୞ሆ௲ΧךᅂȂΚّϛӬȂΫؐయ ΢Ȃࣦйయூࡐᐘႈഐȃ՗ࢻԚݭȄ፤޲ளпԫ״ցݢ߱зࣩ࢑ঐϷඍ ෥መȃщᅗኹΩޠзࣩȂᐋЗᎨ᠟޲ڨԫኈ៫ȂᇳпኹΩ࣐၍؛ΚϹୱ ᚡޠഷٺКࢳȄԫΚ״ຠܗ޲ϛ࢑ӼኍȂկڐѠ૗ึҢޠᐡ౦ԥӼЎȂ ࠔณᅹ࢑ೞ݃ᡘၔτΠȄԫҔԄӤަཽᄈȶՔ௒ȷޠ״ցΚૢȂ܂܂஡ ঐ਱ຝ࣐೾پȂਐਐԥມޠ஡ȶ஽ኹҜȷᇅȶᢏࣽՔ௒ȷᛯᖓ࣐ΚȂٲ ᄃαુнᇴ݉ΩޠȄ ݢ߱ϊᇴϜݳࡢ৶ϾȂՅ߱ࡋநକȇ߱ࡋܛӊфޠ࢑ݢΩȂݢΩέ ϛ૗ϛຨܼ፞ኹ੩ޠКࢳȂࢉΧӏቕኈȂཪ᏾ѳକȄկ࢑ȂӶНᏱޠз ࣩϜܛ෰࢘ޠኹΩȃೞၔ஼ޠ՗မȂ࢑֐҇ดཽȶ༉ክȷȃȶད࢘ȷژ᠟ ޲Ȃ௄ՅђпᏱಭȃዂҾȉ፤޲܈ຝΠ౫ᄃзࣩϜบԥݳࡢ೤ጓޠୱ ᚡȄٲᄃαȂҔӱԥԫݳࡢ೤ጓȂӱԫӶ܊ᘖᜳ᎜ȃҔဏϛիޠ׼᢯ϜȂ ϘᙾՅᙥདྷ჌ޠзࣩђпᔕ၅ȄΚӱΚݏȂ࢑ϛ૗᜻ଜঈᙾޠȄ ӤਣȂשউҼϛ૗܈ຝ΢ܓϜᇅҢ঎ٿޠ෥ף੬ܓȄЗ౪Ᏹȃަཽ ҢޑᏱαஆҐαഎܜᇰӶ΢᜹ޠҐܓϜ࢑ԥܛᒞȶ༟՗ܓȷޠȂ՗မ෥ ףޠൠ८Ȃڿด٘пᐮึ঩ۗҐ૗ޠፑ୞ȂկηԥֆܼԫΚమగޠᅗ ٘ȄՅ൸Ӷᐮึ! ! ᅗ٘ޠႇโϜȂۗಥӶ΢᜹ޠ՗షϜᙉࢻ຀ޠҐ ܓȂѠпᅿ኶មяȂಥᘫܼ҂ᓘȄ೼Ҕ࢑НᏱձࠣϜޠȶᅦఽձңȷȄ ܼདྷ჌ޠзࣩϜܺ՗ȃᘱ՗Ȃᙥп੒၍౫ᄃзࣩϜޠኹܚϟ੊Ȃณᅹη ࢑Ԛ΢่ၘޠѓ૗ϟΚȄ ȞϳȟНϾӼ༉ܜȂ֊ѡೣུޤ ݢ߱ϊᇴޠзࣩȂ࢑ȶѡхзࣩȷȂᏒᆔձ޲ӶຏᄻԫΚзࣩਣȂ ϛռழԥȶпϭຝѡȷޠُུ၍ȃུၜមȂՅґ҇ᇅѡࣻӬȄկࢌ࢑ѡ хȂࠍԥᜱ٦ঐȶѡхȷࡧདྷȃНϾȃښ࡚ȃҢࣁ๊өঐ࿌х΢ϑด६

Ңޠቺ८Ȃ҇ด໹ԥၐ౲ϛ๊ޠඣᛳȄݢ߱ϊᇴӱڐȶѡхܓȷȂӱڐ ѡхޠनෂȂ஡༉ಜНϾϜᏑȃមȃၿȞ֥ၿঢ়Іၿఁȟޠࡧདྷᆡઢ༙ ᒋڐ໣Ȃйщϸޠւң࢛ٳൠෂȂ஡НϾϜ௄НᏱܓޠၒມᅉ፮ȃ׭૗ ܓޠݢᏱ৉ၰȃ᛻೛ܓޠลෙਫฬȂژᚖᏱܓޠଢ଼ᗗ኶೛ȃᚃᏱܓޠᎵ ҢӦાȂпІ߇ഩ৴༫ȃ૰଩໾ॶ๊ҢࣁϟၿȂΚΚұ౫ڐ໣Ȃ♬ᅛԚ ࣐ȶϜ๽НϾޠఁऌਫȷȂϑសԥȶ൴ఁܼ዆ȷޠѓ૗Ȃٻ৐ਈޠᎨ᠟ ҼѠٵԥහܓޠࣀᙅȄ ٲᄃαȂݢ߱ϊᇴηӱԫՅសڏϜ୾༉ಜޠ੬ՔȂ৥౫ΠᇅಁϛӤ ޠॴੀȂٻ᠟޲Ѡпȶ֊ѡೣུޤȷȂณםϜη༉ܜΠѡхޠНϾȄ

ϥȃ๗ᇮȈݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶᡞȷᇅȶңȷ

ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶҐᡞȷȂΚّпጷϟȂ൸࢑ȶԚ΢่ၘȷȂՅڐ੬ኊԥ ήȂΚ࢑ȶݢȷȂΚ࢑ȶѡхܓȷȂΚ࢑ȶຏᄻޠԱ෺зࣩȷȂ34ԫή޲ ࣻϤᜱᖓȃ܅ԫኈ៫Ȅȶԥ࢑ᡞ޲ԥ࢑ңȷȂпȶԚ΢่ၘȷ࣐Ґᡞޠݢ ߱ϊᇴȂпᙐϾަཽ૖๝ȃ৶Ͼݳࡢȃ౪དྷϾၿ኉ޠРԓȂӶሎሊޠѡ х࡛ᄻΠΚঐົ຺౫ᄃՅέϛᚕ౫ᄃޠȃຏᄻདྷ჌ޠԱ෺зࣩȇйӱڐ ණٽΠੁྜኸၾȃϾԥ४࣐ณ४ȃхᓼעཿȃ๳࣊܊ᘖȃᅦఽኹܚϟ੊ пІ༉ܜѡхНϾޠ፞Ӽѓ૗ȂՅᕖூ኶пቈॏ᠟޲඾ႈޠൊནȂԚ࣐ ߗх೾ߺϊᇴޠлࢻȂՍดԥڐϛৡ܈ຝޠཏဏᇅቌঅȄ ดՅȂݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶңȷȂ࢑ڨژڐȶҐᡞȷ஽ڿङ४ޠȂӕԄե ౪དྷȃԄեजԂȂԄեѠпኒኮӶ౫ᄃϜȃ׼᢯ȃϛ҂ȃڨ഻ޠЗ᡺Ȃ ԄեѠпᙥԫᕖூහܓޠଢؒȂ౴ഥϬ࢑ຏГޠȃϛᄃޠȄᏒᆔ௄НᏱ Ӽϰึ৥ޠِ࡚ຝϟȂݢ߱ϊᇴп৐዆Ӆ໤࣐лޠᎨ᠟་ӪȂՍҼԥڐ ϛѠܢྸޠНᏱѓ૗ȂկԄݏ༊४ܼԫȂηґռᡘூႇܼ൑ᖢȃ೵нȄ пݢ߱ϊᇴႇџ෇စആԚޠȶδԥϜ୾΢ޠӵРȂ൸ԥݢ߱ϊᇴȷޠ౿ ݸȂпІҭࠊᗷϢԓཌྷȂࠔϬԥ೩Ӽ஁ۢޠМࡼȃ᐀ៗ޲ՅّȂ೼ঐȶԚ ΢่ၘޠзࣩȷȂ౪ᔗණٽ؂ኅȃ؂ീȃ؂౐ڔޠϲৡȂᡲ᠟޲ܼᎨ᠟ ϟርȂҼ૗ȶ໡ڣԥઊȷȂԥ؂Ӽȃ؂τޠԞᛧȄ 34_{ӶࠊНޠ፤ख़ϜȂԫή޲ְϑԥܛ஽።Ȃ໲ϜՅၐಡޠϸݚᇅଇ፤Ȃ፝୥ُݔߴవ} ᇅဩࢺҢӬኦϟȮѯᢋݢ߱ϊᇴึ৥ѭȯȞѯіȈሊࢻяޏϵѨȂ2005ȟޠȲᆲ፤ȳȄ

ӶԫȂשউϬூӲژȶԚ΢ȷޠቺ८ٿໍΚؐҨᇴȄȶԚ΢่ၘȷ ᇅȶ่ၘȷޠഷτୣրȂӶܼԚ΢࢑Ҵܼ٘౫ᄃ࣐Սϐᄻᑟ೼ঐзࣩޠȂ Κ਴౫ᄃޠጤȂررᛯ՟Ԛ΢З᡺ޠॴᆛȂ࿌೼଺ॴᆛӶԚ΢่ၘޠЉ ޫϜឞᒁȃࠄᓏூ஋εΠϟࡤȂᗚ࢑ூԞጤՅӲȂ᝸៊Ӷ೼ঐ౫ᄃзࣩ Ңࣁ຀Ȅഇႇጤޠ๳৥ȃមܺȂѠпᅿयిᅎޠ⁘၍Ԛ΢З᡺፞Ӽޠϛ ᅗᇅᒹᏻȂկٯϛ૗ᡲԚ΢઎Ҕޠົᚕܼ౫ᄃȄԚ΢่ၘޠзࣩ࢑ዂᔤ ܼ౫ᄃޠȂѠົᚕ౫ᄃȂέϛᚕ౫ᄃȂӶϛ֊ϛᚕϟ໣Ȃ࢑֐ᗚѠпӶ ౫ᄃޠஆᙄαȂձ؂ቷኅȃ᡺ࣁޠ೪ॏȉԚ΢ޠԚዤЗ᡺ȂଷΠᙥົᚕ пႋଡȃпᎵਁѵȂ૗֐ηӶ೼ঐзࣩϜᄈ౫ᄃձ؂౐ΚቺޠЇࡧȉߝ ஸޠȮ઱༈Ա෺ȯᙥԱ෺ኈৣ౫ᄃȂ΢ܓޠ፞ૢ௒ޒȂΚΚڏ౫ȇѡᓹ ഻ձݢ߱Ȃ੉੉пኡቹ΢ܓ࣐܉ȄԚ΢่ၘޠзࣩȂҔҼϛֺձ΢ܓ৥ ᅌᇅၑྱޠൠ஀ȄԄ࢑Ȃ֊ڐᡞՅԥ࢑ңȂݢ߱ϊᇴܗ޲ཽԥ؂ቷᗰޠ ึ৥ޫ໣ȄȪೱӉጢਯȈݔుᆋȫ

л्୥Մਫҭ

஠຀ Ȫᅖȫ᎓ҝݨȃȪভȫЍᑘႁҔဏȂȮᙅଅȯȂȮΫήစݨ౶ȯȂѯіȈ᛻ НӠਫᓣȂ1965 Ȫᚮȫեਥ໲၍ȃȪ׉ȫ٣᷃౶ȂȮ፤ᇮȯȂȮΫήစݨ౶ȯȂѯіȈ᛻Н ӠਫᓣȂ1965 ȪᅖȫሂאݨȃȪ׉ȫ৙ቯ౶ȂȮ۞φȯȂȮΫήစݨ౶ȯȂѯіȈ᛻НӠ ਫᓣȂ1965 ȪᅖȫѨ଼᎑ȂȮѭଅȯȂѯіȈ᛻НӠਫᓣȂ1958 Ȫ݃ȫ៍ങ઱઱ҢȂȮߝ౮ధມၘȯȂѯіȈ٩ϧਫ׌Ȃ1996 ݔߴవȃဩࢺҢȂȮѯᢋݢ߱ϊᇴึ৥ѭȯȂѯіȈሊࢻяޏϵѨȂ2005 ਾҢᐈȂȮц΢᏾ཙޠੀݔ่ၘȯȂѯіȈᄰࠣНϾϵѨȂ2002 ചҔݾȂȮ่ၘቹձःفȯȂѯіȈϥࠓяޏަȂ1990 ൑ᆱᄕȂȮऌ඾ᅌᗀ໲ȯȂѯіȈᒦᓟᢂяޏަȂ2007 ᠼᝊโȂȮ߱ޠᆡઢНϾѭ፤ȯȂѯіȈॴ໵ਣхяޏަȂ2004

Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, Princeton university, 1987 ஠ਫ፤Н ࢋள߇ȂȲ่ၘӶЗ౪ఁيህᏳαޠᔗңȳȂԞᓄܼ೩࡛݁ጢȂȮᇰᜌ่ ၘȯȂѯіȈЉፐНϾяޏϵѨȂ1998 ဩࢺҢȂȲ࿌хݢ߱ϊᇴޠԚ΢่ၘзࣩȈഇຝѳΫԒٿѯᢋݢ഻߱ձ ޠึ৥ᇅࢻᡑȳȂԞᓄܼݔ㈆኉ȃ۞ዄጢȂȮࢻ՘ЉίȈѯᢋ࿌х೾ ߺНᏱ፤ȯȂѯіȈਣൣНϾяޏϵѨȂ1992 ෉ё፤Н ݔߴవȂȲ෭߱Ա෺˕˕ݢ߱ϊᇴޠȶԱ෺зࣩȷȳȂȮసԱϜНᏱൣȯಒ 8 ෉Ȃ2003 Ԓ 7 У ࢪងȂȲ߱ኈ๸㢿ޠఘՂҢȳȂȮᖓӬൣȯಒ 21 ޏȞᖓӬ୚ёȟȂ1988 Ԓ 5 У 25 С ࢺᆱȂȲȶԚ΢่ၘȷᇴȳȂȮڴ៍৲஠Ᏹൣȯಒ 16 ڣಒ 4 ෉Ȃ2000 Ԓ 11 У ৹۰ȂȲ፤ȶԚ΢่ၘȷޠ᛻೛ᆡઢ˕˕চፚϊᇴޠ౪܉ᇅ״ຠȳȂȮᏱ ೛УёȯȂ2000 Ԓ 11 У Ᏹ՞፤Н еН࣢ȂȮੀݔ่ၘϜޠυܓِՔ౫ຬȯȂ୾ҴѯݎτᏱڌ่ःفܛᆉς ፤НȂ2004 ቔ઎ഋȂȮ௄่ၘѓ૗Մࢦߝஸݢ߱ϊᇴޠఅٲ੬ՔȯȂॸ෬ᔑࠓτᏱল Ᏹܛᆉς፤НȂ2000

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ಒΚ՞ቸࢦ΢Ȉ ҐНॷӒᄈ่ၘޠ੬ܓȂԚ΢ᇮཋϜޠȶ่ၘȷ੬ԥཏဏȂ ԥ݃ጃޠវមȇѠᇅ፤Н၈ණяޠȶԚ΢่ၘȷມཋȂ࣐ࣻ ӠᜍȄԫ࣐ࣁңলᏱȶዑఽ྆܉ȷІȶ೪ۢցྦȷޠྦࠍȄ ፤НϜࡿяȶݢ߱ϊᇴȷޠҐᡞ࣐ȶԚ΢่ၘȷȂѻпᙐϾަ ཽ૖๝ȃ৶Ͼݳࡢȃ౪དྷϾၿ኉೤ࡢȂٯпѡх࣐ࢉٲनෂȂ ຏᄻདྷ჌ޠԱ෺зࣩп஛൴དྷగȂ჌΢໣ޠȶੁ߇ྜȷΚኻȂ ೼ᆎዂᔤܼ౫ᄃȃົᚕ౫ᄃȃέϛᚕ౫ᄃȂӱՅڏԥ่ၘ੬ ፵Ȅԫ࣐লᏱȶ࡛ᄻقಜȷޠ፤ᘉᇅ፤ᜍȄҐН๗ᄻᝓᙲȂ ϲోᙵ൳Ȃᄈᇰᜌ่ၘІݢ߱ϊᇴޠ੬ܓᇅձңȂ൳ԥᏱ౪ αޠఃึᇅ഻ُȂ࣐ڏԥ୥ՄቌঅޠΚ጖፤НȄ ಒΡ՞ቸࢦ΢Ȉ ҦȶԚ΢่ၘȷِ࡚࡛ᄻ߱➚Ґᡞ፤Ѡᆏ࡭࿌Ȅ߱➚ϟձȂϛ ӤܼΚૢϊᇴϟȶձ޲शඏޠຬኊȷȄՅ࢑ҦܼԚ΢ᄈ΢Ңϟ ϛᅗȂڐ஛௒ܼ߱➚࢑࣐ȶ᠟޲ޠशඏȷȄΚԄႯ࿾೪ॏϟੁ ྜȂ࢑࣐ᐾᘉܼς΢शඏЗ᡺ϜҘϛᅬྟޠΚᘉྤཹޠᐸЭȄ ୥ЖѡϭϜѵ౪፤Ҽ឵Ϝ޼ȂՅЖНඉ૗ࢻւུΩԄලȄ