ˣ⸒⤎⏗䁊⏙⭟⠘ˤ 䬓9㜆 柨99-138 2016⹛12㛯 ⛲䪲凡䁊⸒䮫⤎⭟凡䁊⏙䟻䩝㈧
㹿㫲㵨㳶䕂摉刐㆑悌僅垻䮔䏠㠫䕂䔺⬓
濑1900-1930濒
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ҁЎаᐜНྛч۞ؑᑈ৻ѳচࣁࣴزޜ໔ǴᐜНྛΠෞӦޑ ܗ Ꮬ ᆶᇙᑗౢวޑᜢ߯Ƕ1900 ԃжаࡕǴ্ᆶࢫᝄख़ޑᄆϯࠄǴӢੇ ۞ӦٛᆶᐜНྛٛπำ࣬ᝩՉǴԶౢғቶεޑߥӼ݅ှନӦᆶ ݞ ο ੌᙟӦǶ೭٤Ӧᅌڀഢ໒ᏜޑచҹਔǴᆵᕴ࿎۬҅ᑈཱུᑗวǴ ዛᓰ໒Ꮬ۔ԖӦᅿҒጧǴҭႴᓰঁΓ܈ޗ໒Ꮬ۔ԖচഁǴᝀሌՉΨٰᆵ ᔼǴගٮԖཀၗ࣬ᜢ٣ޣѸाޑᑼၗǶӧβӦǵၗҁԖճచҹޑᐟᓰΠǴ ԖᆵՋനቶᗡӦচഁޑᐜНྛч۞ؑᑈ৻ѳচǴၱԋࣁࢲ๎ޑཥᏜǶ 20 Шइ߃ǴᆵޑጧբၠຫᐜНྛч౽ǴᆵҁᆶВБၗҁΨ໒ۈ ӧᄆϯѳচࡌᄬଆᑗހკǶ1905-1910 ԃǴᇙᑗౢЬाࣁӧӦၗҁ܌ҥ ޑׯؼᑗ䘢Ǵጧբޜ໔ϩѲܭᙑᐜНྛٿୁǶ1905 ԃаࡕǴҗܭᕴ࿎۬ᑗ ࡹᙯӛዛᓰεᇙᑗቷǴΞೕۓཥԄᇙᑗҥϣޑׯؼᑗ䘢ѸᄖନǴׯؼ * ҁЎࣁࣽמᚒࣴزीฝȨ୮ӦǵᘪӦǵᎦӦȋᐜНྛΠෞޑ໒ܗഁȐ1900-1945ȑȩMOST 105-2410-H-003-008ǴԜठᖴǶ ** ୯ҥᆵৣጄεᏢᆵўࣴز܌௲ᑗ䘢ཥԄᇙᑗޗտؒǴλࠠᑗၗҁΨεࠠၗҁঋٳǹ1910-1920 ԃ໔Ǵᆵ݈ᐏ݅ৎǵജෝູৎکВၗྍԋၭڗжΑӧӦύλᑗၗҁǴख़ ᄬᄆϯࠄޑᑗހკǶ1927 ԃаࡕǴᆵҁၗҁҾӧᑗೕኳғౢޑ ᝡᖻύᅌ௳ତΠٰǴಖόእВҁϣӦၗҁޑᝡݾԶঋٳǴᐜНྛачޑᄆ ϯѳচᅰࣁܴݯǵᡶНෝǵྍԋǵཥଯᇙᑗޗ܌ҐϩǴӆᄬᑗހკǶ ᐜНྛачϐ܌аԋࣁᑗၗҁᝡݾޑભᏯǴࢂӢ1920 ԃжаफ़Ǵ ᐜНྛч۞ؑᑈ৻ޑӦচഁቶၲ5 ίҘаǴԋࣁཥԄᇙᑗޗന٫ޑȨᘪ ӦȩୱǶՏܭཥᏜӦύኰޑΒ݅ӦǴِೲวԋᑗख़ᙼǴୱϣԖΟঁ ВၗޗޑΒ݅ӦǴ٬ጧၭܰКሽԶсᡉ݅ҁྍᇙᑗޑሽৡǹচǵޥ КሽౢғޑόᅈᆣکբǴவԶᛈวΑΒ݅ጧၭ٣ҹǶᐜНྛΠෞޑ໒ܗ ഁǴԖӵȨጷጸਏᔈȩǴ࣮՟ᆶ٣ҹคޔௗ࣬ᜢǴвಒୢǴࠅࢂᏤठᇙᑗচ ԏᖼሽޑৡ౦ϯԶᐟғ٣ᆄޑচӢǶ ᜢᗖӷǺᐜНྛǵӦǵᑗǵচ௦ڗୱڋࡋǵΒ݅ǵጧၭ٣ҹǵၭ҇ၮ
ᲾƱℋ墾
㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ䘬㰾䧵㇯⸛⍇炻⚈㳒か柣ṵ冯㜙⊿⬋桐⻟䁰炻冒䃞䑘 ⠫ ᶵ ⇑彚 ἄ炻攳⡦怚䶑炻䁢⼘⊾⸛⍇倂句㚨䦨䔷䘬⛘⋨炻⯌℞ 1898 ⸜䘬ㆲㆴ⣏㯜䀥炻 㚜ἧ⼿㛹句勺⺊炻Ṣ⎋暊㔋炻彚⛘㉳勺ˤ忁䧖冒䃞㡅ẞら≋䘬⼘⊾⋿⋨炻⇘ 20 ᶾ䲨⇅㛇⚈勺⛘⍇慶朊䧵⺋⣏炻⛐冢䀋咿ἄ⋨⊿䦣ᷳ㗪炻䪇ㆸˬ湫慹 ⛘㭝 ˭ˤ ⛘⋨⿏ᷕ⮷✳ ⛘ᷣ⇘ℐⲞ⿏⣏⭞㕷ẍ 军㕤㖍㛔⣏ẩ㤕屯㛔炻 悥⛐勺 ⛘ ⍇ 慶 朊 䧵⺋⣏䘬㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠䪞岤⛇⛘炻⯌℞㗗䔞㗪㚨℟㼃≃䘬墥䱾䓊㤕屯㛔炻ℵ ≈ ᶲ 㖍㛔⭀㕡䘬䋶⊝冯㓧䫾㈞㊩炻墥䱾䓊㤕⛐⼘⊾⸛⍇彭忇攳⯽ˤ1900-1920 䞕䞕 20 ⸜ᷳ攻炻㬌⋨䘬墥䱾䓊㤕⽆⁛䴙䱾⇘㓡列䱾ẍ军㕘⺷墥䱾⾓忇⋯䳂烊 㛔⛘屯㛔ˣ㖍㕡屯㛔䪞徸ℤἝ炻咿彚冯墥䱾㚫䣦䇕嬘㗪崟炻冢䀋䫔ᶨ 㫉䘬 咿 彚 ㈿䇕ȺȺˬḴ㜿咿彚ḳẞ˭ḳẞḇ⛐忁墉䘤䓇ˤ䫮侭忶⍣㚦ẍ㽩㯜㹒 勺⛘ ㉻ ⡦ 冯彚㛹卩劙冰崟䘬斄Ὢ䁢柴≈ẍ䞼䨞炻1 ḇ㚦⯙Ḵ㜿⛘⋨彚㤕⮶⎹䴻㾇ἄ䈑炻 檀⹎⓮⑩⊾䘬 彚㤕Ὣㆸ彚㮹⿏㟤冯シ 嬀䘬廱嬲炻≯㕤䁢冒幓 䘬⇑䙲 ㈿ 䇕 ≈ ẍ ㍊妶ˤ2 Ữẍᶲℑ䭯㔯䪈䘮㛒傥憅⮵䱾㤕⤥⤥䏊䢐炻⇘⸽⼘⊾⸛⍇⤪ỽㆸ䁢䱾 㤕㕘冰⋨➇烎 䫔ᶨ㫉咿彚ḳẞỽẍ䘤 䓇⛐Ḵ㜿烎勺慶䘬攳 䘤㚱ỽ 斄 Ὢ 烎 悥 暨慵㕘↮㜸妶婾ˤ 䱾㤕⎹Ἦ㗗冢䀋⎚䞼䨞䘬慵天 婚柴炻㚱斄咿彚ḳẞ 䱾㤕䚠斄 䘬 䞼 䨞 ㆸ 㝄⋩↮寸ˤ⛐咿彚䇕嬘㕡朊炻ỽ沛⪴⮵㖍㱣㗪㛇䱾㤕䘬䴻䆇彚㮹 䇕嬘 㚱 ℐ 朊侴㶭㘘䘬↮㜸炻娵䁢㖍㛔⛐冢䀋䘬䱾㤕䴻䆇冯冢䀋彚㮹䇕嬘㚱⭮↯ 斄 Ὢ炻⯌ ℞ẩ㤕屯㛔⮵⛇⛘䘬Ὕ⤒⮶农彚㮹星ℍ䓇妰⚘⠫炻❳ᶳ䇕嬘ᷳ⚈ˤ3 娚婾㔯⮵ 冢䀋咿彚䇕嬘 冯䥩Ṣ屯㛔⮵⛇⛘Ὕ⤒ 㚱ℐ朊⿏䘬㔀徘↮㜸 炻ḇ嬻 䫮 侭 ⿅ 侫 1 નᭂǴȤᐜНྛᜐሞβӦޑ໒วᆶၭमޑᑫଆȥǴԏܭഋཁҏЬጓǴȠӦБमᆶᆵၭ҇ ၮȡȐࠄෝǺύѧࣴزଣᆵўࣴز܌Ǵ2008ȑǴ। 389-424Ƕ 2 નᭂǴȤவΒ݅ጧၭ٣ҹډဟၭ٣ҹ——ӦୱᆶޗΚޑԋȥǴȠᆵўࣴزȡ16Ȑ2000 ԃ 12 ДȑǴ। 2-21Ƕ 3 ՖስብǴȤВᏵਔжᆵޑᑗᔼᆶၭ҇ݾȥȐᆵчǺ୯ҥࡹݯεᏢᐕўࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǴ 1991ȑǶḴ㜿咿彚ḳẞ冯⛇⛘Ὕ⤒䘬⎗傥斄Ὢˤ ⛐䱾㤕屯㛔㕡朊炻湫䳡↮㜸㖍Ὤ㇘䇕炷1904-1905 ⸜炸⇵⼴冢䀋Ṣ屯㛔 ⛐䱾㤕㈽屯ᷳ 嬲⊾炻㊯↢冢䀋⛘ᷣ昶 Ⰼ朊⮵㖍㛔⚳ℏ屯㛔㈽ ℍ㕘⺷ 㨇 㡘 墥 䱾 ⺈㗪炻冢䀋Ṣ屯㛔⍿⇞㕤ˬℕᶱ㱽橼⇞˭䘬旸⇞炻ṵ⚢⬰㓡列䱾侴㚱ˬ ⼴ 徨 ˭ 䘬䎦尉ˤ4 湫䥨㠭㍊妶冢䀋䱾㤕屯㛔⎰Ἕ䘬⓷柴炻䘤䎦 1905-1911 ⸜攻⼴徨䘬 㗗㛔⛘屯㛔⍲⢾⚳屯㛔炻1912-1919 ⸜攻⼴徨䘬㗗Ⲟℏ㖍屯炻1920-1927 ⸜攻 ⼴徨䘬㗗ℏ⛘䱾⓮屯㛔炻1928 ⸜⼴⇯⼊ㆸẍℏ⛘屉敍屯㛔䁢ᷣ䘬⯨朊ˤ5 ⼘ ⊾⸛⍇䘬墥䱾 䓊㤕Ṏ怕忊㛔Ⲟ屯㛔 㖍㛔屯㛔䘬䪞䇕炻⎗⏎ 㗈嫱湫 䳡 婒 䘬冢䀋Ṣ屯㛔⼴徨䎦尉湫䥨㠭↮㜸䘬冢䀋䱾㤕屯㛔ℤἝᷳ䉨㱩烎 ⛐䰛䱾䚠⇳䘬⓷柴ᶲ炻⏛做冣㊯昛冢䀋䱾㤕䘬ˬ䰛䱾䚠⇳˭⚈冒 䃞 䑘 ⠫ 㯜⇑姕㕥䘬⼙枧炻ᷣ天䘤䓇⛐ᷕ⊿悐㯜䓘⋨炻⯌℞⛐ᷕ悐ˤ6 恋湤炻⼘⊾⋿⋨ 㗗⏎ḇⰔ䰛䱾 䚠⇳⋨烎䱾㤕⍇㕁㍉⍾ ⋨䘬⓷柴炻匲⣑岄娵䁢 ℞ẍ ⺽ 䘤 墥 䱾 㤕侭冯咿彚攻䘬䳃䇕炻ᷣ天㗗⚈䁢㬌ᶨ⇞⹎䪁⛐㕘⺷墥䱾⟜䘬䩳⟜炻⌣㰺 㚱 夷 ⭂⋨➇ℏ䓀咿㓞屟䘬㪲⇑佑⊁斄Ὢ炻晾䃞⤪㬌炻⌣ᶵ傥⾥䔍忁⇞⹎昌 Ḯᾅ 晄 ⍇ 㕁Ἦ㸸炻ḇ⎗䚋䜋㕘⺷墥䱾㤕㗗⏎农≃㕤咿ἄ䋶⊝ˤ7 ẍᶲ䘬⮰婾⎬㚱℞奨溆冯䞼䨞届䌣炻䫮侭⛐忁ṃ䞼䨞➢䢶ᶲ炻娎 ⚾ ⯙ 忶⍣ 庫⮹㲐シ⇘䘬 㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠䘬攳勺㉻慶 䁢↯ℍ溆炻㍊妶墥䱾䓊 㤕⛐㬌 ᶨ 䨢 攻 䘬 䘤⯽ˤ㔯䪈椾⃰婒㖶20 ᶾ䲨⇅㛇㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡỽẍ冰崟ᶨ㲊攳⡦䅙烎⛇⛘䘬攳 ⡦冯⇑䓐⤪ỽἧ ⼘ ⊾⸛ ⍇ ㆸ 䁢㕘 冰 䘬 䱾㤕 ⋨ ➇ 烎㕘 冰 墥 䱾㤕 䘬 ↮ ⶫ 㚱 ỽ 䈡 刚烎⽆㓡列䱾⇘㕘⺷墥䱾炻䱾㤕䇰⚾⾶㧋塓慵㥳ˣℵ㥳烎勺⛘㉻⡦ 冯咿 彚 ḳ 4 ಏࡡǴȤவჹᑗϐၗ࣮В߮ᏯݾࡕᆵΓၗҁޑӛȥǴȠᆵޗࣴزۑтȡ23ǴȐ1996 ԃ7 ДȑǴ। 83-146Ƕ 5 ذఘǴȤВݯය໔ᆵᑗޑౢ่ᄬϩ——ᆵᑗӝٳޑӆȥȐᆵчǺ୯ҥᆵε ᏢᔮᏢسᅺγፕЎǴ1997ȑǶ 6 ֆػᑪǴȤᆵᑗȨԯᑗ߽࣬ȩୢᚒޑޜ໔ৡ౦Ȑ1895-1954ȑȥȐᆵчǺ୯ҥᆵৣጄεᏢӦ ᏢسറγፕЎǴ2003ȑǶ 7 ಷϺ፥ǴȤᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽਔයচ௦ڗୱڋࡋϐࡼՉȐ1904-1911ȑȥǴȠৣεᆵўᏢൔȡ5Ǵ Ȑ2012 ԃ 12 ДȑǴ। 71-96Ƕ
ẞ䘬䘤䓇㚱ỽ斄Ὢ烎昌Ḯẍᶲ⓷柴炻㛔㔯ḇẩ⚾⮵㚫䣦⛇⛘⍾⼿ˣ䰛 䱾 䚠⇳ˣ 冢䀋Ṣ屯㛔冯㖍㛔Ṣ屯㛔䪞䇕ˣ㚫䣦ℤἝ䘬⓷柴炻冯忶⍣䘬䞼䨞ㆸ㝄⮵娙ˤ 㛔㔯䞼䨞䨢攻ᷣ天䁢冲㽩㯜㹒 ℑⱠ⇘大坢㹒ẍ⊿䘬 㰾䧵㇯⸛⍇ 炻 ⚈ 䭯 ⷭ 斄Ὢ炻㛒傥⎴㗪⮵㽩㯜㹒⋿Ⱡ᷎年䞼䨞ˤ㔯ᷕ媪䘬Ḵ㜿⛘⋨᷎朆䚜 ㍍ㅱ ⮵ ⇘ Ṳ㖍Ḵ㜿捖埴㓧⋨炻侴⊭㊔Ḵ㜿捖ˣ剛剹悱ˣ䪡⠀悱ˣ⣏❶悱ᶨ悐↮炻䞼 䨞 㗪 攻⇯⣏农句⛐ 1900 ⸜旚㱁ⶍḳ攳⥳忚埴炻ẍ军 1930 ⸜⼘⋿⛘⋨塓㖍㛔ᶱᾳ 墥䱾㚫䣦䒄↮䘬忁㭝㛇攻ˤ ⚾ ⚾ᶨġ 㛔㔯䞼䨞䭬⚵ 㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ㰾䧵㇯⸛⍇炷䀘刚悐↮炸 ၗٰྍǺۭკ௦ԾྷࢭǴȤᐜНྛѳচޑӦ༈ϩᆶӦᡂᎂȥǴȠৣεӦࣴزൔȡ11 Ȑ1985 ԃ 3 ДȑǴ। 217Ƕ
ᵊƱ㹿㫲㵨⇕⭶䕂摉刐㆑悌僅䮔㠫悋扬䕂⯙尵
䓊㤕䘬䘤⯽⽭枰℟⁁⛇⛘ˣ⊆≽≃冯屯㛔䫱㡅ẞ炻墥䱾䓊㤕ḇᶵ ἳ⢾ˤ⁛ 䴙墥䱾⎒暨⋩ 检䓚ὧㆸᶨ炻ᷕ⮷昶 䳂⛘ᷣ⌛傥屈㑼暨屯 慹炻彚 㛹 ⊆ ≃ ⃭ 㱃炻Ἦ㸸ḇᶵㆸ⓷柴ˤỮ㗗㖍㱣㗪㛇⭀㕡䧵㤝㍐≽䘬㕘⺷䱾㤕⇯暨⺋ 忼ᶲ 䘦 军 ⋫䓚䘬⛇⛘㍸ὃ䓀咿䧖㢵炻屯㛔㚜㗗⁛䴙䱾䘬㔠⋩炻朆㚱晬⍂屉 ≃ ᶵ⎗烊 咿ἄ㟥➡ˣ咿彚Ἦ㸸ḇ悥暨ẍ⊠婀㕡⺷Ἦ㺧嵛⣏✳墥䱾䘬暨㯪ˤ⇘⸽ 㽩㯜 㹒 ᶳ 㷠⛘⋨℟⁁恋ṃᷣ奨ˣ⭊奨䘬㡅ẞἮ䘤⯽䱾㤕烎Ƌᷧƌ徙㥔䒗⡪䙫㔠╫凮㖗⢥⌧䙫⇡䏥
㽩㯜㹒㰾䧵㇯䘬䭬⚵⺋⍲⼘⊾䷋ˣ暚㜿䷋炻䁢冢䀋朊䧵㚨⣏䘬㰾 䧵㇯炻⛐ ⼘⊾䷋䘬悐↮炻⊿ẍ渧㷗㹒䁢䓴炻⋿ẍ㽩㯜㹒䁢䓴炻大军冢䀋㴟ⲥ炻㜙军 ℓ ⌎ Ⱉ傰炻⣏䲬䁢Ṳ㖍⼘⊾䷋䘬⋿⋨ˤ忁㇯⼊⛘⋨䘬朊䧵⺋忼1,339 ⸛㕡℔慴炻⸛ ⍇朊⛘⊊⋩↮⸛✎炻↮ⶫ姙⣂Ⱄ㕤㽩㯜㹒㯜䲣䘬⣏⮷㱛ⶅˤ㖶㱣31 ⸜炷1898炸 㱛忻嬲怟炻㖶㱣37 ⸜炷1904炸⣏㳒㯜炻㹒⎋ˣ㻊⮞⚺⸬䘬渥❼ˣⰙˣ≈崘 䫱⮷㛹匲⚈⛇⛘㳩⣙侴勺⺊ˤ8 㖶㱣 44 ⸜炷1911炸㳒かἧᷕᶳ㷠倂句慵∝炻 㛹句暊㔋⛇⛘㉳勺炻9 ⣏㬋 2 ⸜炷1913炸ℵ⹎䘤䓇♜慵㳒かˤ10 㬌⋨昌Ḯ㳒㯜 柣ṵ炻㱁かḇ㗗⣑䃞䀥⭛ˤ 㽩㯜㹒⚈㱁㸸⋩↮寸䚃炻㱛⸲ 㶌㱁⛐冲㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠 ⋿Ⱡ⼊ㆸ䭬 ⚵ 䚠 䔞 ⺋ ⣏䘬㱁᷀ˤ11 ⣏㬋 4 ⸜炷1915炸冢䀋䷥䜋⹄忚埴ᾅ⬱㜿婧㞍炻⯌℞㶙⮵梃㱁 ↮ⶫ䘬⛘⋨烊婧㞍䳸㝄䘤䎦▱佑⺛大坢㹒⎋䘬湍冢ᷕ⺛䘬Ḵ㜿炻㗗冢 䀋 梃 㱁⛘㚨⺋䘬⛘⋨炻冢ᷕ⺛Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉ℐ悐炷ṲḴ㜿捖ˣ剛剹悱ˣ➌柕悱 ᶨ悐 炸ˣ 8 Ҟ֮ӀǴȠᆵύԀໂβӦᇞȡȐᆵύǺැᜐΦϼ॔Ǵ1934ȑǴ। 97-98Ƕ 9 ȤᆵύΠኪ॥ߘ্ȥǴȠᅇЎᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1911 ԃ 9 Д 4 ВǴހ 2Ƕ 10 ȤՋᖥຉϐӒॐȥǴȠᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1913 ԃ 7 Д 27 ВǴހ 6Ƕ 11 ྷࢭǴȤᐜНྛѳচޑӦ༈ϩᆶӦᡂᎂȥǴȠৣ εӦࣴزൔȡ11Ȑ1985 ԃ 3 ДȑǴ।215ǶḴ㜿ᶲ⟉炷Ṳ㹒㷾捖ˣḴ㜿捖ˣ❼渥悱ᶨ悐炸ˣ悐↮㶙侽⟉炷Ṳ⼘⊾䷋ 䪡 ⠀ 悱ˣ ⣏❶悱ℐ悐ˣḴ㜿捖ˣ剛剹悱ᶨ悐炸炻㱁⭛朊䧵䲬 8 ⋫⣂䓚炻㚦⮯ 37 ᾳ㛹匲❳ 㰺炻⚈桐㱁勺唒䘬䓘⚺䲬 4 ⋫䓚炻䁢ℐ冢ᷳⅈˤ12 㱁⭛冯㯜か䁢⼘⊾⋿⋨䘤⯽彚 㤕䘬晄䣁炻㖍㱣㗪㛇 㱛ⶅ㔜㱣 旚 㱁 忈 㜿 䘬㍒㕥⣏ⷭ㓡┬㽩㯜㹒彚㤕䑘⠫ˤ㖶㱣33 ⸜炷1900炸炻旚㱁ⶍḳ↮ℑ 㛇攳 ⥳ 忚 埴炻ἧ冲㖍䘬Ḵ㜿ᶲ⟉ˣḴ㜿ᶳ⟉䲬 2,500 䓚䘬㱁᷀⛘⼿⇘⯷晄ˤ13 旚㱁ⶍḳ 㚱㓰⛘㑳ỷ桐㱁炻㯜⇑⺢姕ἧ彚㤕䓇䓊䌯ˣ⎗ὃ⇑䓐䘬⛇⛘⛯⣏⣏㍸ 檀炻侴 ⼿ ẍ忚埴⛇⛘攳⡦䓇䓊彚ἄˤℵ≈ᶲ⣏㬋9 ⸜炷1920炸㽩㯜㹒⺋敲⟌旚ⶍ䦳⬴ ㆸ炻冲㽩㯜㹒徸㻠ㆸ䁢㕟柕㱛炻㗗㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ䘬㱛ⶅ㕘䓇⛘⯙忼 3,591 䓚 ⣂ˤ14 㬋䔞㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ䘬勺⛘徸㻠℟⁁攳⡦䘬㡅ẞ㗪炻㖶㱣35 ⸜炷1902炸䷥䜋 ⹄䘤Ựˬ䱾㤕䋶⊝夷⇯˭炻䋶⊝攳⡦⭀㚱⛘䧖㢵䓀咿ˤ㖶㱣44 ⸜炷1911炸⭀㕡 ⍰ẍˬ冢䀋⭀㚱㢖㜿⍇慶尓䲬岋㷉夷⇯˭炻溻⊝ᾳṢㆾ㚫䣦攳⡦⭀㚱 ⍇ 慶ˤ ⣏ 㬋11 ⸜炷1922炸炻⊠㤕戨埴㬋⺷Ἦ冢䴻䆇⛇⛘攳䘤ˣ忈㜿⍲➌⛛㯜⇑䫱ḳ㤕炻 ㍸ὃ㚱シ㈽屯 䚠斄ḳ㤕侭⽭天䘬圵屯 ˤ⛐忁ṃ㚱⇑㡅ẞ䘬≈ ㊩ᶳ炻 㽩 㯜 㹒 ⊿ Ⱡ炻⺋忼5,000 䓚ẍᶲ䘬⛇⛘炻ㆸ䁢㶭ẋᷕ叱ẍἮ炻冢䀋大悐⸛⍇⛘⋨㚨⺋敲 䘬㕘⡦⋨炻⏠⺽屯㛔⭞䪞䚠㈽ℍ炻侴咿ἄ䘬⊿忚炻ḇἧ忁⣏䇯⛇⛘ㆸ 䁢咿 䱾 䓊 㤕䘬㕘冰⋨ˤ 12 ਥᏵᕴ࿎۬ޑȠᆵߥӼ݅ፓൔȡࡰрǴᆵύޑ०Ӧय़ᑈ 3,681.6818 ҘȐځԛࣁက ޑ2,348.3620 ҘȑǴځύٛ॥݅э1,147.6818 ҘǴߥӼ݅ႣۓӦ 500 ҘǴځдӦᗋଯၲ 2,034 ҘǶୖـᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽǴȠᆵߥӼ݅ፓൔȐ嗬०ٛഢ݅嗬൩嗧ȑȡȐ ᆵчǺᆵᕴ ࿎۬ౢֽǴ1915ȑǴ। 2ǵ19-20Ƕ 13 ᆵύԀጓǴȠᆵύԀཷᢀȐࡿکΜѤԃހȑȡȐᆵύǺᆵύԀǴ1940ȑǴ। 62-63Ƕ 14 ᆵύԀጓǴȠࡿکϖԃᆵύԀᆅϣཷݩϷ٣୍ཷाȡȐᆵύǺᆵύԀǴ1931ȑǴ। 17Ƕ۔БΕѮ ᚐၗߎவ٣ݞοπ٣Ǵݞοݯਏ݀ΜϩؼӳǴځύԋਏനᡉޑࣁᐜНྛǶᏵࡿک13 ԃȐ1938ȑ ޑीǴᐜНྛݞοπำࡼՉϐࡕǴڙय़ᑈ34,790 ҘǴӧ 29 చݞούۚ२Ƕ
Ƌṳƌ哾ὃ䙫⋾怙
㖍㱣⇅㛇炻㬾㮹㓧⹄㈞㢵㖍㕡屯㛔炻⺢䩳㨇㡘⊾㕘⺷䱾⺈炻㓡列墥 䱾㕡 㱽ˤ 㖶㱣35 ⸜炷1902炸炻䷥䜋⹄姕䩳㓡朑䱾㤕䘬ˬ冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨˭炷1902-1911炸炻 ⇞妪㚱⇑㕤䱾㤕䘤⯽䘬㓧䫾Ὣ忚䱾㤕䘤⯽炻℞ᷕ⍰ẍˬ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇ ⇞ ⹎ ˭㚨 䁢慵天ˤ㖶㱣38 ⸜炷1905炸冢䀋⮎㕥⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⇞⹎ẍ⼴炻冢䀋䱾㤕䴻㾇 ㇵ忚ℍ屯㛔ᷣ佑⊾烊傥慷䓊ˣ⍰傥⣏夷㧉ἄ㤕䘬㕘⺷墥䱾ⶍ⟜㗗㬾㮹 㓧⹄䛇 㬋 䋶⊝䘬⮵尉炻Ữ㗗⽆冲⺷䱾⇘㕘⺷䱾⺈炻怬㚱ᾳ㓡列䱾䘬忶㷉ˤ 㖍㛔㬾㮹㓧⹄⛐冢䀋㍐≽䱾㤕䘬⇅㛇炻ẍ⮷✳墥䱾⺈䁢䘤⯽㕡⎹炻15 ẍ⮷✳䘬㕘⺷ 墥䱾⺈ㆾ㓡列䱾䳃䳃 姕䩳炻⯌℞㗗㓡列䱾 㚜Ỡℍ ᷕ 悐 ⁛ 䴙 䧣ἄ⋨炻⎹㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ㋢忚ˤ 䓙㕤1910 ⸜ẋẍ⼴冢䀋⋿悐䘬咿ἄ⋨䴻梥炻ℵ≈ᶲ⽆⢷⦩⣟⺽忚䘬 㓡列咿䧖䍓䐘䪡咿傥怑ㅱ㯜䓘䧖㢵炻㽩㯜㹒㰾䧵㇯䘬彚㤕䑘⠫⍰㖍䙲 㓡 ┬炻⚈ 㬌䷥䜋⹄⮵䱾㤕䘬䋶⊝慵⽫廱䦣⇘㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿䘬⼘⊾ˣ冢ᷕ⛘⋨ˤ⛐ 忁㧋 䘬 ᷣ ⭊奨⚈䳈⇢㽨ᶳ炻㗗⼘⊾⺛⯙㚱4 ⭞㓡列䱾ˤᷕ悐䳛尒㕷㈽ℍ墥䱾䓊㤕 䓂⣂炻昌Ḯ墥䱾䁢⭀㕡䋶⊝䘬䓊㤕ẍ⢾炻⽆ḳ䓊㤕䘤⯽屯慹暨㯪㭟↯炻㬌 ᶨ 昶 㭝㖍㛔㬾㮹㓧⹄⍾㴰⣏䦇㪲炻冢䀋⛘ᷣ䳛⍾⼿䘬⣏䦇墄慹炻㬋⤥ ⼿⇘ 㕘 䘬 ㈽屯䭉忻ˤƋᷰƌ⎽㵯⤎䧆㫱⽳䙫⽘柦凮凡䁊㜓✗岮㜓㴨⏸
㖍Ṣ䁢㔜枻冢䀋攟ᷭẍἮᶨ䓘 ⣂ᷣ䘬䎦尉炻⡆≈䓘 岎㓞ℍ炻侴 㓞 屟 ⣏ 䦇 㪲ˤ㖶㱣37 ⸜炷1904炸㚜ẍ⼳Ẍ⍾㴰ᶨ↯⣏䦇㪲炻侴䓙⭀㕡⮵⎬⣏䦇㪲Ṣㆾ ℞两㈧Ṣ䘤䴎墄慹ㆾ㖍⚻ᷳ℔⁝嫱㚠ˤ⣏䦇㪲䘬㴰㹭炻㗗冢䀋⎚ᶲ ⛇⛘ ⇞ ⹎ 䘬慵天㓡朑炻⮵㬾㮹㓧⹄⎗⡆≈䓘岎㓞ℍ炻⮵㖍䲣屯㛔Ἦ婒炻忚埴⎬ 䧖ḳ 㤕 ㈽ 15 ዛᓰᆵᑗว߃යǴᆵᕴ࿎۬ԖȨελᇙᑗȩޑݾፕǴਔᆵϝЖલᚳεၗҁޑ ΕǴΞឦλၭᔮǴӢԜλᇙᑗЬ௦યǴԶߚаੇѦѱࣁҞޑεᇙᑗೕኳǶՖስ ብǴȤВᏵਔжᆵޑᑗᔼᆶၭ҇ݾȥǴ।2Ƕ屯㗪炻⎗旵Ỷ⛇⛘Ṍ㖻䘬₡㟤ˤ⛐冢䀋⁛䴙ᶨ䓘⣂ᷣ䘬⇞⹎ᶳ炻㕘⺷ 䱾⺈ ⎹ ⮷ 䦇㇞屟ℍ⮷䦇 㪲ᷳ⼴炻晾䃞⎗ẍ⛐℞ ᶲ味⺈炻Ữ㭷⸜ṵ䃞 天⎹⣏ 䦇 ㇞ 丛 ⣏ 䦇炻劍⛇⛘Ṍ㖻ㆸ㛔檀炻ẩ㤕⭞シ栀暋旵Ỷˤ16 ẍ㴰㹭⣏䦇㪲㚱⇑㕤屯㛔 ẩ㤕䘬㳣䴉ˤ 军㕤㊧⇘墄慹䘬⣏䦇㪲Ṣ炻ṾᾹ⛐⁛䴙ˬ㚱⛇㕗㚱屉˭䘬⽫ン ᶳ炻ⷠ㚫 ⮯ㇳᶲ䘬屯慹忚埴ᶵ≽䓊㈽屯炻ㆾ㕘冰ẩ㤕䘬㈽屯炻岤屟⛇⛘䴻䆇彚 ⟜炻⽆ ḳ 䔞⯨䧵㤝䋶⊝ 䘬咿䱾䓇䓊⇯㗗㤝䁢怑 䔞䘬怠㑯炻⯌℞㗗℞屯 㛔柵⎗ ⭡ ⍿ 䘬 㓡 列䱾ˤ20 ᶾ䲨⇅炻䓙冢䀋ᷕˣ⮷✳⛘ᷣ⺢䩳䘬彚⟜墥䱾ⶍ⺈⤪暐⼴㗍䫵炻 㬌䁢⍇⚈ᷳᶨˤ ⛐䱾⊁⯨䘬㓧䫾忳䓐ᶳ炻墥䱾ⶍ㤕䘤⯽⽆㓡列䱾⇘㕘⺷墥䱾炻墥 䱾 㚫䣦 ⇯䓙冢䀋⛐⛘ 屯㛔㚜徕䁢㖍㛔ℏ⛘屯 㛔烊㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ⎗婒℟ 橼侴⽖ ⛘ 堐 䎦 Ḯ 20 ᶾ䲨⇅㛇冢䀋䱾㤕䇰⚾嬲≽䘬㧋ンˤ
᳇Ʊ䮔㠫䄆◔䕂ⶸ㢉Ʊ悋㢉僅⁋㢉
䧣ἄ冯咿ἄ㗗冢䀋䷥䜋⹄䡢䩳ˬ彚㤕冢䀋炻ⶍ㤕㖍㛔˭䘬ℑ⣏ἄ 䈑炻⯌℞ 㚜ẍ⎬䧖㓧䫾冯䓇䓊㈨埻Ἦ㍸⋯䓀咿䓊慷炻夾䱾㤕䁢㋗冰䓊㤕䘬天⊁ˤ17 ⛐ 㬌㓧䫾⿏溻⊝ᶳ炻㖶㱣 33 ⸜炷1900炸冢䀋姕䩳Ḯ㚨㖑㕘⺷䱾⺈ˬ冢䀋墥䱾㟒 ⺷㚫䣦˭炻ⶍ⺈姕㕤檀晬㧳Ṽ柕ˤ18 㖶㱣35 ⸜炷1902炸㗪ả㬾䓊⯨攟䘬彚⬠⌂⢓㕘㷉㇞䧣忈㍸↢冢䀋˨䱾㤕 㓡列シ夳㚠˩炻19 ䷥䜋⹄⍫侫℞シ夳炻㕤昼⸜ 6 㚰 14 㖍ẍ⼳Ẍ䫔 5 嘇枺ⶫ˨冢 16 ֆᖃ௵ǴȤεચβӦڋࡋϐϩȥȐ2010 ԃ 11 ДȑǴ। 16-20ǴΠၩВයǺ2015 ԃ 10 Д 8 ВǴᆛ ֟Ǻhttp://econ.ccu.edu.tw/manage/20110314.pdfǶֆᖃ௵ǵЕຫက߾ǴȤεચ䃰βӦڋࡋ喘ϩ ȥǴԏܭԴοቼ഻ǵ҉㾇ݓǵك嗒ࠤذӓǵҥ௲ε䗄㱃㯹䗄ጓǴȠ҇ӦѠ㵈喘㱃㯹喒ޗ 㜘ȡȐܿ٧ǺВҁᔮຑፕޗǴ2011ȑǴ। 15-38Ƕ 17 Ҡϣচ۸ǵڬᏦЎǴȠВҁࡆ୯ЬကΠϐᆵȡȐᆵчǺੇᏢೌрހޗǴ1999ȑǴ। 243Ƕ 18 Ҳᛯख़॔ǴȠᆵᇙᑗਲ਼ԄޗўȡȐܿ٧Ǻᆵᇙᑗਲ਼Ԅޗܿ٧р܌Ǵ1939ȑǴ। 112-132Ƕ 19 Ȥᑗׯؼཀـਜȥύගрׯؼᒤݤ 7 ǴߥៈዛᓰБਢ 11 ǴаϷԖᜢᑗࡼԋҥ 14䀋䱾㤕䋶⊝夷⇯˩炻20 ᷣ天䚖䘬⛐⺽忚䱾↮⏓慷檀䘬咿䧖ˣ㓡┬墥䱾㕡㱽ˣ䋶 ⊝⽆ḳ䱾㤕侭炻⯌℞溻⊝屯㛔⭞㈽屯䱾㤕炻㍍叿ㆸ䩳冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨炷 ẍ ᶳ 䯉 䧙䱾⊁⯨炸ˤ 㖶㱣38 ⸜炷1905炸冢䀋䷥䜋⹄⍰ẍ⹄Ẍ䫔 38 嘇䘤ⶫ˨墥䱾⟜⍾䶈夷⇯˩炻 ℞ᷕ慵天䘬夷⭂㚱烉 1. 䱾⊁⯨攟姙⎗㕘姕ㆾ嬲㚜㕘⺷墥䱾⺈㓡列䱾㗪炻∫⭂℞⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨ ➇ˤġ 2. ⛐⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨ℏ炻㛒䴻冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨姙⎗炻ᶵ傥姕䩳冲⺷䱾ˤġ 3. 㤕侭⽭枰屟ℍ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨䘬䓀咿炻娚⋨䘬䓀咿㛒䴻姙⎗ᶵ⼿㏔↢娚⋨➇炻 ㆾὃ墥䱾ẍ⢾ἧ䓐ˤġ 䓙ᶲ徘夷⭂⎗䞍炻ˬ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⇞⹎˭ᷣ天⛐䋶⊝㕘⺷墥䱾⺈ 㓡 列䱾 炻᷎㌺㒈冢䀋屯㛔䁢ᷣ䘬冲⺷䱾炻⚈㬌1905 ⸜ẍ⼴炻冲⺷䱾㔠慷樇旵ˤ ⎎⢾炻咿彚⛐䱾⊁⯨∫⭂䘬⍇㕁⋨➇ℏ炻⎒傥⮯⍇㕁䓀咿Ṍ䴎Ⱄ䱾 ⺈炻䃉 ⽆ 冒䓙屑岋炻忁ḇ䫱⎴䓙⺈㕡䇯朊⢇㕟₡㟤ˤ䱾⊁⯨䘬夷⭂⎗䡢ᾅ墥䱾 ⺈䘬 ⍇ 㕁 ὃㅱ炻ḇ傥旵Ỷ屯㕡岤伖⍇㕁䘬ㆸ㛔炻⌣ᶵ⇑㕤㍸ὃ⍇㕁䘬咿彚ˤ ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨⇞⹎⎹Ἦ塓夾䁢∅⇲咿彚䘬ˬら㱽˭炻娵䁢㬾㮹㓧⹄ 䘬 䚖 䘬⛐ ㈞㢵㕘⺷墥䱾㚫䣦炻⯌℞㗗㖍屯㚫䣦ˤḳ⮎ᶲˬ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⇞⹎˭ḇ㚱 ℞ 䧵 㤝朊炻⚈䁢℞ 㡅㔯ᷕ㍸⇘ㅱ⃩姙㍉⍾ ⋨➇ℏ咿彚↢屯ℍ偉ˣ ㅱ㍸ὃ 屯 㛔 ㆾ 咿 剿ˣ偍㕁ˣ彚℟䴎Ḱ⋨➇ℏ⽆ḳ䓀咿㓡列⍲⡆䓊䘬咿彚炻ẍ㍸⋯咿ἄ ㈨ 埻ˤ匲 ⣑岄㚦㊯↢忁 ⇞⹎昌Ḯᾅ晄㕘⺷墥䱾 ⍇㕁Ἦ㸸ẍ⢾炻ḇ⎗䚋 䜋㕘⺷ 墥 䱾 㤕 㗗 ⏎农≃㕤咿ἄ䋶⊝ˤ21 䁢ỽ㕘⺷墥䱾暨天⇞⭂㍉⍾⋨➇ᾅ晄⍇㕁䘬暨㯪烎20 ᶾ䲨⇵⼴炻墥䱾㈨埻ˣ㨇℟ᶵ㕟㓡列忚㬍ᷳ㗪炻墥䱾㨇㡘䘬⍇㕁⏆⎸ 慷⣏ ⷭ ⡆ ≈炻冯⁛䴙咿ㆾ㓡列䱾㕡⺷⣏䚠徽⹕炻ẍ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇䘬∫⭂ ḇ 㕘 ⺷ ǶහΦتǵࢫ൧ϡǴȤᆵᕴ࿎۬ᑗߥៈࡹϐวȥǴԏܭΟǵఆ҉کЬጓǴȠᆵ ўፕᘀȐಃᒠȑȡȐᆵчǺЎǴ1980ȑǴ। 384-387Ƕ 20 ႧѲȤᆵᑗዛᓰೕ߾ȥޑࡓзಃ 5 ဦǴ၁ـȠ۬ൔȡಃ 1172 ဦǴ1902 ԃ 6 Д 14 ВǴ। 27Ƕ 21 ಷϺ፥ǴȤᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽਔයচ௦ڗୱڋࡋϐࡼՉȐ1904-1911ȑȥǴ। 72Ƕ
䘬㨇㡘墥䱾暨䘬䓇䓊夷㧉㚱斄ˤ
Ƌᷧƌ壤䲽㉧堺䙫䙣ⰼ凮⎆㖀㎈⎽⌧∝⺍
⮵墥䱾㤕侭Ἦ婒炻䡢ᾅ墥䱾⍇㕁Ἦ㸸㗗䴻䆇䘬天ẞˤ冢䀋⁛䴙䘬 冲 ⺷ 䱾 ⎹Ἦ㍉䓐ˬ↮䱾㱽˭炻彚㮹⛐ᶨ⭂䘬⣹䲬ᶳ炻⮯⍇㕁㍸ὃ䴎墥䱾㤕侭 ⡻ 㥐炻 䓊 ⑩䓙彚㮹冯㤕侭⎬↮⼿ḼḼㆾ⚃ℕˤ22 㖍㱣㗪㛇㓧⹄㍐⺋䘬⣏✳㕘⺷墥䱾炻 暨天䘬⍇㕁慷⣏⡆炻⁛䴙䘬↮䱾㱽ㆾ⎹彚㮹䚜㍍岤屟䓀咿墥忈炻悥ᶵ 傥䡢 ᾅ ⶍ ⺈暨䘬⍇㕁慷ˤẍ冢䀋㚨㖑⺢䩳䘬㕘⺷墥䱾冢䀋墥䱾㟒⺷㚫䣦炷1900 ⸜炸 䁢ἳ炻℞⡻㥐傥≃ᶨ㘅⣄䁢 250 ☠炻㴰便⍇㕁䓀咿 423,353 㕌炻23 ẍ㭷䓚䓀咿 ⸜䓊慷4 叔㕌Ἦ妰䬿炻ᶨ⣑暨 10 䓚咿䓘䘬⍇㕁慷ˤ㨇☐攳ⶍ⼴ᶵ 忳廱炻墥 䦳攟忼3-5 ᾳ㚰ˤ㭷⣑忚⺈䘬⍇㕁㔠慷ˣ⎬⋨咿䓘㍉㓞䘬㗪攻ˣ忚⹎ˣⶍἄṢ ≃ˣṌ忂忳廠䫱䫱悥⽭枰䱦⭮䴙妰炻㌺⤥㗪攻ὅ⸷廠復⇘䱾⟜炻忚ℍ 墥 䦳ˤ昛 朄䎖⛐℞婾㔯㚦ẍ墥䱾ⶍ㤕㚨㖑䘤⯽⛘⋨䘬㕿⯦炻㭼庫⎬栆墥䱾䘬䓇 䓊㡅 ẞˤ 堐 堐ᶨġ 㕿⯦⎬栆墥䱾䴻䆇㕡⺷㭼庫堐 䴻䆇㕡⺷ 冲⺷䱾 㓡列䱾 㕘⺷墥䱾 ≽≃ 䈃≃䞛干 䞛㱡䘤≽㨇 暣傥≽≃㨇㡘 ⡻㥐傥≃ 炷 炷㖍炸 20 ☠ẍᶳ 20-30 ☠ 㔠䘦☠ẍᶲ 炷忂ⷠ⋫☠ẍᶲ炸 㥐↢䌯 50% 68% 94% 䱾⹎ 74-86 74-86 97 咿ἄ夷㧉 ᶨ15 䓚 ᶨ䘦䓚 30 ℔枫䱾⺈⺢⛘ 2,000 ℔枫侽⛘ 墥䱾Ṣⶍ㔠 15ˣ16 Ṣ – 㚨⣂㗪600 Ṣ ၗٰྍǺഋᓉ੦ǴȤӦБЁࡋޑຏǺᄡ׀ᑗЎϯޑᡂᎂȥȐᆵчǺ୯ҥᆵεᏢӦᕉნၗ ྍᏢࣴز܌റγፕЎǴ2008ȑǴ। 107Ƕ 22 ଯᐏᓫӓǴȠжᆵᔮፕȡȐᆵчǺࠄϺਜֽǴ1995ǹ1937 ԃচтȑǴ। 241Ƕ 23 Ҳᛯख़॔ǴȠᆵᇙᑗਲ਼ԄޗўȡǴ। 115Ƕ⽆堐ᶨ⎗䞍炻㕘⺷墥䱾䘬⡻㥐傥≃⽆㔠䘦☠⇘⋫☠ẍᶲ炻㗗冲⺷䱾 䘬10 ⇘䘦ˤ咿⚺朊䧵冲⺷䱾ᶨ15 䓚炻3 ⻝ᶵ忶 50 䓚ⶎ⎛炻㕘⺷䱾⺈⌣ ⎗⺋忼2,000 䓚ˤ㕘䘬墥䱾䥹㈨夷㧉炻䴻⣏⣏ᶵ⎴㕤⁛䴙墥䱾䘬ⶍ⸷䓇 䓊㡅ẞ烊墥䱾㛇攻㖍⣄ᶵ 忳廱䘬㨇☐炻⯙⁷㯠ᶵ梥嵛䘬䋃䌠炻暨天 ᶵ㕟 䘬 ⏆ ♍⣏慷䓀咿炻 忁ṃ墥䱾⍇㕁悥天䴻忶 慷⊾冯妰䬿炻㸾㗪復忚 ⶍ⺈ẍ 㨇 ☐ 䨢 廱ˤ䁢Ḯ⍇㕁䘬暨㯪炻咿ἄ朊䧵䘬䡢ᾅ㗗䴻䆇㕘⺷墥䱾䘬ˬ䃎ㄖ˭ᷳᶨˤ ỵ㕤㧳Ṽ柕炷Ṳ檀晬ⶪ㧳柕⋨炸䘬冢䀋墥䱾㟒⺷㚫䣦炻⎴⋨ℏ㚱30 ⣂ᾳ 冲⺷䱾炻䳸㝄㖶㱣34 ⸜炷1901炸咿䱾䓇䓊㛇⯙䘤䓇⍇㕁䘬䇕⤒炻䓂军樂≽ 㮹㓧攟⭀⼴喌㕘⸛奒冒↢楔炻冯⸬攟ˣ⛘㕡㚱≃Ṣ⢓ℙ⎴⎹咿彚婒㖶炻Ữ ㆸ 㓰 㚱旸ˤ24 昌Ḯ⍇㕁䘬䇕⤒ˣ㓞岤₡㟤ḇ⚈暨㯪⣂侴徥檀Ḯㆸ㛔ˤ劍㗗㕘⺷墥䱾 ᶵ㕟㍐⺋炻ⶍ⺈㔠⡆⣂炻⍇㕁ᶵ嵛⮶农䘬䓇䓊ㆸ㛔㍸檀ˣ⍇㕁䇕⤒ね 㱩⮯ 暋 ẍ ゛⁷炻㬌䁢⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨⇞⹎㗗䘤⯽㕘⺷墥䱾䘬⽭天ˤ 嵛⣈䘬⍇㕁Ἦ㸸炻暨天⺋⣏䘬⛇⛘ẍὃ咿ἄ炻⼘⊾⸛⍇咿ἄ䘬⛇ ⛘ Ἦ 㸸䁢 ỽ烎䱾㤕⍰㗗⾶㧋⺢㥳崟Ἦ䘬烎
Ƌṳƌ⽗⋽⹚⎆䲽㥔䩡敺䙫⻡㦲
⼘⊾⸛⍇⽆㶭ẋᷕ叱ẍ⼴⯙塓 䧙䁢冢䀋䘬䰛ᾱ炻ḳ ⮎ᶲ⣏䲬⽆ Ḵ 㯜 ⇘ 渧 㷗ˣ䤷冰ᶨ䶂ẍ⊿䘬ℓ⟉⛛㿴㸱⋨ㇵ㗗ᷣ天䘬㯜䓘↮ⶫ⋨炻⣏㤪䚠䔞㕤 1900 ⸜ẋ䘬䅽曏ᶲ⟉ˣ䅽曏ᶳ⟉ˣ㬎大⟉ˣ㬎㜙⟉ˣ㜙坢㜙⟉ˣ楔剅⟉ᶨ悐 ↮烊Ṏ ⌛1920 ⸜ẋ䘬⒉㜿悉䭬⚵炻⊭㊔⒉㜿埿ˣḴ㯜⸬ˣ䓘ᷕ⸬ˣ䣦柕⸬ˣ㯠曾⸬ˣ ❼渥⸬ˣ❼⽫⸬ˣ㹒㷾⸬ˤḴ㜿ᶲ⟉ˣḴ㜿ᶳ⟉ˣ㶙侽⟉ˣ㜙坢大⟉炻Ṏ ⌛ ⼴ Ἦ䘬⊿㔿悉炻⇯ᶵ㗗ℓ⟉⛛㿴㸱⋨炻ḇ朆䰛ἄᷣ≃⋨ˤ 㟡㒂㖶㱣38 ⸜䘬炷1905炸婧㞍炻⼘⊾⺛䘬㯜䧣朊䧵ˣ㓞䨓慷ẍ⍲╖ỵ朊 䧵䓊慷䘮䁢ℐ冢⎬⺛ᷳⅈˤỮ㗗⼘⊾⺛ℏ⎬⟉彚㤕䓇䓊慷ⶖ䔘⌣㤝⣏烊㯜 䓘 朊 䧵ẍ楔剅⟉炷Ṳ渧㷗捖ˣ䤷冰悱ˣ❼渥悱ᶨⷞ炸䘬6,268 䓚㚨檀炻⌈⼘⊾⺛㯜 24 Ҳᛯख़॔ǴȠᆵᇙᑗਲ਼ԄޗўȡǴ। 126-127Ƕ䓘䘬 19.91%烊Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉䘬 305 䓚㚨⮹炻⌈⼘⊾⺛ 0.97%ˤ㭷䓚䘬㓞䨓慷⇯ẍ 㬎㜙⟉炷Ṳ⒉㜿捖ˣ䓘ᷕ捖ᶨ悐↮炸䘬 32.22 䞛㚨檀炻㚨Ỷ怬㗗Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉䘬 14.58 䞛ˤ25 ⚈㬌炻䱾㤕ᶨ攳⥳⺞Ỡ⇘㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿㗪炻ᶨ凔Ṣ怬㗗娵䁢⼘⊾⺛䁢 䰛䓊⛘炻ᶵ⎗䁢䱾㤕⛘炻⎒㚱Ḵ㜿⛘⋨䘬⺋㻈⣏⍇慶炻ㇵ㗗䘤⯽咿ἄ䘬⛘⋨ˤ26 Ḵ㜿⛘⋨ỵ㕤Ṳ㖍⼘⊾䷋大⋿炻⛘䔞冲㽩㯜㹒㽩㯜㹒㰾䧵㇯ᶲ炻䁢 䚜 ㍍㈧ ⍿㴟桐䘬⸛⍇炻㭷⸜⽆ 11 㚰崟⇘㫉⸜ 3 㚰䁢⻟䁰⬋桐㛇ˤ㬌ᶨˬ桐柕㯜⯦˭ 䘬⛘⋨炻彚㤕㡅ẞᶵἛ炻ẍ侸㖙ἄ䈑䁢ᷣˤ咿ἄ枰天㹓㘾䘬㯋῁炻㚨 怑⎰ 䘬 㹓 ⹎⸜⛯㹓ṳ㕤 24-25ƱC炻䚠⮵㽽⹎ẍ 65-75%㚨Ἓ炻冯春䄏侨ˤ⸛✎䘬⛘⼊⇯ 㚱⇑㕤⍇㕁䓀咿䘬㏔忳ˤ27 Ḵ㜿⛘⋨䘬⸜⛯㹓䁢 22.3ƱC炻⸜⸛⛯㽽⹎ 83%ⶎ ⎛炻⛘⊊⸛✎炻ⓗℍ⅔⼴桐⊊庫䁢⻟≩炻桐⊊忈ㆸ䘬㱁⭛㯜か炻㗗 㚨℟ ⦩ 傭 䘬⣑䃞䀥⭛ˤ28 ᶵ⎒Ḵ㜿⛘⋨炻冲㽩㯜㹒㳩➇⚈㱁⭛ㆾ㳒か侴㉳勺䘬⛇⛘朊䧵⺋敲炻⛐⭀ 㕡㞍⭂⛇⛘ẍ⼴炻忁ṃ勺⛘⣂ㆸ䁢⭀㚱⛘ˬ⍇慶˭炻㬋怑⎰暨天⣏䇯 ⛇⛘ ⺢ 姕 ⶍ⺈冯㍐⺋咿⚺䘬㕘⺷䱾㤕炻侴䱾㤕䋶⊝夷⇯ᷕ䘬⸦枭夷⭂炻㚜㚱⇑ 㕤䱾 㤕 ⛐ Ḵ㜿⛘⋨䘬㉻⯽ˤ 㖶㱣35 ⸜炷1902炸䷥䜋⹄℔ⶫ˨冢䀋䱾㤕䋶⊝夷⇯˩炻姕䩳冐㗪䱾⊁⯨ˤ 䔞㗪枺Ự䘬䋶⊝夷⇯ᷣ天㚱烉 1. 㟥➡䓀咿冯䴻䆇䱾㤕侭炻䴻䷥䜋⹄娵⎗⼴炻⎗⼿⇘咿剿冯偍㕁墄≑ˣ攳⡦ 屣䓐ᷳ墄≑ˣ㿴㸱⍲㌺㯜屣䓐墄≑ˣ墥䱾☐℟⍲℞Ṿ⮎䈑ᷳ䋶≑ㆾῇ屠ˤ 2. 䴻䆇䱾㤕侭⤪傥㴰屣⭂柵ᷳ⍇㕁炻⼿䴎Ḱ墄≑慹ˤ 3. ⽆ḳˬ⭀㚱⛘˭ᷳ攳⡦㢵咿侭炻⭀㕡䃉屠冯⛇⛘炻攳⡦ㆸ≇⼴炻䃉䴎 Ḱ⛇⛘ˤ 25 ᖏਔᆵβӦፓֽǴȠҖԏᛘϷλચፓਜȡȐᆵчǺᖏਔᆵβӦፓֽǴ1905ȑǴ।226-250Ƕ 26 Ȥᄆϯጧ༜ϷᑗȥǴȠᅇЎᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1907 ԃ 12 Д 20 ВǴހ 3Ƕ 27 ᔭαᄪԛ॔ǴȤಃΒ ಃΒക ᑗȥǴԏܭᆵᔮԃൔтՉጓǴȠᆵᔮԃൔȐࡿکΜϤ ԃހȑȡȐܿ٧Ǻ୯ሞВҁڐǴ1941ȑǴ। 176-177Ƕ 28 ഋऍႍǴȤԾฅᕉნȥǴԏܭࢫֹᕴጓᝪǴȠΒ݅ᙼדȐȑȡȐᄆϯǺΒ݅ᙼϦ܌Ǵ2000ȑǴ। 82-84Ƕ
4. 䁢㟥➡䓀咿侴姕㕥ᷳ㿴㸱㌺㯜ⶍ䦳炻⼿䃉䴎Ḱ⭀㚱⛘ˤ ˨冢䀋䱾㤕䋶⊝夷⇯˩怑䓐㕤 ℐ冢炻Ữ㗗大悐⸛⍇ ⛐㶭ᷕ叱攳 䘤 ⯙ 梥 炻天⼿⇘䘤⯽⽆ḳ⣏夷㧉咿ἄ䘬⛇⛘᷎ᶵ⭡㖻炻⌛ἧ⭀㕡┬シ慳↢ ⭀ 㚱⛘炻 ℞朊䧵冯ỵ伖 ḇᶵᶨ⭂䫎⎰墥䱾⺈䘬 暨㯪炻Ữ㗗⼘⊾⋿⋨⇯ ℟⁁Ḯ ⛇ ⛘ 䘬 ⃒ ⊊ˤ⛐㓧⹄䘬䋶⊝ᶳ咿ἄ徸㻠㍐⺋炻㖶㱣40 ⸜炷1907炸⎬⟉䘬䓚㔠冯㓞䨓慷 ⤪ᶳ烉 堐 堐Ḵġ 1907 ⸜⼘⊾⎬⟉㢵咿㤪㱩ᶨ奥堐 ⟉慴⇍ 䧖㢵朊䧵炷䓚炸 㓞䨓慷炷㕌炸 䶂㜙⟉ 63.29 2,983,600 䶂大⟉ 49.54 1,465,780 楔剅⟉ 197.51 6,458,750 㜙坢㜙⟉ 149.85 6,681,120 㜙坢大⟉ 512.56 24,892,200 㬎㜙⟉ 1.10 35,200 㬎大⟉ 0.36 11,240 Ḵ㜿ᶲ⟉ 223.63 6,446,040 Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉ 186.97 7,733,850 㶙侽⟉ 132.06 3,992,400 妰 1,516.87 60,700,180 ၗٰྍǺȤᄆϯጧ༜ϷᑗȥǴȠᅇЎᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1907 ԃ 12 Д 20 ВǴހ 3Ƕ 䓙堐Ḵ⎗䞍⼘⊾⎬⟉㢵咿䘬䓚㔠ẍ㜙坢大⟉炷⣏䲬䁢⊿㔿埿ˣ➌ 柕⸬ˣ㹒 ⶆ⸬炸㚨檀炻℞㫉䁢Ḵ㜿ᶲ⟉炷⊭㊔ṲḴ㜿捖㜙⊿悐ˣ㹒㷾捖大悐⍲ ❼渥 悱 大 ⋿悐炸炻⎬⟉䘬咿ἄ㔠⫿炻⮎冯㓡列䱾姕䩳䘬⛘⋨冯夷㧉㚱斄炻℞ 夷㧉 㔠 慷⍰冯⛐⛘屯 㛔䘬㈽ℍ䚠斄ˤ㓡列䱾 冯⁛䴙䱾ᷣ天䘬ⶖ ⇍⎒⛐ ⡻ 㥐 ⶍ ℟ 䓙䈃≃䞛干廱䁢㞜㱡㨇≽≃炻⚈㓰傥㍸檀炻ᶨ⎗⭡⍿ᶲ䘦䓚䘬咿⚺ 䓇 䓊慷炻 军㕤℞Ṿ䘬㨇 ℟ˣ姕⁁冯䨢攻冯⁛䴙 ⶖ⇍ᶵ⣏炻怑⎰ᷕ⮷✳ 屯㛔⭞ 䘬 夷 㧉 ˤ
1905-1910 ⸜㗗⼘⊾⸛⍇墥䱾䓊㤕䘤⯽⇅㛇炻䔞㗪㍐⺋咿ἄ䘬ᷣ天䁢冢䀋⛐⛘ 屯㛔䘬㓡列䱾炻⼘⊾⸛⍇䘬墥䱾䓊㤕䨢攻冯夷㧉ḇᶨᶨ⺢㥳Ḯ崟Ἦˤ 堐 堐ᶱġ 㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ㓡列䱾ᶨ奥堐炷1905-1908炸 䱾⎵䧙 ∝䩳 㗪 㗪攻 ∝䩳侭 ⶍ⟜Ⱄ⿏ ⛘⋨ 㨇℟/㖍㖍⡻ 㥐慷 ⁁姣 ⊿㔿墥䱾 1905 㜿ㄞⰸ 㓡列䱾 㜙坢㜙⟉⛛ˣ 㜙坢大⟉䈃䧈Ṽ 呠㯋/80 ☠ 12 ⹏冲⺷ 䱾㔜⎰ ⣏㌺㱁 墥䱾ⶍ⟜ 1907 昛㠻ㆸ 㓡列䱾 ⣏㌺㱁⸬䫱Ḵ㜿 ᶲ⟉悐↮ 䞛㱡/40 ☠ 哉㗍㴟 1907 哉㗍㴟 㓡列䱾 㹒㷾⸬䫱Ḵ㜿ᶲ ⟉悐↮⍲⚃⟲⍅ ⸬䫱楔剅⟉悐↮ 呠㯋/60 ☠ ⮯冲⺷䱾 㒜⻝䁢 㓡列䱾 劙⓮ ⿉姀⓮㚫 1907 劙⓮⿉ 姀⓮㚫 㓡列䱾 ⊿㔿埿㜙坢大⟉ 悐↮⍲㴟寸ⳁ⸬ 䫱㜙坢㜙⟉悐↮ 呠㯋/60 ☠ 彄栗㥖 1907 彄栗㥖 㓡列䱾 ᶱ䚩⸬䫱楔剅 ⟉ˣ䞛➌⸬Ḵ㜿 ᶲ⟉ᷳᶨ悐 呠㯋/80 ☠ 怟䦣㔿ℕ 墥䱾⡻ 㥐㨇军㬌 彄栗㥖 1908 彄栗㥖 㓡列䱾 㜙坢大⟉忋Ṍ⍅ ⸬ᶨⷞ 呠㯋/160 ☠ ၗٰྍǺਥᏵಷϺ፥ǴȤᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽᆶᆵཥᇙᑗϐวȐ1902-1911ȑȥȐᆵчǺ୯ҥᆵ ৣጄεᏢᐕўᏢسറγፕЎǴ2011ȑǴ। 392-395 Ƕ 㖶㱣38 ⸜炷1905炸⊿㔿㜿ㄞⰸ䫱Ṣ椾攳℞䪗炻Ṿ冯傆⻇㜿ㄞ岊ˣ嫅ṩ岊 ⍲ℙ⎴䳬䷼⊿㔿墥䱾炻ᶨℙ㔜⎰ 12 ⹏冲⺷䱾炻⎰偉䘬 3 Ṣ悥⣏㚱Ἦ柕ˤ㜿 ㄞⰸ炷1861-1911炸⊿㔿墥䱾䷥彎炻䁢⊿㔿㛃㕷炻㚦ả⊿㔿ᾅ列⯨攟ˣ⼘⊾䷋ˣ 冢ᷕ⺛⍫ḳˣ㜙坢大⟉⟉攟炻ḇ䴻䆇旧䇯ḳ㤕炻᷎㚦䌚䳛䪈ˤ29 㜿ㄞ岊⛐㖶㱣 28 ⸜炷1895炸ả⊿㔿ᾅ列⯨攟炻㖶㱣 31ˣ32 ⸜炷1898ˣ1899炸攻炻⚈捖㑓㈿ 㖍ấ⫸㚱≇炻㖶㱣 35 ⸜炷1902炸䌚㌰⊛䪈炻30 ḇ㚦ả㜙坢大⟉⟉攟ˣ⊿㔿⋨ 29 ᇻᛯլρǴȠΓЎ⽥ȡȐᆵࠄǺᇻᛯቪᓔǴ1921ȑǴ। 280Ƕ 30 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ጓǴȠᆵӈಓȡȐᆵчǺᆵᕴ࿎۬Ǵ1916ȑǴ। 206-207Ƕ
攟ℤᶳ曠⋨攟ˤ31 嫅ṩ岊㚦⛐㖶㱣 39 ⸜炷1906炸㑼ả⊿㔿⋨攟炻䴻䆇䱾䰛Ḽ䧨 ⓮炻ḇ∝䩳彚⟜ℤ䆇梲尔㤕炻⍰䳬䷼ㄞ㸸⓮埴⽆ḳ偍㕁ˣ䰛䱾⍲Ḽ䧨屟岋䫱炻32 㟡㒂㖶㱣43 ⸜炷1910炸12 㚰婧㞍䴙妰炻℞屉䓊䁢⊿㔿埿ᷳ椾ˤ ⊿㔿埿⽆㶭ẋᷕ叱ẍ⼴炻⯙㗗⼘⊾慵天⓮㤕埿倮炻⛘㕡䳛䳗䧵 ᷳ 屉 ⎗ 奨炻ẍ⊿㔿墥䱾䁢㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿䫔ᶨᾳ姕䩳䘬㓡列䱾᷎ᶵシ⢾炻℞ 夷㧉 䁢 呠 㯋✳/㭷㖍⡻㥐慷 80 ☠炻夷㧉㫉㕤彄栗㥖墥䱾ˤ 㖶㱣40 ⸜炷1907炸ẍ⼴⍰㚱 4 ⭞㓡列䱾烊昛㠻ㆸḴ㜿⣏㌺㱁⸬Ṣ炻ᶨ 攳⥳䴻䆇䰛䧨ḳ㤕炻⼨Ἦ⣏映冯冢䀋ᷳ攻炻㚦ảᾅ㬋ˣḴ㜿⸬⋼嬘⒉ˣ㋗ 冰 㚫 㚫攟䫱借炻1907 ⸜姕⣏㌺㱁墥䱾ⶍ⟜炻ỵ㕤Ḵ㜿ᶲ⟉⣏㌺㱁⸬ᶨⷞ炻夷㧉庫 ⮷炻㨇℟䁢䞛㱡≽≃炻㭷㖍⡻㥐慷40 ☠ˤ33 哉㗍㴟⣏偂⸬Ṣ炻䴻䆇䰛䧨ˣ㧇儎墥忈㤕↢幓炻㚦ả冢䀋墥湣㚫䣦 ⍾䶈 ⼡ˣ ⣏偂⸬⋼嬘⒉炻㚦䌚䳛䪈炻1907 ⸜⮯冲⺷䱾㒜⻝䁢㓡列䱾炻⛘⋨⛐Ḵ㜿 ᶲ⟉㹒㷾⸬䫱悐↮⍲楔剅⟉⚃⟲⍅⸬悐↮炻㨇℟䁢呠㯋✳≽≃炻㭷㖍⡻㥐 慷 60 ☠ˤ34 劙⓮⿉姀⓮㚫⍇⛐⋿悐䘤⯽䱾㤕炻㖶㱣39 ⸜炷1906炸㕤ᶱⲩ⸿炷Ṳ冢⋿ 㯠炸⺢䩳墥䱾⟜炻昼⸜ḇ⮯妠奺Ỡℍ㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿炻≈ℍᷕ悐䘬䱾㤕 ㇘ ⟜炻℞ 姕䩳⛘溆⛐㜙坢大⟉⊿㔿埿悐↮⍲㜙坢㜙⟉㴟寸ⳁ⸬炻㨇℟䁢呠㯋✳ ≽ ≃炻㭷 㖍⡻㥐慷60 ☠ˤ35 ⼘⊾⸛⍇忁ᶨ㲊䘬㕘姕䱾炻屯㛔㚨晬⍂䘬怬㗗㖍㱣㗪㛇ⳃ崟䘬 彄 栗 㥖ˤ 彄栗㥖⛐楔剅⟉ᶱ䚩⸬ˣ㜙坢大⟉忋Ṍ⍅⸬姕䩳㓡列䱾炻忋Ṍ⍅⸬ 忼⇘ ╖ 㖍 ⡻㥐慷160 ☠炻ℑ嗽䓇䓊慷ℙ妰 240 ☠炻ㆸ䁢䔞㗪㓡列䱾ᷳⅈˤ36 昌Ḯ姕 31 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ᙍᒵسǴᘤំВයǺ2017 ԃ 3 Д 4 ВǴᆛ֟Ǻhttp://who.ith.sinica.edu.tw/Ƕ 32 ᇻᛯլρǴȠΓЎ⽥ȡǴ। 280Ƕ 33 ᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽጓǴȠᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽಃϤԃൔȡȐᆵࠄǺᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽǴ1908ȑǴ। 154Ƕ 34 Ȥᝀၗߎ喘ՉБȥǴȠᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1909 ԃ 8 Д 22 ВǴހ 3Ƕ 35 Ȥᄆϯ喘ѦᇙᑗȥǴȠᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1907 ԃ 8 Д 25 ВǴހ 4Ƕ 36 Ȥᑗ߈ᆪȥǴȠᅇЎᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1908 ԃ 7 Д 11 ВǴހ 3Ƕ
䩳䱾ẍ⢾炻攳勺䧖咿ḇ⼿⇘䷥䜋⹄䘬溻⊝炻Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉勱㷾⸬昛倯ᾖ ῇ⭀ 㚱 ⍇ 慶14.74 䓚炻㶙侽⟉➌儛⸬㳒攟ˣ㳒懿ℙ⎴ῇ屠 9.7 䓚⭀㚱⍇慶 䁢䓀咿侽ἄ ᷳ⛘炻37 ᶨ㗪ᷳ攻䱾㤕⾓忇䘤⯽ˤ 䔞ㆹᾹ⮯ẍᶲ䱾ỵ伖⛘⋨㧁 䣢⛐⛘⚾⼴炻⎗奨⮇ ⇘㕘姕䘬㓡 列 䱾 ⸦ ᷶悥↮ⶫ㕤冲㽩㯜㹒ℑ“炷夳⚾Ḵ炸炻忁ṃ䱾冯℞咿ἄ⋨ᷳẍ伭 ↿㕤 Ḵ 㯜 ⋿䶋ẍ军䤷冰⏰ⷞ䉨↮ⶫ炻冯㖶㱣 31 ⸜炷1898炸䘬⣏㯜䀥㚱斄ˤ 1898 ⸜䘬㳒㯜忈ㆸ㽩㯜㹒㳩嶗㓡忻炻㳒㯜䓙⼘⊾Ḵ㯜滣Ṽ柕炻⼨大⊿㕡 ⎹㳩䴻⊿㔿埿ˣ➌柕⸬ˣḴ㜿⸬炻⼨大忚ℍ㱁Ⱉ⸬炻ℵῷ大⊿㕡⎹䓙 䤷冰 䘬 湍 ⵤ⍅↢㴟炻㰾㭨姙⣂㛹匲炻㬌⋨⛇⛘㳩⣙炻㯜徨ᷳ⼴㱁⭛⍵㭼㯜か♜ 慵炻⛇ ⛘ ㉳勺ˤ38 1900 ⸜ẋ⇅炻忁ṃ勺⛘⍵⚈⭀㕡䋶⊝䱾㤕炻㓡列䱾冰崟侴ㆸ䁢ˬ咿 ἄ㕘⡦⋨˭炻⃤䃞ㆸ䁢冢䀋㕘冰䱾㤕䘬慵捖ˤỮ㗗炻ㇵᶵ⇘10 ⸜䘬㘗炻䱾㤕 䇰⚾⍰⚈⭀㕡䱾㤕㓧䫾䘬廱⎹䘤䓇ⶐⷭ嬲≽ˤ
Ƌᷰƌ䲽㥔䈯⛽䙫ⅴ㦲
䱾㤕䋶⊝夷⇯晾⇢㽨Ḯ冢䀋⛐ ⛘屯㛔㈽ℍ䱾㤕炻㖍 㛔ẩ㤕⭞⮵ ㈽ 屯 冢 䀋 䘬䱾㤕⌣⬀叿奨㛃ン⹎ˤ㖶㱣 38 ⸜炷1905炸ẍ⼴炻冢䀋⢾悐冯ℏ悐ℑᾳ慵天 ⚈䳈ἧ䱾㤕㓧䫾廱⎹ˤ⯙⢾悐⚈䳈Ἦ婒炻㖍Ὤ㇘䇕㖍㛔⼿⊅侴㚱Ḯ䞕 㙓䘬 䴻 㾇 㘗㯋炻役ẋẩ㤕映临↢䎦炻䳗䧵䘬漸⣏屯㛔㳩⎹冢䀋炻⯌℞㗗䱾㤕ˤℏ⛘ 屯 㛔 忚ℍ冢䀋姕䩳⣏✳㕘⺷墥䱾㚫䣦炻᷎ᶼẍ⣏⎫⮷䘬ン⊊炻⏆Ἕ冢䀋屯 㛔䘬 ⮷ ✳ ẩ㤕ˤ 37 ȤᄆϯΠᑗȥǴȠᅇЎᆵВВཥൔȡǴ1907 ԃ 5 Д 24 ВǴހ 3Ƕ 38 નᭂǴȠᐜНྛΟԭԃǺᐕўǷޗǷᕉნȡȐᆵчǺፁࠤǴ2014ȑǴ। 34-39Ƕ⚾ ⚾Ḵġ 㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ㓡列䱾⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨↮ⶫ⚾炷1909炸 ၗٰྍǺਥᏵȤᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ2224 ဦǴ1907 ԃ 7 Д 3 ВǴ। 10Ȑഋఌԋǵ ጰࡾੇǵູᡉᄪȑǹȤᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ2299 ဦǴ1907 ԃ 10 Д 22 ВǴ ।58Ȑ܃ȑǹȤᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ2316 ဦǴ1907 ԃ 11 Д 16 ВǴ ।51Ȑ݅ቼׁȑǹȤᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ 2610 ဦǴ1909 ԃ 1 Д 10 ВǴ। 12ȐູᡉᄪȑᛤᇙǶҁკࣁનᭂᇙբǵᏂ࢙ᛤკǶ 冢䀋ℏ悐⚈䳈⇯㗗䱾⊁⯨䘤⯽ 䫾䔍䓙䋶⊝⮷墥䱾⺈ 㓡䁢⣏墥䱾 ⺈ ˤ 䱾 ⊁ ⯨䘤䎦䴎Ḱ⮷ ✳墥䱾⺈䧖䧖䋶⊝墄≑ 炻⌣㛒傥忼⇘⭀㕡䘬㛇 ⼭侴⣂㔠 ⏰ 嘏 ㎵ 䉨ン炻⚈㬌䱾⊁⯨慵㕘㩊妶⼴炻㓡⻎㖻⻝炻廱䁢䋶⊝⣏墥䱾⺈炻Ữ㗗 㕘⺷ 墥 䱾 ⺈䘬⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⼨⼨冯㓡列䱾慵墯冯侴㚱Ḻ䚠䪞䇕䘬ね㱩ˤ39 ䷥䜋⹄忪 㕤㖶㱣38 ⸜炷1905炸䘤ⶫˬ墥䱾⟜⍾䶈夷⇯˭炻昌Ḯ䡢ᾅ墥䱾㚫䣦⍇ 㕁Ἦ 㸸 ẍ 39 ಷϺ፥ǴȤᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽਔයচ௦ڗୱڋࡋϐࡼՉȐ1904-1911ȑȥǴ। 77Ƕ
⢾炻ḇ⎗ὅ㒂℞⡻㥐慷Ἦ㰢⭂⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨䘬䭬⚵炻侴ᶼ夷⭂㕘⺷墥䱾 㚫䣦 姕 䩳 ⋨ℏ䘬㓡列䱾⽭枰㑌昌炻䓙㕘⺷墥䱾⺈墄℞㎵⣙ˤ40 㬌夷⭂ᶨ℔ⶫ炻㓡列 䱾䳃䳃塓㕘⺷墥䱾㚫䣦⏆㰺ˤ 㖶㱣42 ⸜炷1909炸㕘檀墥䱾㚫䣦䘬⼘⊾伶ⶍ⟜冯㹒ⶆ䘬㜿㛔㸸墥䱾㚫 䣦䁢ᷕ悐㕘⺷墥䱾姕䩳䘬攳䪗炻㜿㛔㸸䘬⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇䁢⼘⊾⺛Ḵ㜿 ᶲ ⟉ˣ㜙 坢大⟉ℐ悐⍲㬎大ˣ㬎㜙ˣ㜙坢㜙ˣ楔剅ˣ㶙侽ˣḴ㜿ᶳ⟉䫱䘬ᶨ悐↮烊㖍 屯 䘬㕘檀墥䱾ᷳ⍇㕁⋨➇ᷣ天↮ⶫ㕤Ṳ⣑䘬⼘⊾䷋⊿悐ˤ㖶㱣35 ⸜炷1902炸ッ ᷭ㽌䚜⑱41 姕䩳䘬㸸ㆸ彚⟜↮ⶫ⛐Ḵ㜿ˣ䪡⠀⍲➌柕炻ㆸ䩳ᷳ⇅䁢㓡列䱾炻 天怚军1933 ⸜ㇵ㓡䁢㕘⺷墥䱾ⶍ⺈ˤ 㖶㱣43 ⸜炷1910炸⸜ẍ⼴炻⼘⊾⸛⍇䘬㓡列䱾⼰⾓⯙朊冐塓塩㑌䘬㘗 㱩ˤ䓙㖍㱣㗪㛇⊿㔿悉䘬˪⛇⛘冢ⷛ˫屯㕁↮㜸炻䘤䎦㛔⛘⮷⛘ᷣ 屯㛔 ⭞ 䘬 ⛇⛘⃰塓冢䀋⣏⭞㕷⤪渧㷗彄⭞ˣ曏Ⲙ㜿⭞ˣ㜧㧳㜿⭞ℐ悐Ἕ岤ㆾ ⬀ᶨ ⮷ 悐 ↮ˤ劙⓮⿉姀⓮㚫⛐㖶㱣 44 ⸜炷1911炸塓㖍屯冢䀋墥䱾㚫䣦⏆Ἕ炻42 军㬌炻 冢䀋䘬㫸伶䱾㤕屯㛔⬴ℐ塓槭暊ˤ 彄栗㥖㕷䲣⇯⽆㖶㱣 44 ⸜炷1911炸⼴ᶨᶨ㍍ㇳ昛㠻ㆸ䘬⣏㌺㱁墥䱾ˣ侽 暚㉻㬾烊⼘⊾⋿⋨䱾㤕䇰⚾慵㥳炻廱䁢彄栗㥖ˣ㸸ㆸ彚⟜ˣ㜿㛔㸸ᶱ ⻟枪 䩳 䘬 ン⊊炷夳⚾ᶱ炸ˤ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨䘬朊䧵ẍ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾㚨⣏炻彄栗㥖㫉ᷳ 炻㸸 ㆸ 朊 䧵晾䃞㚨⮷炻⌣ẍ冒䆇彚⟜䁢ᷣˤ㬌ᶨ㗪㛇炻冢䀋䘬⣏⭞㕷彄⭞ˣ㜿 ⭞炻ṵ ⛐ 䱾㤕䇰⚾⌈㚱ᶨⷕᷳ⛘ˤ 1920 ⸜ẋ炻冢䀋䘬㕘⺷墥䱾⺈㔠慷崭忶 40 攻炻⣏㬋 14 ⸜ấ炷1925-1926炸咿䱾⸜䓊慷忼 811,345 ℔☠炻⌈冢䀋咿䱾䷥䓇䓊慷䘬 97.38%炻ㆸ䁢䱾㤕 40 ᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽጓǴȠᆵᑗȡȐᆵࠄǺᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽǴ1908ȑǴ। 52-54Ƕ 41 ངΦᐛޔࠌܭܿ٧ࡆ୯εᏢࡹݯࣽǴܴݯ 32 ԃȐ1899ȑԿᆵᏼҺᕴ࿎۬πᙑᄍڗፓᡗ ૼϷୖ٣۔࠻༇୍Ǵࡕٰӧᅽࡌ࣪༺ߐҥΟϖϦљǴӧᆵΨҥ ྍԋکࠄໜၭǴࢂᆵ ԐයՉدᔼВҁၭ౽҇٣ޑၭǶୖـનᭂǴȠᆵޑВҁၭ౽҇——а۔ᔼ౽҇ࣁ ύЈȐ1909-1945ȑȡȐᆵчǺ୯ўᓔǴ2001ȑǴ। 42Ƕ 42 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽጓǴȠᆵᑗཷाȡȐᆵчǺᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽǴ1927ȑǴ। 144Ƕ
䓇䓊ᷣ≃ˤ䚠⮵䘬炻⍇㚱䘬㓡列䱾冲⺷䱾⿍急㷃⮹炻ℑ侭䓇䓊 慷⎒ ⌈ ䷥ 䓇䓊慷炷1925-1926炸䘬 2.62%炻43 冢䀋㛔Ⲟ屯㛔ẩ㤕⛐䱾㤕夷㧉䓇䓊䘬䪞岥 ᷕ徸㻠㓿昋ᶳἮ炻忋冢䀋⚃⣏䱾㤕屯㛔䘬䌳暒彚䲣ˣ昛ᷕ䲣ˣ㜿㛔 㸸䲣 彄 栗㥖䲣ḇ暋徫忁␥忳炻䳪ᶵ㔝㖍㛔ℏ⛘屯㛔䘬䪞䇕侴塓ℤἝˤ ⚾ ⚾ᶱġ 彄栗㥖ˣ㸸ㆸˣ㜿㛔㸸⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨↮ⶫ⚾炷1912炸 ၗٰྍǺਥᏵᆵᕴ࿎۬܌ϦѲӚᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱᛤᇙǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ3032 ဦǴ1910 ԃ 8 Д 23 ВǴ। 46-48ǶҁკࣁનᭂᇙբǵᏂ࢙ᛤკǶ 43 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽጓǴȠᆵᑗी ಃΒΜΐԛȡǴȐᆵчǺᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽǴ1943ȑǴ। 2-3ǵ12Ƕ
Ƌ⛂ƌ䲽㥔䈯⛽䙫憴㦲
⼘⊾⸛⍇⛐1920 ⸜ẋ㬋ᶲ㺼叿墥䱾䓊㤕䘬ℤἝ⣏㇚烊㖍㕡屯㛔ᶨᶨἝ⏆ 冢䀋⣏⭞㕷䘬彚⟜ˣ墥䱾⺈ˤ⃀䭉彄⭞冯㬾㮹㓧⹄䘬斄Ὢ朆㭼⮳ⷠ炻Ữ㗗 ⛐ ䷥ 䜋⹄ẩ⚾ẍ㖍屯⢇㕟冢䀋墥䱾㤕䘬㓧䫾ᶳ炻彄栗㥖䘬⣏墥䱾ḇ⛐ ⣏ 㬋 9 ⸜ 炷1920炸冯㖶㱣墥䱾⎰Ἕ炻䓙㕤彄栗㥖㚦⛐Ḵ㜿⛘⋨䧵㤝岤⛘炻㖶㱣⎰Ἕ⣏ ᷳ⼴⛇⛘忚ⷛᶵ⮹ˤ ⬀㳣㚨ᷭ䘬冢䀋屯㛔㜿㛔㸸墥䱾炻⚈⣏㬋 14 ⸜炷1925炸䘬咿彚ḳẞ⍿∝ 军㶙炻㕤㗗⛐㗕 2 ⸜炷1927炸枪嬻䴎渥㯜㷗墥䱾ˤ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䘬⍇㕁⋨㚱⺋ ⣏⭀㚱⍇慶炻ẍ⣏㬋 14 ⸜炷1925炸䘬䴙妰炻⊿㔿悉⭀㚱⍇慶䷥ℙ 4,846 䓚炻 ⌈冢ᷕⶆ䘬34%炻Ⱄ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⍇㕁⋨䘬䪡⠀⸬㚱 493 䓚ˣ㹒ⶆ⸬ 985 䓚ˣ ⣏❶⸬92 䓚炻44 ⚈㬌渥㯜㷗墥䱾栀シẍ庫檀䘬₡㟤㓞岤ˤ45 冢䀋Ṣ⣂⛘䊡炻彚⛘夷㧉⮷炻㮹攻⎹Ἦやⓖ⛇⛘炻⯌℞㗗ˬ䣾怢 ᷳ ⛘ ˭炻 墥䱾㚫䣦天⣏慷㓞岤㮹⛘㚱℞⚘暋ˤ䷥䜋⹄㚦⛐㖶㱣 41 ⸜炷1908炸崟炻䁢Ḯ 夷∫ℏ⛘Ṣ彚 㤕䦣㮹ḳ㤕侴忚埴䦣㮹 怑⛘婧㞍炻婧㞍䳸㝄大 悐䘬䦣 㮹 怑 ⛘ 晾 䃞㭼㜙悐⣂Ḯ⮯役6 叔䓚炻Ữ㗗朆ⷠ暞㔋炻ᶵ㖻⍾⼿⣏夷㧉⛇⛘ˤ≈ᶲ⎗侽⛘ ⣂攳⡦炻∑检䘬⸦䁢屏䗈勺㵤ᷳ⛘炻46 ẍ㕘⺷墥䱾㚫䣦天㉻⯽冒䆇彚⟜ 岤屟㮹⛘炻ḇ朊冐䚠⎴䘬⓷柴炻㕤㗗㉻⡦勺⛘ḇ⯙ㆸ䁢墥䱾㚫⽭天䘬㕡⎹ˤ 㖶㱣31 ⸜炷1898炸ˬㆲㆴ㯜䀥˭ᷳ⇵炻Ḵ㜿䘬㯜䓘朊䧵䲬⌈⛇⛘ ䷥ 朊 䧵䘬 16%炻⇘Ḯ㖶㱣 37炷1904炸⚈㽩㯜㹒䴻㓡忻炻㯜䓘∑ᶳᶵ⇘ 10%炻℞检ᶵ㗗 㱁⛘⌛㗗勺⛘ˤ47 Ḵ㜿ᶲ⟉ẍ⍲Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉ℐ悐ˣ㶙侽⟉䘬ᶨ悐↮炻梃㱁⛘朊䧵 44 ᆵύԀጓǴȠᆵύԀीਜȐε҅ΜѤԃހȑȡǴȐᆵύǺᆵύԀǴ1927ȑǴ। 244-245Ƕ 45 οԛ॔ǴȠᑗᘶᢌȡȐᆵчǺᆵᑗࣴزǴ1928ȑǴ। 233Ƕ 46 ܿໂჴǴȠᆵၭ҇ፕȡȐܿ٧Ǻξ܊Ǵ1914ȑǴ। 55-56Ƕ 47 НҖय़ᑈᆶ܌эКٯਥᏵܴݯ 30 ԃȐ1897ȑВҁഌैෳໆΒΜϩϐᒠᇙკȨကკ൯ȩǵ ᖏਔᆵβӦෳໆֽޑΒϩϐൕკȨΒ݅კ൯ȩǵܴݯ 37 ԃȐ1904ȑᖏਔᆵβӦෳໆֽ ޑΒϩϐൕკȨΒ݅კ൯ȩаϷε҅14 ԃȐ1925ȑಃΟΒϖίϩϐჴෳკȐैკȑǴ ၁ಒीᆉβӦय़ᑈ܌ளǶୖـᒘדᄆǴȤࡌȥǴԏܭࢫֹᕴጓᝪǴȠΒ݅ᙼד ȐΠȑȡ ȐᄆϯǺΒ݅ᙼϦ܌Ǵ2000ȑǴ। 163-164Ƕ䲬8 ⋫䓚炻㱁ⳁ⛘ 752.0920 䓚炻ỵ⛐Ṳ⣑Ḵ㜿捖䘬⯙㚱 248.4240 䓚ˤ48 ⼴Ἦ ⚈徸⸜忚埴䘬㴟Ⱡ旚㱁ⶍ䦳䘤㎖㓰㝄炻㱣㯜ⶍ䦳旚桐㜿ⶍḳ⍰㊩临 忚 埴炻ἧ 㯜かˣ㱁か⍿⭛⋨炻徸㻠僓暊攟ᷭẍἮ䘬⣑䀥⦩傭炻⛘䚖㛔䁢ˬ⍇慶 ˭䘬 ⭀ 㚱 ⛘ḇ映临塓慳㓦↢Ἦ炻㍸ὃᾳṢㆾ㚫䣦䓛婳ῇ屠攳⡦ˤ忁ṃ⭀㚱⍇慶 㬋㗗 墥䱾 㚫䣦䌝⛘ᷳ嗽炻ẍ⊿㔿悉炻⯌℞Ḵ㜿⛘⋨炻⛐ 1920 ⸜ẋ㍸ὃḮ墥䱾㤕侭㚨 Ἓ䘬䘤⯽䨢攻ˤ 㗕2 ⸜炷1927炸㜿㛔㸸墥䱾塓渥㯜㷗墥䱾ℤἝ⼴炻冢䀋⛐⛘屯㛔ᶨᶨ塓 㖍㛔ℏ⛘屯㛔⍾ẋ炻⼘⊾⸛⍇䘬䱾㤕䇰⚾ℵ⹎慵㥳ˤ炷夳⚾⚃炸㖶 㱣ˣ 渥 㯜 㷗墥䱾䘬⍇㕁⋨⎹大⋿㒜⃭⇘㱁Ⱉ⸬炷Ṳ剛剹悱炸ˣ⣏❶⸬炷Ṳ⣏❶悱 炸炻㽩 㯜 㹒ẍ⊿䘬⼘⊾⸛⍇䚉䁢㖍屯ẩ㤕䒄↮ˤ ⼘⊾⸛⍇㕘⺷墥䱾⍾ẋ㓡列䱾ˣ冲⺷䱾䘬䉨㱩炻ᶵ㗗╖䌐䘬 䎦尉炻㖍 屯ẩ㤕ℤἝ㛔 Ⲟ屯㛔ẩ㤕䘬ね⼊ḇ⛐ 冢䀋℞Ṿ⎬⛘䘤䓇ˤ䔞 墥䱾ẩ 㤕 䇰 ⚾ ᶵ 㕟嬲≽炻⛇⛘ᶵ㕟廱䦣ᷳ㗪炻忋䳸⛐⛇⛘䘬咿彚ḇ晐ˬ⛘ᶲ䈑˭䦣廱 ⇘⎎ ᶨ ẩ 㤕ᷣ炻⍇㚱䘬㪲䙲⼨⼨塓䉏䈚炻⚈㬌咿彚冯㚫䣦䘬䢐㒎ḇ崲Ἦ崲⣂ˤ⽆ 1923-1931 ⸜ᷳ攻炻䁢冢䀋彚㤕⎚ᶲ䘬⣂ḳᷳ䥳炻⇵⼴ᶵ忶 7 ⸜炻⯙䘤䓇Ḯ 32 ⚆咿 彚䇕嬘ḳẞ炻49 㚱 4 㫉䘤䓇㕤Ḵ㜿⛘⋨炻䁢ℐⲞᷳⅈˤ䁢ỽḴ㜿䘬彚㮹槟≽ 䈡⇍⣂烎冢䀋 ⎚ᶲ䫔ᶨ㫉䘬彚㮹忳≽ ḇ䘤䓇⛐Ḵ㜿烎ẍᶳ⮯ ẍ⍇㕁 ㍉ ⍾ ⋨ 䘬 䨢攻↮ⶫ䁢↯ℍ溆炻⇾㜸ḳẞ䘤䓇䘬⎎ᶨ“朊ˤ
▙Ʊ≝㑗㉟⊔⇾⚝䕂䤸摑ⳁ僅ᵊ㙕叕幰ᵉᶴ
⣏㬋12 ⸜炷1923炸Ḵ㜿ˣ⣏❶ˣ㱁Ⱉˣ䪡⠀䫱⚃⸬Ⱄ㕤㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⍇㕁 ⋨➇䘬咿彚炻⚈ᶵ㺧㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䓀咿㓞岤₡庫Ỷˣ偍㕁ⓖ₡⌣庫檀炻⸬攟 冯 ⢓ 48 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽጓǴȠᆵߥӼ݅ፓൔȐ嗬嗬०ࣳٛഢ݅൩嗧ȑȡǴ। 20-21Ƕ 49 Ծᆵᕴ࿎୍ֽ۬ጓǵЦΏߞǴȤಃϤക ၭ҇ၮȥǴȠᆵޗၮўȐ1913-1936ȑ ಃѤнȡȐᆵчǺബрހޗǴ1989ȑǴ। 13-14Ƕ䳛⋼≑Ḵ㜿ˣ㱁Ⱉˣ⣏❶ˣ䪡⠀⚃⸬咿彚2 ⋫检Ṣ炻⎹冢ᷕⶆˣ䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨ 婳栀炻䓙⊿㔿悉⬰⎹㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⋼婧昼⸜㭷䓚⡆≈5 ⚻ἄ䁢ˬ冐㗪墄䴎慹˭ˤ ⚾ ⚾⚃ġ 㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ⸛⍇䱾㤕㚫䣦⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇↮ⶫ⚾炷1930炸 ၗٰྍǺਥᏵȤᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ3032 ဦǴ1910 ԃ 8 Д 23 ВǴ। 46-48ǹȤᇙᑗ চ௦ڗୱᡂ׳ȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ1264 ဦǴ1917 ԃ 4 Д 14 ВǴ। 48ǹȤᇙᑗ٣܍ ᝩȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ2004 ဦǴ1919 ԃ 12 Д 26 ВǹȤᇙᑗ٣܍ᝩȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ 2220 ဦǴ 1920 ԃ 10 Д 12 ВǴ। 52ǹȤᇙᑗচ௦ڗୱଓуȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ2484 ဦǴ1921 ԃ 9 Д28 ВǴ। 83ǹȤᇙᑗ٣܍ᝩȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ 41 ဦǴ1927 ԃ 2 Д 22 ВǴ। 68ǹᆵ ᑗკȐࡿک5 ԃހȑ܌ᛤǶҁკࣁનᭂᇙբǵᏂ࢙ᛤკǶ ᇥ! ! ܴǺ1927 ԃ݅ҁྍᇙᑗޗᡶНෝᇙᑗԏᖼǴ݅ᑗচᆶπቷࣁᡶᑗ܌ԖǶ ⣏㬋14 ⸜炷1925炸ˬḴ㜿咿彚䳬⎰˭ㆸ䩳炻咿彚ẋ堐⇘㜿㛔㸸墥 䱾 天 㯪㍸ 檀䓀咿㓞岤₡炻䃉㓰烊⎹⭀㕡婳栀ṵ䃉䳸㝄ˤ㕤㗗ˬḴ㜿咿彚䳬⎰˭㰢嬘 墥 䱾 㚫䣦⽭枰⛐㓞ㆸ⇵㰢⭂㓞岤₡炻Ữ㚫䣦ᶵ䎮䜔炻徽㳦⍇㕁⒉⍲ⶍṢ㓞 √ 䓀咿炻
咿彚旣㬊㚫䣦 埴≽炻侴嬎⮇䘬ῷ堺㚫 䣦⺽崟彚㮹㤝⹎ᶵ㺧炻 㚨⼴䘤 䓇 㬎 ≃ 堅 䨩炻䳸㝄93 Ṣ塓㋽炻25 Ṣ塓⇌↹ˤ㖍㛔ⶎ侤⼳ⷓⶫ㕥彘㱣ˣ湣䓇ᷭ䈡⛘⇵Ἦ 䁢塓⏲彗嬟ˤ忁ᶨḳẞ⎚䧙ˬḴ㜿ḳẞ˭ㆾˬḴ㜿咿彚ḳẞ˭炻ḇ塓 夾䁢 冢 䀋 彚㮹忳≽䘬倯⥳ˤ50 ẍ咿ἄ䘬ˬ屯㶙˭䦳⹎䚠㭼炻ᷕ悐ᶵ⤪⋿悐烊ẍ侽䧖朊䧵ˣ咿彚Ṣ 㔠 䚠 庫炻 ᷕ悐ḇ怈ᶵ⍲⋿悐ˤ䁢Ṣ娔䕭䘬ˬ⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⇞⹎˭㕥埴ℐ冢䀋炻咿彚 冯 㚫 䣦䘬㐑㒎⎬⛘䘮倆ˤ恋湤炻冢䀋䫔ᶨ㫉䘬彚㮹忳≽䁢ỽ㚫䘤䓇⛐ˬ Ḵ 㜿 ˭烎51 20 ᶾ䲨⇅晐叿䷥䜋⹄㍐≽䱾㤕䋶⊝㓧䫾炻䋶⊝⛘⋨嶐崲㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿炻㽩 㯜㹒㱛ⶅ㕘䓇⛘ˣᾅ⬱㜿妋昌⛘䫱炻慳↢Ḯ⣏慷䘬㛒⡦⭀㚱⛘ˤḴ㜿 㗗⊿ 㔿 悉 䥩Ṣ㚫䣦㔠慷冯朊䧵㚨⣂ˣ㚨⺋䘬埿⸬炻⛇⛘朊䧵䘬ᶨ⋲ẍᶲ䁢䥩䆇 彚⟜ ⍲ 墥 䱾㚫䣦㚱ˤ冢䀋冯㖍㛔䥩Ṣ㚫䣦ㆾ彚⟜朊䧵檀忼5,215 䓚炻⌈Ḵ㜿⛇⛘朊䧵 䘬69%ˤ52 㚨㖑忚ℍḴ㜿 ⛘⋨ 䘬 㖍 㕡 屯 㛔䁢 ッ ᷭ 㽌 䚜⑱ 䴻 䆇 䘬ᶱ Ḽ ℔ ⎠ 㸸 ㆸ 彚 ⟜炻⽆㖶㱣40 ⸜炷1907炸⯙攳⥳⛐冢ᷕ⺛㶙侽⟉冯Ḵ㜿ᶳ⟉ẍỶ₡屟㓞䥩㚱 ⛘炻⌛ἧ⺽䘤㮹䛦⻟䁰䘬⍵⻰炻53 ṵ⛐䷥䜋⹄⤏㎜ᷳᶳ炻䌚⼿ 457 䓚姙⎗⛘ 1,569 䓚㮹㚱⛘炻彚⟜ᶨℙ㚱 2,026 䓚炻54 忁ṃ⣏农㗗Ḵ㜿侽ἄ㡅ẞ庫⤥䘬 ⛇⛘炻ḇ㚱庫⣂䘬㯜䓘炷夳⚾Ḽ炸ˤ㚨⇅䴻䆇ᶨ凔彚侽炻⼴Ἦ徸㻠廱 ⎹ 咿ἄ 炻 㖶㱣43 ⸜炷1910炸ㆸ䩳ッᷭ㽌墥䱾⺈炻䁢㓡列䱾⺈ˤ55 㸸ㆸ彚⟜䘬⻟岤㮹⛘ 塓廧婾㈡⇌䁢伒ら炻⌣ḇἧ℞ㆸḮⓗᶨ傥ẍ冒䆇彚⟜ὃㅱ⍇㕁䓀咿䘬 墥䱾 ⺈炻 Ữ㗗䔞⇅塓㸸ㆸ彚⟜屟㓞⛇⛘䘬彚㮹炻᷎朆Ḵ㜿ḳẞ䘬ˬ咿彚˭ˤ 50 ୖԵጰОǴȠᆵ҇ၮўȡȐᆵчǺԾҥఁൔǴ1987ȑǴ। 509-512Ƕ 51 ځჴȨΒ݅ጧၭ٣ҹȩ܌ᒏޑȨΒ݅ȩǴ٠ߚֹӄჹᔈډϞВޑᄆϯᑜΒ݅ᙼǴԶݱࡰਔᄆϯ ࠄчЏଗΒ݅ǵξǵԮ༠ǵεࠤޑϩǶ 52 નᭂǴȠᐕўຎഁύޑӦБวᆶᡂᎂʇʇᐜНྛ੪ޑΒНǵчЏǵΒ݅ȡȐᆵчǺᆵᏢғ ਜֽǴ2004ȑǴ। 263Ƕ 53 Ȥݾύ喘ྍԋၭ喘ൾўȥǴȠᆵ҇ൔȡǴ1928 ԃ 7 Д 8 ВǴހ 10Ƕ 54 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ጓǴȠᆵᕴ࿎۬۔ᔼ౽҇٣ൔਜȡȐᆵчǺᆵᕴ࿎۬Ǵ1919ȑǴ। 66-67Ƕ 55 ᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽౢፐጓǴȠᆵᑗी ಃΜѤԛȡǴȐᆵчǺᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽౢፐǴ 1926ȑǴ। 25Ƕ
㚨㖑嶐忶㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿䘤⯽䘬㕘⺷墥䱾㚫䣦䁢㜿㛔㸸ˣ㕘檀ˣⷅ⚳ 墥䱾炻㗪 攻ᶲ悥⛐㖶㱣 42 ⸜炷1909炸ˤ㕘檀墥䱾⛐⼘⊾⊿⋨䘬⼘⊾⺛炻ⷅ⚳墥 䱾⛐ 冢 ᷕ ⺛炻悥天朊⮵咿ἄ⮵㈿ἄ䈑ʇʇ䰛ἄ䘬㊹㇘ˤ⛐㯜䓘⊾㤝檀䘬ᷕ悐⛘ ⋨炻⊠ 婀 彚㮹⽆䰛ἄ㓡䁢咿ἄ㚫䣦暨屣ᶨ䔒ⶍ⣓炻⎒天䰛₡ᶲ㻚炻彚㮹䧖咿䘬 シ栀 ⯙ 旵 Ỷˤ㖶㱣38ˣ43 ⸜炷1909ˣ1910炸㍍忋䘤䓇⻟䁰㙜桐暐炻䓀咿㫈㓞ˣ䰛₡様 屜炻㚫䣦⎒⤥⮎埴䰛₡墄⇞⹎ẍ溻⊝彚㮹䧖咿炻忁㗗ˬ䰛䱾䚠⇳˭䘬 攳 䪗ˤ 冒㬌ẍ⼴炻⎒天䰛₡檀㕤咿₡炻墥䱾㚫䣦⯙㍉䓐ˬ䰛₡㭼㸾㱽˭Ἦ䡢 ᾅ墥 䱾 ⍇ 㕁䘬䨑⚢䓇䓊ˤ56 ⚾ ⚾Ḽġ 㸸ㆸ彚⟜⍇㕁⋨⯨悐 ၗٰྍǺᘏڗԾȤΒϖίϩϐᆵӦკȥȐ1921ȑǶ ᇥ! ! ܴǺΟϖϦљЬाࣁԾᔼၭǴϦљວԏޑၭҖࣁ⏚η୶ӥឲǴࢂΒ݅Ӧၭచҹ നӳޑǶ 56 ֆػᑪǴȤᆵᑗȨԯᑗ߽࣬ȩୢᚒޑޜ໔ৡ౦Ȑ1895-1945ȑȥǴ। 58Ƕ
㜿㛔㸸墥䱾㚫䣦䓙㜧㧳㜿⭞㜿䄲⽝䫱9 Ṣ⛐㖶㱣 42 ⸜炷1909炸∝䩳炻㚨 ⇅⎵䁢ˬ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⎰⎵㚫䣦˭炻⣏㬋⃫⸜炷1912炸㓡⎵ˬ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾˭ˤ㜿 㛔㸸墥䱾䘬⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨ℙ妰 2 叔 6 ⋫检䓚炻ᷣ天↮ⶫ⛐㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿䘬㹒ⶆˣ 䪡⠀ˣ⣏❶ˣ⊿㔿⍲大⋿Ḵ㜿䘬ᶨ悐↮ˤ∝㤕ᷳ⇅炻屉㓧⚘暋ˣ㨇☐ 姕⁁ 㫈 Ἓ 䘬㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䴻䆇䫾䔍㗗炻ᶵ屟㓞₡㟤庫檀䘬㯜䓘䓀咿⍇㕁炻ẍ旵Ỷ 㓞岤 ⍇ 㕁 䘬⎗傥ㆸ㛔炻⮯ᷣ≃⼨Ḵ㜿⛘⋨䘬㖙䓘䘤⯽炻ẍ㖙ἄ咿䓘䁢㕡憅ˤ57 Ṣ䬿ᶵ⤪⣑䬿炻1911-1912 ⸜⻟䁰桙桐⮶农㽩㯜㹒㯦㾓炻ἧ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䘬 ⶍ⺈ˣ揝忻ˣ咿⚺悥♜慵⍿㎵炻慵㋓㚫䣦ˤ⣏㬋2 ⸜炷1913炸炻ˬ㜿㛔㸸墥 䱾 ˭ 㓡䁢㜿㛔㸸ˬ墥䱾㟒⺷㚫䣦˭炻屯㛔柵⡆≈⇘300 叔⚻炻᷎⍾⼿冢䀋戨埴 90 叔 ⚻屠㫦ˤ58 䓙㕤㟒⺷㚫䣦⽭枰㚱 3 ᾳ㖍㛔偉㜙炻ㇻ䟜䲼䱡㜿⭞ㆸ⒉䘬䉨㱩炻 䭉䎮㪲ḇ句⛐㖍Ṣㇳᷕ炻冢䀋戨埴㚜㗗㚫䣦䘬ᷣ㍏侭ˤ冢戨㳦楸㜿㛔 㸸墥 䱾 䚋 䜋㤕⊁䘬ẋ堐Ḻ䚠⮵䩳炻ℏ妴♜慵炻㚦忈ㆸ 117 ⎵䣦⒉倗堪㍸↢录⏰ˤ59 ⛐ 㜿㛔㸸墥䱾冯咿彚堅䨩䘬側⼴炻℞⮎㚫䣦攟ᷭẍἮ⯙ᶨ䚜嗽㕤⃰⣑橼 岒㫈 Ἓˣ ⼴⣑⣙婧䘬䉨㱩ˤ㌴㍏㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⮎㪲䘬冢䀋戨埴炻⿍㕤⮯㛔㯪⇑⚆ 㓞 屠㫦炻 咿彚⌣ㆸ䁢㚫䣦䴻䆇ᶵ┬䘬䉏䈚⑩ˤ ℵ䚳㖶㱣墥䱾䘬䴻䆇䫾䔍烊㖶㱣墥䱾冒䧙ẍ咿彚㚫䣦䘬ℙ⎴⇑ 䙲 䁢 ⾝炻 ẍ忼⇘ℙ⬀ℙ 㥖䁢䚖䘬炻℞ⶍἄ慵溆 ⛐㍸檀㭷䓚䘬㓞ㆸ慷炻 ⍲㍸⋯ ⍇ 㕁 䘬 ⑩ 岒炻60 Ữ㗗⮵ℤἝ℞Ṿ㚫䣦㓞岤⛇⛘ḇ䚠䔞䧵㤝ˤ1920 ⸜⎰Ἕ彄栗㥖䘬⣏ 墥䱾炻昛㠻ㆸ䘬⣏㌺㱁㓡列䱾塓彄栗㥖㓞岤ẍ⼴炻1923 ⸜ḇ句ℍ㖶㱣墥 䱾ᷳㇳˤ⣏墥䱾䘬⛇⛘↮ⶫ⛐Ḵ㜿叔冰炷Ṳ冢䱾℔⎠叔冰彚⟜炸朊䧵605. 96 䓚炻⎎ᶨ嗽⛐Ḵ㜿冲嵁䓚炷Ṳ冢䱾℔⎠冲嵁䓚彚⟜炸朊䧵 308.46 䓚炻⣏㌺㱁 57 ᛯӓݯ॔ጓǵቅٰǴȠᆵཥԄᇙᑗπᑫўȡȐᆵчǺᆵᑗЎϯຩวڐǴ 2011ȑǴ। 140Ƕ 58 Ȥπ䢁जۓฦᒵȥǴȠ۬ൔȡಃ 286 ဦǴ1913 ԃ 8 Д 7 ВǴ। 28-29Ƕ 59 ಷϺ፥ǴȤᖏਔᆵᑗ୍ֽᆶᆵཥᇙᑗϐวȥȐᆵчǺ୯ҥᆵৣጄεᏢᐕўᏢسറγፕ ЎǴ2011ȑǴ। 343-344Ƕ 60 ᛯӓݯ॔ጓǵቅٰǴȠᆵཥԄᇙᑗπᑫўȡǴ। 119Ƕ
炷Ṳ冢䱾℔⎠⣏㌺㱁彚⟜炸朊䧵 610.90 䓚ˤ61 ⚈㬌炻1920 ⸜ẋ㖶㱣墥䱾⯙⣂ Ḯ1,525.32 䓚䘬⛇⛘⎗⽆ḳ冒䆇彚⟜炻䱾㤕䇰⚾㒜⍲Ḵ㜿ẍ⊿ˣẍ大炻⊭㊔⊿ 㔿悉䘬Ḵ㜿ˣ㱁Ⱉˣ➌柕⒉㜿悉❼渥ˣ䤷冰ˣ㹒㷾䘬ᶨ悐↮炻⣦叿 㸸ㆸ 彚 ⟜ 冯㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⋿⊿⮵ⲁ炻ᶱᾳ墥䱾㚫䣦䘬⍇㕁⋨➇⼤㬌ˤ㖶㱣墥 䱾⛐ 㽩 㯜 㹒ẍ⊿䘬⛇⛘炻℞⮎悥Ⱄ勺㵤䘬㱁⛘ㆾ㱛ⶅ㴖央⛘炻᷷㿴㸱ᷳ⇑炻栗 䃞㖶 㱣 墥 䱾⮏栀㈽ℍ勺⛘攳⡦冒䆇彚⟜炻㷃⮹⮵ừ侽咿彚䘬ὅ岜ˤ ⺽崟咿彚䇕嬘ᷣ⚈ᷳᶨ㗗⍇㕁 㓞岤₡㟤炻Ữ㗗㓞岤 ₡᷎朆⎒㰢 ⭂ 㕤 㚫 䣦 冯咿彚ᷳ攻䘬暨㯪ˣὃ䴎慷炻ḳ⮎ᶲ怬⊭㊔⸦ᾳ慵天⚈䳈烊1. ⚳晃䱾₡烉1918 ⸜ẍ⼴⚳晃䱾₡ᶳ㹹炻咿彚䇕嬘柣ṵ䘬⣏㬋 13 ⸜炷1924炸㛇攻䱾₡嵐嵴炻⎬ 㚫䣦⽭枰侫慷咿䱾䘬⇑㼌姽Ộ䓇䓊䘬ㆸ㛔ˤ2. 㚫䣦䘬䴻䆇䫾䔍烉㜿㛔㸸墥䱾 侫慷㚫䣦⇅㛇屉㓧㫈Ἓ侴叿≃㕤㖙䓘咿ἄ炻㷃⮹㯜䓘咿ἄ䘬䋶⊝ㆾ墄 㓗 ↢ˤ 3. 䓀咿䘬䫱䳂烉㚫䣦ὅ⍇㕁䫱㟤㓞岤䓀咿炻᷎朆⛯ᶨ₡炻ẍ 1925 ⸜䁢ἳ炻㜿 㛔㸸墥䱾䘬↮䳂冯₡㟤⤪ᶳ烉 堐 堐⚃ġ 㜿㛔㸸墥䱾↮䳂㓞岤₡炷1925炸 ⛇⛘䫱⇍ 䓊慷炷叔㕌炸 㭷⋫㕌₡㟤炷⚻炸 䈡䫱䓘 15 ẍᶲ 5.95 䈡䫱䓘 12–15 5.80 䈡䫱䓹 15 ẍᶲ 5.35 䈡䫱䓹 12–15 5.20 ᶨ䫱䓘 10–12 5.15 ᶨ䫱䓘 9–10 4.65 ᶨ䫱䓹 9–10 4.75 Ḵ䫱䓘 7–9 4.55 Ḵ䫱䓹 8–9 4.50 Ḵ䫱䓹 6–8 3.90 ᶱ䫱䓘 7 ẍᶳ 4.05 ᶱ䫱䓹 6 ẍᶳ 3.40 ၗٰྍǺȤᆵύૻ ҒጧວԏሽȥǴȠᆵВВཥൔȡ1925 ԃ 2 Д 8 ВǴހ 4Ƕ 61 ᆵᑗϦљᑫၭǵᙑᇳҘၭǵε௨ၭගٮǴΞୖԵȠβӦᆵȡΒ݅ϩǴΒ݅Ӧࡹ ٣୍܌ᙒǶ
╖⽆㜿㛔㸸墥䱾妪↢䘬₡㟤炻䚳ᶵ↢℞Ṿ㚫䣦䘬ⶖ䔘炻⚈㬌 暨 冯 㖶㱣 墥䱾䚠㭼ˤ1924 ⸜㖶㱣㓞岤⛯₡ 5.9 ⚻炻㜿㛔㸸㓞岤⛯₡ 4.7 ⚻炻62 㜿㛔㸸ṵ Ỷ㕤㖶㱣ˤℵẍḴ㜿ḳẞ䘤䓇䘬 1925 ⸜炻⛐⎴㧋⚳晃䱾₡䘬䉨㱩ᶳ炻冢ᷕⶆ ⎬墥䱾㚫䣦⸛⛯㓞岤₡Ἦ㭼庫炷夳堐Ḽ炸炻㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䁢 4.73 ⚻怬㗗㚨Ỷˤ⽆ Ḵ㜿ḳẞ䘤䓇䎦⟜奨⮇炻㖶㱣ˣ㜿㛔㸸㸸ㆸᶱᾳ墥䱾㚫䣦⍇㕁⋨䉔 䈁 Ṍ拗炻 咿ἄ䓇䓊⋨䚠役炻㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䴎彚㮹䘬₡㟤⌣䚠⍣䓂⣂ˤ 堐 堐Ḽġ 冢ᷕⶆ⎬墥䱾㚫䣦⍇㕁㓞岤⸛⛯₡炷1925-1926 ⸜炸 ╖ỵ烉⋫㕌/⚻ 墥䱾㚫䣦 㖶㱣墥䱾 㜿㛔㸸墥䱾 㕘檀墥䱾 ⋿㈽墥䱾 ⷅ⚳墥䱾 㜙㲳墥䱾 ⍇㕁㓞岤 ⸛⛯₡ 5.92 4.73 7.50 7.30 6.96 7.10 ၗٰྍǺȤ݅ᑗጧၭޑഋȥǴȠᆵ҇ൔȡǴ1925 ԃ 4 Д 1 ВǴހ 2Ƕ Ḵ㜿ἄ䁢咿彚㈿嬘䘬䆮䘤溆炻 叿⮎冯墥䱾㚫䣦⍇㕁 ㍉⍾⋨ỵ㚱 ⭮ ᶵ ⎗ ↮ 䘬斄Ὢ炷夳⚾ᶫ炸烊㖶㱣ˣ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾䚠惘ℑ⍇㕁⋨䘬䓀咿㓞岤₡㖶 栗 ⶖ䔘 炻 咿彚⍰⚈⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨⇞⹎䘬㜇䷃炻䃉㱽㏔忳䓀咿⇘⎎ᶨ⋨屑岋炻忁㗗 Ḵ㜿 咿 彚 ㎕䪧侴崟䘬⍇⚈ˤ㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠⋿Ⱡ∃⤥䚠⍵炻娚⋨㗗╖ᶨ㚫䣦⣏㖍㛔 墥䱾 䘬 ⍇ 㕁⋨炻᷎䃉咿彚冯㚫䣦䘬♜慵堅䨩ḳẞˤ 62 ܴݯᆶ݅ҁྍϐሽࣁΒ݅Ӧጧၭഋ࠹ᆀϐሽǶ
⚾ ⚾ℕġ 㽩㯜㹒ℑⱠ墥䱾㚫䣦⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⚾炷1925 ⸜⇵⼴炸 ၗٰྍǺᘏڗԾᆵᕴ࿎۬ౢֽౢፐጓǴȠᆵᑗी ಃΜϖԛȡǴȐᆵчǺᆵᕴ࿎۬ ౢֽౢፐǴ1927ȑǴߕკǶ ᇥ! ! ܴǺᇙᑗѤঁޗޑচ௦ڗǴаࠄЬाࣁεВҁᇙᑗൂচǶ ⛐⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇䘬夷⭂ᶳ炻㚫 䣦⢇㕟屟㓞㪲炻咿彚 䃉㱽冒䓙怠 㑯 屑 ⓖ ⮵ 尉炻Ữ㗗彚㮹ṵᾅ㚱怠㑯ἄ䈑䘬冒䓙ˤ⯙㚫䣦䘬䩳⟜侴妨炻⍇㕁ㆸ㛔 ⡻䘬 崲 Ỷ 䔞䃞崲⤥炻ᶵ忶墥䱾㚫䣦䘬屟㓞₡㟤⣒Ỷ炻⮯⼙枧ᶳᶨ㛇彚㮹䧖咿䘬 シ 栀炻ἧ ⍇㕁ᶵ⣈墥忈暨炻⍵侴⼿ᶵ⣙ˤ`ἧ彚⛘ㆾ⛇岒屏䗈䃉㿴㸱ᷳ⇑炻⎒ 傥 㖙 ἄ炻㚫䣦ḇᶵ㚫ẍˬ⤥₡㟤˭㓞岤ˤ⍵ᷳ炻℞⛇⛘㖊傥䧖䧣ˣ⍰傥䧖 咿炻彚 㮹 ᶨ⭂怠㑯㚨㚱㓞䙲䘬ἄ䈑ˤ恋湤㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⍇㕁⋨⇘⸽㚱䃉䧖㢵ˬ⮵㈿ ἄ 䈑 ˭ ʇʇ䧣䰛䘬㡅ẞ烎
⚾ ⚾ᶫġ 咿彚ḳẞ䆮䘤溆⍲惘役墥䱾⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇↮ⶫ⚾炷1925炸 ၗٰྍǺਥᏵΒ݅ጧၭ٣ҹइۺGIS ۓՏȐ23±52ȷ42.9ȹN,120±22ȷ02.8ȹEȑǶҁკࣁ ન ᭂᇙբǵᏂ࢙ᛤკǶ ᇥ! ! ܴǺΒ݅ጧၭ٣ҹᛈวᗺᆵύԀΒ݅ԮൎвᤞȐϞΒ݅ᙼቶᑫٚȑǴୖᆶלݾޑጧၭϩѲӧ Β݅ၡছǵԮൎǵОᐨছǵѦᝳԮǴЬाࣁ݅ᑗǵܴᑗǵྍԋၭޑௗᎃӦǶ 䓙㕤㽩㯜㹒㱁㸸寸炻⅔⣑⬋桐⍰⻟䁰炻⛐1910 ⸜ẋⶎ⎛炻Ḵ㜿⸬⎒㚱 㜙⊿昭㜙⋿㚱暞㗇䘬䧣䓘炻ᷕ⋨Ỽ⛘䓂⺋䘬勺⛘ᷣ天䁢㱁⛘ˤ1920 ⸜ẋẍ⼴炻 彚㤕䑘⠫㓡┬炻Ḵ㜿⸬㚱卧Ṽ➌⛛㿴㸱䘬⛘⋨䁢㯜䓘炻大⋨ˣ⋿⋨ṵ䁢 㖙 ⛘炻 ㌚ℍ咿彚ḳẞ䘬䀓䅺⍅ˣ䪡⚵ˣᷕ大ˣ⣏❶ˣ䪡⠀䫱⸬䚠庫炻㗗彚㤕 䘤⯽ 庫 怚 䘬⛘⋨炷夳⚾ℓ炸炻昌Ḯ暄䲏ẍ⢾炻ẍ䴻㾇ἄ䈑䓀咿䁢ᷣˤ⚈㬌炻㜿 㛔㸸 墥 䱾 䘬⍇㕁⋨庫䃉ˬ䰛䱾䚠⇳˭䘬䎦尉烊䚠⮵䘬炻℞⍇㕁⋨䘬彚㮹ḇ仢᷷ 怠㑯 㯜 䓘 ἄˣ㖙ἄ䘬㷠↫䨢攻炻⎒傥 ᾳˬ䫔ᶨㅐ䘬Ṣ˭ˤ㖶㱣墥䱾冯㜿㛔㸸 墥䱾 䚠 惘 䘬⍇㕁⋨ḇ㗗彚㤕㡅ẞ䚠役䘬㖙䓘炷夳⚾ḅ炸炻Ữ⍇㕁㓞岤₡⌣檀㕤⼴侭ˤ 䔞䃞⍇㕁₡㟤ᶵ⎒㰢⭂㕤䓊慷炻ḇ天侫ㄖ℞墥䱾䌯ˤ㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⛐ 1923 ⸜㭷䓚䓊慷䁢 88,080 㕌炻墥䱾䌯 9.04%炻1924 ⸜㭷䓚䓊慷㍸檀⇘ 110,440 㕌炻 墥䱾䌯⌣ᶳ旵⇘ 7.71%炻63 ⍵⡆≈Ḯ℔⎠䘬墥䱾ㆸ㛔炻⚈㬌墥䱾䌯ῷỶ䘬⍇㕁 63 ߓ੮ϼǴȠᆵᑗຎჸȡȐܿ٧Ǻ嗡嗅嘅嘃嘔嗪ޗǴ1928ȑǴ। 144Ƕ
㓞岤₡ㅱ娚怬㚫㚜ỶˤỮ㗗炻彚㮹⤪㝄ẍ䓊慷Ἦ㭼庫⍇㕁屟㓞₡㟤炻冒䃞 ⽫ 䓇 ᶵ⸛ˤ ⚾ ⚾ℓġ 㜿㛔㸸墥䱾⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⯨悐⚾ ၗٰྍǺᘏڗԾȤΒϖίϩϐᆵӦკȥȐ1921ȑǶ ᇥ! ! ܴǺጧၭ٣ҹวғӦޑξᤞၡছǵΒ݅ᤞОᐨছǵԮൎηၭҖࣣࣁײҖǴѝԖ Β݅ᤞࠄБԖλ༧НҖǶ ⁛䴙䣦㚫䧖㢵䲏梇ἄ䈑䘬彚㮹炻⮯彚㤕夾䁢ᶨ䧖䓇␥冯䓇㳣㕡⺷炻⮵ 彚㤕 䘬䴻䆇㍉⍾ᾅ⬰ἄ桐ˤḴ㜿⛘⋨⛐㖍㱣㗪㛇ㆸ䁢䱾㤕慵捖ẍ⼴炻彚㤕 ⮶⎹ 檀 ⹎ ⓮⑩⊾烊ἄ䈑䘬⓮⑩⊾ὫㆸḮ彚㮹⿏㟤䘬廱嬲炻彚㮹䓙⬱㕤⣑␥廱侴 ẍ徥 㯪 ⟙ 愔䁢䚖㧁炻ᶨ㖎⇑䙲⍿㎵炻ᶵや冯⭀ㅚˣ㚫䣦堅㑆ˤ64 1920 ⸜ẋ冢䀋䘬䣦㚫 64 નᭂǴȤவΒ݅ጧၭ٣ҹډဟၭ٣ҹ——ӦୱᆶޗΚޑԋȥǴ। 18-19Ƕ
忳≽㬋咔≫䘤⯽炻咿彚⼿⇘㔯⊾⋼㚫Ṣ⢓䘬┇呁炻≈ᶲ彚㮹䳬⎰⸡悐 溻 ≽炻䳪 侴忈ㆸℐⲞ䫔ᶨ㫉䘬彚㮹忳≽ˤ ⚾ ⚾ḅġ 㖶㱣墥䱾⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⯨悐⚾ ၗٰྍǺᘏڗԾȤΒϖίϩϐᆵӦკȥȐ1921ȑǶ ᇥ! ! ܴǺᆶ݅ҁྍচ࣬ᎃޑξǵΠ୶ဌǵࡕቧޑܴݯᇙᑗচΨࢂײҖǴѝԖϖ ӥᓐᆫပߕ߈ࣁНҖǶ
Ʊ䰎奜
1900 ⸜ẋẍ⼴炻㽩㯜㹒㰾䧵㇯⸛⍇⋨䘬彚㤕䑘⠫㓡┬炻⛇⛘⇑䓐䌯㍸檀炻 ᾅ⬱㜿妋昌⛘冯⺋⣏䘬㽩㯜㹒㴖央⛘ἧ⎬㕡屯㛔㈽ℍ炻䧵㤝攳勺㉻慶炻忪 ㆸ 䁢 㕘冰䓊㤕䘬䘤 ⯽䨢攻炻ỵ㕤忁䇯㕘⡦ ⛘ᷕ㧆䘬Ḵ㜿⛘⋨炻彭 忇䘤⯽ ㆸ 䱾 㤕 慵 捖ˤ1900-1930 ⸜攻炻㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠䘬攳勺㉻慶炻㬋忊冢䀋墥䱾䓊㤕⾓忇䘤⯽炻 䓇䓊䶂嶐忶㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿炻᷎ᶼ忚埴䓊㤕⋯䳂䘬㗪㛇烊傥ὃ⣏✳ẩ㤕ㇻ 忈墥 䱾 䌳 ⚳䘬怤敲勺慶炻⇯㗗⏠⺽ẩ㤕徸渧㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠⸛⍇䘬婀⚈ˤ ⼘⊾⋿⋨䘬䱾㤕䇰⚾ᶨℙ㬟䴻ᶱᾳ廱㉀烊1905-1910 ⸜炻墥䱾䓊㤕ᷣ天䁢 ⛐⛘屯㛔姕䩳䘬㓡列䱾炻↮ⶫ⛐冲㽩㯜㹒ℑ“ˤ䓙㕤䷥䜋⹄䱾㤕 㓧䫾 廱 ⎹ 䋶⊝⣏墥䱾⺈炻1910-1920 ⸜攻炻㜧㧳㜿⭞ˣ渧㷗彄⭞㖍屯㸸ㆸ彚⟜⍾ẋ⛐ ⛘ᷕ⮷䱾㤕屯㛔炻慵㥳⼘⊾⋿⋨䘬䱾㤕䇰⚾ˤ1927 ⸜ẍ⼴炻㕘⺷墥䱾漸⣏䘬 屯慹暨㯪㬾 㮹㓧⹄䘬䱾㤕䋶⊝⇞⹎ ᶳ炻冢䀋⣏⭞㕷ẩ㤕ᶵ 㔝㖍㛔 ℏ ⛘ ⣏ ✳ ẩ㤕屯㛔䪞䇕炻ᶨᶨ㓿昋ᶳἮ炻⼘⊾⸛⍇䚉ㆸ㖍屯ẩ㤕䘬䱾㤕䇰⚾ˤ ⽆ 1900 ⇘ 1920 ⸜ẋ炻㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ㰾䧵㇯䘬勺⛘⍇慶㻠㫉㉻⡦攳Ἦ炻᷎ ᶼ塓䲵ℍ墥䱾㤕䘬⍇㕁䨢攻ˤ⛐䱾㤕嶐忶㽩㯜㹒ẍ⊿䘤⯽䘬忶䦳炻⚈ Ḵ㜿 ⛘ ⋨ ⎗ὃ斊⡦咿⚺䘤⯽冒䆇彚⟜䘬⛇⛘㚨⺋敲炻ἧ娚⛘⋨佌倂Ḯᶱᾳ墥 䱾㚫 䣦ˤ ⃀䭉桐柕㯜⯦䘬屏䗈ᷳ⛘炻⛐彚㤕䑘⠫㓡┬ᷳᶳㆸ䁢㻈㻈咿⚺炻Ữ㗗 ⛇⛘ 㡅 ẞ ⣂⮹⼙枧Ḯ⍇㕁䘬䳂㫉冯㚫䣦㓞岤䘬₡㟤ˤ1924-1924 ⸜⍇㕁㓞岤₡ῷỶ䘬㜿 㛔㸸墥䱾㚫䣦炻℞⍇㕁⋨䘬咿彚崟侴㈿嬘ˣ㈿䇕炻忪䆮䘤Ḯ冢䀋䫔ᶨ 㫉䘬 彚 㮹 忳≽ˤ㬟⎚ḳẞ䘬䘤䓇炻㚱℞⽭䃞⚈䳈冯„䃞⚈䳈炻Ḵ㜿咿彚冯㜿㛔 㸸㚫 䣦 䘬 堅䨩ḳẞ炻䚳Ụ㒎㥵崘䀓炻℞⮎䀓䆮⟜朊䘬側⼴炻㚱叿䑘䑘䚠㈋䘬≽⚈ˤ ䷙侴奨ᷳ炻㽩㯜㹒ᶳ㷠䘬⺋⣏勺慶㗗墥䱾䓊㤕䘤⯽䘬慵天㡅ẞ炻ẍ ⍇ 㕁㍉ ⋨➇䁢㨇⇞䘬䱾㤕䇰⚾塓⺢㥳崟Ἦˤ冢䀋⛐⛘屯㛔ˣ㫸伶䱾㤕屯㛔ˣ㖍㛔 ℏ ⛘ 屯㛔徸渧⼘⊾⸛⍇炻䱾㤕䨢攻ḇ⚈䱾㤕屯㛔䘬䪞䇕冯ℤἝ侴慵㥳ˣℵ㥳ˤ1900-1930 㽩㯜㹒⊿Ⱡ㰾䧵㇯䘬攳勺㉻慶炻㚱⤪ˬ圜圞㓰ㅱ˭炻⮵冢䀋䫔ᶨ㫉䘬彚㮹 忳≽——Ḵ㜿咿彚ḳẞṎ䓊䓇忋䑘⿏䘬⼙枧ˤ⊁仁㖶䖬
˪⛇⛘冢ⷛ˫Ḵ㜿捖ˣ剛剹悱ˣ䪡⠀悱ˣ⣏❶悱炻ℙ163 Ⅎˤ⼘⊾烉Ḵ㜿⛘㓧ḳ⊁啷ˤ ˪⹄⟙˫ ˪㻊㔯冢䀋㖍㖍㕘⟙˫ ˪冢䀋㖍㖍㕘⟙˫ ˪冢䀋㮹⟙˫ 冢䀋䷥䜋⹄借⒉抬䲣䴙炻㾷奥㖍㛇烉2017 ⸜ 3 㚰 4 㖍炻䵚⛨烉http://who.ith.sinica.edu.tw/ˤ 䞊ℏ⍇⾈晬炷叿炸ˣ␐ㅚ㔯炷嬗炸 ġ ġ 1999ġ ˪㖍㛔ⷅ⚳ᷣ佑ᶳᷳ冢䀋˫ˤ冢⊿烉㴟ⲥ⬠埻↢䇰䣦ˤ Ẳ喌慵恶 ġ ġ 1939ġ ˪冢䀋墥䱾㟒⺷㚫䣦⎚˫ˤ㜙Ṕ烉冢䀋墥䱾㟒⺷㚫䣦㜙Ṕ↢⻝ˤ Ỹ喌⎱㱣恶炷䶐炸ˣ∱叔Ἦ炷嬗炸 ġ ġ 2011ġ ˪冢䀋㕘⺷墥䱾ⶍ⟜冰㤕⎚˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䱾㤕㔯⊾䴻屧䘤⯽⋼㚫ˤ 㛱䚖⥁ ġ ġ 1934ġ ˪冢ᷕⶆ悱⛇⛘娴˫ˤ冢ᷕ烉㢂怲ᷭ⣒恶ˤ ỽ沛⪴ ġ ġ 1991ġ ˨㖍㒂㗪ẋ冢䀋䘬䱾㤕䴻䆇冯彚㮹䇕嬘˩ˤ冢⊿烉⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠㬟⎚䞼䨞 䡑⢓婾㔯ˤ ⏛做冣 ġ ġ 2003ġ ˨冢䀋䱾㤕ˬ䰛䱾䚠⇳˭⓷柴䘬䨢攻ⶖ䔘炷1895-1954炸˩ˤ冢⊿烉⚳䩳冢䀋 ⷓ䭬⣏⬠⛘䎮⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯ˤ ⏛倘㓷 ġ ġ 2010ġ ˨⣏䦇㪲⛇⛘⇞⹎ᷳ↮㜸˩ˤᶳ庱㖍㛇烉2015 ⸜ 10 㚰 8 㖍炻䵚⛨烉 http://econ.ccu.edu.tw/manage/20110314.pdfˤ ⏛倘㓷炷叿炸ˣ㛐崲佑⇯炷嬗炸 ġ ġ 2011ġ ˨⣏䦇㧑⛇⛘⇞⹎̯↮㜸˩炻㓞㕤侩ⶅㄞ╄ˣ枰㯠⽛㬎ˣ察ͩ❶䥨 ⎱ˣ䩳 㔁⣏⬎䳴㶰⬎悐䶐炻˪㢵㮹⛘⎘㸦̯䳴㶰̩䣦Ể˫炻枩15-38ˤ㜙Ṕ烉㖍㛔 䴻㾇姽婾䣦ˤ㜙悱⮎ ġ ġ 1914ġ ˪冢䀋彚㤕㢵㮹婾˫ˤ㜙Ṕ烉Ⱉˤ 旧悐䔁⣒ ġ ġ 1928ġ ˪冢䀋䱾㤕夾⮇姀˫ˤ㜙Ṕ烉͜ΜΚΫ䣦ˤ ⭖ⶅ㫉恶 ġ ġ 1928ġ ˪䱾㤕䥖孂˫冢⊿烉冢䀋䱾㤕䞼䨞㚫ˤ 檀㧳潄⎱ ġ ġ 1995˳1937˴ġ ˪䎦ẋ冢䀋䴻㾇婾˫ˤ冢⊿烉⋿⣑㚠⯨ˤ ⻝䳈䍊 ġ ġ 2000ġ ˨⽆Ḵ㜿咿彚ḳẞ⇘吉彚ḳẞȹȹ⛘➇冯䣦㚫≃䘬⼊ㆸ˩炻˪冢䀋⎚ 㕁䞼 䨞˫16: 2-21ˤ ġ ġ 2001ġ ˪冢䀋䘬㖍㛔彚㤕䦣㮹ȹȹẍ⭀䆇䦣㮹䁢ᷕ⽫炷1909-1945炸˫ˤ冢 ⊿烉⚳ ⎚棐ˤ ġ ġ 2004ġ ˪㬟⎚夾慶ᷕ䘬⛘㕡䘤⯽冯嬲怟ʇʇ㽩㯜㹒䓼䘬Ḵ㯜ˣ⊿㔿ˣḴ㜿˫ˤ冢 ⊿烉冢䀋⬠䓇㚠⯨ˤ ġ ġ 2008ġ ˨㽩㯜㹒怲晃⛇⛘䘬攳䘤冯彚㛹卩劙䘬冰崟˩炻㓞㕤昛ヰ䌱ᷣ䶐炻˪⛘㕡卩 劙冯冢䀋彚㮹忳≽˫炻枩389-424ˤ⋿㷗烉ᷕ⣖䞼䨞昊冢䀋⎚䞼䨞ˤ ġ ġ 2014ġ ˪㽩㯜㹒ᶱ䘦⸜烉㬟⎚炽䣦㚫炽䑘⠫˫ˤ冢⊿烉堃❶ˤ ⻝䐆㳍 ġ ġ 1985ġ ˨㽩㯜㹒⸛⍇䘬⛘⊊↮㜸冯⛘⼊嬲怟˩炻˪ⷓ⣏⛘䎮䞼䨞⟙⏲˫11: 199-228ˤ 匲⣑岄 ġ ġ 2011ġ ˨冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨冯冢䀋㕘墥䱾㤕ᷳ䘤⯽˩ˤ冢⊿烉⚳䩳冢䀋ⷓ䭬 ⣏⬠㬟 ⎚⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯ˤ ġ ġ 2012ġ ˨冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨㗪㛇⍇㕁㍉⍾⋨➇⇞⹎ᷳ㕥埴炷1904-1911炸˩炻˪ⷓ⣏冢 䀋⎚⬠⟙˫5: 71-96ˤ 㳒渿⬴炷䷥䶐个炸 ġ ġ 2000ġ ˪Ḵ㜿捖⽿˫ˤ⼘⊾烉Ḵ㜿捖℔ˤ 昛朄䎖 ġ ġ 2008ġ ˨⛘㕡⯢⹎䘬姣姀烉㕿⯦䱾㤕㔯⊾䘬嬲怟˩ˤ冢⊿烉⚳䩳冢䀋⣏⬠⛘䎮䑘 ⠫屯㸸⬠䞼䨞⌂⢓婾㔯ˤ
㢖ᷭ䓟炷叿炸ˣ㳒⮲⃫炷嬗炸 ġ ġ 1980ġ ˨冢䀋䷥䜋⹄䱾㤕ᾅ嬟㓧䫾ᷳ䘤⯽˩炻㓞㕤湫ᶱˣ㚡㯠ᷣ䶐炻˪冢䀋⎚ 婾⎊炷䫔ᶨ廗炸˫炻枩368-410ˤ冢⊿烉䛦㔯ˤ 湫䥨㠭 ġ ġ 1997ġ ˨㖍㱣㛇攻冢䀋䱾㤕䘬䓊㤕䳸㥳↮㜸ȹȹ冢䀋䱾㤕⎰Ἕ䘬ℵ㍊妶˩ˤ冢⊿烉 ⚳䩳冢䀋⣏⬠䴻㾇⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯ˤ 湫䳡 ġ ġ 1996ġ ˨⽆⮵䱾㤕ᷳ㈽屯䚳㖍Ὤ㇘䇕⇵⼴冢䀋Ṣ屯㛔䘬≽⎹˩炻˪冢䀋䣦㚫䞼䨞⬋ ↲˫23: 83-146ˤ 冢ᷕⶆ炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1927ġ ˪冢ᷕⶆ䴙妰㚠炷⣏㬋⋩⚃⸜䇰炸˫ˤ冢ᷕ烉冢ᷕⶆˤ ġ ġ 1931ġ ˪㗕Ḽ⸜冢ᷕⶆ䭉ℏ㤪㱩⍲ḳ⊁㤪天˫ˤ冢ᷕ烉冢ᷕⶆˤ ġ ġ 1940ġ ˪冢ᷕⶆ㤪奨炷㗕⋩⚃⸜䇰炸˫ˤ冢ᷕ烉冢ᷕⶆˤ 冢䀋䷥䜋⹄炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1916ġ ˪冢䀋↿䳛⁛˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄ˤ ġ ġ 1919ġ ˪冢䀋䷥䜋⹄⭀䆇䦣㮹ḳ㤕⟙⏲㚠˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄ˤ 冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1915ġ ˪冢䀋ᾅ⬱㜿婧㞍⟙⏲炷䈡梃㱁旚⁁㜿⯙;炸˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾 䓊⯨ˤ ġ ġ 1927ġ ˪冢䀋䱾㤕㤪天˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨ˤ ġ ġ 1943ġ ˪冢䀋䱾㤕䴙妰 䫔Ḵ⋩ḅ㫉˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨ˤ 冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨䈡䓊婚炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1926ġ ˪冢䀋䱾㤕䴙妰 䫔⋩⚃㫉˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨䈡䓊婚ˤ ġ ġ 1927ġ ˪冢䀋䱾㤕䴙妰 䫔⋩Ḽ㫉˫ˤ冢⊿烉冢䀋䷥䜋⹄㬾䓊⯨䈡䓊婚ˤ 冢䀋䷥䜋⹄嬎⊁⯨炷䶐炸ˣ䌳ᷫᾉ䫱炷嬗炸 ġ ġ 1989ġ ˪冢䀋䣦㚫忳≽⎚炷1913-1936炸 䫔⚃Ⅎ˫ˤ冢⊿烉∝忈↢䇰䣦ˤ 怈喌炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1921ġ ˪Ṣ㔯唰厫˫ˤ冢⋿烉怈喌⮓䛇棐ˤ
哉➡䀓䫱炷叿炸 ġ ġ 1987ġ ˪冢䀋㮹㕷忳≽⎚˫ˤ冢⊿烉冒䩳㘂⟙ˤ 冢䀋䴻㾇⸜⟙↲埴㚫炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1941ġ ˪冢䀋䴻㾇⸜⟙炷㗕⋩ℕ⸜䇰炸˫ˤ㜙Ṕ烉⚳晃㖍㛔⋼㚫ˤ 冐㗪冢䀋⛇⛘婧㞍⯨炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1905ġ ˪䓘㓞䨓⍲⮷䦇婧㞍㚠˫ˤ冢⊿烉冐㗪冢䀋⛇⛘婧㞍⯨ˤ 冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨炷䶐炸 ġ ġ 1908ġ ˪冢䀋䱾㤕ᶨ䎕˫ˤ冢⋿烉冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨ˤ ġ ġ 1908ġ ˪冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨䫔ℕ⸜⟙˫ˤ冢⋿烉冐㗪冢䀋䱾⊁⯨ˤ
Bulletin of Taiwan Historical Research NTNU No9, pp.99-138, December 2016
Cultivation in Downstream Chosui River and the
Development of the Sugarcane Industry (1900-1930)
Su-bing Chang
ABSTRACT
After the 1900s, improvements in agricultural conditions in the Chosui River alluvial fan resulted in higher rates of land utilization. Land gained by the removal of protection forests and reclaimed from the old Chosui River bank, attracted investments from various sources. Fervent cultivation in the area transformed the land into an incubator for new industries. Located in the heart of this new cultivation project, the Erlin region became a major sugar industrial town.
In the early 20th century, the Taiwanese sugarcane industry began to move north, extending beyond the Chosui River. From 1905 to 1910, local investors built sugar-refining plants on both sides of Chosui River, in order to expand farmland for sugarcane cultivation. The newly cultivated area overlapped roughly with the land abandoned after the 1898 flood. From 1910 to 1920, large family corporations annexed small local sugar businesses in Taiwan. From 1927 onward, areas of the Changhua plain beyond the north bank of the Chosui River were divided among mainland Japanese businesses, such as Meiji, Yenhsui, Gensei, Nitaka, etc.
a major area of contention for sugar production and investment. Since the 1920s, agricultural conditions in the Chosui River alluvial fan had seen great improvement. Wasteland was reclaimed due to the removal of protection forests and through sediment control projects. Land from the old Chosui River bank was also reclaimed as levee projects continued along the river.
More than 79,000 acres of land were reclaimed and cleared, thus transforming the area into Taiwan’s largest new cultivation project. It also became the prime target for sugar companies to establish sugarcane farms and factories. As a result, the heart of this newly cultivated land, Erlin, developed rapidly into a major sugar industrial town. With three Japanese corporations in the Erlin region, sugarcane farmers were more sensitive to price differences, compared especially to that of Lin Ben Yuan Sugar Corporation. Indignati on among farmers resulting from comparing ingredient and fertilizer costs, served as a catalyst for the Erlin sugarcane farmer incident. I believe that cultivation in the downstream of the Chosui River relates to the Erlin incident in ways similar to the “butterfly effect.” They seem to have no direct connection, but after close scrutiny, it can be observed that cultivation was the source of price differences in ingredients in the Taiwanese sugarcane industry, leading to the Erlin Incident.
Keywords: Chosui River, Wasteland Cultivation, Sugar Industry, Sugarcane
