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Development of the Computer Aided Measuring System for Sheet Metal Die 張鶴寶、佘振華

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Development of the Computer Aided Measuring System for Sheet Metal Die 張鶴寶、佘振華

E-mail: 9419536@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

The mold measurement is the important process for checking the precision of the mold. Currently, the industry uses CMM

(Coordinate Measuring Machine) to inspect the manufacturing errors of the dedicated product and mold. However, most of them operate CMM using manual mode that is labor intensive and time-consuming. This leads to the delay of manufacturing progress and increases the cost of production. To increase the efficiency, the automatic measuring procedures regarding the measuring path planning, CMM measurement and the measured data analysis are in great demand. The purpose of this research is to develop the local window-based software for 3D measurement to perform model inspection paths and analyze measuring data.

The developed system reads the CAD model to analyze the geometry of the mold. Especially, this system adopts IGES format so that it can also read the CAD models generated by other systems and the NURBS-based surface is mainly analyzed for the geometry.

After planning the measuring paths, the system can automatically create the DMIS program for further inspection and simulation.

The developed system integrates the inspection data and CAD model, and shows the inspection position and error in the windows-based interface. Moreover, the statistical process data (Cp and Cpk) are used to diagnose the die quality and control the process capability so as to improve the shop floor process and provide the mold polishing guidance.

Keywords : Coordinate Measuring Machine ; IGES ; Cp ; Cpk

Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 iii 中文摘要 iv 英文摘要 v 誌謝 vi 目錄 vii 圖目錄 x 表目錄 xii 第一章 緒論 1.1前言 1 1.2研究動機與 目的 2 1.3文獻回顧 3 1.3.1三次元量測之相關研究 3 1.3.2刀具路徑規劃之相關研究 4 1.4研究方法 5 1.5論文架構 5 第二章 模 具曲面分析 2.1模具CAD模型資料 7 2.2 IGES資料分析 9 2.2.1 IGES概述 9 2.2.2 IGES介面規格 10 2.2.3 IGES圖元種類 13 2.3 NURBS曲面分析 15 2.3.1 NURBS特性 15 2.3.2 NURBS數學模式 16 2.3.3節點向量(knot) 20 2.3.4權重(weight) 23 2.4計算曲面點資料及曲面法向量 24 第三章 DMIS量測程式 3.1 DMIS介紹 25 3.2 DMIS格式 27 第四章 系統實作與驗證 4.1 實作流程規劃 31 4.2 IGES格式曲面圖元128分析 33 4.3曲面法向量計算 36 4.4量測前置點的產生 37 4.5曲面法向量值驗證 39 4.6板金模具加工 47 4.7 DMIS量測路徑 51 4.8三次元量測機(CMM)驗證 53 第五章 結果與討論 5.1結果 60 5.2討論 63 第六章 結論與未來展望 6.1結論 67 6.2未來展望 68 參考文獻 71 圖目錄 圖2.1 ASCII IGES檔案格式範例 10 圖2.2 曲線隨定 義多邊形的形狀而變化 18 圖2.3 不同階數k之凸邊形特性 18 圖2.4 曲線首尾兩端落於控制點上 21 圖2.5 曲線首尾兩端不落 於控制點上 21 圖2.6 權重關係 23 圖3.1 前(後)處理示意圖 26 圖3.2 DMIS運用環境示意圖 27 圖4.1 整體流程圖 32 圖4.2 圖元128範例 34 圖4.3 實際點 34 圖4.4 NURBS曲面幾何 36 圖4.5 量測步驟 37 圖4.6 前置點偏移量輸入 38 圖4.7 前置點 38 圖4.8 法向量驗證範例 39 圖4.9 建構曲面線 40 圖4.10 輸入u、v方向個數 41 圖4.11 曲面線建構完成 41 圖4.12 曲面偏移 42 圖4.13 偏移距離10 mm 43 圖4.14 偏移曲面建構線 44 圖4.15 偏移曲面建構線完成 44 圖4.16 本系統計算出的標準點與法向 量 45 圖4.17 選擇量測功能 46 圖4.18 曲面上點位置 46 圖4.19 兩點間距離 47 圖4.20 成型模(公模) 48 圖4.21 模型加工 49 圖4.22 模型成品 49 圖4.23 基準面 50 圖4.24 往複式量測路徑 51 圖4.25 DMIS格式路徑 52 圖4.26 檢查DMIS路徑 52 圖4.27 三次元量測機 53 圖4.28 測針 54 圖4.29 定位原點 55 圖4.30 原點資料 56 圖4.31 載入完成 57 圖4.32 修改完成 58 圖4.33 自動 量測 58 圖4.34 量測結果 59 圖5.1 量測資料 60 圖5.2 誤差投影量 61 圖5.3 系統顯示誤差投影量 62 圖5.4 Cp與Cpk統計分析 63 圖5.5 球刀造成扇形剩餘料 65 圖5.6 直線移動路徑 65 表目錄 表2.1 ASCII IGES檔案格式 12 表2.2 圖元資料部分欄位格式 12 表2.3 常見的幾何圖元 13 表2.4 常見的註解圖元 14 表2.5 常見的結構圖元 14 表4.1 圖元128參數部分資料內容 35 表4.2 三 次元量測機規格 53 表5.1 範例 66

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參考文獻

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