get + O. + to V.

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APPENDIX A—Teaching Material for the Ctrl. Group: The 1

^st

Teaching Period

make/ have/ let + O. + V.

get + O. + to V.

Examples

The joke made everyone burst out laughing.

Judy had the waiter bring her some sugar.

My father let me drive his car yesterday.

The teacher got all her students to clean the classroom.

Exercise A

Complete the following sentences with the words given and the pattern above. Make changes if necessary.

1. Dennis’ mother had him clean out (have/ clean out) all the garbage in his room this morning.

2. Good parents let their children play outside (let/ children/ play outside) on sunny days.

Source: Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, meaning, and use (2000, p. 298)

3. I really admire this kindergarten teacher’s ability to get little boys and girls to sit (get/ little boys and girls/ sit) so quietly.

4. Jolin is a sentimental person. Sad movies always made her cry (make/ cry).

5. Ms. Chen had her students write (have/ students/ write) an essay describing their future goals in life last week.

6. I can't believe she made you look at (make/ look at) her vacation pictures again last night. We have to look at those stupid pictures every time we go to her house?

Source: Englishpage.com http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/letexercise.htm

7. I talked to my students about the importance of working hard, but I still couldn’t get them to study hard (get/ study hard).

8. My mother makes me do my homework (make/ do homework) or I can’t go out.

Source: Grammar Express (2001, p. 231)

9. Our science teacher lets us use the laboratory (let/ use the laboratory) after school if we want to do extra work.

Source: Impact Grammar (1998)

10. It is important to have a dentist examine (have/ a dentist/ examine) your teeth regularly.

11. Please don’t let anyone know (let/ anyone/know) it was me who told you the

breakup of Ross’ marriage.

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12. Our office manager doesn’t let us use office telephones (let/ use office telephones) for personal calls.

Source: Impact Grammar (1998)

13. Yvonne didn't want to wash her car, so with a little smooth talk she got her boyfriend to wash it (get/ boyfriend/ wash) for her.

Source: Englishpage. com http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/letexercise.htm)

14. There was something wrong with the light. I couldn’t get it to work (get/ work).

15. Her husband’s death made me realize (make/ realize) how fragile life is and how important it is to seize the day.

16. When I get married, I will have a professional photographer take pictures (have/ a professional photographer/ take pictures) of everyone who participate in my wedding.

17. My boss always makes me work overtime (make/ work overtime).

18. Mrs. Wang never let her two sons ride motorcycle (let/ two sons/ ride motorcycle) without her permission.

19. The car is all covered with mud. I’ll have the maid wash it right away.

Source: 全民英檢一路通:初級閱讀模擬試題冊(革新版) (2006)

20. Can you believe it? Sue's mother always makes her practice the piano (make/

practice the piano) ten hours a day. That's crazy, isn’t it?

21. Here are some of the things that children try in order to get their parents to come to them (get/ parents/ come to them): crying and screaming.

Source: Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary (2003)

22. Sam really wanted a dog, but his parents wouldn't let him keep a pet (let/ keep a pet).

23. Have you ever seen that animal movie? How did the director get those dogs to perform (get/ those dogs/ perform) like real actors?

Source: Far East New English Reader for Senior High Schools 6 (2006, p. 186)

24. Vanessa had her brother pick up (have/ brother/ pick up) a bottle of milk on the

way home.

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Exercise B

Complete the following article with the words given and the pattern above. Make changes if necessary.

Jay hated his life in the army from the very first day. When he arrived at Fort Dix for basic training, an officer (1) had him join (have/him/ join) all the other new recruits on the parade ground. The officers there (2) made them stand (make/them/ stand) in the hot sun for several hours. They wouldn’t (3) let the new recruits joke (let/ the new recruits joke), or talk to each other, or even to move their hand. Then they (4) had Army barbers cut their hair (have/ Army barbers/ cut their hair) so short that Jay felt like he was bald. An officer even required the new recruits to sweep the floors and clean the bathrooms. Jay had wanted to join the army to learn how to be a soldier but now he was beginning to worry that the army would only teach him to become a janitor (工友;管理屋子的人).

Source: Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, meaning, and use (2000, p. 298-299) with some modifications

Note: Some of the sentences in this teaching material were constructed by the researcher herself and thus their sources are not indicated.

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APPENDIX B—Teaching Material for the Ctrl. Group: The 2

^nd

Teaching Period

have/ get/ make + O+ p.p.

Examples

How often do you have your hair cut?

I must get this letter mailed right away

.

Source: Far East English Reader for Senior High School 4 (2005, p. 119)

I can’t make myself heard over the noise of the crowd.

Exercise A

1. Judy couldn’t get her car started (get/ car/ start) this morning and was late for work.

2. You had better get the work done (get/ work/ do) as quickly as possible.

3. Jack found a fly floating in his coffee, so he had the waiter bring (have/ the waiter/ bring) him a new cup.

4. I can’t believe the zoo keeper let you feed (let/ you / feed) the snake. That was so cool!

5. How did you get the doctor to make a house call (get/ the doctor/ make a house call)? I haven't heard of a doctor actually going to a patient's house in years.

6. To ensure these machines function well, we have them serviced (have/ service) regularly.

7. (A hotel manager is talking to his customer)

Leave your bags here. I’ll have the bellboy take them up (have/ the bellboy/ take up) for you.

8. Jay has a huge crush on Hebe. Last evening, he called Hebe and tried to get her to come out (get/ come out). But she was just too busy.

9. Mr. Chen had a lot of difficulty finding someone to do it, but he finally got his car examined (get/ car/ examine) before a long trip to Kao-hsiung.

10. In order to keep bosses and potential new bosses interested you must make yourself noticed (make/ yourself/ notice). Subtle changes in behavior and dress can achieve this.

Source: http://www.justpeople.com/ContentNew/CareerAdvice/HighsAndLows/Reinvention.asp

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11. The news coverage of the recent typhoon was incredibly touching. The interview with the little boy who lost his family in the tragedy made everyone cry (make/

everyone/ cry).

12. Some people seem to let their kid sleep (let/ kids/ sleep) till noon on weekends.

13. (Vivian is talking about her childhood) My childhood was not very strict. The only thing I really didn’t like was learning an instrument. My parents made me take up the violin (make/ take up the violin) and I absolutely hated it! I gave it up after a couple of years…

Source: Handouts Online: EFL/ ESL/ TEFL Worksheets for English Teachers http://www.handoutsonline.com/cgi-bin/search/search.pl?Terms=causative

14. About a moth ago, we found a tumor on the left leg of our pet dog. We took him to the hospital and successfully had it removed (have/ remove). He is doing

extremely well now.

15. It is more important that you can make yourself understood (make/ yourself/

understand) and maintain a smooth flow of conversation.

16. Is it true that many years ago Jacky had his portrait painted (have/ portrait/

paint) by a famous artist?

Source: Grammar in Use (1989)

17. I yelled to make myself heard (make/ myself/ hear) above the deafening roar of the wind and the sea.

Source: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2005)

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Exercise B Dear Alec,

We’ve just (1) had our furniture brought over (have/ our furniture / bring over) from the apartment, and we’re really excited about moving into our “new” (but very old) house. In the nineteenth-century, a millionaire (2) had this place built (have/ this place/ build) for his daughter. We were able to afford it because it’s a real “fix-upper”.

It needs to have a lot of work done. We’ve already (3) got the roof fixed (get/ the roof/ fix), but we’re not (4) having the outside painted (have/ the outside/ paint) until fall. After we (5) got the pluming repaired (get/ the pluming/ repair), we’ll paint the inside ourselves. There’s a fireplace in every bedroom—we’re (6) getting the

chimney cleaned (get/ the chimney/ clean) before winter. And the windows are huge.

In fact, they’re so large that we can’t wash them ourselves, so yesterday we (7) had them done (have/ them / do) professionally.

As you can imagine, we’ve both been pretty busy, but we’d love to see you. Are you brave enough to visit us?

Love,

Judy and Bryant

Source: Focus on Grammar (2000) with some modifications

筆記天地

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APPENDIX C—Sample Pattern Drills in the Senior High English Textbooks Sample 1

Far East English Reader Book 3 L 11 Practice

Complete the dialogues using the pattern “S + find/keep/catch/leave + O + V-ing/p.p.”

1. Linda: I’ve been here waiting for over 30 minutes.

Ted: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting (keep/you/wait) for so long. But I didn’t mean to.

Sample 2

Lungteng English Reader Book 4 L5

Now complete the following sentences by using “by V-ing” in the following pictures.

1. My friends surprised me by holding me a party. (hold a party) 2. Peter shocked Diane by giving her a pet mouse. (give a pet mouse)

Sample 3

San Min English Reader Book 4 L2

Complete the following sentences with the words given and the pattern above. The first one has been done for you.

1. Though Martha didn't like to leave home, her parents still made her study abroad

(make/study abroad) for two years.

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APPENDIX D—Teaching Material for the Exp. Group: The 1

^st

Teaching Period

The make-causative

The joke made everyone burst out laughing.

Jolin is a sentimental person. Sad movies always make her cry.

Her husband’s death made her realize how fragile life is and how important it is to seize the day.

My boss always makes me work overtime.

My mother makes me do my homework or I can’t go out.

Can you believe it? Sue's mother always makes her practice the piano ten hours a day. That's crazy, isn’t it?

I can't believe she made you look at her vacation pictures again last night. We have to look at those stupid pictures every time we go to her house?

The let-causative

1. My father let me drive his car yesterday.

2. Good parents let their children play outside on sunny days.

3. Sam really wanted a dog, but his parents wouldn't let him keep a pet.

4. Our office manager doesn’t let us use our office telephones for personal calls.

5. Mr. Watson doesn’t let her two sons ride his motorcycle without his permission.

6. Please don’t let anyone know it was me who told you the breakup of Ross’

marriage.

7. Our science teacher lets us use the laboratory after school if we want to do extra work.

筆記天地

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The have-causative

1. Judy had the waiter bring her some sugar.

2. It is important to have a dentist examine your teeth regularly.

3. Vanessa had her brother pick up a bottle of milk on the way home.

4. The car is all covered with mud. I’ll have the maid wash it right away.

5. Dennis’ mother had him clean out all the garbage in his room this morning.

6. Ms. Chen had her students write an essay describing their future goals in life last week.

7. When I get married, I will have a professional photographer take pictures of everyone who participate in my wedding.

筆記天地

The get-causative

1. The teacher got all her students to clean the classroom.

2. There was something wrong with the light. I couldn’t get it to work.

3. I really admire this kindergarten teacher’s ability to get little boys and girls to sit so quietly.

4. I talked to the students about the importance of working hard, but I still couldn’t get them to study hard.

5. Yvonne didn't want to wash her car, so with a little smooth talk she got her boyfriend to wash it for her.

6. Have you ever seen that animal movie? How did the director get those dogs to perform like real actors?

7. Here are some of the things that children try in order to get their parents to come to them: crying and screaming.

筆記天地

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Exercise

Please fill in the blanks with the most appropriate causative verb.

Jay hated his life in the army from the very first day. When he arrived at Fort Dix for basic training, an officer (1) had him join all the other new recruits on the parade ground. The officers there (2) made them stand in the hot sun for several hours. They wouldn’t (3) let the new recruits joke, or talk to each other, or even to move their hand. Then they (4) had Army barbers cut their hair so short that Jay felt like he was bald. An officer even required the new recruits to sweep the floors and clean the bathrooms. Jay had wanted to join the army to learn how to be a soldier but now he was beginning to worry that the army would only teach him to become a janitor (工友;

管理屋子的人).

Note. See Appendix A for the sources of the sentences in this teaching material.

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APPENDIX E—Teaching Material for the Exp. Group: The 2

^nd

Teaching Period

Review Section

1. The news coverage of the recent typhoon was incredibly touching. The interview with the little boy who lost his family in the tragedy made every cry.

2. Jack found a fly floating in his coffee, so he had the waiter bring him a new cup.

3. (Vivian is talking about her childhood) My childhood was not very strict. The only thing I really didn’t like was learning an instrument. My parents made me take up the violin and I absolutely hated it! I gave it up after a couple of years…

4. I can’t believe the zoo keeper let feed the snake. That was so cool!

5. (A hotel manager is talking to his customer) Leave your bags here. I’ll have the bellboy take them up for you.

6. How did you get the doctor to make a house call? I haven't heard of a doctor actually going to a patient's house in years.

7. Some people seem to let their kids sleep till noon on weekends.

8. Jay has a huge crush on Hebe. Last evening, he called Hebe and tried to get her to come out. But she was just too busy.

have + O + p.p.

How often do you have your hair cut?

To ensure these machines function well, We have them serviced ( 維修 ) regularly.

About a moth ago, we found a tumor on the left leg of our pet dog. We took him to the hospital and successfully had the tumor removed. He is doing extremely well now.

Note-Ta

get + O + p.p.

I must get this letter mailed right away.

You had better get your work done as quickly as possible.

Mr. Chen had a lot of difficulty finding someone to do it, but he finally got his

car examined before a long trip to Kao-hsiung.

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make + O + p.p.

I can’t make myself heard over the noise of the crowd.

It is more important that you can make yourself understood and maintain a smooth flow of conversation.

In order to keep bosses and potential new bosses interested you must make yourself noticed. Subtle changes in behavior and dress can achieve this.

Note-Ta

Exercise A

Please fill in the blanks with the most appropriate causative verb.

1. Judy couldn’t get her car started this morning and was late for work.

2. Is it true that many years ago he had his portrait painted by a famous artist?

3. I yelled to make myself heard above the deafening roar of the wind and the sea.

Exercise B

Please fill in the blanks with the most appropriate causative verb.

Dear Alec,

We’ve just (1) had our furniture brought over from the apartment, and we’re really excited about moving into our “new” (but very old) house. A nineteenth-century millionaire (2) had this place built for his daughter. We were able to afford it because it’s a real “fix-upper”. It needs to have a lot of work done. We’ve already (3) gotten the roof fixed, but we’re not (3) having the outside painted until fall. After we (4) get the pluming repaired, we’ll paint the inside ourselves. There’s a fireplace in every bedroom—we’re trying to (5) get the chimney cleaned before winter. And the windows are huge. In fact, they’re so large that we can’t wash them ourselves, so yesterday we (6) had them done professionally.

As you can imagine, we’ve both been pretty busy, but we’d love to see you. Are you brave enough to visit us?

Love,

David and Cindy

Note. See Appendix B for the sources of the sentences in this teaching material.

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APPENDIX F—Pretest 親愛的同學，您好：

首先感謝您撥冗填寫本試卷。本試卷的目的在於了解台灣高中生文法學習的情形。您所填答的個人資料以及試卷答案，僅供學術之用，絕對保密不外洩，請您安心作答！填寫完畢，將會有一份精美小禮物，謝謝您的合作！

國立台灣師範大學英語教學所陳佩瑩

個人資料

1. 班級： __________

2. 學號： __________

3. 姓名： __________

4. 本學期第一次月考成績: 分 5. 本學期第二次月考成績: 分 6. 學習英語時間： ______ 年

試題

Part 1 請根據下列括弧內的提示，填入適當動詞形式，完成下列各句。

1. Peeling onions makes me cry (cry).

Source: Understanding and Using English Grammar (1999, p. 340)

2. Mrs. Crane had her house painted (paint).

3. I let my friend borrow (borrow) my bicycle.

4. I went to the bank to have a check cashed (cash).

5. Jane had the waiter bring (bring) her some tea.

6. We must get this work finished (finish) on time.

Source: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2003)

7. The doctor made the patient stay (stay) in bed.

8. Don’t let me forget (forget) to take my keys to the house with me.

9. The teacher had the class write (write) a 2000-word research paper (研究報告).

10. Where did you get your blood pressure (血壓) checked (check) yesterday?

11. John got some kids in the neighborhood to clean (clean) out his garbage.

Source: Understanding and Using English Grammar (1999, p. 340) with some modifications

12. My boss frequently walks around in the office to make his power felt (feel).

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13. Tom got his twin brother to go (go) to class for him yesterday.

Source: Understanding and Using English Grammar (1999, p. 340) with some modifications

14. George got trapped (受困) in the bushes and tried to make himself (14) noticed (notice).

Part 2-1 請閱讀下列各題，根據語意於當題的(a)空格內填入適當的使役動詞 (make, have, get or let)，並根據(a)空格內所填入的動詞，決定(b)空格內是否需要填入不定詞to，若不需要請填X.

Cool colors such as green and blue can (1a) make a room (1b) X look as if it is larger and more spacious (寬敞).

Diane thinks television is a waste of time, so she doesn’t (2a) let her children (2b) X watch TV.

My students dislike English so much that it took me a long time to (3a) get them (3b) to enjoy my class.

Johnny hates all kinds of vegetables. Last evening, his father shouted at him and (4a) made him (4b) X eat some spinach (菠菜). He was really upset.

My cousin has decided to drop out of school (休學). He is so determined (堅決) that no matter how hard we tried, we were still unable to (5a) get him (5b) X change his mind.

Studying abroad (6a) makes me (6b) X realize (了解) the importance of friends and family in my life.

Debbie's husband hates any opera (歌劇). But after days of nagging (嘮叨), she finally (7a) got him (7b) X go see The Phantom of the Opera (

歌劇魅影

).

Source: Englishpage.com http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/letexercise.htm with some modifications

The contract (合約) had to be detailed and its wording (用字) had to be

absolutely correct. Therefore, I (8a) had the translator (翻譯員)(8b) X recheck his work to make sure there would be no mistakes.

Source: Englishpage.com http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/letexercise.htm with some modifications

Interrupting people's speech (打斷他人談話)is not a good habit. It (9a) makes people (9b) X forget what they originally wanted to say.

In order not to be bothered by unwanted callers, Mr. Brown always (10a) has his

secretary (10b) X screen incoming calls (過濾來電).

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Part 2-2 請根據句意，於空格內填入最適合的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)。

My father usually goes to the dental clinic (牙醫診所) to (11) have his teeth checked twice a year.

It is very noisy here. I have to shout to (12) make myself heard by all the people in this room.

Mrs. Smith has been bothered by really bad sore throats. Therefore, she decided to (13) have her tonsils removed (移除扁桃腺).

Judy was a miserable composer (作曲家). She was never able to (14) get her symphonies (交響曲) played.

Source: Parrot (2000, p. 293) with some modifications

Judy used to have long hair, but she (15) had her hair cut short several days ago.

Communication is difficult but I can still (16) make myself understood in some ways.

Some people believe that if they don’t work eight hours a day, they won’t (17) get everything done.

Source: Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff—And It’s All Small Stuff (Richard, C., 2000)

Part 2-3 請閱讀下列各題所呈現的簡短對話，根據對話內容，於(a)空格內填入最能總結該對話的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)。並且請根據所填動詞，決定 (b)空格內是否需要填入不定詞to，若不需要請填入X.

1. Delia: Can we use our calculators (計算機) during the math exam?

Mrs. O.: Absolutely not.

Summary: Mrs. O. didn’t (18a) let her students (18b) X use a calculator.

2. Ana: Ms. Allen, I don’t want to work in a group.

Ms. Allen: (in a serious tone of voice) Well, you don’t have a choice. Find your group members right now!

Summary: Ms. Allen (19a) made Ana (19b) X work in a group.

3. Mrs. O.: Robert, there are several mistakes in your homework. I’d like you to correct these mistakes by tomorrow.

Robert: OK. I’ll give you my revised (修改後) homework tomorrow.

Summary: She (20a) had Robert (20b) X do his homework over.

4. Ms. Allen: Pablo, you can rewrite this composition, but only if you want to.

Pablo: Thank you, Ms. Allen.

Summary: Ms. Allen didn’t (21a) make (21b) X Pablo rewrite his composition.

Source: Grammar Express (2001) with some modifications

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5. Ms. Allen: Jean, put the tip of your tongue between your teeth and say “th -, thorn.”

Jean: “th-thorn.”

Ms. Allen: Yes! That’s it!

Summary: Ms. Allen finally (22a) got Jean (22b) to pronounce (發出) the English th- sound.

Source: Grammar Express (2001) with some modifications

Part 2-4 Barbara是一個女性的研究者，即將前往柏林參加會議。以下是Barbara 與她的個人助理Judy在出發前所說的對話。此對話共有七組空格，請閱讀此對話，填入最符合文意的動詞(make, have, get or let)。若當題有兩格，決定(b)空格內是否需要填入不定詞to。若不需要請填入X.

Barbara: Judy, I’m scheduled to present at a conference in Berlin. Please (23a) have the travel agent (23b) X book me a round-tip ticket (來回機票) to Berlin. Oh, and ask her to see if she could reserve an aisle seat (走道座位) for me.

Judy: Anything else?

Barbara: Yes, please (24) have my red suit pressed (燙平) and my black coat cleaned.

And be sure my bags are ready to go by morning.

Judy: No problem.

Barbara: Oh, I also need to cancel classes for the next week. Please ask the work-study student (工讀學生) to inform my students of the canceled classes. I’ll (25a) let you (25a) X take care of the rest of the details.

Judy: All right. Have a nice time in Berlin. When are you returning?

Barbara: Next Tuesday. Please send someone to meet me at the airport. And thanks.

Source: Mosaic 1: Grammar (2002) with some modifications

Part 2-5 以下短文共有五組空格，請閱讀此短文，於(a)空格內填入最符合文意的動詞(make, have, get or let)，並決定(b)空格是否需要填入不定詞to。若不需要請填入X.

I volunteer (擔任義工) for my local public radio station (電台). Several times a year the station tries to persuade listeners to donate money (捐款)to the station.

Without listener support, the radio station could not exist. The station managers (26a)

have us (26b) X answer the phones when listeners call to contribute (捐款). For

callers’ convenience, we allow them to donate their money in different ways. They

can do so in cash, by check, or with a credit card. To (27a) get listeners (27b) to

contribute willingly, the station offers some prizes. For example, for a $ 60

contribution, you can get a coffee mug. For a $ 100 contribution, you can get a book.

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Everyone can listen to public radio for free. If you are not willing to pay for radio service, no one can (28a) make you (28b) X pay for it. But listeners should help public radio stations pay for their excellent programming if they can.

Source: Grammar in Context 3 (2006) with some modifications

Part 2-6 以下短文共有八組空格，請閱讀此短文，於(a)空格內填入最符合文意的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)，並決定(b)空格是否需要填入不定詞to。若不需要請填入X.

Ideas about the best way to raise (養育) children differ a great deal from culture to culture. In some cultures, if a mother hears her baby crying, she will immediately go to pick her crying baby up and try to soothe (安撫) him or her. But in other cultures people insist that a mother ignore her baby when her or she is crying. They think if you do not (29a) let a baby (29b) X cry, the baby will become spoiled (被寵壞). In some cultures, any adult who sees a child misbehaving will immediately stop his or her misbehavior, whereas other cultures prefer that only the parent be allowed to discipline (管教)a child. In some cultures, people usually (30a) have slightly older children (30b) X help take care of their younger brothers and sister, but in other cultures people rarely ask their children to be responsible for their brothers and sisters unless they are at least twelve or thirteen years old.

In the United States, most parents prefer to (31a) get a child (31b) to behave well by persuasion rather than force. You rarely see parents spank (打屁股) their children in public, and schools do not (32a) let teachers (32b) X use physical punishment as discipline. Parents who are seen hitting their children may even be reported to the police. American child-care experts recommend that children be given responsibility from a relatively early age. As a result, many parents allow their small children to make their own decisions about what kind of clothes they want to wear, or what they want to eat.

Source: Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, meaning, and use (2000, p. 294) with some modifications

非常謝謝您的合作！

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APPENDIX G—Posttest 親愛的同學，您好：

首先感謝您撥冗填寫本試卷。您所填答的個人資料以及試卷答案，僅供學術之用，絕對保密，請您安心作答！填寫完畢，將會有一份精美小禮物，謝謝參與這項研究喔！

祝各位同學學業順利，聖誕節平安快樂:D

Merry Christmas & Happy New Year

國立台灣師範大學英語系碩士班陳佩瑩

個人資料

1. 班級： __________

2. 學號： __________

3. 姓名： __________

試題

Part 1 請根據下列括弧內的提示，填入適當動詞形式，完成下列各句。

1. My mom is getting the carrots chopped (chop).

2. Jason wouldn’t let them take (take) his picture.

3. We got our landlady (房東太太) to lower (lower) our rents yesterday.

4. This cold medicine always makes me feel (feel) sleepy.

5. Tom had his bedroom decorated (decorate) last week.

6. Sue usually has her son take (take) out the trash.

7. Judy got her clothes dry-cleaned (dry-clean) at a cleaner nearby.

8. I got my sister to carry (carry) this heavy suitcase for me.

9. Alice stopped at a gas station to have the tank (油箱) filled (fill).

10. Mom made him wear (wear) a hat because of the strong wind.

Source: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Dictionary (2005)

11. We let our cat go out (go out) at night if it wants to.

Source: Dixon (1991)

12. Joe always tries to make himself known (know) to those around him as much as possible.

13. Mr. McCarthy usually has his students recite (recite) (朗誦) lessons in class.

14. It is sometimes necessary for teachers to make their power felt (feel) in the

classroom.

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Part 2-1 請閱讀下列各題，根據語意於當題的(a)空格內填入適當的使役動詞 (make, have, get or let)，並根據(a)空格內所填入的動詞，決定(b)空格內是否需要填入不定詞to，若不需要請填入X.

I love sweets but Mom doesn’t (1a) let me (1b) X have them very often.

Source: Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary (2003)

My mom dislikes all types of outdoor activities. But after days of nagging (嘮叨), we finally (2a) got her (2b) to go hiking in Mt. Yang-Ming.

Source: Adapted from Englishpage.com

http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/letexercise.htm

Some believe if you always pick up and try to soothe a crying baby you are in danger of spoiling them, while others think if you (3a) let a baby (3b) X cry you are neglecting (忽視) them.

Source: http://www.rollercoaster.ie/new_baby/new_baby_sleep.asp

The blueprint (建築藍圖) for this new shopping mall had to be absolutely correct.

Therefore, I (4a) had the architect (建築師) (4b) X double-check his work to see if there were any mistakes.

Source: Adapted from Englishpage.com

http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/letexercise.htm

Peggy hates doing homework very much. Yesterday evening, her parents yelled at her and (5a) made her (5b) X do her math homework assignments. She felt extremely upset.

The things my friend said yesterday (6a) made me (6b) X wonder if she is in some kind of trouble.

Source: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2005) with some modifications

Mr. Smith had a bad cold last week. He decided it was best to work at home, so he (7a) had his secretary (7b) X cancel (取消) all his meetings.

Warm colors such as orange and yellow can (8a) make your bedroom (8b) X seem much smaller than it actually is.

Mr. Brown is taking a business trip to Japan, so he (9a) had his travel agent (9b) X book him a flight (班機) to Japan and reserve a hotel room there.

Part 2-2 請根據句意，於空格內填入最適合的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)。

My grandma usually goes to the hospital and (10) has/gets her blood pressure (血壓) taken.

Newborn babies can quickly learn to (11)make themselves heard through coos (清柔低語聲), babbles (牙牙學語), laughs and cries.

Source: http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/talktoyourbaby/CommunicateThroughMusic.pdf with slight change

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Many of us live our lives as if the only purpose is to (12) get everything done. We stay up late, get up early and avoid having fun.

Source: Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff—And It’s All Small Stuff (Richard, C., 2000)

There was something wrong with my car, so I went to the car repair place to (13) have/get it fixed this morning.

Sue is not a proficient (程度好) English learner, but she can still (14) make herself understood to foreigners in English.

(Mr. Chandler is talking to his personal assistant﹝個人助理﹞)

“Mr. Brown is asking for this expense report (支出報告). Please (15) have it delivered (投遞) to him by next week.”

Mr. Smith has been suffering from a terrible toothache. Therefore, he decided to (16) get/have the tooth extracted (拔牙) as soon as possible.

Bryant was a frustrated writer. He was never able to (17) get his books published.

Part 2-3 請閱讀下列各題所呈現的簡短對話，根據對話內容，於(a)空格內填入最能總結該對話的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)。並且請根據所填動詞，決定 (b)空格內是否需要填入不定詞to，若不需要請填入X.

1. Ms. Allen: Fernando, you didn’t hand in your homework assignment today. I’d like you to give it to me tomorrow.

Fernando: Sure, Mr. Allen. I’ll do that.

Summary: Ms. Allen (18a) had Fernando (18b) X hand in his assignment (作業).

2. Sara: The answer is 5.34.

Mrs. Smith: No. You can try again to get it right, but only if you want to.

Summary: Mrs. Smith didn’t (19a) make Sara (19b) X try again.

Source: Adapted from Focus on Grammar (2000, p. 56)

3. Marta: Can we use our dictionaries during the test?

Ms. Allen: Of course not. You should be able to guess the meaning from context (上下文).

Summary: Ms. Allen didn’t (20a) let her students (20b) X use a dictionary during the test.

Source: Adapted from Grammar Express (2001, p. 229)

4. Ms. Chen: David, place your top front teeth against your bottom lip and say “f-, fruit.”

David: “f- fruit.”

Mrs. O.: Good! That’s it!

Summary: Ms. Chen finally (21a) get David (21b) to pronounce the word “fruit.”

Source: Adapted from Grammar Express (2001, p. 229)

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5. Tina: Ms. Allan, I don’t want to do this listening exercise.

Ms. Allen: (with a serious look on her face) You have no choice. Go back to your seat and do the exercise right now!

Summary: Ms. Smith (22a) made Tina (22b) X do the exercise.

Part 2-4 以下為兩位電台主管討論體育節目走向的對話。此對話共有五組空格，

請閱讀此對話，填入最符合文意的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)。若當題有兩格，決定(b)空格內是否需要填入不定詞to。若不需要請填入X.

Jack: People have stopped watching our Saturday afternoon sports show. How can we (23a) get more viewers (23b) to watch on Saturdays? Perhaps we should offer different sports programs. I think everyone is tired of football and baseball.

Anders: I think we should (24a) let our viewers (24b) X decide which sports we televise (播放). Why don’t we ask our viewing audience to write us letters?

Jack: We’ve already received a lot of letters requesting (要求) more soccer games on TV. Do you think we can persuade the national TV networks (電視聯播網) to

broadcast more soccer matches? The national networks think that soccer has only a few fans. How likely do you think it is that we can (25a) get them (25b) to change their minds?

Anders: That will be very difficult! Well, here’s an idea. Let’s ask our viewing audience to write letters to the national networks, too!

Source: Interactions Two: A Communicative Grammar (1997, p. 357-358) with some modifications

Part 2-5 以下短文共有五組空格，請閱讀此短文，於(a)空格內填入最符合文意的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)，並決定(b)空格是否需要填入不定詞to。若不需要請填入X.

Mrs. Geller is a strict but dedicated (認真) teacher. She does not allow us to use calculators during her math class. As she always says, “Calculators (26a) make students (26b) X forget how to add two plus two!” She encourages us to use our brains instead to solve math problems. To develop good study habits in us, she always requires us to ask questions and take notes in class. Mrs. Geller is definitely a strict teacher. But she is also a devoted (認真) one. She often designs (設計) a variety of creative homework assignments and gives us the freedom to choose the ones we are interested in to work on. She even (27a) let us (27b) X call her at home whenever we have questions. She has certainly helped me learn more than I ever did before. But I still find it hard to overcome (克服) my fears of math. I am sure it will take Mrs.

Geller a long while to (28a) get me (28b) to enjoy math. If she could help me feel more confident about studying math, that would really be an accomplishment (成就).

Source: Adapted from Focus on Grammar (Workbook) (2000)

(22)

Part 2-6 以下短文共有八組空格，請閱讀此短文，於(a)空格內填入最符合文意的使役動詞(make, have, get or let)，並決定(b)空格是否需要填入不定詞to。若不需要請填入X.

There are more than 600, 000 charities (慈善團體) in the U.S. that you can give money to. In addition, there are thousands of volunteer organizations (志願組織). But it is not always easy to (29a) get people (29b) to donate money (捐錢) willingly.

One way charities persuade people to contribute is by offering a payroll deduction (薪資扣除)at work. An employee can have a certain amount of money deducted, so the money automatically goes to the charity the employee would like to help out. If you are asked to donate money at your job, keep in mind that it is voluntary (自願性); no one can (30a) make you (30b) X give.

Another way to persuade you to give is to send you something free in the mail, such as address labels with your name and address printed on them. Some people will accept the gift and decide to donate some money. Also, some charities (慈善團體) usually (31a) have volunteers (義工) (31b) X stand at public places such as train stations with a can or box, asking passers-by (路人) for donations. Often those volunteers give you something, such as candy, for your donation.

Public TV and radio stations have fundraisers (基金募款人). Several days out of the year, they ask for your money to support the programs you like. The station also (32a) have volunteers (32b) X answer phone calls from those who would like to make a donation.

Helping others gives us a sense of fulfillment. To encourage us to give, the government lowers our taxes if we make a donation to charities.

Source: Adapted from Grammar in Context (2006, p. 282)

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APPENDIX H—Questionnaire for the Control Group 親愛的同學，你好：

以下這份問卷目的在於了解你學習「使役動詞」的經驗，以及你對這兩次「使役動詞」文法教學的看法。請仔細看完每一題，根據自己實際情況作答。謝謝你的合作:D

國立台灣師範大學英語系碩士班陳佩瑩

基本資料

1. 班級:

2. 座號:

3. 姓名:

4. 請問你是否全程參與本次研究 (請勾選有參與的部分)？

(1) 第一次測試 (12/ 4) 是 _ 否_

(2) 第一次教學 (12/ 21) 是 _ 否_

(3) 第二次教學 (12/ 25) 是 _ 否_

(4) 第二次測試 (12/ 25) 是 _ 否_

過去學習經驗

請閱讀以下敘述，針對自己實際情形作答。

1. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 let + O .+ V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

let + O .+ V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

2. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 make + O .+ V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

make + O .+ V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

3. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 have + O .+ V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

have + O .+ V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

4. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 get + O .+ to V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

get + O .+ to V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

5. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 make + O .+ p.p. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

make + O .+ p.p. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

(24)

6. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 have + O .+ p.p. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

have + O .+ p.p. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

7. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 get + O .+ p.p. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型的意思瞭解為何？

get + O .+ p.p. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

參與研究心得

1. 這兩次「使役動詞」的教學，是否幫助你瞭解並記憶下列使役動詞形式 (form)？

make/have/let + O. + V.

get + O. + to V.

make/ have/ get + O. + p.p.

非常有幫助 ________

有幫助 ________

沒意見 ________

沒幫助 ________

非常沒幫助 ________

(25)

APPENDIX I—Questionnaire for the Experimental Group 親愛的同學，你好：

以下這份問卷目的在於了解你過去學習「使役動詞」的經驗，以及你對這兩次「使役動詞」文法教學的看法。請仔細看完每一題，根據自己實際情況作答。謝謝你的合作:D

國立台灣師範大學英語教學所陳佩瑩

基本資料

1. 班級:

2. 座號:

3. 姓名:

4. 請問你是否全程參與本次研究 (請勾選有參與的部分)？

(1) 第一次測試 (12/ 4) 是 _ 否_

(2) 第一次教學 (12/ 21) 是 _ 否_

(3) 第二次教學 (12/ 25) 是 _ 否_

(4) 第二次測試 (12/ 25) 是 _ 否_

過去學習的經驗

請閱讀以下敘述，根據自己實際情形作答。

1. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 let + O .+ V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(3) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

let + O .+ V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

8. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 make + O .+ V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

make + O .+ V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

9. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 have + O .+ V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

have + O .+ V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

10. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 get + O .+ to V. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

get + O .+ to V. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

11. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 make + O .+ p.p. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

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(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

make + O .+ p.p. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

12. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 have + O .+ p.p. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

have + O .+ p.p. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

13. 在本次研究前，你是否曾經學過 get + O .+ p.p. 這個使役動詞句型。

(1) 是 _ 否_

(2) 若你曾經學過此句型，你對這個句型意思的瞭解為何？

get + O .+ p.p. 這個句型有 __________________ 的意思。

參與研究的心得

1. 這兩次「使役動詞」的教學，是否幫助你瞭解make, have, get以及let這四個使役動詞在意思上的差異(meaning differences)?

非常有幫助 ________

有幫助 ________

沒意見 ________

沒幫助 ________

非常沒幫助 ________

2. 承上題，這兩次「使役動詞」的教學，最能幫助你對下列哪一個使役動詞的意思有更深入的瞭解(可複選)？

make ______

have ______

get ______

let ______

2. 這兩次「使役動詞」的教學，是否幫助你瞭解並記憶下列使役動詞形式 (form)？

make/have/let + O. + V.

get + O. + to V.

make/ have/ get + O. + p.p.

非常有幫助 ________

有幫助 ________

沒意見 ________

沒幫助 ________

非常沒幫助 _______

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APPENDIX J—Pretest Results (Control Group)

make+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate let have get

Question 1 33 87% 3 8% 1 3% 1 3%

Question 6 27 71% 8 21% 1 3% 2 5%

Question 9 28 74% 7 18% 2 5% 1 3%

77% 16% 4% 4%

Question 4 12 32% 1 3% 19 50% 6 16%

Question 19 15 39% 3 8% 14 37% 6 16%

Question 21 8 21% 12 32% 10 26% 8 21%

Question 28 14 37% 10 26% 6 16% 8 21%

32% 17% 32% 18%

have+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate make let get

Question 8 17 45% 5 13% 9 24% 6 16%

Question 10 12 32% 6 16% 9 24% 10 26%

Question 20 23 61% 6 16% 4 11% 5 13%

Question 24 8 21% 12 32% 3 8% 15 39%

Question 26 11 29% 16 42% 7 18% 4 11%

Question 30 8 21% 15 39% 4 11% 11 29%

35% 26% 16% 22%

let + O. + V. Accuracy Rate make have get

Question 2 36 95% 0 0% 1 3% 1 3%

Question 18 35 92% 3 8% 0 0% 0 0%

Question 25 18 47% 9 24% 6 16% 5 13%

Question 29 12 32% 19 50% 5 13% 2 5%

Question 32 23 61% 8 21% 4 11% 3 8%

65% 21% 8% 6%

get +O. + V. Accuracy Rate make have let

Question 3 4 11% 25 66% 6 16% 3 8%

Question 5 5 13% 20 53% 4 11% 8 21%

Question 7 16 42% 8 21% 7 18% 5 13%

Question 22 8 21% 19 50% 4 11% 6 16%

Question 27 10 26% 15 39% 2 5% 11 29%

Question 31 3 8% 9 24% 15 39% 11 29%

20% 42% 17% 19%

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Category make+O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate let have get

Question 12 16 42% 16 42% 3 8% 3 8%

Question 16 21 55% 10 26% 3 8% 4 11%

49% 34% 8% 9%

have+ O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate make let get

Question 11 11 29% 13 34% 6 16% 8 21%

Question 13 20 53% 9 24% 5 13% 4 11%

Question 15 20 53% 7 18% 4 11% 7 18%

Question 24 17 45% 11 29% 3 8% 7 18%

45% 26% 12% 17%

get + O + p.p. Accuracy Rate make have let

Question 14 6 16% 10 26% 8 21% 14 37%

Question 17 12 32% 12 32% 10 26% 4 11%

24% 29% 24% 24%

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APPENDIX K—Pretest Results (Experimental Group)

make+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate let have get

Question 1 29 76% 4 11% 1 3% 4 11%

Question 6 23 61% 15 39% 0 0% 0 0%

Question 9 32 84% 1 3% 1 3% 4 11%

74% 18% 2% 7%

Question 4 5 13% 1 3% 23 61% 8 21%

Question 19 12 32% 4 11% 18 47% 4 11%

Question 21 10 26% 10 26% 11 29% 7 18%

Question 28 16 42% 3 8% 11 29% 8 21%

28% 12% 41% 18%

have+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate make let get

Question 8 23 61% 9 24% 1 3% 5 13%

Question 10 13 34% 5 13% 3 8% 16 42%

Question 20 20 53% 10 26% 3 8% 5 13%

Question 24 10 26% 13 34% 4 11% 11 29%

Question 26 16 42% 11 29% 6 16% 5 13%

Question 30 17 45% 9 24% 5 13% 7 18%

43% 25% 10% 21%

let + O. + V. Accuracy Rate make have get

Question 2 35 92% 1 3% 2 5% 0 0%

Question 18 33 87% 3 8% 1 3% 1 3%

Question 25 15 39% 10 26% 6 16% 7 18%

Question 29 15 39% 15 39% 6 16% 2 5%

Question 32 25 66% 6 16% 5 13% 2 5%

65% 18% 11% 6%

get +O. + V. Accuracy Rate make have let

Question 3 8 21% 23 61% 3 8% 3 8%

Question 5 6 16% 21 55% 2 5% 8 21%

Question 7 12 32% 5 13% 12 32% 9 24%

Question 22 4 11% 23 61% 7 18% 4 11%

Question 27 6 16% 15 39% 7 18% 10 26%

Question 31 7 18% 14 37% 9 24% 8 21%

19% 44% 18% 18%

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Category make+O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate let have get

Question 12 13 34% 16 42% 2 5% 7 18%

Question 16 21 55% 9 24% 2 5% 6 16%

45% 33% 5% 17%

have+ O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate make get let

Question 11 19 50% 6 16% 7 18% 6 16%

Question 13 16 42% 9 24% 7 18% 6 16%

Question 15 20 53% 12 32% 2 5% 4 11%

Question 24 17 42% 11 29% 5 13% 5 13%

47% 25% 14% 14%

get + O + p.p. Accuracy Rate make have let

Question 14 4 11% 9 24% 14 37% 10 26%

Question 17 7 18% 20 53% 6 16% 4 11%

14% 38% 26% 18%

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APPENDIX L—Posttest Results (Control Group) Category

make+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate let have get

Question 6 27 71% 6 16% 3 8% 2 5%

Question 8 29 76% 5 13% 2 5% 2 5%

Question 26 25 66% 7 18% 4 11% 2 5%

71% 16% 8% 5%

Question 5 14 37% 3 8% 14 37% 7 18%

Question 19 7 18% 15 39% 6 16% 9 24%

Question 22 8 21% 3 8% 13 34% 13 34%

Question 30 12 32% 7 18% 11 29% 8 21%

27% 18% 29% 24%

have+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate Make Let Get

Question 4 20 53% 11 29% 2 5% 5 13%

Question 7 21 55% 7 18% 3 8% 7 18%

Question 9 14 37% 9 24% 5 13% 9 24%

Question 18 9 24% 18 47% 4 11% 7 18%

Question 31 14 37% 11 29% 7 18% 6 16%

Question 32 13 34% 9 24% 10 26% 6 16%

40% 26% 14% 18%

let + O. + V. Accuracy Rate Make Have Get

Question 1 34 89% 1 3% 1 3% 2 5%

Question 3 4 11% 19 50% 7 18% 7 18%

Question 20 26 68% 3 8% 6 16% 3 8%

Question 24 15 39% 13 34% 8 21% 2 5%

Question 27 18 47% 6 16% 8 21% 6 16%

51% 22% 16% 11%

get +O. + V. Accuracy Rate Make Have Let

Question 2 16 42% 13 34% 5 13% 3 8%

Question 21 10 26% 22 58% 4 11% 2 5%

Question 23 14 37% 19 50% 1 3% 4 11%

Question 25 6 16% 21 55% 4 11% 7 18%

Question 28 6 16% 20 53% 5 13% 7 18%

Question 29 6 16% 25 66% 1 3% 6 16%

25% 53% 9% 13%

(32)

Category make+O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate Let Have Get

Question 11 25 66% 2 6% 7 18% 3 8%

Question 14 18 47% 3 8% 7 18% 10 26%

57% 7% 18% 17%

have+O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate Make Let Get

Question 10 18 47% 12 32% 4 11% 4 11%

Question 13 16 42% 9 24% 8 21% 5 13%

Question 15 13 34% 12 32% 3 8% 10 26%

Question 16 14 37% 8 21% 5 13% 11 29%

40% 27% 13% 20%

get+O+p.p. Accuracy Rate Make Have Let

Question 12 13 34% 13 34% 6 16% 6 16%

Question 17 6 16% 16 42% 8 21% 8 21%

25% 38% 18% 18%

(33)

APPENDIX M—Posttest Results (Experimental Group)

make+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate let have get

Question 6 24 63% 1 3% 8 21% 5 13%

Question 8 27 71% 2 5% 7 18% 2 5%

Question 26 28 74% 2 5% 5 13% 3 8%

69% 4% 18% 9%

Question 5 35 92% 1 3% 0 0% 1 3%

Question 19 19 50% 11 29% 4 11% 4 11%

Question 22 30 79% 0 0% 2 5% 6 16%

Question 30 30 79% 1 3% 4 11% 3 8%

75% 9% 7% 9%

have+ O.+ V. Accuracy Rate make let get

Question 4 33 87% 3 8% 0 0% 2 5%

Question 7 33 87% 1 3% 0 0% 3 8%

Question 9 33 87% 2 5% 3 8% 0 0%

Question 18 19 50% 16 42% 1 3% 2 5%

Question 31 35 92% 0 0% 2 5% 1 3%

Question 32 22 58% 1 3% 12 32% 3 8%

77% 10% 8% 5%

let + O. + V. Accuracy Rate make have get

Question 1 36 95% 2 5% 0 0% 0 0%

Question 3 17 45% 13 34% 8 21% 0 0%

Question 20 36 95% 1 3% 0 0% 1 3%

Question 24 20 53% 1 3% 11 29% 6 16%

Question 27 24 63% 3 8% 6 16% 5 13%

70% 11% 13% 6%

get +O. + V. Accuracy Rate make have let

Question 2 34 89% 2 5% 1 3% 1 3%

Question 21 20 53% 6 16% 12 32% 0 0%

Question 23 22 58% 8 21% 8 21% 0 0%

Question 25 25 66% 9 24% 1 3% 3 8%

Question 28 26 68% 6 16% 3 8% 3 8%

Question 29 27 71% 3 8% 6 16% 2 5%

68% 15% 14% 4%

(34)

Category Accuracy Rate let have get

make+O.+ p.p.

Question 11 22 58% 2 5% 8 18% 7 18%

Question 14 26 68% 2 5% 2 5% 7 18%

63% 5% 12% 18%

have+O.+ p.p. Accuracy Rate make let get

Question 10 27 71% 5 13% 4 11% 2 5%

Question 13 34 89% 0 0% 0 0% 4 11%

Question 15 28 74% 0 0% 2 5% 8 21%

Question 16 31 82% 2 5% 1 3% 4 11%

79% 5% 5% 12%

get+O+p.p. Accuracy Rate make have let

Question 12 19 50% 7 18% 10 26% 2 5%

Question 17 13 34% 8 21% 11 29% 6 16%

42% 20% 28% 11%

(35)

APPENDIX N—Recommended Reading

Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

f

Chapter 13 of this grammar book contain a section which addresses the meaning contrasts among the three causatives have, get and make (p. 653).

Parrott, M. (2000). Grammar for English language teachers. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Chapter 21 of this grammar book includes a section which touches upon the differences between the embedded-passive have- and get-causative

constructions (p. 293).

Azar, B. S. (c1999). Understanding and using English grammar (3

^rd

ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall Regents.

Chapter 15 of this grammar practice book (15-9) provides a clear account of the meaning contrasts among the three causatives make, have and get (p.

339).

Elbaum, S. (2006). Grammar in context book 3 (4

^th

ed.). Boston, MA: Heinle &

Heinle.

Chapter 7 of this grammar practice book provides an article in which the target causatives are frequent. What follows the article is a clear account of the form, meaning and use of the causatives get, let, make and have (p.

281-284).

Frodesen, J., & Eyring, J. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, meaning, and use (3

^rd

ed.). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

Unit 18 of this grammar practice book supplies two articles in which the target causatives are used (p. 294, 298-299).

Fuchs, M., & Bonner, M. (c2000). Focus on grammar: a high-intermediate course for reference and practice (2

^nd

ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.

Unit 10 of this grammar book presents the make-, have-, let-, and get-causatives as the target grammatical structures. Its accompanying workbook provides exercises which require students to choose between two causatives based on contextual clues.

Werner, P. K., & Spaventa, L. (2002). Mosaic 1: Grammar (4

^th

ed.). New York:

McGraw-Hill.

Chapter 7 of this grammar book indicates that the embedded-active and

passive have-causative constructions are often used when you pay for a

service. This chapter also points out that the e-passive get-causative

construction is frequently used in conversational English (p. 239).

(36)

Ellis, R., & Gaies, S. (1998). Impact grammar. Hong Kong: Longman Addison Wesley.

This grammar book acknowledges students’ difficulty in differentiating between the make- and let-causatives. Unit 36 offers several exercises designed to raise students’ awareness of the differences between the two causatives in meaning.

清水建二(民 93)。英語同義字大大不相同。(詹慕如譯)。台北市：眾文圖書股份有限公司。

This easy-to-read book is intended to clarify misconceptions about the so-called “synonyms.” One unit provides a clear, accessible account of the differences among the make-, have-, let- and get-causatives in terms of meaning and use (p. 26-28). This book also provides opportunities for readers to choose which of the four causatives best suits the context (p.

106).