多缸汽車引擎噴油控制器設計與製作之研究 黃俊儒、張一屏
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
本研究之主旨為建立多缸汽油引擎噴油控制系統動態模型， 運用物件導向程式，針對多缸汽油引擎噴油控制系統，建立動 態模擬技術與控制參數設定評估系統性能之圖控程式。 並用實驗設計法來搜尋比例、積分噴油控制器模型最佳化之控制參 數，修正噴油量以保持空燃比維持在設定之目標值。 並將圖控程式燒錄至晶片中，而發展所用之核心晶片為摩托羅拉公司 所生產之MC68376晶片，以其為主要之發展平台。以此方式開發引擎管理系統之噴油控制器部分，可縮短研發時間以及成 本，且可快速將控制器成型。 本研究將針對一多缸汽油引擎進行噴油控制器開發，模擬產生引擎相關訊號以測試控制汽油 引擎之噴油量，使其空燃比不因負載與轉速改變，維持在設定之空燃比附近，以降低油耗與排放之廢氣污染。 另以適當之 比例、積分控制器，依據含氧感知器所輸出之排氣中含氧濃度或狀態變數加以修正，以構成一閉迴路系統之回饋控制。 利 用所建立之多缸引擎空燃比預測模型，配合控制器之環境中，修改比例、積分控制器之參數，達到所需的性能，再將控制 器模型獨立出來於另一台電腦上，與多缸汽油引擎模型作系統模型交互平台(Model-Based)測試。 本研究所建立之整合模擬 分析硬體迴路技術，對於開發相關車輛電控系統亦可提供相關經驗，供業者於開發時，能針對控制參數對於引擎或車輛行 駛性能之影響迅速掌握參數間之相關性，提供控制器設計與參數設定評估實用參考重要資訊。
關鍵詞 : 硬體迴路、汽油引擎噴油控制、空燃比控制
目錄
目錄 封面內頁 簽名頁 博碩士論文電子檔案上網授權書 iii 博碩士論文授權書 iv 中文摘要 v 英文摘要 vii 誌謝 ix 目錄 x 圖目 錄 xiii 表目錄 xix 符號說明 xx 第一章 緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2文獻回顧 2 1.2.1引擎性能評估模擬及硬體迴路模擬之應用 2 1.2.2 汽油引擎之空燃比控制 5 1.2.3引擎管理系統及嵌入式控制器之探討 9 1.3研究動機 11 1.4本文架構 12 第二章 研究方法 13 2.1汽油引擎燃料噴射系統概要 13 2.1.1 空燃比與引擎性能之關係 13 2.1.2 電子式控制汽油引擎 15 2.2 燃油量之計算 18 2.2.1 基本噴射時間之決定 19 2.2.2 引擎相關之油量修正 20 2.3 建立汽油引擎空燃比模擬之模型 23 2.3.1引擎之動態模式 24 2.3.2 噴油控制器之設計 30 2.4實驗設計法與多目標最佳化 37 2.4.1實驗設計法 37 2.4.2 多目標性能功效係數最佳化收尋 38 2.5訊 號模擬器與訊號轉換器及噴油模組之製作 41 2.5.1 曲軸與凸輪軸訊號模擬器 41 2.5.2 訊號轉換器與噴油模組之製作 45 2.6 噴油嘴之特性測試 50 2.7四行程汽油引擎空燃比控制之相關實驗設備 54 第三章 硬體迴路及嵌入式系統設計 61 3.1 硬體迴 路模擬 61 3.2嵌入式控制系統 63 3.2.1 嵌入式控制器之硬體架構 67 3.2.2 系統規格需求 70 第四章 結果與討論 73 4.1 引擎模 型驗證及模型參數最佳化 73 4.2 PI控制器之最佳化參數搜尋 104 4.3 噴油控制器之安全失效模式之模擬驗證 117 4.4 Model Based Control之模擬驗證 123 第五章 結論與建議 126 5.1結論 126 5.2建議事項與未來研究項目 128 參考文獻 129
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