The Effect of Hot Dispersion on the Physical Properties of Deinked Pulp and its Application on Bleaching.
鍾武宏、彭元興
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The ever increasing pulp price in the global market causes paper mills to again focus on the deinking pulp. There are, however, numerous small specks and dirt present in the deinked pulps which detract from pulp quality. Thus steam and heat dispersion are often used in later stages to reduce specks to give a more uniform optical properties. In order to understand the effects of different pulp consistencies and temperatures on the disperser performance with regard to the pulp physical and optical properties, two reducing type bleaching agents, sodium hydrosulfite and formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS) were added to the disperser stage and post-dispersion bleaching stage and their effects at different pulp consistency and temperatures on the pulp brightness and dirt speck count were examined. The study was based on 100% deinked computer form pulp. The post-dispersion physical properties
examined the effect of a front stage screw press exerting different pressure to produce consistencies of 19, 32, 35 and 36%, and using steam temperatures of 90, 100, 110 and 115℃for the treatments. The results indicate that the tensile and stiffness properties were most optimal at 100℃; while the bursting and tear factors were most optimal at 90℃.The attempted wax-picking test for measuring surface strength was foiled due to low values less than no. 4 wax sticks. The suggested operational temperature of 95℃ by the mill was in the right range. As for pulp consistencies, a 32% consistency was found to work well, which is akin to the 25-30% consistency suggested by the mill. The post-dispersion bleaching experiment was conducted at 40, 60, and 85℃ with different concentrations of sodium hydrosulfite and FAS. The results indicate that the optimal dosage for sodium hydro- sulfite was 0.8%. At 40℃, the brightness gain of the resulting pulp by the sodium hydrosulfite was superior to that of FAS; at 60℃, the gains of the 2 bleaching agents were roughly equal; whereas at 85℃, the unbleached pulp had a brightness of 83.5% GE, while 0.8% of sodium hydrosulfite viiproduced a brightness of 88.5% GE, and 0.8% FAS dosage produced a pulp brightness of 90.5%. The results indicate that FAS performed better under higher temperatures. The on-disperser bleaching experimental results indicate that with a unbleached pulp brightness of 84% GE, a 0.1% dosage of sodium hydrosulfite produced a pulp brightness comparable to the post- disperser bleaching dosage of 0.8%, reaching 87% GE. At dosages of 0.8% sodium hydrosulfite and FAS, respectively, both boosted pulp brightness to 90% GE, a gain of 6% GE. The results of the post-disperser bleaching study indicate that the pulp dirt counts decreased with increasing bleaching agent dosages from 0.1-1.2%, regardless of the bleaching temperature. At the same dosages, the dirt counts of FAS bleached pulp tended to be fewer than the sodium hydrosulfite bleached pulp. The on-disperser bleaching study results indicate that the average dirt counts of the sodium hydrosulfite bleached pulps was 65 ppm, whereas the FAS bleached pulps had an average dirt count of 41 ppm. There was a tendency of dirt counts to increase with the increasing operational temperature of the disperser.
Cost analysis of the reducing bleaching chemicals on the deinking pulp suggest that the pulp had a cost of ca. NT$ 13000
-15000/ton. If using the optimal post-disperser bleaching temperature of 85℃ and the best brightness gain of 6% GE as a basis for calculation, then 1% dosage of sodium hydrosulfite cost NT$ 240/ton pulp, or equal to 1.6-1.8% of the pulp cost. When FAS was used at 0.42% dosage, then the cost was NT$ 218/ton pulp , or equal to 1.45-1.68% of the pulp cost.
Keywords : bleaching of deinked pulp; heat dispersion, sodium hydrosulfite, formamidine sulfinic acid Table of Contents
封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 ...iii 中文摘要 ...iv 英文摘要 ...vi 誌謝 ...viii 目錄 ...ix 圖目錄 ...xiii 表目錄
...xvi 第一章 前言 ... 1 1.1 研究起源 ... 1 1.2 研究動機 ... 2 1.3 研究目的 ... 3 第二章 背景資料 ... 4 2.1 熱分散背景
... 4 2.1.1 熱分散系統介紹 ... 4 2.1.2 熱分散操作參數 ... 7 2.1.3 熱分散系統後銜接 設備 ... 7 2.1.4 各家廠商熱分散設備異同 ... 8 2.2 連二亞硫酸鈉背景 ...10 2.2.1 反應機制 ... 11 2.2.2 生產製程 ...13 2.2.3 應用 ...14 2.3 甲?亞磺酸
...15 2.3.1 常用的生產製程 ...16 2.4 脫墨處理及漂白藥劑 ...16 2.4.1 氫氧化鈉 ...17 2.4.2 矽酸鈉 ...17 2.4.3 過氧化氫 ...18 2.4.4 硼氫化鈉
...18 2.4.5 重亞硫酸鈉 ...19 2.4.6 三聚磷酸鈉 ...19 2.4.7 乙二胺四乙酸
...20 2.4.8 二乙烯三胺五乙酸 ...20 2.5 Kubelka-Munk 理論 ...21 第三章 文獻回顧 ...24 3.1 熱分散系統對物性的影響 ...24 3.1.1 不同溫度與刀盤間隙對熱分散的影響 ...24 3.1.2 在 熱分散後再經由低濃度磨漿機鍊漿 應用研究 ...29 3.2 還原型漂白劑甲?亞磺酸之相關文獻 ...36 3.2.1 添 加甲?亞磺酸濃度對紙張白度的影響 ...36 3.2.2 添加甲?亞磺酸pH 值對白度的影響 ...37 3.2.3 漂白時間與溫度對於白度 的影響 ...38 3.2.4 漿料濃度與漂白溫度對白度的影響 ...38 3.2.5 漂白溫度對白度的影響 ...39 3.2.6 還原型漂 白劑漂白濃度對白度及回黃的影響 .40 第四章 實驗規劃及方法 ...42 4.1 實驗目的 ...42 4.2 實 驗規劃與方法 ...45 4.2.1 熱分散對於手抄紙物性及光學性質的影響 ...45 4.2.2 熱分散機後及機上漂白白度及污 點數應用 ...47 第五章 實驗結果與討論 ...51 5.1 熱分散前濃度及溫度對紙張物性及光學性質 的影響
...51 5.1.1 游離度 ...51 5.1.2 抗張強度 ...52 5.1.3 撕力 ...53 5.1.4 比破裂度 ...53 5.1.5 剛挺度 ...54 5.1.6 表面強度 ...54 5.1.7 彈性模數E ...55 5.1.8 白度 ...55 5.1.9 視白度
...56 5.1.10 E 值 ...56 5.1.11 不透明度 ...57 5.1.12 Kubelka-Munk 理論 ...58 5.2 熱分散機後漂白實驗 ...60 5.2.1 機後漂白手抄紙白度安定性研究 ...65 5.2.2 機後漂白污點 數研究 ...69 5.3 熱分散機上漂白實驗 ...73 5.3.1 機上漂白還原性漂白劑手抄紙白度 安定性研究 ...75 5.3.2 機上漂白污點數研究 ...76 5.4 漂白實驗的經濟效益評估 ...77 第六章 結論與建 議 ...79 6.1 物性實驗與光學實驗 ...79 6.1.1 物性實驗 ...79 6.1.2 光學實驗 ...79 6.2 熱分散漂白實驗 ...79 6.2.1.熱分散機後漂白實驗 ...80 6.2.2.熱分散機後污點 數研究 ...80 6.2.3.熱分散機上漂白實驗 ...80 6.2.4.熱分散機上污點數研究 ...80 6.2.5.還原性漂白 劑的成本 ...81 6.3 建議 ...81 參考文獻 ...83
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