A. Basic information A1. Gender

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A. Basic information

A1. Gender：□ (01) male □ (02) female

A2. When were you born? R.O.C. year __________

A3. Where were you born?

□ (01) Keelung City □ (02) Taipei City □ (03) New Taipei City

□ (04) Taoyuan County □ (05) Hsinchu County □ (06) Hsinchu City

□ (07) Miaoli County □ (08) Nantou County □ (09) Taichung City

□ (10) Changhua County □ (11) Yunlin County □ (12) Chiayi County

□ (13) Chiayi City □ (14) Tainan City □ (15) Kaohsiung City

□ (16) Pingtung County □ (17) Yilan County □ (18) Hualien County

□ (19) Taitung County □ (20) Penghu County □ (21) Kinmen County

□ (22) Lienchiang County □ (88) Other(please specify)_________

□ (99) I don’t know

A4a. What is your parents’ current marital status?

□ (01) Married and living together □ (02) Married and living apart because of work

□ (03) Married but separated □ (04) Divorced and separated

□ (05) Divorced but living together □ (06) Unmarried but cohabiting

□ (07) Unmarried and not living together □ (08) Mother or father has passed away

□ (09) Both parents or adoptive parents have passed away

□ (88) Other(please specify)______

A4b. With whom do you live currently? (You may choose more than one answer)

□ (01) With your father □ (02) With your mother

□ (03) With your maternal grandfather or maternal grandmother

□ (04) With your paternal grandfather or paternal grandmother

□ (05) With other relatives □ (88) Other (please specify) ______

A5a. What is your father’s education level?

□ (01)literate but no formal education □ (02) elementary school

□ (03) junior high school □ (04) senior high school(vocational class)

□ (05) junior college(two-year junior college, three-year junior college, five-year junior college)

□ (06) university

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□ (07) graduate school(master’s degree, doctorate degree)

□ (88) Other (please specify)______

A5b. What is your mother’s education level?

□ (01)literate but no formal education □ (02) elementary school

□ (03) junior high school □ (04) senior high school(vocational class)

□ (05) junior college(two-year junior college, three-year junior college, five- year junior college)

□ (06) university

□ (07) graduate school(master’s degree, doctorate degree)

□ (88) Other (please specify)______

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B. Media Behavior (Interpersonal and communication)

B1. Do you typically use a computer, tablet, or mobile phone to surf the Internet (usage includes:

LINE, bus information and transit system app, and video streaming)?

□(01) Yes □(02) No

B2a. How many friends do you have that you often discuss important matters or share feelings with?

_______ friend(s).

B2b. Of the people you come into contact with in a day, how many of them do you meet with “face- to-face”(including nodding, greeting, talking, including people you don’t know)?

_______ persons

□ (01)0person (None) □ (02)1-5 persons □ (03)6-10 persons

□ (04)11-15 persons □ (05)16-30 persons □ (06)31-40 persons

□ (07)41-60 persons □ (08)61-99 persons □ (09)100 persons and above

B2c. Of the people you come into contact with in a day, how many of them are contacted through the Internet (including using Facebook, using LINE, via online games or online comment sections)?

If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip this question.

B2d. Of the people you come into contact with in a day, how many of them do you meet with “face- to-face” as well as “online”?

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C Media Behavior (Newspaper)

C1a. On average, how many days a week do you read newspapers (printed newspapers only)?

□ (00)0 days Skip to C2a. □ (01)_______ day(s)

C1b. On a day when you do read printed newspapers, how much time do you spend reading them that day?

_______hour(s) _______ minute(s)

C1c. Which newspapers do you frequently read? (Multiple choice.)

□ (01) Liberty Times □ (13) Taiwan Times (Kaohsiung City)

□ (25) Taichung Times (Taichung City)

□ (02) Apple Daily □ (14) Youth Daily News □ (26) GBO (Chiayi County &

Chiayi City)

□ (03) United Daily News □ (15) Taipei Times □ (27) Taiwan Church News

□ (04) China Times □ (16) Taiwan Times □ (28) Christian Tribune

□ (05) Economic Daily News □ (17) Digitimes □ (29) Catholic Weekly

□ (06) Commercial Times □ (18)Taiwan News □ (30) CF News

□ (07) Keng Sheng Daily News (Hualien & Taitung County)

□ (19) Eastern Daily News (Hualien County)

□ (31) Mandarin Weekly Magazine

□ (08) Merit Times □ (20) TSSD News □ (32) Lihpao Daily

□ (09) EpochTimes □ (21) China Post □ (33) Metro Times

□ (10) China Daily News (Tainan City)

□ (22) Matsu Daily News □ (34)The Affairs

□ (11) Mandarin Daily News □ (23) Kinmen Daily News □ (35) The Real Daily

□ (12) Want Daily □ (24) The Commons Daily (Kaohsiung City)

□ (88) Other (Please specify)______

□ (90)None of the above

C2a. On average, how many days per week do you consume news online (via news websites or apps, either in the form of articles, audios or videos. Excluding on MOD)?

If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip this question. 【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□ (00)0 days Skip to D1a. □ (01)________ day(s)

C2b. On a days when you consume news online (via news websites or apps, either in the form of articles, audios or videos. Excluding on MOD), how much time do you spend reading it that

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If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip this question.【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

_______hour(s) _______ minute(s)

C2c. What websites or apps do you use frequently to read news? (Multiple choice.) If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip this question.

【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□ (01) Social media (such as

Facebook and Twitter) □ (21) CNEWS □ (41) Awakening News

□ (02) Messaging apps (such as LINE

Today and WeChat) □ (22) iThome □ (42) The Wall Street Journal

□ (03) ETtoday □ (23) Economic Daily News □ (43) QQ News

□ (04) Yahoo! □ (24) TechNews □ (44) newtalk.tw

□ (05) udn.com □ (25) Baidu News □ (45) PeoPo

□ (06) Integrated online news apps (such as Taiwan TV and TW News)

□ (26) Microsoft edge

□ (46) PNN

□ (07) chinatimes.com □ (27) msn □ (47) News&Market

□ (08) Liberty Times Net □ (28) PChome □ (48) BBS

□ (09) Nownews □ (29) coolloud.org.tw □ (49) Google News

□ (10) The Storm Media □ (30) Environmental

Information E-News □ (50) BBC

□ (11) The News Lens □ (31) 4way.tw □ (51) EBC Financial

News

□ (12) Civilmedia@Taiwan □ (32) The Reporter □ (52) SET News

□ (13) lihpao.com □ (33) Apple Daily □ (53) CTV News

□ (14) Wereport □ (34) EBC News □ (54) Da Ai TV

□ (15) CNN □ (35) FTV News □ (55) CNA

□ (16) NHK □ (36) CTS News □ (56) DQ

□ (17) CTI News □ (37) PBS □ (57) Cool3C

□ (18) TTV News □ (38) CBC □ (58) Taiwan People

News

□ (19) Next TV □ (39) CK101 Crazy News □ (59) Initium Media

□ (20)TVBS News □ (40) INSIDE □ (88) Other (Please

specify)

□ (90)None of the above

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D. Media Behavior (Magazines)

D1a. On average, how many days per month do you read paper-based magazines (excluding online magazines, such as Future Parenting, Young Scientist Monthly, Kang Hsuan Learning

Magazine, and Studio Classroom)?

□ (00)0 days Skip to E1. □ (01)_______ day(s)

D1b. On a day when you read printed magazines (excluding online magazines, such as Future Parenting, Young Scientist Monthly, Kang Hsuan Learning Magazine, and Studio Classroom), how much time do you spend reading them that day?

_______hour(s) _______ minute(s)

E. Media Behavior (Radio)

E1. On average, how many days a week do you listen to the radio (Including: Listening online.

Listening while you work on something else also counts)?

□ (00)0 days Skip to F1. □ (01) _______ day(s)

E2. On the days that you do listen to the radio, how much time do you spend on listening to it a day?

______ hour(s) ______ minute(s)

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F. Media Behavior(Television)

F1. On average, how many days a week (excluding weekends) do you watch TV?

□ (00)0 days Skip to F3. □ (01) ________ day(s)

F2. On the days (only weekdays) that you do watch TV, how much time do you spend on watching it a day?

______ hour(s) ______ minute(s)

F3. On average, how many days on the weekend (Saturday and Sunday) do you watch TV?

□ (00)0 days Skip to F5. □ (01) ________ day(s)

If you answered “0 day” for both F1 and F3, please skip to G1.

F4. On the day(s) that you do watch TV on the weekend, how much time do you spend on watching it a day?

______ hour(s) ______ minute(s)

F5. On average, how many days do you watch TV news in a week?

□ (00)0 days Skip to F7. □ (01) _______ day(s)

F6. On the days that you do watch the news on TV, how much time do you spend on watching it a day?

______ hour(s) ______ minute(s)

F7. Which of the following types of television program did you watch often in the past month?

(Multiple choice)

□ (01) News (e.g., Local news, Instant news, Weather forecasts, Sports news, International news, Political news, Transportation and traffic)

□ (02) Lifestyle and consumption (e.g., Travel, Food, Shopping)

□ (03) Dramas and movies (e.g., Drama, Movie, TV series)

□ (04) Entertainment (e.g., Entertainment TV shows, Music, Television programs, Competition programs or quiz shows, Dance)

□ (05) Family, Sports, and Medicine (e.g., Sports, Medical issue, Family life)

□ (06) Cartoons and anime (e.g., Cartoons, Children’s programs, anime)

□ (07) Arts and Culture (e.g., Artrelated or cultural reports, Astrology, Feng-shui, Divination, Religion, Shows about traditional arts, Literature and novels, Classical music)

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□ (08) Political commentary (e.g., Commentary talk shows, Call-in programs to discuss the most recent social issues)

□ (09) Finance and investment (e.g., Stock market and finance, Management in Marketing)

□ (10) Education and Knowledge (e.g., Knowledge, IT and Computer Science, Education-related programs, Academic Research, Educational programs, Law service)

□ (11) Job openings

□ (88) Other (Please specify)

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G. Media Behavior (Drama)【Elementary school students only need to answer

G1.and G2.】

G1. On average, how many days a week do you watch dramas series on TV, cable or streaming services? (Not including movies. Watching after download is also included. Genres may include local dramas, trendy dramas, Korean dramas, Japanese dramas, and TV series.)

□ (00)0 days Skip to H1. □ (01) _______ day(s)

G2. On a day when you watch such drama series, how much time do you spend watching them that day?

_______hour (s) _______ minute(s)

G3. Which genre of drama series do you most often watch? (Multiple choice)

□ (01) Taiwanese soap opera (e.g. Golden City, The Sound of Happiness)

□ (02) Taiwanese idol drama (e.g. Someday or One Day, The World Between US)

□ (03) Taiwanese mini-series/anthology series (e.g. On Children, The Making of an Ordinary Woman)

□ (04) Mainland Chinese drama (e.g. Story of Yanxi Palace, I Will Never Let You Go)

□ (05) Korean drama (e.g. Itaewon Class, Crash Landing on You)

□ (06) Japanese drama (e.g. Love Will Last Forever, The Full-Time Wife Escapist)

□ (07) European/American TV series (e.g. Sex Education, Money Heist. Excluding movies)

□ (88) Other (Please specify)_______

G4. Why do you want to watch drama series? (Multiple choice.)

□ (01) I watch it because my family is watching it

□ (02) I can talk about the series with my friends.

□ (03) It’s enjoyable.

□ (04) It kills time.

□ (05) It’s relaxing.

□ (06) It’s an escape from schoolwork stress.

□ (07) I can see how others live their lives.

□ (08) I can explore the meaning of relationships (between family, friends, lovers).

□ (09) I can learn about history.

□ (10) I like the actors and actresses in the series.

□ (88) Other (please specify)_______

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G5. Do you agree with the following statements?

Strongly

disagree Disagree

Neither agree

nor disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

(01) If you don’t finish a drama series, you’ll wonder what the ending is.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) You often end up spending more time watching drama series than you originally expected.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) You find it very hard to stop once you start watching drama series.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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H. Use of Cell phones

H1. Do you use a cellphone? (Multiple choice)

□ (01) Yes, I have my own cellphone

□ (02) Yes, I use my parent’s cellphone

□ (03) Yes, I use my friend’s or someone else’s cellphone

□ (04) No Skip to I1.

H2. On average, how many days a week (excluding weekends) do you use phones (it doesn’t matter if the Internet can be accessed) if you only count the time when you’re actually using the phone (including phone calls, listening to music, playing games, getting the news,

watching videos, browsing Facebook, and other things you do on a phone)?

□ (00)0 daysSkip to H4. □ (01) _______ day(s)

H3. On the days (only weekdays) that you’re using your cell phone, roughly how much time do you use it per day if you only count the time when you’re actually using the phone?

_________ hour(s)_________ minute(s)

H4. On average, how many days on the weekend (Saturday and Sunday) do you use phones (it doesn’t matter if the Internet can be accessed) if you only count the time when you’re actually using the phone (including phone calls, listening to music, playing games, getting the news, watching videos, browsing Facebook, and other things you do on a phone)?

□ (00)0 daysSkip to H6. □ (01) _______ day(s) If you answered “0 days” for both H2 and H4, please skip to I1.

H5. On the days that you’re using your cell phone on the weekend, roughly how much time do you use it per day if you only count the time when you’re actually using the phone?

_________ hour(s)_________ minute(s)

H6. When you’re doing the following activities, which ones do you also use your cellphone to chat or text with others (e.g. via LINE, Facebook or Instagram) at the same time? (You may select more than one answer)【Only senior high school students need to answer this question.】

□ (01) Gathering or eating with family □ (08) Shopping

□ (02) Gathering or eating with friends □ (09) Participating in events

□ (03) Dating □ (10) Waiting for or taking public transport

□ (04) Working □ (11) Waiting for others

□ (05) Attending classes □ (90) None of the above

□ (06) Attending meetings □ (88)Other (Please specify)_______

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□ (07) Watching TV

H7. What do you think are the positive things about using the cellphone (via texting, Facebook, Instagram, or LINE) to text or chat with your family and friends? (You may select more than one answer) 【Only senior high school students need to answer this question.】

□ (01) It makes it easy to keep in touch with others

□ (02) You’re not bound by space and time when you’re contacting others

□ (03) It makes it easy to share how you feel with others

□ (04) It makes it easy to share what’s happening in your life with others

□ (05) It makes it easy to keep up with how your friends and family have been

□ (06) It makes it easy to see what your friends and family care about

□ (07) It makes you feel as if your friends and family were always with you

□ (08) It makes it easy to stay emotionally connected with others

□ (09) It’s fun to share humorous or fun things with others

□ (10) It’s fun to send pictures (e.g. memes, corny greetings, stickers) to others

□ (11) It makes it easy to arrange activities with your friends and family

□ (12) It makes it easy to take part in discussions with others

□ (88) Other (Please specify)________

□ (90) None of the above

H8. What do you think are the negative things about using the cellphone (via texting, Facebook, Instagram, or LINE) to text or chat with your family and friends? (You may select more than one answer) 【Only senior high school students need to answer this question.】

□ (01) You are worried that misunderstanding might happen if you don’t reply to (after reading) other people’s messages

□ (02) Sometimes you don’t feel like joining a discussion in a group chat

□ (03) Sometimes you don’t know how to end a conversation

□ (04) Sometimes you don’t know how to reply to a message

□ (05) There are too many irrelevant messages

□ (06) There are so many messages that it’s annoying

□ (07) You feel tired at the thought of having to interact with others at all times

□ (08) You care too much about what you say that might offend others

□ (09) Other people’s messages or posts sometimes make you envious

□ (10) You care too much about what fun or interesting things others are doing

□ (11) You are easily distracted by your friends or family’s messages when you are supposed to be working

□ (12) Your friends or family’s messages could interrupt you from doing what you are supposed to be doing

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H9. How much do you agree with the following statements? 【Only senior high school students need to answer H9(01) and H9(02).】

H10. How much do you agree with the following statements?

【Instructional manipulation checks question Q1_Senior high school and junior high school students need to answer this question.】

H11.What do you usually do on cell phone? (You may select more than one answer)

We are interested in whether you actually take the time to read the directions; if not, then some of our survey results will be ineffective. So, in order to demonstrate that you have read the

instructions, please ignore the items below. Instead, select the box marked “other” and type “I read the instructions” (no quotes) in the text box Thank you very much.

□ Answer calls

□ Watch videos

□ Use LINE

□ Tell time

□ Check map

Strongly

disagree Disagree

Neither agree

nor disagree

Agree Strongly agree

(01) Chatting or texting with others on your cellphone can allow you open up for experiences that enrich your life.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) Chatting or texting with others on your cellphone can allow you want to escape from reality.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

Strongly

disagree Disagree

Neither agree

nor disagree

(01) You find yourself using your phone absent-mindedly. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) You realized you checked your phone only after you have already been using it.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) You daydream about your phone. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(04) You neglect work or schoolwork to spend more time using your phone.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(05) You should decrease the amount of time using your phone.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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□ Other (Please specify)＿＿＿＿

【Attention check question Q1_ Only elementary school students need to answer this question】

H11. Which of the following animals swim in the water?

□ Birds

□ Goldfish

□ Monkeys

□ Cats

【The correct answer is Goldfish】

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I. Internet behavior

If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip this whole section.

I1. How many days per week on average do you surf the Internet using a computer (excluding the usage of mobile phones and tablets; only your Internet-surfing screen time)?

□ (00)0 days □ (01) _______ day(s)

I2. How many days per week on average do you surf the Internet using a tablet (only your Internet- surfing screen time)?

□ (00)0 days □ (01) _______ day(s)

I3. How many days per week on average do you surf the Internet using a mobile phone (e.g., Using LINE, watching YouTube) (only your Internetsurfing screen time)? If your answer for H1.

is 4, please skip this question.

□ (00)0 days □ (01) _______ day(s)

I4. How long do you surf the Internet using the following devices per day on average? (Ask about work and leisure separately.)

Computer Tablet Mobile Phone

School or Work related

How long do you surf the Internet using a computer (excluding the usage of mobile phones and tablets;

only including your Internet-surfing screen time) for learning and working purposes every day?

______hours______minutes Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I1.

How long do you surf the Internet using a tablet (only Including your Internet surfing screen time) for learning and working purposes every day?

_____hours______minutes Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I2.

How long do you surf the Internet using a mobile phone (only including your-Internet surfing screen time) for learning and working purposes every day?

_____hours______minutes If your answer for H1. is 4, please skip this

question.

Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I3.

Not related to work or school

Excluding your working and learning time online, how long do you surf the Internet using a computer for

entertainment and leisure purposes every day on average?

Excluding your working and learning time online, how long do you surf the Internet using a tablet for entertainment and leisure purposes every day on average?

Excluding your working and learning time online, how long do you surf the Internet using a mobile phone for entertainment and leisure purposes every day on average?

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______hours______minutes Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I1.

_____hours______minutes Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I2.

______hours_____minutes If your answer for H1. is 4, please skip this

question.

Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I3.

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I5. Do you use the Internet (including via a cellphone, tablet or computer) for the following reasons? (You may select more than one answer)

□ (01) To stay in touch with others (via LINE, Facebook)

□ (02) For entertainment or recreation (playing games, watching cartoons or anime, watching movies, drama, live streams, listening to music, using social apps, following celebrities, horoscopes, killing time, not knowing what else to do)

□ (03) To acquire information on current events, news, government (looking up buzzwords, reading or watching the news, reading government announcements, checking the

weather)

□ (04) To get information on lifestyle and recreation (food, tourism and travel, healthcare, family life, parental or marriage tips, transportation)

□ (05) For finance, consumption or shopping (information on finance and investment, online shopping, managing finances, making payments, checking the stock market)

□ (06) For learning or work (language learning, online courses, using productivity applications, learning about different software)

Next, we’d like to ask you about “how your parents let you use cellphone or the Internet.”

I6. When do your parents allow you to use a cellphone (either yours or someone else’s)? (You may select more than one answer)

□ (01) Anytime, there are no restrictions

□ (02) Once I’ve finished my homework

□ (03) On weekends

□ (04) After exams

□ (05) When I achieve certain grades at school

□ (06) I don’t use cellphones

I7. How do you access the Internet with your cellphone? Please skip this question if you answered (00) to I3.

□ (01) I have an unlimited data plan

□ (02) I have cellular data but it’s not unlimited

□ (03) I have Wi-Fi at home

□ (04) I get a hotspot from my family or friends

□ (05) I use public Wi-Fi (e.g. school, café)

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I8. Do your parents put restrictions (including outright banning and limiting the amount of time) on how you use the Internet (whether it’s on a cellphone, tablet or computer)?

□ (01) Yes □ (02) No

I9. When you’re using the Internet, what do your parents forbid you from doing? (You may select more than one answer)

□(01) Playing video games (e.g. Arena of Valor, League of Legends)

□(02) Using social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok)

□(03) Watching anime or reading comics (e.g. ani.gamer.com.tw, Webtoon)

□(04) Using video streaming platforms (e.g. YouTube, Twitch, iQIYI, 17LIVE)

□(05) Using instant messengers (e.g. LINE, Facebook Messenger)

□(06) Listening to music (e.g. PartyTu, KKBOX)

□(07) Using dating apps (e.g. Cheers, WooTalk, TanTan, Goodnight, Tinder)

□(08) Using online forums (e.g. Dcard, Meteor, PTT, Enyn)

□(09) Watching porn

□(90) No restrictions

□(88) Other (Please specify)______

I10. In this section, we would like to know how you use the Internet at home. Please respond based on actual conditions.

Never Seldom Sometimes Often (01) My parents don’t allow me to visit certain websites. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(02) My parents set rules about when I can use the Internet and when I cannot.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(03) My parents set a limit on how long I use the Internet. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(04) My parents encourage me to use the Internet. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(05) My parents use the Internet and discuss Internet use and experiences with me.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(06) My parents discuss online stories and events with me. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

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IA. Multi-screen behavior

【Only senior high school students need to answer this section】

IA1. Which one of the following four activities do you most often engage in every day?

(Select only one)

□ (01) Watching TV shows Skip to IA2.

□ (02) Using LINE Skip to IA3.

□ (03) Using Instagram Skip to IA4.

□ (04) Watching YouTube Skip to IA5.

□ (99) None of the above Skip to IA6.

【If your answer for IA1. is (01) Watching TV shows, please answer this question.】

IA2. What do you also do while you’re watching TV shows? (Multiple choice.)

□ (01) Using LINE

□ (02) Using Instagram

□ (03) Watching YouTube

【If your answer for IA1. is (02) Using LINE, please answer this question.】

IA3. What do you also do while you’re using LINE? (Multiple choice.)

□ (01) Watching TV shows

【If your answer for IA1. is (03) Using Instagram, please answer this question.】

IA4. What do you also do while you’re using Instagram? (Multiple choice.)

□ (02) Using LINE

【If your answer for IA1. is (04) Watching YouTube, please answer this question.】

IA5. What do you also do while you’re watching YouTube? (Multiple choice.)

□ (02) Using LINE

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IA6. Which two devices do you most frequently use at the same time? (Please select two. For example, if you use your cellphone while watching TV, please select “TV” and “Cellphone”)

□ (01) TV

□ (02) Cellphone

□ (03) Tablet

□ (04) Laptop

□ (05) Desktop

□ (06) I never use two different devices at the same time Skip to K1.

□ (88) Other (Please specify)_____

IA7. What is the main reason as to why you would use two devices at the same time?

(Select only one)

□ (01) I’m used to having some background noise

□ (02) I want to browse for more information

□ (03) It is fun and relaxing

□ (04) I want to stay in touch with friends and relatives

IA8. Normally, when people see something that they’re interested in (e.g. food, outfit, merchandise) on TV or in a video, they’d look it up online or talk to other people about it…

Never SeldomSometimes Often

(01) How often do you use a different device to go online and search for additional information on an item? (For example, if you see a dish on “TV”, and you start looking it up using your “cellphone” at the same time.)

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(02) How often do you use a different device to go online and chat with others about an item? (For example, if you see an outfit on “TV”, and you start chatting with your friends on social media using your “cellphone” at the same time.)

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

If you answered “(1)Never” for both IA8(01) and IA8(02), please skip to K1.

IA9. Do you agree with the following statements?

Strongly

disagree Disagree

Neither agree

nor disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

(01) To follow up the previous question, how helpful is the information you acquire, either

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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through searching or chatting with others online, in terms of helping you assess and know more about the item?

(02) Does the information you acquire on the item through searching or chatting with others online make you think buying the item would be a safe bet?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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K. New media use behavior (instant messaging apps, social media and online video platform)

If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip to M1.

K1. In the past month, which of the following instant messaging apps, social media or online video platform do you use (including on the phone, tablet or computer)? (Multiple choice)

(1) instant messaging apps (2) social media (3) online video platform

□ (01) LINE □ (01) Facebook

□ (01) YouTube

□ (02) FB Messenger

□ (02) Instagram □ (02) iQiyi

□ (03) Wechat □ (03) Twitter □ (03) Netflix

□ (04) WhatsApp □ (04) LinkedIn □ (04) KKTV

□ (05) Hangouts □ (05) Weibo □ (05) LINE TV

□ (06) Skype □ (06) Plurk □ (06) Li TV

□ (07) Facetime □ (07) TikTok □ (07) Twitch

□ (08) Telegram

□ (90) None of the above □ (90) None of the above □ (90) None of the above

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If you didn’t answer 01 on K1(2)., skip to K3a.

K2a. How many days a week do you use Facebook? (Exclude FB Messenger)

□ (00)0 days Skip to K3a. □ (01)_________day(s)

K2b. On the days that you do use Facebook, roughly how much time do you use it per day (only count the time when you’re actually using Facebook)?

________hour (s) _______ minute(s)

K2c. Which of the following are the main reasons or motives as to why you use Facebook?

(Multiple choice)【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□ (01) To communicate

□ (02) To maintain relationships with friends and family

□ (03) To make new friends

□ (04) To share my thoughts and feelings with friends

□ (05) To share tidbits of my life with my friends

□ (06) To not miss out on what’s happening between my friends/family

□ (07) Checking the status updates or posts from people I’m interested in.

□ (08) Exposing something I’m interested in.

□ (09) For work or school

□ (10) To get new informations

□ (11) To learn new things

□ (12) Recording tidbits of my life (e.g. posting pictures of travels, food, workouts)

□ (13) Sharing or commentating on current events to showcase my unique perspective

□ (14) To get away from school or work

□ (15) To kill time

□ (16) For recreation or entertainment

□ (17) It’s become a habit

□ (88) Other (Please specify)________

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K2d. What do you usually do on Facebook? (You may select more than one answer)【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01) Writing posts (including text, pictures, videos, check-ins, blogs, albums)

□ (02) Sharing or reposting posts (including text, pictures, videos, check-ins, blogs, albums)

□ (03) Commenting or liking other people’s posts

□ (04) Browsing pictures or articles (including memes, corny greetings)

□ (05) Doing live streams

□ (06) Commenting or liking posts in groups

□ (07) Browsing my friends’ posts (including text, pictures, videos, check-ins, blogs, albums)

□ (08) Browsing what my friends share or repost (including text, pictures, videos, check-ins, blogs, albums)

□ (09) Watching live streams (e.g. of friends, celebrities or KOLS, about food, video games, make-ups)

□ (10) Browsing posts or videos that are automatically recommended to you

□ (11) Browsing the news

□ (12) Browsing ads

□ (13) Following (liking) pages that I’m interested in

□ (14) Browsing “Memories” on timelines

□ (15) Browsing birthday messages of the day

□ (16) Exploring events that I’m interested in

□ (17) Shopping, buying or selling things

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K3a. How many days a week do you use Instagram?

□ (00)0 days Skip to K4a. □ (01)_________ day(s)

K3b. On the days that you do use Instagram, roughly how much time do you use it per day (only count the time when you’re actually using Instagram)?

_______hour (s) _______ minute(s)

K3c. Which of the following are the main reasons or motives as to why you use Instagram?

(Multiple choice) 【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

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K3d. What do you usually do on Instagram? (You may select more than one answer) 【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01) Writing posts (including photos, pictures, videos)

□ (02) Publishing Stories

□ (03) Doing live streams

□ (05) Commenting or liking other people’s posts

□ (06) Replying to other people’s Stories

□ (07) Browsing my friends’ posts (including photos, pictures, videos)

□ (08) Browsing my friends’ Stories

□ (09) Watching live streams (e.g. of friends, celebrities or KOLS, about food, video games, make-ups)

□ (10) Browsing posts or videos that are automatically recommended to you

□ (11) Browsing ads

□ (12) Following accounts or hashtags that I’m interested in (e.g. celebrities, KOLs, travels, food)

□ (13) Archiving posts

□ (14) Using filters, special effects or games in Stories (e.g. Boomerang, hashtag, polls, questions)

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K4a. How many days a week do you use LINE?

□ (00)0 days Skip to K5a. □ (01)_________ day(s)

K4b. On the days that you do use LINE, roughly how much time do you use it per day (Time spent on actually texting, talking on LINE, or browsing LINE Today)?

_______hour (s) _______ minute(s)

K4c. Which of the following are the main reasons or motives as to why you use LINE? (Multiple choice) 【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

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K4d. What do you usually do on LINE? (You may select more than one answer) 【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01) Texting others

□ (02) Sending audio messages to others

□ (03) Making free voice calls

□ (04) Sending stickers or emojis

□ (05) Sending pictures

□ (06) Sending videos

□ (07) Sending location pins

□ (08) Reading other people’s messages

□ (10) Sharing pictures and articles with others (including memes and corny greetings)

□ (11) Browsing the news page (LINE Today)

□ (12) Using LINE Pay

□ (13) Buying stickers and themes

K4f. Do you have the following feelings after using LINE?【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□ (01) It easy for me to keep in touch with my friends and family.

□ (02) It’s fun to read some forwarded messages (e.g. jokes, videos, short articles).

□ (03) It easy for me to get the news.

□ (04) It easy for me to know how my friends and family are doing.

□ (05) It gives me more opportunities to participate in different events (e.g. gatherings, hiking or mountain-climbing trips).

□ (06) When you read a message from your friends or family without replying, it may cause misunderstandings.

□ (07) Forwarded messages (e.g. “Good morning” pictures, jokes, health info, preachy articles) are annoying.

□ (08) LINE is very time consuming.

□ (09) There are too many irrelevant or random messages in LINE groups.

□ (10) All the invites from LINE groups gives me a headache.

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If you didn’t answer 01 on K1(3)., skip to L1.

K5a. How many days a week do you use YouTube?

□ (00)0 days Skip to L1. □ (01)_________ day(s)

K5b. On the days that you do use YouTube, roughly how much time do you use it per day (only count the time when you’re actually using YouTube)?

_______hour (s) _______ minute(s)

K5c. Which of the following are the main reasons or motives as to why you use YouTube?

□ (01) It gives you to have more topics for conversation with other people.

□ (02) Making friends online who share the same thoughts or interests

□ (03) Providing others with information

□ (04) Finding out more about interesting things

□ (05) Acquiring new information

□ (06) Learning something new (e.g. dancing, singing, cooking)

□ (07) Learning professional skills or knowledge (e.g. statistics, open courses)

□ (08) It helps you understand what is currently happening in society.

□ (09) Finding out more about products

□ (10) Knowing more about political issues

□ (11) Keeping up with the news

□ (12) Keeping up with current trends

□ (13) Managing your own channel and promoting yourself

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K5d. What do you usually do on YouTube? (You may select more than one answer) 【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01) Uploading videos that you make

□ (02) Leaving comments in the comment section

□ (03) Interacting with others in the chat room (including the streamers) while watching live streams

□ (04) Watching live streams (e.g. video game live streaming, concerts)

□ (05) Watching recommended videos

□ (06) Watching the news

□ (07) Watching trending videos

□ (08) Reading other people’s comments in the comment section

□ (09) Watching videos that are published by channels you follow

□ (10) Subscribing to channels that interest you

□ (11) Creating playlists (either public or private)

K5e. What type of content do you watch on YouTube? (You may select more than one answer)

【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□(01) Videos of KOLs □(02)Gaming videos (e.g. video game live streaming, watching YouTubers play video games)

□(03) Anime □(04) Funny videos

□(05) Instructional videos (e.g. journal keeping, handcrafting, cooking, musical instruments, software)

□(06) Language teaching

□(07)MV □(08) Films □(09) Microcinema □(10) Idol dramas

□(11)Cartoons □(12) Humorous or meme videos (e.g. Coincidance) □(13) Variety shows

□(14) Television series □(15) Dancing □(16) Live concerts □(17) Press conferences

□(18) Concerts □(19) Musicals □(20) Song covers □(21)Sporting events

□(22) Animals □(23) Family videos □(24) News programs □(25) Political talk shows

□(26) Live awards ceremonies □(27)Documentaries

□(28) Erotica □(29) The latest technology

□(30) Experience sharing (such as TED) □(31) Beauty and cosmetics □(32) Fashion

□(33) Health care □(34) Advertisements □(35) Fan press conferences

□(88) Other (Please specify)______

K5f. How often do you share or forward online audio/videos? 【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01)Never Skip to K5h.

□ (02)Seldom

□ (03)Sometimes

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□ (04)Often

K5g. What types of video do you repost/forward or share with others? (You may select more than one answer)【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□(01) Something that makes people angry

□(02) Something that makes people happy

□(03) Something humorous

□(04) Something touching

□(05) Something creative

□(06) Something thought-provoking

□(07) Something useful

□(08) Something beautiful

□(09) Anecdotes (regarding novel)

□(10) Something horrifying

□(11) Videos about idols

□(12) Videos about attractive men and women

□(88) Other (please specify) _____

K5h. How often do you upload videos you have created to share with others on YouTube?【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01)Never Skip to L1.

□ (02)Seldom

□ (03)Sometimes

□ (04)Often

K5i. What types of self-made videos do you upload to YouTube?【Only senior high school students need to answer this question】

□ (01) Funny videos □ (02) Live events □ (03) Home videos □ (04) Travel videos

□ (05) Gatherings □ (06) Parody videos □ (07) Memes □ (08) Live concerts

□ (09) Animal videos □ (10) Song cover videos

□ (11) Videos from event data recorders

□ (12) Videos about idols

□ (13) Videos about special interest (such as video game live streaming, game achievement, dance, singing and railway videos)

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L. Internet Usage and Behavior

L1. There are many online platforms that can help with schoolwork or extracurricular skills (e.g.

YouTube, Junyi Academy, PaGamO, Khan Academy, Coursera, edX, Udacity, Lynda.com, LinkedIn Learning, and other apps). Have you ever used these platforms to learn the following? (Multiple choice)

□ (01) How to use a computer, tablet or cellphone

□ (02) Application software and coding (e.g. Software such as Excel, Word, Photoshop, or programing languages such as Python, C, or HTML)

□ (03) Video editing

□ (04) Languages

□ (05) Schoolwork (e.g. math, science, history)

□ (06) Music or musical instruments

□ (07) Drawing, crafting, designing or other arts

□ (08) Dancing

□ (09) Track and field, ball sports, gymnastics, workouts or other physical activities

□ (10) Home economics, lifestyle (e.g. cooking, knitting, sewing, home repair)

□ (11) Professional certificates (e.g. IT, finance and investment, culinary certification)

□ (88) Other (please specify)___＿＿＿

□ (90) None of the aboveSkip to L3.

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L2. In terms of online learning activities that you most frequently take part in, to what extend do you agree with the following statements?

Strongly

disagree Disagree

Neither agree

nor disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

(01) These online learning activities make me feel happy and content.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) These online learning activities make my parents, teachers or friends like me more.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) These online learning activities make me feel like I’m learning with others.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(04) These online learning activities help me improve my learning.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(05) Even if these online learning activities are difficult, I’m confident that I’m able to finish them.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

L3. On which health related topics have you done some searching online?

□ (01) Sports

□ (02) Physical fitness

□ (03) Nutrition

□ (04) Reproductive health

□ (05) Stress management

□ (06) Depression

□ (07) Anxiety

□ (08) Mental health

□ (88) Other (please specify)___＿＿＿

L4. Please answer the following questions based on your own experience.

Strongly

disagree Disagree

Neither agree

nor disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

(01) You know how to find helpful health resources on the Internet.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) You know how to use the Internet to answer your health questions.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) You know how to use the health information you find on 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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the Internet to help you.

(04) You can tell high quality from low quality health resources on the Internet.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(05) You feel confident in using information from the Internet to make health decisions.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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M. Video games

M1a. On average, how many hours in a week do you play video games (including mobile games, computer games, Facebook games, MMORPGs, handheld systems [such as Nintendo 3DS, Switch], VR games [that require headsets] and AR games [such as Pokémon Go])?

□ (00) 0 hours Skip to M6a. □ (01)_________ hour(s)

M1b. Which genres of games (including mobile apps) do you usually play? (You may choose more than one answer)【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□ (01) MMORPG (e.g. World of Warcraft, Lineage, Ragnarok Online)

□(02) PC RPG (e.g. Chinese Paladin, Xuan-Yuan Sword)

□(03) FPS (e.g. PUBG, APEX, Overwatch)

□(04) Action and adventure games (e.g. Monster Hunter, Super Mario Odyssey, Red Dead Redemption)

□(05) Fighting games (e.g. Street Fighter, King of Fighters, Mortal Kombat)

□(06) Puzzle or leisure games (e.g. Candy Crush, Travel Frog, Monument Valley)

□(07) Racing games(e.g. KartRider Rush+, Garena Speed Drifters)

□(08) Sports games(e.g. Slam Dunk, BB Online, NBA 2K20)

□(09) Music (e.g. X-BEAT, DEEMO, Taiko Master)

□(10) Casino or gambling games(e.g. Xin-Stars Online, Celebrity Mahjong 3+1)

□(11) VR games (requires a headset, e.g. Resident Evil 7: Biohazard)

□(12) AR games (e.g. Pokémon Go)

□(13) MOBA(e.g. League of Legends, Arena of Valor, Identity V)

□(14) Card games(e.g. Hearthstone, Shadowverse, Clash Royale)

□(15) Simulation games(e.g. Animal Crossing, Mr Love: Dream Date, The tale of food, I Love Coffee)

□(16) Open world games(e.g. Minecraft, Grand Theft Auto)

□(88) Other (please specify) _______

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M2. Which of the following are the main reasons or motives as to why you play video games?

□(01) Enjoying the feeling of competing with other people (e.g. challenging, or defeating others).

□(02) Discovering different possibilities (e.g. exploring the world, gaining knowledge, or understanding the unknown).

□(03) Allowing me to play a different role (e.g. designing different plots, playing as historical figures, creating different characters, or entering a world of fantasy).

□(04) Running away from things (e.g. relaxing, escaping from my daily life, or forgetting about my worries).

□(05) Allowing me to interact with my friends (e.g. chatting, helping others, or making friends).

□(06) Allowing me to enhance my gaming skills (e.g. progressing through games faster, getting better, accumulating experience, or leveling up).

□(07) Helping me maintain good interpersonal relationships (e.g. becoming closer with my friends, sharing information about myself, or getting emotional support).

□(08) Enjoying the process of creating a game character (e.g. designing a character ’ s appearance, accessories, styles, or different aesthetics).

□(09) Having the opportunity to team up with others (e.g. collaborating with others, setting up teams, or sharing a sense of accomplishment).

□(10) Understanding how games are designed (e.g. the number of levels, how to optimize a game, design templates, or analyzing a game)

□ (11) Entertaining, fun, and exciting.

M3. When playing video games, which of the following feelings do you tend to experience?

□(01) Encouraged

□(02) Touched

□(03) Excited

□(04) Reflective

□(05) Fun

□(06) Inspired

□(07) Amazed

□(08) Enjoyment

□(09) A sense of meaning in life

□(88) Other (please specify)_______

□(90) None of the above

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M4. When playing video games, how much do you agree with the following statements?

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Neither agree nor

disagree

(01) You feel addicted to a certain game. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) You spend much free time on video games. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) You play video games longer than intended. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(04) Playing video games requires a lot of thinking. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(05) Playing video games requires emotional investment. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(06) Playing video games requires a lot of socializing. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(07) Playing video games requires a lot of energy. 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

M5. Please answer the following questions based on your own actual experience.【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

Never Seldom Sometimes Often

(01) How often do your parents tell you when to you can play video games?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(02) How often do your parents tell you what video games you can play?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(03) How often do your parents play games with you? 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(04) How often do your parents tell you that playing games is not good for you?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(05) How often do your parents allow you to play some games but not others?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

(06) How often do your parents keep an eye on your gaming behavior?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□

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M6a. On average, how many days in a week do you watch streaming for game playing (including Twitch, YouTube Gaming and Facebook Gaming)?

□ (00)0 days Skip to N1 □ (01)_______ day(s)

M6b. On days when you watch streaming for game playing, how many hours to you watch per day?

_____hour(s) _____ minute(s)

M7. Which of the following are the main reasons why you watch video game live streaming? (You may select more than one answer.)【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□(01) I can enjoy the excitement of the game without actually playing.

□(02) The streamers are more skillful than me so it’s more exciting to watch them play.

□(03) I can learn some techniques from the streams and improve my own performance.

□(04) It helps me decide whether I want to play a certain game or not.

□(05) It gives me something to talk about with my friends.

□(06) I watch streaming because all my friends are watching, too.

□(07) I like the streamers.

□(08) I feel the companionship of others when I watch streaming.

□(09) I can interact and engage with the streamers when I watch streaming.

□(10) I can interact and engage with other people online when I watch streaming.

□(11) It helps me escape from everyday stress.

□(12) It’s a way to kill time.

□(13) It’s a recreation.

□(14) It’s a habit.

□(88) Others (please specify) _______

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N. Personal Values

N1. Do you agree with the following statement?

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Neither agree nor

disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

(01) There are several people you trust to help solve your problems

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) When talking to others face-to-face, you’re afraid to speak up in conversations.【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) When chatting with others online through text, you’re afraid to speak up in conversations.If your answer for B1. is 2, please skip this question.

【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(04) After knowing what others are doing online (e.g.

looking at memes, watching anime or drama), you’d also want to give it a try.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(05) After knowing what others are talking about online (e.g. looking at memes, watching anime or drama), you’d also feel interested.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(06) You’re usually very focused when you’re doing something.【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(07) You feel confident that you can do things well.

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(08) You feel you have been doing what really interests you.【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(09) You feel close and connected with other people who are important to you (e.g. family, friends).

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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N2a. The following section will enquire about your satisfaction toward certain matters.。

【The option “Not applicable” in N2a(02) is only presented in elementary school questionnaire】

Strongly dissatisfied

Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied

Strongly satisfied

(01) In general, are you satisfied with your life? 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(02) In general, are you satisfied with your school grades? 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(03) In general, are you satisfied with how you get along with friends?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(04) In general, are you satisfied with your current health conditions?

1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

(05) In general, are you satisfied with yourself? 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□

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N2b. Overall, are you happy about your current life?

□(01) Very unhappy

□(02) Unhappy

□(03) Neutral

□(04) Happy

□(05) Very happy

N3. Overall, do you currently feel lonely?

□(01) Not at all lonely

□(02) Not very lonely

□(03) Neutral

□(04) Lonely

□(05) Very lonely

N4. There are enough people you feel close to.

□ (01) Strongly disagree

□ (02) Disagree

□ (03) Neither agree nor disagree

□ (04) Agree

□ (05) Strongly agree

N5. What is your average grade in school?【Elementary school students do not need to answer this question】

□(01) 90 and above □(02) 85-89 □(03) 80-84

□(04) 75-79 □(05) 70-74 □(06) 65-69

□(07) 60-64 □(08) 59 and below □(97)I don’t know

N6. How would you rate your academic performance?

□ (01) Extremely good

□ (02) Good

□ (03) Neither good nor bad

□ (04) Bad

□ (05) Extremely bad

N7. What scores did you get for each subject in your CAP (Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students) exam?【Only senior high school students need to answer this section】

Subjects A++ A+ A B++ B+ B C I don’t

know (01) Chinese

(42)

(02) English (03) Math (04) Social

studies (05) Science

【Attention check question Q2】

N8. How many colors of the rainbow?

(1) 3 colors (2) 4 colors (3) 5 colors (4) 6 colors (5) 7 colors

【The correct answer is (5)7 colors】

(43)

Please answer the following based on your actual experience.

N8a. How often are you physically exhausted?

□(01)Never

□(02)Seldom

□(03)Sometimes

□(04)Often

N8b. How often are you emotionally exhausted (such as feeling helpless or frustrated)?

□(01)Never

□(02)Seldom

□(03)Sometimes

□(04)Often

N9. Over the last week, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

0 days

1 days

2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days

(01) Little interest or pleasure in doing things 0□ 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□ 6□ 7□

(02) Feeling down, depressed or hopeless 0□ 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□ 6□ 7□

(03) Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge 0□ 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□ 6□ 7□

(04) Not being able to stop or control worrying 0□ 1□ 2□ 3□ 4□ 5□ 6□ 7□

N10a. In the past month, what time do you normally go to bed from Monday to Friday?

________

N10b. In the past month, what time do you normally wake up from Monday to Friday?

________

N10c. In the past month, what time do you normally go to bed on weekends?

________

N10d. In the past month, what time do you normally wake up on weekends?

________

(44)

O. Family Status

O1. What is the current employment status of your father?

□ (01) Full-time employment

□ (02) Part-time employment

□ (03) Irregular (odd jobs)

□ (04) Helping with the family business

□ (05) Currently unemployed Skip to O4.

□ (06) Student/advanced studies and unemployed Skip to O4.

□ (07) Student/advanced studies and working part time

□ (08) Retired Skip to O3.

□ (09) Cannot work because of age, disability, or illness Skip to O4.

□ (10) Housework and unemployed Skip to O4.

□ (11) Serving compulsory military service or alternative service Skip to O4.

□ (88) Others (please specify) _______

□ (99) I don’t know Skip to O4.

□ (90) Not applicable (e.g. Deceased, divorced) Skip to O4.

O2. What is the profession of your father?

□ (01)Elected representative, administrative director, business executive, or manager (such as legislator, representative, department head, chairman, chairperson of the board,

manager, or proprietor)

□ (02) Proprietor of a small or medium enterprise (such as restaurateur, grocer, or storeowner)

□ (03) Professional (such as teacher, researcher, lawyer, accountant, financial or investment advisor, medical doctor, healthcare professional, architect, engineer, pilot, analyst, IT personnel, performer, musician, artist, dancer, director, interpreter, or journalis)

□ (04) Technician or associate professional (such as electrics, electronics, chemical engineering, IT technician, engineering technician, technician, mechanic, designer, professional athlete, assistant, insurance sales, bank clerk, securities specialist, real estate agent, lighting specialist, or masseu)

□ (05) Service staff (such as switchboard operator, clerical worker, secretary, administrative staff, accounting staff, cashier, or receptionist)

□ (06) Service worker or shop assistant (such as chef, beautician, feng shui master, security guard, care worker, nanny, shop assistant, vendor, tour guide, flight attendant, online seller, or store clerk)

□ (07) Agriculture, forestry, fishery, or animal husbandry staff (such as farmer, fisherman, ship’s crew, or fish and animal husbandary staff)

□ (08) Skilled worker (such as plumber, electrician, carpenter, construction worker, interior