英语常用句型句式大解剖
初学英语的人常常感到在掌握一些英语单词和 基本语法后，还是存在一定的阅读理解障碍，并且在 英语说和写方面还是很难表达自己，这其中一个重要 原因是没有掌握一些英语句型，只有掌握了一些句型 才能比较正确地理解英语篇章、比较完整地表达自己 的见解。 本阶段总结了各式各样的英文常见句型句式， 并进行了细致的分类和总结。为你在迷途中指明 方向。第
1 节
五大基本英文句式
从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句 子中，可归纳为五个基本句式。 S（主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓） Time flies. 时光飞逝。 S + V + adverbial（状语） Birds sing beautifully. 鸟儿动听地歌唱。 S + Vi + Prep Phrase（介词短语） He went on holiday. 他去度假了。 S + Vi + Infinitive（不定式） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一会儿。 S + Vi + Participle（分词） I'll go swimming. 我要去游泳。 S（主）+ Vt（及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） We like English. 我们喜欢英语。 S + Vt + N / Pron（名词或代词） I like music. 我喜欢音乐。 I like her. 我喜欢她。 S + Vt + Infinitive（不定式） I want to help him. 我想去帮助他。常 用 于 这 句 型 的 动 词 有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish 等。
S + Vt + Wh-word + Infinitive（不定式）
I don't know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。
003
I enjoy living here. 我喜欢住在这儿。
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help 等。
S + Vt + That-clause（That 从句）
I don't think (that) he is right. 我认为他不正确。
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel（觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出）, show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder（觉得奇怪）。
S（主）+ V（谓） / （Lv 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。
除了 be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：
1）表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2）表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go 等。
3）表延续的动词，remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest 等。 4）表瞬时的动词，come, fall, set, cut, occur 等。
5） 其他动词，eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang 等。
S + Lv + N / Pron（名词 / 代词） He is a boy. 他是个男孩儿。 This is mine. 这是我的。 S + Lv + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful. 她是美丽的。 S + Lv + Adv ( 副词） Class is over. 课程结束了。 S + Lv + Prep Phrase（介词短语） He is in good health. 他身体健康。 S + Lv + Participle（分词） He is excited. 他是激动的。 The film is interesting. 这部电影是有趣的。 S（主）+ Vt（谓）+ In-O（间接宾语）+ D-O（直接宾语） I give you help. 我会帮助你。
S + Vt + N / Pron + N I sent him a book. 我送给他一本书。 I bought May a book. 我给梅买了一本书。 S + Vt + N / Pron + To / for-phrase He sent a book to me. 他送给我一本书。 He bought a coat for me. 他给我买了一件外套。
间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有：allow, bring（带来）, deny, do, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write 等。
间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play（演奏）, save, sing, spare 等。
S（主）+ Vt（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
I make you clear. 我给你解释清楚。
S + Vt + N / Pron + N
We named our baby Tom. 我们给孩子取名叫汤姆。
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate（命名）。
S + Vt + N / Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white. 他把墙刷成了白色。
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish 等。
S + Vt + N / Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 她总是把一切都处理的井井有条。 S + Vt + N / Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay. 我希望你留下。 I made him work. 我让他工作。 常用于这句型的动词有：
1） 不定式带 to 的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等。 2） 不 定 式 不 带 to 的 词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,
notice, see, watch 等。
S + Vt + N / Pron + Participle（分词）
005
S + Vt + N / Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He shows me how to do it. 他向我演示怎么操作。
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell 等。
S + Vt + N / Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great. 他告诉我这部电影棒极了。
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm 等。
S + Vt + N / Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do. 他问我他应该做什么。
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell 等。
第
2 节
英语常用句型的分类
否定句型
一般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news. 我不知道这个。没有消息就是好消息。 no person
There is not a person smoking in the house. not any person
没有人在屋子里吸烟。
特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him. 他去了他的办公室，没有看见他。 I am sorry for not coming on time. 对于没有准时来到，我感到抱歉。 I don't think / believe / suppose / feel / imagine you are right.
我认为 / 相信 / 以为 / 感觉 / 猜想你是不对的。
部分否定
All the answers are not right. 所有的答案并不都正确。 All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的东西并不都是黄金。 I don't know all of them. 我并不都认识他们。
I can't see everybody / everything. 我没全看到每个人 / 明白每件事。 Both of them are not right. 他俩并不都对。
全体否定
None of my friends smoke. 我的朋友们都不吸烟。
I can see nothing / nobody. 我什么都没明白 / 没看到任何人。 Neither of them is right. 他们都不对。
Nothing can be so simple as this. 没有一件事像这件这么简单。
延续否定
You didn't see him, neither / nor did I. 你没看见他，我也没看见。 You don't know, I don't know either. 你不知道，我也不知道。
He doesn't know English, let alone / to say nothing of / not to speak of French. 他不懂英语，更不用说法语。
半否定句
We seldom / hardly / scarcely / barely hear such fine singing. 我们很少听到如此美妙的歌声。
I know little English. I saw few people. 我懂一点儿英语。我看到极少的人。
双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing. 你不能无中生有。 What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。
No gain without pains. 没有付出，没有收获。 I can't help / keep / laughing whenever I hear it. 无论何时听到它，我都禁不住大笑。
No man is so old but (that) he can learn. 活到老，学到老。
排除否定
Everyone is ready except you. 除了你以外，每个人都准备好了。 He did nothing but play. 他除了玩什么都不干。
But for your help, I couldn't do it. 没有你的帮助，我不可能做到。
加强否定
I won't do it at all. 我根本不会那样做。 I can't see it any more. 我没再看见它。 He is no longer a boy. 他不再是个男孩儿。
判断句型
一般判断句
007 We regarded / consider it as an honor. 我们视它为一种光荣。
强调判断
It is English that we should learn. 我们应该学的是英语。 It is he who helped me a lot. 帮助我最多的人是他。
弱式判断
Your sentence doesn't sound / look / appear / feel right. 你的句子听起来 / 看起来 / 看来 / 感觉不对。
You look / seem / as if / as thought you had been there before. 好像你以前去过那里。
Maybe / Perhaps she is ill. 可能她生病了。 He is probably ill. 他大概病了。
He is likely ill. 他很可能病了。
It is possible that he is late. 有可能他迟到了。
注释判断
He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary. 他能记住如此多的英语单词，就是说他是本活字典。
正反判断
That sounds all right, but in fact it is not. 听起来正确，但实际上不是。
比较判断
It is more a picture than a poem. 与其说它是一首诗，倒不如说它是一幅画。
互斥判断
He or you are wrong. 他或你是错的。
Either he is right or I am. 或者他对，或者我对。
祝愿祈使句式
一般句式
Study hard and keep fit. 努力学习，保持健康。 Be brave! Don't be shy! 勇敢点儿！别害羞！ Get out of here. 出去。
强语式
Do tell me. 告诉我。 Never tell a lie. 绝不说谎。
Please tell me the truth. 请告诉我事实。
Would / Will / Won't you do me a favor? 难道不帮我个忙吗？ Would / Do you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗？ What / How / about going on foot? 步行去怎么样？
建议祈使句
Let us go. Let us know the time. 我们去吧。让我们知道时间。 Don't let the fire out. 别让火出来。
Let's not waste the time. 让我们别浪费时间。 You'd better start early. 你最好早点儿开始。
Shall we listen to some music? 让我们听听音乐吧？
Why don't you get something to drink? 为什么你不喝点儿什么？
Suppose / supposing you pick me up at about six? 假定你大约六点来接我？ I suggest we (should) take the train. 我提议我们乘火车。
祝愿句
Success to you! 祝你成功！
Wish you a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快！ May you have a happy marriage. 祝你幸福！ Here's to your success! 庆祝你的成功！
Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship! 允许我提议为我们的友谊干杯！
感叹句型
How well he speaks! 他讲得多么的好啊！ How kind she is! 她多么的善良啊 ! What a nice weather it is! 多好的天气啊！ Here he comes! 他来了！ Such is life! 人生就是这样！ Wonderful! 棒极了！ Help! 救命！ 疑问句型 一般疑问句 Is he a doctor? 他是医生吗？
Do you know the way to the station? 你知道去车站的路吗？
反意疑问句
009 距离 / 宽度 / 尺寸 / 人口 / 温度 / 费用是多少？ Who is he? 他是谁？ What is he? 他是干什么的？ What is he like? 他这人怎么样？ How is he? 他怎么样？
How do you like him? 你觉得他怎么样？ What do you think of him? 你认为他怎么样？
What do you mean by saying this? 你说这个是什么意思？
选择疑问句
Is he a doctor or a nurse? 他是医生还是护士？
间接疑问句
Do you know how old he is? 你知道他多大了吗？ Tell me if / whether you like it. 告诉我你是否喜欢它？
What do you think / say / suppose I should do?你认为 / 说 / 猜想我应该做什么？
数词句型
表数目
It is exactly ten o'clock. 确切地说是十点整。 It is five miles away from here. 离这五英里远。
He is more than / over / at least / not less than 20. 他二十多岁。 He is under / at most / no more than 20. 他不到二十岁。
表年月日
He was born on April 22, 1994 / in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 他出生于 1994 年 4 月 22 日 / 1994 年 10 月 1 日的早晨。
表年龄
He is 20 years old / years of age. 他二十岁。 He is at the age of 10. 他十岁。
表倍数
It is four times that of last years. 它是去年的四倍。
This is four times as big (again) as that one. 这个是那个的四倍。 This is four times bigger than that one. 这个比那个大四倍。 The income is double what it was. 收入增加一倍。
表计量
It is 10 meters long / wide / high. 它 10 米长 / 宽 / 高。 It costs me 100 yuan. 它花了我 100 元。
I spent 10 hours to finish it. 我花费 10 个小时完成了它。 It took me 10 days to finish it. 我花了 10 天的时间完成它。 It is worth 100 yuan. 它价值 100 元。
关联指代句型
两项关连
I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. 我有两本书，一本是汉语书，另一本是英语书。 I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. 我有五本书，一本是汉语书，其他的是英语书。 To say is one thing, but / and / to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。
On the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend. 一方面，我是你的老师，另一方面，我也是你的朋友。
Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 一些人喜欢踢足球，其他的人喜欢篮球。
先后顺序
First / firstly, I wish good health, second / secondly success in your study, third / thirdly good luck in everything. 首先 / 第一，我祝你身体健康，其次 / 第二，祝你 学业有成，第三，祝你万事如意。
First stop, then look, finally cross. 首先停下，然后观看，最后穿越。
At first / in the beginning / he worked hard. Later / Afterwards he is not so diligent. 起初他工作努力，过后他就不那么勤奋了。
修饰限制
This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的书一样。 This is the same book that I lost yesterday. 这是我昨天丢的那本书。 Don't trust such a man as overpraise you. 不要相信过度赞扬你的人。 He / One / Those / They who should come failed to appear.
他 / 那个人 / 那些人 / 他们应该来却没出现。
A man / A person / The one / Anyone / People who saw her liked her very much. 任何人 / 人们见到她都非常喜欢她。
The day / time / moment will come when China is strongest in the world. 中国成为世界上最强大的国家的一天 / 时刻终会到来。
