網路適性測驗在特殊教育之應用

ᆛၡ፾܄ෳᡍӧ੝ਸ௲ػϐᔈҔ

ഋᒴᗶ ೾դԽ ቅ෩ο

௲ػ೽ύ೽ᒤϦ࠻ ୯ҥѠύ௲ػεᏢ ٥ࢪεᏢ

˸ˀ˄ˆ˃ˆ˓̀˴˼˿ˁ̇̃˷˸ˁ˸˷̈ˁ̇̊ʳ ʳ ʳ [email protected]ʳ ʳ ʳ ˿˻˶˓̇˻̀̈ˁ˸˷̈ˁ̇̊ʳ

ᄔा

Ҟ߻୯ϣѦа၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕ(Item Response Theory)௖૸ඵૈምᛖᏢғޑ߄౜௃׎ᆶወӧ੝፦ (latent traits)܈ૈΚ (abilities) ໔ᜢ߯ޑࣴز٠ό

ӭǴҁፕЎаҗৣεЈෳύЈว৖୯ύ୷ҁᏢΚෳ ᡍޑᜢᗖਡЈמೌ IRT ࣁ୷ᘵǴஒ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕϷ ႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍຑໆচ౛ᔈҔܭ੝ਸ௲ػሦୱǴ׆ ఈૈว৖р΋঺፾ӝيЈምᛖᏢғૈΚຑ՗Ъঋ ڀࣽᏢ౛ፕ୷ᘵϐёՉኳԄǶ ! ! ҁࣴز௖૸аଯᙍ੝௲੤ፐำᆜाጓᇙ ჴҔኧᏢૈΚख़ाࡰ኱Ϸ၂ᚒǴၮҔ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕ ΟୖኧჹኧኳԄϩ݋ǴаΑှଯᙍ੝௲੤ᏢғჴҔ ኧᏢำࡋǶനࡕࡌ࿼ଯᙍ੝௲੤ჴҔኧᏢ᠘ۓ፾܄ ෳᡍس಍ǴаගٮঁձᏢғനεૻ৲ໆ၂ᚒࣁ፾܄ ᒧᚒ฼ౣǴҗᆛሞᆛၡᇻຯጕ΢ࡼෳǴਥᏵڙ၂ޣ ӚเᚒಔࠠǴ،ۓځૈΚёૈပᗺǴ٠ᙖҗႝတம εၮᆉૈΚǴջਔᒧᚒࡼෳǶ ࣴز่݀ว౜Ǻႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍ಄ӝ੝ਸ௲ػ ȨঁձϯȩǵȨ፾܄ϯȩᆒઓǺҁس಍؂ঁᏢғጕ΢ ࡼෳޑᚒԛ֡όӕǴаന಄ӝঁձᏢғૈΚ၂ᚒ຾ ՉຑໆǶࡼෳ่݀࿯࣪၂ᚒϷբเਔ໔ѳ֡ၲ 23.56 ʘǴЪϝૈྗዴຑ՗ঁձඵૈምᛖᜪᏢғኧᏢૈ ΚǶ ᜢᗖຒǺ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕǵႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍǵଯᙍ੝ ௲੤ǵ੝ਸ௲ػǶ

Abstract

Referring to the Item Response Theory (IRT), there are actually few researches of the relation between the performance and the latent traits or the abilities of mentally retarded students. The prime goal of this study is to introduce IRT and Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT) to special education, hoping to develop a feasible way to evaluate mentally retarded students’ ability with a scientific method.

With the better understanding of students’ ability in the subject, we can then use IRT as a basis to construct a useful CAT system on the network. By the powerful calculation of the computer, the CAT system can immediately assigns question to target students by their item response pattern. The pool of questions consider offering the largest amount of information to subject.

The CAT meets the ‘Individualized’ and ‘Adaptive’ needs of what is requited in special education. By the system, each student who takes the

online tests will face different series of questions. In line with student’s individual ability, the amount of questions on the test will be given accordingly. The result of examining can save the examination questions and answering time up to 23.56% in average. Moreover, we also can exactly evaluate specific mentally retarded student's mathematics ability accurately.

The results of research are:The CAT meets the ‘Individualized’ and ‘Adaptive’ needs of what is requited in special education. By the system, each student who takes the online tests will face different series of questions. In line with student’s individual ability, the amount of questions on the test will be given accordingly. The result of examining can save the examination questions and answering time up to 23.56% in average. Moreover, we also can exactly evaluate specific mentally retarded student's mathematics ability accurately.

Keywords: item response theory, computerized adaptive test, special education.

1.

߻ق

ןշ১༈ဂ௼௲ػࣁࡹ۬࠹Ңࡼࡹख़ᗺЬື ϐ΋ǴࣁيЈምᛖᏢғޑܜຝࡘԵૈΚၨࣁᖓ১Ǵ ᆛၡၗྍၮҔ௲Ꮲ҅ёаගٮڀᡏϯǵғࢲϯǵ፪ ښϯаϷჴҔϯޑᏢಞ࿶ᡍȐԙ࿶ܴǴ҇ 86ȑǶ܌ аࢫᄪࡿȐ҇ 88ȑࡰрჹܭ੝ਸ௲ػԶقǴᔈҔႝ တӧեᏢಞૈΚำࡋޣКଯᏢಞૈΚᏢಞޣਏ݀ ӳǶ܌а൩੝ਸ௲ػӚᏢࣽ௲ᏢሦୱӵჴҔᇟЎǵ ჴҔኧᏢǵғࢲ௲ػǵޗ཮፾ᔈǾ฻֡ё೸ၸႝတ ᆛၡᕇள೚ӭ௲Ꮲޑન׷ᆶ௲Ꮲ฼ౣǶ่ӝႝတᆛ ၡၗྍޑ௲ᏢςࢂҞ߻ޑ௲Ꮲཥᖿ༈Ǵႝတᆛၡࣽ מၮҔܭ੝ਸ௲ػஒҗ໺಍ޑર΢բ཰Ǵᅌԛගϲ ډႝတᆛၡӭ൞ᡏޑᐕำǴӕਔа੝௲ᏢғࣁЬޑ ᆛၡᏢಞᕉნϷᆛၡӭ൞ᡏၗྍ௲Ꮲޑཥ΋жᏢ ಞ฼ౣǴ೭ஒ཮ࢂ΋໨ࡐεޑँઇ(Ц஖ᔌǴ҇ 93)Ƕ Ҟ߻୯ϣѦа၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕӧ੝ਸ௲ػᔈҔ ࣴز٠όӭـǴҁЎ჋၂ஒ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕϷႝတϯ ፾܄ෳᡍຑໆচ౛ᔈҔܭ੝ਸ௲ػሦୱǴԶаڀഢ ੝ਸ௲ػȨঁձϯȩǵȨ፾܄ϯȩᆒઓϐႝတෳᡍБ ԄǴჹܭᇸࡋඵૈምᛖၸ୏ϷલЮเᚒऐЈޑ੝܄ (ԙ࿶ܴǴ҇ 86)Ǵ௖૸෧Ͽࡼෳᚒኧ܈ਔ໔ૈԖਏ բเǴගଯຑໆޑਏࡋǴ௦ኧᏢૈΚ᠘ۓႝတϯ፾ ܄ෳᡍϐࣴزǴှ،Ԗਏ᠘ۓඵૈምᛖᏢғჴሞଆ ᗺՉࣁϷૈΚޑ֚ᜤǶ

2.

Ў᝘௖૸

2.1 ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕ ྽жෳᡍ౛ፕа၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕ (Item Response TheoryǴᙁᆀ IRT)ࣁځύЈࢎᄬǴIRT ൩ࢂаኧᏢ Ԅ߄Ңڙ၂ޣૈΚᆶ၂ᚒᜤܰࡋǵ᠘ձࡋϷ౒ෳࡋ ฻ୖኧ໔ޑᜢ߯ǴԶ೭ঁኧᏢᜢ߯ջࢂᐒ౗Ǵаڙ ၂ޣޑเჹᐒ౗߄ҢᕵືǴڙ၂ޣޑ߄౜௃׎ᆶ೭ ಔወӧૈΚ੝፦໔ޑᜢ߯Ǵё೸ၸ΋చೱុ܄ሀቚ ޑڄኧٰуа၍ញǴ೭ঁڄኧߡћբ၂ᚒ੝ቻԔጕ Ȑitem characteristic curveǴᙁቪࣁ ICCȑ

ж߄ IRT ύޑதҔޑ၂ᚒϸᔈኳԄёϩࣁൂୖ ኧჹኧኳԄǵᚈୖኧჹኧኳԄکΟୖኧჹኧኳԄ ฻ǴѬॺࡪྣᜤܰࡋǵ᠘ձࡋǵ౒ෳࡋ฻၂ᚒୖኧ ޑӭჲ఼ကϩձж߄๱Ǻࢌ΋၂ᚒޑ҅ዴϸᔈᐒ౗ ନΑڙԵғ܈ڙ၂ޣޑૈΚॶ،ۓѦǴ٠Ъϩձڙ ΋ঁୖኧȐջᜤࡋȑǵΒঁୖኧ(ջᜤࡋک᠘ձࡋ)ǵ ܈ΟঁୖኧȐջᜤࡋǵ᠘ձࡋǵک౒ෳࡋȑޑ၂ᚒ ୖኧ܌،ۓǴځ҅ዴϸᔈᐒ౗ॶҭϟܭ 0 ᆶ 1 ϐ໔Ƕ IRTୖኧኳԄࡌҥӧΠӈ୷ҁଷ೛ϐ΢ (Hambleton,1985;Swaminathan,1983; ReckaseǴ1979; է҇ჱ,҇86ȑǴх֖1. ෳᡍ੝፦܈ૈΚൂӛ܄Ƕ2. ၂ᚒ໔ֽ೽ᐱҥ܄Ƕ3.ޕၰ--҅ዴϸࢀբเଷ೛Ƕ4. ߚೲࡋ܄բเǶ5. ኳԄ಄ӝ܄ᔠۓǶ 2.2 ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕᓬᗺ IRTԖձܭђڂෳᡍ౛ፕǴ߯ࡌҥӧኧ౛಍ ी୷ᘵǴځҥፕᆶଷ೛ᝄᙣǴӢԜڀԖΠӈ൳໨ᓬ ᗺǺ 1.၂ᚒୖኧ(item parameters)ȐӵǺᜤࡋǵ᠘ձ ࡋ ǵ ౒ ෳ ࡋ ฻ ȑǴ ࢂ ΋ ᅿ ό ڙ ኬ ҁ ቹ ៜ (sample-free)ޑࡰ኱Ƕ 2.ගٮঁձৡ౦ޑෳໆᇤৡࡰ኱ǴӢԜૈ୼ᆒ ዴ௢՗ڙ၂ޣޑૈΚ՗ीॶǶ 3.ගра၂ᚒૻ৲ໆ(item information)Ϸෳᡍ ૻ৲ໆ(test information)ޑཷۺǶ 4.ӕਔԵቾڙ၂ޣޑϸᔈಔࠠᆶ၂ᚒୖኧ฻੝ ܄ǴӢԜӧ՗ीঁΓૈΚਔǴନΑૈ୼ගٮ ΋ঁၨᆒዴޑ՗ीॶѦǴჹܭচۈளϩ࣬ӕ ޑڙ၂ޣǴΨ۳۳๏ϒόӕޑૈΚ՗ीॶǶ 5.௦ҔޑኳԄ፾ӝࡋԵᡍॶǴёаගٮԵᡍኳ Ԅᆶၗ਑໔ϐ፾ӝࡋǵڙ၂ޣޑϸᔈǶ 3/3/2 ၂ᚒૻ৲ڄኧ! ! ! ၂ᚒૻ৲ڄኧ(item information function,IIF)ࣁඔॊ၂ᚒ܈ෳᡍǵࡷᒧෳᡍ၂ᚒǵа ϷКၨෳᡍޑ࣬ჹਏૈǴբࣁࡌҥǵϩ݋ǵᆶບᘐ ෳᡍޑЬाୖԵ٩ᏵǶڄኧޑۓကӵϦԄ(2.1)Ǻ ' 2 [ ( )] ( ) ( ) ( ) i i i P I P Q θ θ θ θ = i=1, 2,...,n (2.1) ځύIi( )θ ж߄၂ᚒ

i

ӧૈΚࣁθ ΢܌ගٮޑૻ৲ ( ) i P θ ࣁૈΚθ ӧ၂ᚒ

i

΢ޑ၂ᚒϸᔈڄኧ ( ) 1 ( ) i i Q θ = −P θ ; ' ( ) i P θ ࣁӧθ ᗺ΢ޑP_i( )θ ॶ ޑᏤኧǶ ၂ᚒૻ৲ڄኧёаᔈҔډ߻य़܌ፋډޑൂ ୖǵᚈୖǵᆶΟୖኧჹኧ၂ᚒϸᔈኳԄǴ೭٤ኳԄ ೿፾ӝҔܭΒϩݤीϩ(dichotomously scored)ޑෳ ᡍၗ਑ǶBirnbaum(1968)ࡰрǴࢌঁ၂ᚒ܌ගٮޑ നεૻ৲ໆǴখӳр౜ӧૈΚ՗ीୖኧ

θ

നёૈр ౜ޑᗺ΢Ƕ 3/3/3!ෳᡍૻ৲ڄኧ! ! ! ਥᏵ Birnbaum(1968)ޑ௢ᏤǴ΋ҽෳᡍޑ ૻ৲ڄኧI( )θ ࢂࡰѬӧࢌ΋ঁθ ॶ΢܌ගٮӚ၂ ᚒૻ৲ڄኧϐᕴکǴ૶ӵϦԄ(2.2)Ǻ 1 ( ) ( ) n i i I θ I θ = =

∑

(2.2) ෳᡍૻ৲ڄኧനεޑ੝܄ࢂёу܄Ǵᒿ๱၂ᚒ ኧຫӭǴૻ৲ໆΨᒿϐቚεǴԶ၂ᚒૻ৲ໆϐ໔߾ คᜢǴ۶ԜࣁᐱҥǶԶӧθ ॶ΢ޑෳᡍૻ৲ໆᆶ၀ ૈΚޑ՗ी኱ྗᇤԋѳБਥϸКǴځӵΠϦԄ(2.3) ߄ҢǺ 1 ( ) ( ) SE I θ θ ∧ = (2.3) ! ! ځύSE( )θ∧ Ǵᆀբ՗ी኱ྗᇤ(standard error of estimation)Ƕ྽I( )θ ॶၲډനεਔǴSE( )θ∧ ॶ ߡၲډനλǴΨ൩ࢂᇥ၀θ ॶޑനε߈՟՗ीॶޑ ՗ीᇤৡၲډനλǴҭջԜਔޑθ ޑനε߈՟՗ी ॶനᆒዴǶ 2.3 ႝတ፾܄ෳᡍ ႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍ߯ႝတෳᡍ่ӝ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ ፕϷ፾܄ෳᡍϐᓬᗺว৖ޑෳᡍǴෳᡍس಍ё٩ڙ ၂ޣૈΚНྗޑ՗ीॶԾ୏ᒧ᏷಄ӝڙ၂ޣૈΚ ϐ၂ᚒуаࡼෳǴ٠٩Ᏽڙ၂ޣӧཥև౜ޑᚒҞเ ᚒޑჹᆶᒱ௃׎Ǵख़ཥीᆉڙ၂ޣޑૈΚ՗ीॶǴ ٠ᏵаᒧڗΠ΋ᚒҞǴޔډڙ၂ޣૈΚॶϐ՗ीς ࣬྽ӦᆒዴࣁЗǶ೭ᅿෳᡍБԄǴ؂Տڙ၂ޣ೏ࡼ ෳϐᚒҞόӕǴࡼෳਔ໔ϷᚒኧΨёаόӕǶёа ӧၨϿޑᚒኧၲډ٣Ӄ೛ۓޑࢌ΋ᆒዴНྗǴᆒዴ Ӧ՗ᆉрڙ၂ޣޑૈΚǶ ஒ΋૓ CAT ჴࡼᜢᗖמೌϷำׇϩଆۈᚒ Ҟǵᒧᚒ฼ౣᆶಖЗచҹբ΋ᙁϟᆶ௖૸Ǻ )2*/ଆۈᚒҞ೛ۓ! ႝတ፾܄ෳᡍӧෳᡍϐۈǴڙ၂ޣϐૈΚ ଯե҂ૈளޕǴՠѸ໪ᒧ᏷ෳᡍଆۈᚒҞගٮ ࡼෳբเǴᙖаԏ໣ى୼ղᘐڙ၂ޣૈΚޑเ ᚒಔձၗ਑ǶதҔܭଆۈᚒޑ،ۓБԄǴԖа Π൳ᅿ)Цᝊ❲-҇ 95ǹഋ᜽ӵ-҇ 98<ഋߪֻ-҇ :4ȑǺ2/ύ฻ᜤࡋᚒҞǶ3/җڙ၂ޣ౜Ԗϐ ੝܄ၗ਑܈ځдୖԵෳᡍ่݀،ۓǶ4/Ծҗᒧ ᚒǶ5/ᒿᐒᒧᚒǶ! )3*/ᒧᚒ฼ౣ! ᒧᚒ฼ౣΏႝတ፾܄ෳᡍύख़ाޑਡЈ ाનϐ΃ǴਥᏵόӕޑᒧᚒ฼ౣ཮Ꮴठόӕޑ ෳᡍਏ౗ǴதҔޑᒧᚒБݤӵΠǺ2/നௗ߈ᜤ ࡋݤ))Sfdlbtf-!2:84<!Vssz-!2:81<!Xfjtt-!

2:85*Ƕ3/നௗ߈ୃ౽ᜤࡋݤ)Cjsocbvn-! 2:79*Ƕ4/നεૻ৲ᒧᚒݤ)Mpse-!2:91*Ƕ! )4*/ಖЗచҹ! ႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍࡼෳᚒҞᆶᚒኧޑ೛ी Ӣڙ၂ҞޑϷჹຝ֡όӕǴԶჴ୍΢ෳᡍಖЗ ёၮҔΠӈБԄ)ഋ᜽ӵ-!҇ 98ǹഋཥᙦ-!҇ 99ȑǺ2/೛ۓനεࡼෳᚒኧǶ3/྽ڙ၂ޣޑૈ Κ՗ी኱ྗৡեܭႣ೛኱ྗਔǴෳᡍջಖЗǶ 4/ૈΚޑ՗ीςᛙۓǴӆ଺ᚒҞς࿶ؒԖᔅշ ਔǴջಖЗෳᡍǶ! 3/5 ੝ਸ௲ػႝတϯሡ؃! ך୯ 97 ԃཥঅु੝ਸ௲ػݤஒঁձϯ௲ػी ฝ)joejwjevbmj{fe!fevdbujpo!qsphsbn-JFQ*યΕ ݤచǴೕۓ JFQ ᔈຑໆᏢғΠӈૈΚǴхࡴᇡޕૈ Κǵྎ೯ૈΚǵՉ୏ૈΚǵ௃ᆣǵΓሞᜢ߯ǵག۔ фૈǵ଼நރݩǵғࢲԾ౛ૈΚǵ୯ЎǵኧᏢ฻Ꮲ ཰ૈΚϐ౜ݩǶ೭٤ૈΚޑຑ՗ёа೸ၸғ౛ᔠ ࢗǵ኱ྗϯෳᡍ܈ߚ኱ྗϯෳᡍ฻БԄֹԋ)݅ᝊ ຦Ǵ҇ 9:*Ƕோჹ JFQ ޑᔕۓၸำᕷᅥǴ߈ԃٰ୯ ϣΨԖаΠׯ຾ޑཀـǺ΋ǵว৖ᙁϯ JFQ ߄਱Ȑ׵ ᆧ࣓-!҇ 99ȑǵΒǵࡌ࿼ JFQ ႝတϯϐᏢಞҞ኱ၗ ਑৤ሡ؃)Ц๮؊Ǵ҇ :2ǹԙ࿶ܴǴ҇ 97*Ǵа෧ Ͽ௲ৣॄᏼǶ! ว৖ JFQ ႝတϯ่݀ޑዴёа࿯࣪Դৣॺኗቪ ᏢಞҞ኱ޑਔ໔ǴዴΨᏤठᏢಞҞ኱Ȩጄҁȩၸࡋ ੌᔲ٬ҔǴ۹ౣΑ੝௲܌மፓޑȨঁձϯȩǶଓਥ زۭǴ੝௲௲Ꮲޑჴࡼ٠҂ૈਥᏵᏢғჴሞଆᗺՉ ࣁϷૈΚǴځ֚ᜤᗺӧܭ୯ϣّϞҭۘલЮёаග ٮᇶշຑ՗ምᛖᏢғወӧૈΚϐࣽᏢπڀǶ! ႝတ፾܄ෳᡍࢂճҔႝတᆛၡٰჴࡼෳᡍǴೀ ౛ᒧᚒǵीϩǵૈΚ՗ी฻ୢᚒޑ΋ᅿෳᡍБԄǴ ႝတ፾܄ෳᡍК໺಍ෳᡍሡाࡼෳၨϿޑᚒҞǴ൩ ૈԖਏ՗ीૈΚॶǶӢԜǴჹܭᇸࡋඵૈምᛖၸ୏ ϷલЮเᚒऐЈޑ੝܄)ԙ࿶ܴǴ҇ 97*Ǵ෧Ͽࡼෳ ᚒኧ܈ਔ໔ϸԶ׳ૈԖਏբเǴᆒྗගଯຑໆޑਏ ࡋǴኧᏢૈΚ᠘ۓႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍϐࣴزǴ࡞ૈှ ،Ԗਏ᠘ۓඵૈምᛖᏢғჴሞଆᗺՉࣁϷૈΚޑ ֚ᜤǶӢԜǴ໒ว᠘ۓႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍೀ౛ᒧᚒኳ ԄǴၮҔᚒҞૻ৲ໆᒧᚒᐒڋǴ෧ϿࡼෳᚒҞ٠ૈ Ԗਏ՗ᆉᏢғᏢಞૈΚǴၮҔܭ੝ਸ௲ػሦୱϐ௲ ᏢຑໆԖځѸा܄Ƕ! !

3.

ࣴزБݤ

4/2 ࣴزБݤᆶ؁ᡯ! ҁࣴز߯٩Ᏽว৖၂ᚒϷڮᚒࢬำǴጓᇙ಄ӝ ၂ᚒϸᔈ౛ፕ(IRT)ኳԄϐ၂ڔǴ٠ளډ໨Ҟୖኧ՗ ीॶϷ၂ᚒૻ৲ڄኧǴࡌ࿼΋ҽܭᆛሞᆛၡ٬Ҕϐ ႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍǴճҔႝတமεၮᆉфૈǴਥᏵጕ ΢ڙ၂ޣเᚒಔࠠǴ٠᛾ܴၮҔᒧᚒᐒڋዴૈӧڰ ۓเᚒ܈෧ϿࡼෳᚒኧΠǴၲډႣෳڙ၂ޣૈΚ੝ ፦ϐਏ݀Ƕځࣴزࢎᄬӵკ 3.1.1Ǻ კ!4/2/2!ᆛၡ፾܄ෳᡍࣴزϩ݋ࢬำკ! 4/3 ࣴزჹຝ! ਥᏵ߻࿯܌ॊޑࣴزБݤୢᚒǴҁࣴزᔕ௦Ҕ ޑࣴزჹຝ߯ࣁѠ᡼Ӧ୔ଯᙍ੝௲੤΋ǵΒԃભᏢ ғϐჴҔኧᏢૈΚࣁࣴزჹຝǶ٠аΠӈБԄ຾ ՉǺ 4/3/2 Ⴃ၂! ҁࣴزޑႣ၂ኬҁǴаᒿᐒᒧڗଯύᙍ੝௲੤ ΋ǵΒԃભ੝௲੤ᏢғࣁኬҁǴӅीܜڗ 6 ੤ 58 ӜᏢғࣁҁࣴزޑԖਏኬҁǶҁႣ၂πբǴ߯ӧ҇ ୯ 94 ԃ 1 Дۭϐ߻Ǵֹԋ܌Ԗޑਜय़ࡼෳǴ٠ਥ Ᏽࡼෳ่݀җၗు੝௲௲ৣϷ୯ҥѠύৣଣ௲௤ Ӆ 5 Γ຾Չ၂ᚒቩਡǵڮᚒϣ৒ǵЎѡ௛ᜏǵጓ௨ БԄ฻ගٮཀـǴҗࣴزޣӆуаঅׯǶ 4/3/3 ҅Ԅࡼෳ! ҁࣴزޑ҅ԄኬҁǴ߯аႣ၂ᑔᒧ၂ᚒࡕϐ҅ Ԅ၂ڔǴܭ҇୯ 94 ԃ 2 Д 15 ВԿ 94 ԃ 3 Д 5 В ϐ໔ǴаਠࣁൂՏᒿᐒဂᡏܜኬࡕӄࢗБԄӛѠ᡼ Ӧ୔ 23 ঁᑜѱߕ೛ଯᙍ੝௲੤ϐ୯دҥଯύᙍӅ 37܌ᏢਠӅी 100 ੤วр 1277 ҽ၂ڔǴӣԏԖਏ ၂ڔኬҁኧ 1108 ҽǴӣԏ౗ 86.77ʘǶࡕុޑၗ਑ ϩ݋πբǴ߯а၀Ԗਏኬҁኧբࣁϩ݋ޑ٩ᏵǶ 4/4 ࣴزπڀ! ҁࣴز٬ҔϐࣴزπڀԖǺෳᡍ၂ڔǵฯᡏ೛ ഢǵس಍໒ว೬ᡏπڀ฻Ǵ૟ஒӚᅿπڀ௶ॊӵΠǺ 4/4/2 ෳᡍ၂ڔ! ҁࣴز٬ҔჴҔኧᏢࣽෳᡍ၂ڔǴځЬाҞޑ ӧܭճҔෳᡍࡼෳ่݀Ǵᇆ໣Ӛ၂ᚒୖኧǴࡌҥ ICC ኧՏத ኳᚒ৤! ࡌ࿼ႝတ፾܄ ෳᡍس಍! ੝௲੤Ꮲғኧ Ꮲ၂ᚒጓᇙ! ၗ਑ϩ݋! ࣴز໒ۈ! ၂ᚒᔠਡǵႣ ၂ǵ҅Ԅࡼෳ! ጕ΢ૈΚຑ՗! ԋਏᡍ᛾! ࣴز่״!

ԔጕϷૻ৲ڄኧǴаനεૻ৲ໆБݤࣁᒧᚒਡЈᐒ ڋǴගٮࡌ࿼Ȩጕ΢ᚒ৤س಍ȩǶ

4/4/3!ฯᡏ೬ᡏ೛ഢ!

(1).ฯᡏ೛ഢǺPentium4Ǵ2.4GHzǴ1GB RAMǴ

Ultra320 SCSI HD 80GBǴIntel Pro/100 ᆛ

ၡьǴ໺ᒡਏ౗ 100MbpsǶ

(2).բ཰س಍ǺMicrosoft Windows Server 2000Ƕ

Microsoft Windows Server 2000 ࢂ༾೬ၨᛙ

ۓޑ՛ܺᏔբ཰س಍Ǵόፕࢂፓଛǵᆅ౛ک ٬ҔǴ೿׳ࣁ৒ܰǴЪගٮ೚ӭख़ाޑཥӼ ӄ܄фૈکׯ๓Ƕ

(3).ၗ਑৤ǺMicrosoft SQL Server 2000ǶAccess

2000 ࢂ༾೬ Office سӈ೬ᡏύޑ΋঩Ǵࢂ

΋ᅿ௓ᆅߚதᝄஏޑၗ਑৤س಍Ǵ፾ӝܭҺ Ֆ໪ाޑၗ਑৤Ƕ

(4).Web ServerǺ Microsoft Internet Information Services 6 ǶࣁΑቚуᆛ।՛ܺᏔޑӼӄ܄Ǵ IIS 6.0 ܌ගٮޑᆛ।՛ܺᏔӧё ᎞܄ǵౢ

ૈǵೱௗ܄ک᏾ӝ܄Бय़೿ࢂ२ۙ΋ࡰޑǴ ځύхࡴ৒ᒱǵा؃ՑӈǵᔈҔำԄރ쒸 ຎǵԾ୏ᔈҔำԄӣԏǵזڗ฻฻фૈǶ

(5).ᆛ।ำԄᇟقǺMicrosoft ASP.NETǶ ASP.NET

ࢂ΋ᅿа Common Language Runtime ࣁ୷ ᘵԶࡌ࿼ԋޑ ำԄ೛ीࢎᄬǴёҔӧ՛ܺᏔ ΢ࡌ࿼மεޑ Web ᔈҔำԄǶASP.NET ග ٮ൳໨Кၸѐ Web ໒วኳࠠᗋख़ाޑᓬ༈ - Ѭёᡣா׳ᇸ᚞Ӧኗ ቪำԄዸǴ٠ගٮቚ மޑਏૈǵӼӄ܄ǵமεфૈکቸ܄Ƕ 4/4/4!ෳᡍس಍ࢎᄬ! ҁෳᡍس಍ޑࢎᄬǴхࡴϤঁኳಔǺ (1).ᆅ౛ޣኳಔǺᆅ౛᏾ঁس಍ޑ௲ৣ٬ҔǶ (2).஑ৎ௲ৣኳಔǺ຾Չ၂ᚒޑᒧڗᆶಔԋ၂ڔ ᔞǶᚒ৤຾Չཥቚǵմନǵঅׯǵࢗ၌Ϸᖐ Չࡼෳ฻πբǶ (3).ቩᚒ௲ৣኳಔǽёаቩࢗ܌рᚒҞǶ (4).ڮᚒ௲ৣኳಔǽёарᚒǶ (5).Һፐ௲ৣኳಔǽҗس಍ᆅ౛ޣࡰࢴҺፐ௲ৣǶ (6).ᏢғኳಔǺୖᆶጕ΢ෳᡍຑໆکԋᕮࢗ၌Ƕ 4/5 ჴᡍ೛ी! ! ҁ࿯ޑҞޑǴԑӧ௶ॊஒ΢ॊว৖ޑ᠘ۓኳԄ ࿼ܭᆛሞᆛၡ΢Ǵٮჹঁձڙ၂Ꮲғޑࡼෳບᘐϐ ҔǴ຾Զᔅշ௲ৣ܈Ꮲғҁي຾ՉૈΚ᠘ۓϐϩ ݋Ƕ! 4/5/2 ᆛઠࢎ೛! ! २ӃǴӃՉࢎ೛ᆛ।ϷᆛઠǴᆛ֟ࣁǺ iuuq;00274/28/45/280jsu!! 4/5/3 ΢ᆛೱ่! ௗ๱Ǵஒ߻ॊว৖ޑჴҔኧᏢෳᡍޑ၂ᚒǴฦ ᒵᆛ।ᚒ৤Ǵ٬ځૈ୼ӧᆛၡ΢ၮᆉǴ൳࿶ෳ၂ ࡕǴωۓዺֹԋࡌ࿼πբǶ! 4/5/4 ጕ΢ෳ၂! а 7191 Ӝଯᙍ੝௲੤Ꮲғڙ၂ޣ΢ጕௗڙෳ ᡍǴԏ໣ځเᚒᐕำౢғϐเᚒಔᄊϷૈΚॶ՗ी ၗ਑Ƕ! 4/5/5!Кၨࢂցफ़եเᚒኧ! ᔠᡍࢂցૈ෧ϿเᚒኧǴӧ΋ۓޑૈΚ՗ीᇤ ৡॶΠǴϝૈ՗ᆉрڙ၂ᏢғૈΚ܈Ⴃෳ܈ှញ၂ ᚒ΢ޑ߄౜௃׎Ƕ! ҁࣴزෳᡍޑύЗޑᚒኧࢂҗႣۓޑ߻ࡕෳ ໆ኱ྗᇤৡຯ)tuboebse!fssps!ejggfsfodf!pg! ftujnbujpo*ٰ،ۓǶ!ځीᆉБݤёаϦԄ)4/2*! ߄ҢǺ!! TFE)θi1 ∧ + *>TF)θi ∧ *.TF)θi1 ∧ +*!!!!!)4/2*! 1, 2,..., 1 i= n− !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! i θ∧ -θi1 ∧ +;ϩձࡰ߻ࡕเᚒ܌ෳளޑ՗ीૈ Κॶ!

n

;ࡰനεࡼෳ၂ᚒኧ! ҁࣴز٩ჴሞᚒ৤ၗ਑ٰ،ۓ՗ी኱ྗᇤৡ ຯٰ೛ۓᚒኧύЗ኱ྗǴ٠аȨᒧᚒࡼෳၸำςเ ᚒ 21 ᚒа΢ȩǴЪ܌ளڙ၂ޣޑ߻ࡕᚒૈΚ՗ी኱ ྗᇤϐৡຯၲ೛ۓȨ⸣ॶ

≤

1/113ȩ܌բเޑᚒኧ ૈΚǴٰ଺಍ीᡍ᛾Ƕ೛ۓሡเᚒ 21 ᚒа΢߯ࣁ ࣁԵໆ၂ᚒڬۯ܄Ϸϣ৒ਏࡋǴЪᗉխ՗ीૈΚॶ ᡂ୏ӧ҂ԏᔙ߻Ǵ࡞ѯပӧ⸣ॶϣౢғᇤղ௃׎Ƕ!

4.

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

аΠஒ൩ҁࣴزጕ΢ෳᡍǴϩ΋ǵෳᡍس಍ ᏹբᇥܴϷΒǵ፾܄ෳᡍࡕෳ่݀ٿ೽ҽᇥ่ܴ ݀Ƕ! 5/3/2!ෳᡍس಍! ҁࣴزճҔ܌໒วޑȨጕ΢ᚒ৤س಍ȩǴҗܭ ่ӝΑᆛሞᆛၡǴࡌ࿼ӧӄౚၗૻᆛޑѳѠ΢Ǵё ගٮόӕᆅ౛៾ज़ޣǴቩᚒǵڮᚒǵঅׯ၂ᚒǴ٠ ຾Չ၂ᚒᆅ౛ǴၲډಔڔޑфૈǶ! ڙ၂ޣᒿਔ΢ጕբเǴόڙਔޜޑज़ڋǴ೸ၸ ᆛሞᆛၡޑೱ่ǴԿϿёаᡣόӕӦ୔ӭՏเᚒޣ ӕਔ΢ጕբเǴନ߃ۈᚒҞ௦ᒿᐒᒧᚒѦǴ௦Ҕ՗ ीૈΚॶനεૻ৲ᒧᚒݤբࣁਡЈᒧᚒБԄǴӢԜ ؂Տڙ၂ᏢғځเᚒಔձϷ໩ׇ೿όӕǴֹӄ٩Ᏽ Ꮲғ؂ᚒเֹࡕीᆉϐૈΚǴᒧ᏷፾܄ᚒҞǴբเ ֹԋࡕǴႝတ཮ౢғᐕำइᒵගٮ๏ڙ၂ޣǶ! ӧᏢғෳᡍ่݀Ǵךॺ૶ᒵᏢғเᚒᐕำǴх ࡴเᚒԛׇǵเჹ౗Ϸ׳ख़ाޑࢂஒճҔႝတமε ၮᆉфૈǴջਔਥᏵጕ΢ڙ၂ޣ྽ਔ຾Չϐเᚒಔ ࠠǴ܌ౢғ՗ीૈΚॶǴ٠ਥᏵ၂ᚒୖኧǴᒧ᏷Π ΋ঁૻ৲ໆനεᚒҞǴځᆶ΋૓ᚒ৤εໆࡌҥ၂ᚒ ᒿᐒᒧᚒБԄόӕǴ߯ࣁඵችࠠᒧᚒǴࡺᆀࣁ፾܄ ෳᡍǶ! 5/3/3!ෳᡍϩ݋! നࡕ፾܄ෳᡍќ΋໨ख़ाфૈǴջၮҔᒧᚒ ᐒڋዴૈӧڰۓเᚒ܈෧ϿࡼෳᚒኧΠǴၲډႣෳ

ڙ၂ޣૈΚ੝፦ϐਏ݀Ǵ٠ૈ࿯࣪ࡼෳਔ໔Ƕ! ࣁ᛾ܴҁ፾܄ෳᡍس಍ࡌ࿼ԋਏǴܭ :5 ԃ 7 Д 31ǵ32 ВٿϺа୯ҥᜦঢ়ၭπǵѠύଯၭǵཥ Ԯଯπ฻ 4 ਠӅ 7 ੤ଯᙍ੝௲੤Ꮲғ຾Չᇻຯጕ΢ ፾܄ෳᡍǴځύ 79 ՏԖਏڙ၂ޣϐเᚒϷᐕำǴ ࿶س಍ջਔளډ่݀ϩ݋ǴаΠஒ൩жဦ q31 ϐڙ ၂ӕᏢᒧᚒϷૈΚॶ՗ीᐕำᇥܴǶ! җΠ߄ 5/3/2 ёޕǴq31 ӕᏢเֹӄ೽ 37 ၂ᚒ܌ள ډϐૈΚॶ (26) 26 θ∧ _{ࣁ 1/55Ǵҗ߄ϣၗ਑ёޕเᚒ໩} ׇ 34 ځ՗ी኱ྗᇤϐৡࣁ 1/1129 ಄ӝၲډȨ⸣ ॶ

≤

1/113ȩଶЗࡼෳచҹǴ܌ளϐբเ໩ׇಃ 34 ᚒ՗ीૈΚॶ ( 23) 26 θ∧ _{>1/59Ǵเᚒ໩ׇ 35ǵ36ǵ} 37 ߾ᛙۓ֡ࣁ 1/55Ƕ! ߄!5/3/2!ႝတ፾܄ෳᡍเᚒૈΚ՗ᆉᐕำ߄! ࿠ᠲ ႉݧ ࿠ᠲᠲᇆ ࿠ᠲ࿨࣠ ౨ԺଖӰ ˹ʻӰʼ ᎄʳ۷ૠᑑᄷʳᑑᄷᎄছ৵஁ ʳಛஒࠤᑇ إᒔ࿠ூ ᖂس࿠ூ ˄ ˊ إᒔ ˆ ˃ˁˌˋ ʳʳʳʳˉ˅ˁ˃ˇ˄˃ ʳˀ ʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˃ˆ ˆ ˆ ˅ ˅ ᙑᎄ ˀ˃ˁ˅ˇ ˃ˁˆˋ ʳʳʳʳʳʳˆˁˈ˄ˌˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳˈˋˁˈ˅˄ˆ ʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃ˋ˃ˊ ˆ ˄ ˆ ˅˃ إᒔ ˃ˁˆˉ ˃ˁˋˉ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˋˈ˃ˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˅ˁˉˉˋˋ ʳʳʳʳ˄ˁˆˋ˄˃ ˅ ˅ ˇ ˆ إᒔ ˃ˁˉ ˃ˁˊˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˈ˅ˋˋ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆ˅˅˄ ʳʳʳʳˆˁˈˊˈˉ ˄ ˄ ˈ ˄ˉ إᒔ ˃ˁˊˉ ˃ˁˈˇ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˇˆ˃ˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃ˌˋ˄ ʳʳʳʳˈˁˆˌ˃ˆ ˆ ˆ ˉ ˄ˊ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˈˉ ˃ˁˈ˄ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆˌˉ˃ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃ˆˇˊ ʳʳʳʳˉˁˆˊˈˈ ˅ ˆ ˊ ˅ˋ إᒔ ˃ˁˉ ˃ˁ˅ˆ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆˌˈˆ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˃ˊ ʳʳʳʳˉˁˆˌˋ˅ ˄ ˄ ˋ ˅ˇ إᒔ ˃ˁˉˋ ˃ˁˉˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆˊ˄ˆ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˅ˇ˄ ʳʳʳʳˊˁ˅ˈˈ˅ ˅ ˅ ˌ ˄ˆ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˈˉ ˃ˁˈ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆˈ˅˃ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˄ˌˆ ʳʳʳʳˋˁ˃ˊ˃ˈ ˆ ˅ ˄˃ ˄ˈ إᒔ ˃ˁˉ ˃ˁˋ˅ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆˆˈ˄ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˄ˉˌ ʳʳʳʳˋˁˌ˃ˇˉ ˆ ˆ ˄˄ ˅ˉ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˇˋ ˃ˁˈˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆ˅ˆˇ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˄˄ˊ ʳʳʳʳˌˁˈˈˌˈ ˄ ˅ ˄˅ ˇ إᒔ ˃ˁˈ˅ ˃ˁˌ˄ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆ˄˅ˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˄˃ˈ ʳʳ˄˃ˁ˅˄ˆˆ ˇ ˇ ˄ˆ ˄ˌ إᒔ ˃ˁˈ˅ ˃ˁˋ˅ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁˆ˃ˈ˅ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˊˊ ʳʳ˄˃ˁˊˆˊ˅ ˅ ˅ ˄ˇ ˋ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˆˉ ˃ˁˌ˄ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˌˉˇ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˋˊ ʳʳ˄˄ˁˆˊˌˇ ˆ ˅ ˄ˈ ˄˄ إᒔ ˃ˁˆˉ ˃ˁˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˋˌ˄ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˊˆ ʳʳ˄˄ˁˌˉˇˇ ˄ ˄ ˄ˉ ˅˅ إᒔ ˃ˁˇ ˃ˁˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˋˆˉ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˈˈ ʳʳ˄˅ˁˇ˅ˌˈ ˄ ˄ ˄ˊ ˌ إᒔ ˃ˁˇˇ ˃ˁˈˆ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˊˋˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˇˊ ʳʳ˄˅ˁˋˈˈˊ ˇ ˇ ˄ˋ ˈ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˇ ˃ˁˈˉ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˊˇˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˇ˃ ʳʳ˄ˆˁ˅ˆ˄˄ ˅ ˇ ˄ˌ ˄ˇ إᒔ ˃ˁˇ ˃ˁˌˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˊ˃ˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˇ˅ ʳʳ˄ˆˁˉˇ˅ˉ ˅ ˅ ˅˃ ˅ˈ إᒔ ˃ˁˇ ˃ˁˌˇ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˉˊ˃ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃ˆˊ ʳʳ˄ˇˁ˃˅ˇˈ ˇ ˇ ˅˄ ˅˄ إᒔ ˃ˁˇˇ ˃ˁˋˉ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˉˇ˄ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˅ˌ ʳʳ˄ˇˁˆˆ˅ˋ ˇ ˇ ˅˅ ˉ إᒔ ˃ˁˇˇ ˃ˁˇˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˉ˄˅ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˅ˌ ʳʳ˄ˇˁˉˈˉ˄ ˄ ˄ ˅ˆ ˅ˆ إᒔ ˃ˁˇˋ ˃ˁˌˊ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˈˌˈ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˄ˋ ʳʳ˄ˇˁˋˈˈ˅ ˇ ˇ ˅ˇ ˄˃ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˇˇ ˃ˁ˅ˈ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˈˋˈ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˃ˌ ʳʳ˄ˇˁˌˉˆˇ ˆ ˅ ˅ˈ ˄ إᒔ ˃ˁˇˇ ˃ˁˋˌ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˈˊˉ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˃ˌ ʳʳ˄ˈˁ˃ˊˆˇ ˆ ˆ ˅ˉ ˄˅ ᙑᎄ ˃ˁˇˇ ˃ˁˆˋ ʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˅ˈˉˋ ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳ˃ˁ˃˃˃ˊ ʳʳ˄ˈˁ˄ˈˋˇ ˅ ˄ җ᏾ᡏ 79 Ӝଯᙍ੝௲੤Ꮲғ಍ीၗ਑ٰϩ ݋Ǵӧѳ֡բเ೽ϩǴᕴᚒኧ 37 ᚒǴ፾܄ෳᡍ಄ ӝ⸣ॶಖЗࡼෳᚒኧϐѳ֡բเᚒኧࣁ 2:/96Ǵҭ ջѳ֡࿯࣪ࡼෳᚒҞ 7/26 ᚒǶ՗ीૈΚॶ೽ҽǴ 79 Ӝڙ၂ޣ 37 ᚒӄเ՗ᆉϐѳ֡ૈΚॶࣁ.1/48Ǵ ፾܄ၲಖЗచҹϐѳ֡ૈΚॶࣁ.1/46Ǵीᆉٿޣ ࣬ᜢ߯ኧၲ 1/:724 மǶෳᡍಖЗޑૈΚ՗ी֡Б ਥৡ SNTE)͐*)sppu!nfbtvsfnfou!pg!trvbsf! ejggfsfodf*ǴаϦԄ)5/2*߄ҢӵΠ;! SNTE)͐*!>>! 2 1 ( ) n ks kn k n θ∧ θ∧ = −

∑

_{!!!!!!!!!)5/2*!} ځύθks ∧ ;ࡰ٩Ᏽಃ l Տڙ၂ޣ፾܄ಖЗ ࡼෳᚒኧ܌ள՗ीૈΚॶ! !!!!θkn ∧ ;ࡰಃ l Տڙ၂ޣเֹӄ೽ෳᡍ ᚒҞ܌ளډϐૈΚॶ! !!!!!o;ࡰڙ၂ᕴΓኧ! ! ҁࣴز٩ჴሞᚒ৤ၗ਑ٰ،ۓ՗ी኱ྗᇤৡ ຯٰ೛ۓᚒኧύЗ኱ྗǴ٠аȨᒧᚒࡼෳၸำςเ ᚒ 21 ᚒа΢ȩǴЪ܌ளڙ၂ޣޑ߻ࡕᚒૈΚ՗ी኱ ྗᇤϐৡຯၲ೛ۓȨ⸣ॶ

≤

1/113ȩ܌բเޑᚒኧ ૈΚǴٰ଺಍ीᡍ᛾Ƕ೛ۓሡเᚒ 21 ᚒа΢߯ࣁ ࣁԵໆ၂ᚒڬۯ܄Ϸϣ৒ਏࡋǴЪᗉխ՗ीૈΚॶ ᡂ୏ӧ҂ԏᔙ߻Ǵ࡞ѯပӧ⸣ॶϣౢғᇤղ௃׎Ƕ! ќҁෳᡍ SNTE)͐*ࣁ 1/325368ǴԜኧᏵКၨ ഋߪֻ)҇ :4*܌ϩ݋ளډ SNTE)͐*ऊӧ 1/4 Կ 1/5 ϐ໔Ǵᇤৡ׳λǴҁࣴز಄ӝځ܌ᆀᓬ፦ᚒ৤΋ठ ܄ޑा؃Ƕ! ќѦаբเਔ໔ٰ࣮Ǵ37 ᚒӄ೽բเਔ໔ѳ֡ ࣁ 29/99 ϩǴऩѳ֡ё࿯࣪ࡼෳ၂ᚒ 7/26ǴΨёа ඤᆉࣁѳ֡࿯࣪ࡼෳਔ໔ 5/58 ϩដǴҭջ࿯࣪ 34/76ʘޑڙ၂ਔ໔ǴӢԜႝတ፾܄ෳᡍዴёၲډ ࿯࣪բเਔ໔ҞޑǶ! !

5.

่ፕᆶࡌ᝼

6/2 ่ፕ! ҁࣴز DBU س಍࿶җჹଯᙍ੝௲੤Ꮲғܭᆛሞ ᆛၡጕ΢ࡕෳϩ݋่݀Ǵዴჴૈ٩ᏵঁձᏢғૈΚ όӕǴҗس಍፾܄ᒧᚒǴૈѺઇڰۓрᚒ໩ׇ٠࿯ ࣪໺಍ર฽բเ၂ᚒኧǴၲډ࿯࣪ᚒ၂Ϸڙෳਔ ໔ǴΞૈԖਏ՗ᆉрڙ၂ᏢғૈΚ੝፦Ƕ! ҁ࿯ᘜયගрҁࣴزޑ่ፕӵΠǺ! )2*/ ႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍ಄ӝ੝ਸ௲ػȨঁձϯȩᆒ ઓǺҁࣴز፾܄ෳᡍ᛾ܴૈլܺҞ߻੝ਸ௲ ػᏢಞҞ኱ϼӭคݤӄ೽ࡼෳ௃׎ǴԶׯ௦ а੝ਸ௲ػȨঁձϯȩෳᡍБԄǴ؂ঁᏢғ ጕ΢ࡼෳޑᚒҞ໩ׇ֡όӕǴаന಄ӝঁձ ᏢғૈΚ՗ीЪૈளډനεૻ৲ໆϐ၂ᚒ຾ ՉຑໆǶ! )3*/ ႝတϯ፾܄ෳᡍ಄ӝ੝ਸ௲ػȨ፾܄ϯȩᆒ ઓǺҁࣴز፾܄ෳᡍ่݀Ǵ࿯࣪ࡼෳ၂ᚒϷ բเਔ໔ѳ֡ၲ 34/67ʘǴԖਏ௓ڋૈΚ՗ी ֡БਥৡǴૈྗዴຑ՗ঁձඵૈምᛖᜪᏢғ ኧᏢૈΚǴᐄှᏢғଆᗺૈΚբࣁ௲ᏢୖԵǶ! 6/3 ࡌ᝼! ૟ଞჹҁࣴز่݀ޑࣴวЈளᆶࡕុޑଓᙫ ࣴزǴගраΠࡌ᝼Ǻ! )2*/ҁࣴزሡ٬Ҕႝတ΢ᆛෳ၂ǴӢԜ໻፾Ҕܭᇸ ࡋඵૈምᛖᏢғǴჹܭՔᒿځдምᛖ܈ӭख़ም ᛖᜪᏢғǴࡼෳ௲ৣᔈຎᔈ၂ሡ؃Ǵගٮᇶշ ܄୍ܺǴӵ၂ᚒගҢǵൔ᠐ǵڐշᏹբ฻Ǵց ߾ႝတᏹբӢځфૈલཞምᛖǴԶԋࣁૈΚຑ ՗ޑߐᘖǶ! )3*/Ҟ߻੝ਸ௲ػ܌ᒏ JFQ ࣣமፓᏢಞᇶᏤၗ਑ ૶ၩ܈ᏢಞҞ኱೛ۓǴԶٿޣϐ໔ᜢೱ܄ࠅલ Ю܌ᒏບᘐຑໆᙯඤᐒڋǴၮҔ JSU ܌ᒏޕ᛽

่ᄬ౛ፕٰϩ݋΢ΠՏཷۺᄬკǴບᘐрჹᏢ ғޑ଎ࡘཷۺуаံ௱௲ᏢǴԜ೽ҽϝࡑࡕុ Ԗᑫ፪ࣴزޣుΕ௖૸Ƕ! !

ୖԵЎ᝘

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