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行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※

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※ 台灣產槍刀菜屬植物之活性成分研究

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※

計畫類別:þ個別型計畫 ¨整合型計畫

計畫編號:NSC-88-2314-B-039-014

執行期間:89 年 8 月 31 日至 90 年 7 月 31 日

計畫主持人:張永勳

共同主持人:

本成果報告包括以下應繳交之附件:

□赴國外出差或研習心得報告一份

□赴大陸地區出差或研習心得報告一份

□出席國際學術會議心得報告及發表之論文各一份

□國際合作研究計畫國外研究報告書一份

執行單位:中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所

90 年

10

31

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行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告

計畫編號:NSC-88-2314-B-039-014

執行期限:89 年 8 月 31 日至 90 年 7 月 31 日

主持人:張永勳 中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所

計畫參與人員:邱雅純 中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所

一、中文摘要 台灣產藥用植物六角英(Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown)為爵床科槍刀菜屬植物,一名鯽魚膽,台灣 民間用其全草,具有止痛消炎,散瘀消腫,生肌止 血,解熱袪痰之效。治赤眼腫痛、咽喉疼痛、腹痛、 肝炎、支氣管炎、咳嗽、肺結核咳血、刀槍創傷出 血、打傷骨折,為常用之台灣民間藥。因此本研究 以細胞毒性當活性引導分離指標,進行成分分離, 計分出 5 個化合物。本研究並以六角英甲醇抽取物 進行活性藥理研究,發現在細胞毒性方面對 NUGC 及 HONE-1 有抑制之效,並同時評估六角英之解 熱、鎮靜、鎮痛及保肝作用,以及急性毒性試驗以 考量其使用之安全有效性。 關鍵詞:六角英、鯽魚膽、細胞毒性、解熱、鎮靜、 鎮痛、保肝 Abstract

Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown is a native Acanthaceae plant of Taiwan. In folk medicine, it is used to remove blood stasis and reduce inflammation and is used to alleviate pain and reduce swelling, stop bleeding, clear away heat evil and eliminate phlegm. It is a common folk medicine in Taiwan for eye swelling pain, pharyngitis, hepatitis, bronchitis, cough, tuberculosis, bellyache, and incised wounds with hemorrhage. Our preliminary tests showed that the chloroform extract of Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown exhibited cytotoxicity against NUGC and HONE-1 cell lines. From its methanolic extracts, five compounds were isolated.

The liver protection effects, antipyretic, analgesic and toxicity of Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown extract were carried out to see if it is suitable to be used.

Keywords: Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown, cytotoxicity, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative, hepatoprotective

二、緣由與目的

六角英(Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown)為爵床 科(Acanthaceae)槍刀菜屬(Hypoestes)植物。自生於 全省平野低海拔山區之陰濕地、溪谷或路旁之灌木 狀草木。並有人家零星栽培(1) 槍刀菜屬(Hypoestes)為一分布廣泛之爵床科 (Acanthaceae)植物,分布於中國大陸西南部之廣 東、廣西、及菲律賓等地區,而台灣產之槍刀菜屬 植物依台灣植物誌 (Flora of Taiwan)(2) 所載共有六

角 英 (Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown) 和 槍 刀 菜 (Hypoestes cumingiana Bentham et Hooker) 兩種。其 中六角英民間常以全草入藥,具有止痛消炎,散瘀 消腫,生肌止血,解熱袪痰之效;常應用於腹痛、 咽喉疼痛、赤眼腫痛、肝炎、刀槍創傷出血、打傷 骨折等之治療(1, 3)。依報告本屬植物具有抗肝毒性 (4)、細胞毒性(5)、抗腫瘤(6)、抗菌(7)、提高青春期賀 爾蒙(8)等活性之報告,而民間則用於治療胃痛(9) 驅除寄生蟲(10)與胸部疾病(11)等。 六角英在本屬植物文獻中的資料,在化學成分 及藥理活性方面的相關報告均十分缺乏。因此,首 先針對六角英民間常見用途,如解熱(12-15)、鎮靜 (16-19)、鎮痛(20-22)、保肝(23)等,進行藥理活性的研究 評估,確立六角英在藥理方面的療效,並進一步進 行化學成分的分離。 試將其甲醇萃取物以不同溶媒分別萃取後,分 成— 正己烷層、氯仿層、乙酸乙酯層、正丁醇層、 水層等五層,進行六角英之成分分離,共分離得到 5 個化合物,分別為 lupeol(H-1) (24-30)、β-sitosterol and stigmasterol(H-2) (31-33)、 hexacosanoic acid (H-3)

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p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate (C-1) (36)、 friedelin (C-2) (37-39)等成分,並利用光譜分析鑑定其 結構,另在藥理活性預試驗中,可以發現六角英確 有具劑量依存性之解熱消炎、鎮靜鎮痛、保肝等功 效,以期對現今的醫藥學領域,貢獻新知。 三、結果與討論 Lupeol (H-1) 白色針晶;m.p.: 213~215℃; EIMS(m/z): 426 (M+); IR νKBrmaxcm-1: 3344.8, 2947.4, 2858.7, 1454.4, 1381.1, 1041.6, 879.6; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) ä: 4.70 (1H, dd, J=2.4, 1.4Hz, H-29),4.58 (1H, d, J=2.4, H-29), 3.20 (1H, m, H-3),2.37 (1H, ddd, H-19),1.69 (3H, s, H-30),0.76、0.79、0.83、0.94、0.97、1.03 (3H each, s, 5×CH3)

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3 白色針晶;m.p.: 160~165℃; EIMS(m/z): 414 (M+), 412 (M+); 1H-NMR (CDCl3) ä: 5.36 (1H, d, J=5 Hz, H-6), 4.90~5.34 (2H, m, H-22, 23), 3.53 (1H, m, H-3), 1.04 (3H, s, H-19), 1.01 (3H, d, H-21), 0.81 (6H, d, H-26, 27), 0.68 (3H, s, H-18) Hexacosanoic acid (H-3) 白色粉末; m.p.: 86-88℃; EIMS(m/z): 396 (M+); IR νKBrmaxcm-1: 2924.0, 2856.0, 1729.0, 1716.0, 1479.0; 1H-NMR (CDCl 3) ä: 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.5, H-2),1.64 (2H, m, H-9), 1.32~1.25 (each 2H, s, H-3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10), 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.4, H-11)

p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate (C-1)

白色粉末; m.p.: 165-166℃; EIMS(m/z): 314 (M+); IR νKBrmaxcm-1: 3303.5, 2943.8, 1652.2, 1600.3, 1518.0, 1269.9, 1122.1, 1025.6; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) ä: 2.76 (2H, t, J=7.34 Hz, H-2"), 3.48 (2H, t, J=7.38 Hz, H-1"), 3.91 (3H, s, -OCH3),6.42 (1H, d, J=16Hz, H-1), 7.45 (1H, d, J=16Hz, H-2),6.75 (2H, d, J=8 Hz, H-3'",5'"), 7.06 (2H, d, J=8 Hz, H-2'",6'"), 6.81 (1H, d, J=8Hz, H-5'), 7.02 (1H, dd, J=8, 1.5Hz, H-6'), 7.10 (1H, d, J=1.7Hz, H-2'); 13C-NMR (CD3OD) ä: 168.2 (C=O), 155.9 (C-4'"), 148.9 (C-3'), 148.4 (C-4'), 140.9 (C-2), 130.6 (C-1'"), 127.7 (C-1'), 129.7 (C-2'", 6'"), 122.2 (C-6'), 118.4 (C-1), 115.7 (C-5'), 115.5 (C-3'", 5'"), 111.3 (C-2'), 55.8 (MeO-), 41.4 (C-1"), 34.8 (C-2") friedelin (C-2) 白色針狀結晶;m.p.: 247-250℃; EIMS(m/z): 426 (M+); 1H-NMR (CDCl3) ä: 0.72 (3H, s, H-24), 0.86 (3H, s, H-25), 0.89 (3H, d, H-23), 0.95 (3H, s, H-29), 1.00 (3H, s, H-26, 30), 1.04 (3H, s, H-27), 1.17 (3H, s, H-28) 本實驗由六角英抽出物鑑定出五個化合物,其 中 lupeol (H-1)、phytosterol (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol 的 混 合 物 ) (H-2) 、 Hexacosanoic acid (H-3) 、

p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate (C-1) 、 friedelin (C-2)等為本屬植物中首次分離得到之成分。本研究 並以六角英之甲醇粗抽物進行藥理活性評估,從醋 酸扭體及福馬林舔足實驗之結果顯示腹腔給予六 角英之甲醇萃取物具有顯著的鎮痛作用,在較大劑 量下(0.1~0.5 g/kg),幾乎可以抑制醋酸所造成之扭 體次數,而對福馬林引起之疼痛前期、後期均具顯 著之抑制作用。此外,在鎮靜方面,六角英萃取物 (0.05~0.5g/kg i.p.)可延長 Pentobarbital 之鎮靜效 果,尚可誘發劑量依存性之自發運動量降低,大劑 量(0.5g/kg i.p.)之六角英甲醇萃取物可誘發快速之 肌肉鬆弛作用。而在降溫方面,使用六角英萃取物 (0.01~0.5g/kg) , 在 室 溫 下 對 細 菌 內 毒 素 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)誘發發燒之大鼠,具明顯 及劑量依存性之解熱作用。本研究並針對保肝效果 評估,對大白鼠口服投予六角英之甲醇萃取物,後 以四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride)誘導肝毒性產生, 可見大鼠血清轉氨 sGOT、sGPT 等生化指數及病 理組織切片觀察,均呈有意義的抑制作用,且以 1g/kg 效果最好。 四、計畫成果自評 在藥理活性實驗部分,發現六角英地上部之甲 醇總萃取物口服之急性毒性小(>10g/kg),而腹腔注 射則具有較強之急性毒性 (LD50 1.4g/kg);對 LPS 誘發之高溫有明顯的降溫作用,但並不影響正常體 溫。口服投予六角英 1g/kg 對預防四氯化碳引起之 急性肝毒性可達最大效果。此外在福馬林及醋酸扭 體試驗中,六角英具顯著之鎮痛效果;其它在鎮 靜、肌肉鬆弛、減低運動量等試驗也具有劑量依存 性之作用。 綜上所述,台灣民間常利用六角英(Hypoestes purpurea R. Brown)其全草部份,供作解熱鎮痛、 鎮靜保肝之藥物使用,藥理實驗結果也顯示本植物 確具有其效用。本研究所分離出成分之藥理活性, 則有待進一步之探討與確認。 五、參考文獻 1. 邱年永、張光雄:原色臺灣藥用植物圖鑑(5), 南天書局,台北 1998; 202-207。 2. 台灣植物誌編輯委員會:台灣植物誌第二版 ( 四 ) , 現 代 關 係 出 版 社 , 台 北 1998 ; 661-664。 3. 甘偉松:臺灣植物藥材誌(二),國立中國醫 藥研究所,1978; 62。

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參考文獻

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