Hypertriglyceridemia and the Related Factors in Middle-Aged Adults in Taiwan

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(1)1. Hypertriglyceridemia and the Related Factors in Middle-aged Adults in Taiwan 2. 1. Cheng-Chieh Lin, Tsai-Chung Li , Shih-Wei Lai, Kim-Choy Ng , Kuo-Che Wang, Chiu-Shong Liu 1. Department of Community Medicine, and Department of Emergency, China Medical College Hospital; 2. Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.. Background. Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and the related factors in middle-aged adults. Methods. We used data collected from the Provincial Government in Chung-Hsing Village in Taiwan during May 1998. All officers included in the study were between 40 and 64 years old. Totally, 709 volunteers underwent blood tests. To study the significant correlates of hypertriglyceridemia, the t -test, chi-squared analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results. Our results showed that the participants included 40% men and 60% women. The mean age was 50.5. 6.8 years. The mean triglyceride values were 1.74. 1.17 mmol/L in the men and 1.43. 0.85 mmol/L in the women, respectively (p < 0.001). The proportions of hypertriglyceridemia were 20.1% in the men and 12.7% in the women (p < 0.01). After controlling the other covariates, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the significant related factors of hypertriglyceridemia were abnormal glutamic pyruvic transaminase, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia. Conclusions. Hypertriglyceridemia is more common in middle-aged men than in middle-aged women. It is recommended that serum triglyceride levels should be tested if high serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase value, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, or hyperuricemia is found in middle-aged adults. (Mid Taiwan J Med 2001;6:1-6). Key words hypertriglyceridemia, middle-aged adults. triad [3]. In a report by Fu et al, the increase of. INTRODUCTION. Hypertriglyceridemia has been identified. serum triglycerides was the major char-. as one of the risk factors for the cardiovascular. acteristic of middle-aged male with hyper-. disease that can be modified [1,2]. The. lipidemia [4]. Because of the rapid and marked. combination of high serum triglyceride, small. change in life styles and dietary habits, chronic. low-density lipoprotein particles, and a. diseases have become major public health. reduction. lipoprotein. problems. In Taiwan, the cardiovascular. cholesterol levels has been identified as an. disease is the third leading cause of death. atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, or lipid. after neoplasm and the cerebrovascular. in. high-density. disease [5]. In a study by Chou et al, the mean Received : August 3, 2000.. Revised : September 13, 2000.. Accepted : December 4, 2000. Address reprint requests to : Shih-Wei Lai, Department of. triglyceride values were 1.92 men and 1.76. 1.32 mmol/L in. 1.28 mmol/L in women. The. Community Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, No 2,. prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia ( ≥ 2.26. Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.. mmol/L) was 26.7% in the men and 23.8% in.

(2) 2. Hypertriglyceridemia in Middle-aged Adults. Table 1. The prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia in middle-aged adults with different characteristics Variable. Gender Men Women Age < 50 (years) ≥ 50 (years) Obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) No Yes Systolic pressure ≥ 140 (mm Hg) No Yes Diastolic pressure ≥ 90 (mm Hg) No Yes GPT > 30 U/L No Yes Total cholesterol ≥ 5.18 (mmol/L) No Yes Fasting glucose ≥ 6.05 (mmol/L) No Yes Uric acid (men ≥ 416.5, women ≥ 386.8 mol/L) No Yes. Total. No. (%) of cases with. number. hypertriglyceridemia. 284 425. 57 (20.1) 54 (12.7). 348 361. 43 (12.4) 68 (18.8). 639 68. 90 (14.1) 21 (30.9). 594 113. 82 (13.8) 29 (25.7). 573 133. 79 (13.8) 32 (24.1). 270 439. 23 (8.52) 88 (20.1). 505 204. 58 (11.5) 53 (26.0). 666 42. 92 (13.8) 18 (42.9). 434 274. 46 (10.6) 65 (23.7). p value. 0.011. 0.023. 0.001. 0.002. 0.005. 0.001. 0.001. 0.001. 0.001. BMI = body mass index; GPT = glutamic pyruvic transaminase.. the women [6]. Until now, few researchers. Blood pressure was measured using a. have assessed the prevalence of hyper-. mercury sphygmomanometer while the. triglyceridemia and the related factors in. subjects were in the sitting position. Weight. middle-aged Taiwanese adults. As a result,. and height were measured. Blood samples. recommendations for the promotion of. were obtained in the morning after the. healthy life styles and disease prevention in. subjects had fasted for 12 hours overnight. A. middle-aged adults remain uncertain. Thus, it. number of bio-chemical markers, such as. is time to pay attention to the health of. glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), total. middle-aged adults in Taiwan.. cholesterol, triglyc-eride, fasting glucose, and. In our recent survey of middle-aged. uric acid were analyzed using a biochemical. adults in Chung-Hsing Village in Taiwan, we. autoanalyser (Chem1 , Technicon, USA) at the. evaluated the prevalence of hypertriglyc-. Department of Clinical Laboratory of Chung-. eridemia and the related factors.. +. Hsing Hospital within 4 hours of collection. Body mass index (BMI) was measured as. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In May 1998, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Chung-Hsing Village in Taiwan.. follows: weight (kg). 2. height (m) . BMI ≥ 28. was defined as obese, 25 ≤ BMI < 28 was. All of the officers working at the Provincial. overweight, 20 ≤ BMI < 25 was normal and. Government who were between 40 and 64. BMI < 20 was underweight [7]. High serum. years old were chosen for this study. A total of. GPT values were defined as GPT > 30 U/L [8].. 709 volunteers visited Chung-Hsing Hospital. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as total. and underwent blood tests.. cholesterol ≥. 5.18 mmol/L and hyper-.

(3) Cheng-Chieh Lin, et al.. 3. Table 2. Results of multivariate logistic regression for hypertriglyceridemia in adults EP (SE). Variable Intercept Gender (men as reference) Women Age (< 50 years as reference) ≥ 50 BMI (kg/m2, non-obese as reference) Obesity Systolic pressure (< 140 mmHg as reference) ≥ 140 Diastolic pressure (< 90 mmHg as reference) ≥ 90 GPT (≤ 30 U/L as reference) > 30 Total cholesterol (< 5.18 mmol/L as reference) ≥ 5.18 Fasting glucose (< 6.05 mmol/L as reference) ≥ 6.05 Uric acid (men < 416.5, women < 386.8 mol/L as reference ) ≥ 416.5 (women ≥ 386.8). OR. 95% CI. 0.25 (0.24). 0.78. 0.49 1.25. 0.23 (0.23). 1.26. 0.80 1.97. 0.62 (0.32). 1.86. 0.99 3.45. 0.16 (0.35). 1.17. 0.59 2.32. 0.27 (0.33). 1.31. 0.69 2.49. 0.67 (0.27). 1.95. 1.15. 0.85 (0.23). 2.35. 1.50 3.68. 1.32 (0.37). 3.74. 1.83 7.67. 0.78 (0.24). 2.18. 1.35 3.49. 2.85 (0.50). 3.31*. *p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001. EP = estimated parameter; SE = standard error; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence intervals; BMI = body mass index; GPT = glutamic pyruvic transaminase.. triglyceridemia was defined as triglyceride ≥. The results of the chi-squared analysis. 2.26 mmol/L [9]. Hyperglycemia was defined as. for hypertriglyceridemia among the related. fasting glucose ≥ 6.05 mmol/L [10]. Subjects. factors are shown in Table 1. The significant. were considered to have high blood pressure if the average of three readings exceeded 140 mmHg systolically and/or 90 mmHg diastolically [11]. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid ≥ 416.5. mol/L in the men and. ≥ 386.8 mol/L in the women [12].. correlates of those with hypertriglyceridemia were male gender, age older than 50 years, obesity, high systolic pressure, high diastolic pressure, high serum GPT value, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia. The results of multivariate logistic. The statistical analyses were performed. regression for hypertriglyceridemia are shown. by the aid of a SAS package (Version 6.12, SAS. in Table 2. After controlling the other. Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina). The. covariates, the significant correlates of. methods of statistical analysis in this study. hypertriglyceridemia were high serum GPT. were t -test, chi-squared analysis, and multi-. value (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% Confidence. variate logistic regression. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.. intervals [CI] = 1.15 3.31), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.50 3.68), hyperglycemia (OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 1.83 7.67), and hyper-. RESULTS. uricemia (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.35 3.49). No. Our study sample included 40% men. significant associations were found between. and 60% women from total 709 subjects. The. hypertriglyceridemia and gender, age, obesity,. mean age was 50.5. 6.8 years. The mean. triglyceride values were 1.74 the men and 1.43. or hypertension.. 1.17 mmol/L in. 0.85 mmol/L in the. DISCUSSION. wo m e n , r e s p e c t i ve l y ( p < 0 . 0 0 1 ) . T h e. GPT catalyzes the transfer of the amino. proportions of hypertriglyceridemia were. group of alanine to glutaric acid, forming. 20.1% in the men and 12.7% in the women (p <. glutamic acid and pyruvic acid [13]. Elevated. 0.01).. serum GPT usually indicates liver damage [13]..

(4) 4. Hypertriglyceridemia in Middle-aged Adults. In our report, hypertriglyceridemia was. serum GPT value, hypercholesterolemia,. significantly associated with high serum GPT. hyperglycemia, or hyperuricemia are observed. values. Because hypertriglyceridemia always. in middle-aged adults.. results in fatty changes in the liver, the fat accumulation in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes causes a leakage of cytoplasmic GPT into the. REFERENCES 1.. LaRosa JC. Triglycerides and coronary risk in women. blood [8]. Therefore, increased serum GPT. and the elderly.. activities might be detected if hyper-. 1997;157: 961-8.. triglyceridemia were present.. [Review] Arch Intern Med. 2. Austin MA, Hokanson JE, Edwards KL. Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J. In a report by Miccoli et al, the com-. Cardiol 1998;81(4A):7B-12B.. bination of high serum triglyceride levels,. 3. Miccoli R, Ceraudo AM, Manfredi SG, et al.. small low density lipoprotein particles, and a. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and. reduction in high density lipoprotein. cardiovascular risk. [Review] Cardiologia 1999;. cholesterol levels were commonly associated. 44:885-99.. with peripheral resistance to the action of. 4.. insulin, hyperinsulinism, central and visceral. disorders was called metabolic syndrome. In our study, hypertriglyceridemia was sig-. middle-aged. male. Department of Health, Taiwan. General health statistics. 1999.. 6.. Chou P, Hsiao KJ, Lin JW, et al. Community-based survey on blood pressure, blood biochemistry and dietary habits in Pu-Li, Taiwan. Chung Hua I Hsueh. terolemia and hyperglycemia. In previous. Tsa Chih (Taipei) 1992;50:279-87. 7.. Huang PC, Yu SL, Lin YM, et al. Body weight of Chinese adults by sex, age and body height and. with obesity, glucose intolerance/diabetes. criterion of obesity based on body mass index. J. mellitus, and essential hypertension [12,14-16]. In our study, hypertriglyceridemia was also. of. Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1997;28:10-3. 5.. nificantly associated with hypercholesstudies, hyperlipidemia was often associated. levels. hyperlipidemics in Chengdu district. Hua Hsi I Ko. obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, hypercoagulability [3]. The clustering of these. Fu M, Liu B, Wu Z, et al. The serum lipid and apolipoprotein. Chin Nutr Soc 1992;17:157-72. 8.. Noguchi H, Tazawa Y, Nishinomiya F, et al. The. significantly associated with hyperuricemia,. relationship between serum transaminase activities. which was similar to a report by Saggiani et al. and fatty liver in children with simple obesity. Acta. [12]. The above findings further demonstrated that there were significant associations between hypertriglyceridemia and hyperc-. Paediatr Jpn 1995;37:621-5. 9.. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High. holesterolemia, and hyperglycemia, and. Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA 1993;269:3015-23.. hyperuricemia. Thus, clustering of metabolic. 10. The expert committee on the diagnosis and clas-. disorders within the same individual is the. sification of diabetes mellitus: report of the expert. rule [12,14-16]. However, no significant. committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2000;23:4-19.. associations were found between hyper-. 11. Summary of 1993 World Health Organization-. triglyceridemia and gender, age, obesity, or. International Society Hypertension guidelines. hypertension in our study. This may be due to. fo r the management of mild hypertension.. environmental and racial differences, but the. Subcommittee of WHO/ISH Mild Hypertension. real needs further investigation. In conclusion, hypertriglyceridemia is more common in middle-aged men than in. Liaison committee. BMJ 1993;307:1541-6. 12. Saggiani F, Pilati S, Targher G, et al. Serum uric acid and related factors in 500 hospitalized subjects. Metabolism 1996;45:1557-61.. middle-aged women. Hypertriglyceridemia. 13. Rao GM, Morghom LO, Kabur MN, et al. Serum. was significantly associated with high serum. glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and. GPT value, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-. glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in diabetes mellitus. Indian J Med Sci 1989;43:118-21.. glycemia, and hyperuricemia in middle-aged. 14. Woo J, Swaminathan R, Cockram C, et al. Association. adults. It is recommended that serum. between serum uric acid and some cardiovascular. triglyceride values should be tested if high. risk factors in a Chinese population. Postgrad Med J.

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(6) 6. 2. 1 1. 1998. 5. 40. 2. 64. 709. 709 40.0% 1.74. t. 60.0%. 50.5. 1.17 mmol/L. 6.8 1.43. 0.85 mmol/L (p <. 20.1%. 0.001) 12.7% (p < 0.01) GPT. (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) GPT 2001;6:1-. 6. 404 8/3/2000 12/4/2000. 2 9/13/2000.

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