A new species of Triadelphia from Taiwan

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Mycological Society of America

A New Species of Triadelphia from Taiwan

Author(s): S. S. Tzean and J. L. Chen

Source: Mycologia, Vol. 81, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1989), pp. 626-631

Published by: Mycological Society of America

Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3760138

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Mycologia.

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MYCOLOGIA

Drechsler, C. 1960. A clamp-bearing fungus using stalked adhesive young chlamydospores in cap- turing amoebae. Sydowia 14: 246-257, 3 plates. Farabee, M. J., E. L. Taylor, and T. N. Taylor. 1989.

Pollen and spore assemblages from the Fall For- mation (Upper Triassic), Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. (In press)

Kendrick, B., and R. Watling. 1979. Mitospores in basidiomycetes. Pp. 473-545. In: The whole fun- gus. Vol. 2. Ed., B. Kendrick. National Museum of Natural Sciences and National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.

Marvanova, L., and R. J. Bandoni. 1987. Naiadella

fluitans gen. et sp. nov.: a conidial basidiomycete. Mycologia 79: 578-586.

, and F. Barlocher. 1988. Hyphomycetes from Canadian streams. I. Basidiomycetous ana- morphs. Mycotaxon 32: 339-351.

McLaughlin, D. J. 1976. On Palaeosclerotium as a

link between ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Science 193: 602.

Rijkenberg, F. H. J., and S. J. Truter. 1974. The

ultrastructure of Puccinia sorghi. Protoplasma 81:

231-245.

Rosinski, M. A., and A. D. Robinson. 1968. Hybrid- ization of Panus tigrinus and Lentodium squa- mulosum. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 242-246.

Rothwell, G. W. 1972. Palaeosclerotium pusillum gen.

Drechsler, C. 1960. A clamp-bearing fungus using stalked adhesive young chlamydospores in cap- turing amoebae. Sydowia 14: 246-257, 3 plates. Farabee, M. J., E. L. Taylor, and T. N. Taylor. 1989.

Pollen and spore assemblages from the Fall For- mation (Upper Triassic), Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. (In press)

Kendrick, B., and R. Watling. 1979. Mitospores in basidiomycetes. Pp. 473-545. In: The whole fun- gus. Vol. 2. Ed., B. Kendrick. National Museum of Natural Sciences and National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.

Marvanova, L., and R. J. Bandoni. 1987. Naiadella

fluitans gen. et sp. nov.: a conidial basidiomycete. Mycologia 79: 578-586.

, and F. Barlocher. 1988. Hyphomycetes from Canadian streams. I. Basidiomycetous ana- morphs. Mycotaxon 32: 339-351.

McLaughlin, D. J. 1976. On Palaeosclerotium as a

link between ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Science 193: 602.

Rijkenberg, F. H. J., and S. J. Truter. 1974. The

ultrastructure of Puccinia sorghi. Protoplasma 81:

231-245.

Rosinski, M. A., and A. D. Robinson. 1968. Hybrid- ization of Panus tigrinus and Lentodium squa- mulosum. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 242-246.

Rothwell, G. W. 1972. Palaeosclerotium pusillum gen.

et sp. nov., a fossil eumycete from the Pennsyl- vanian of Illinois. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 2353-2356. Sigler, L., and J. W. Carmichael. 1976. Taxonomy

ofMalbranchea and some other hyphomycetes with

arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 4: 349-488.

Singer, R. 1977. An interpretation of Palaeosclero-

tium. Mycologia 69: 850-854.

Smoot, E. L., T. N. Taylor, and T. Delevoryas. 1985.

Structurally preserved fossil plants from Antarc-

tica. I. Antarcticycas, gen. nov., a Triassic cycad

stem from the Beardmore Glacier area. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 1410-1423.

Stubblefield, S. P., and T. N. Taylor. 1986. Wood decay in silicified gymnosperms from Antarctica. Bot. Gaz. 147: 116-125.

, and . 1988. Tansley review no. 12.

Recent advances in palaeomycology. New Phytol. 108: 3-25.

, and C. B. Beck. 1985. Studies of Paleozoic fungi. V. Wood decaying fungi in Cal-

lixylon newberryi from the Upper Devonian. Amer.

J. Bot. 72: 1765-1774.

Webster, J. 1970. Introduction tofungi. Cambridge

Univ. Press, Cambridge.

, and E. Descals. 1981. Morphology, distri- bution, and ecology of conidial fungi in freshwater habitats. Pp. 295-355. In: Biology of conidialfun- gi. Vol. 1. Eds., G. T. Cole and B. Kendrick. Ac- ademic Press, New York.

et sp. nov., a fossil eumycete from the Pennsyl- vanian of Illinois. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 2353-2356. Sigler, L., and J. W. Carmichael. 1976. Taxonomy

ofMalbranchea and some other hyphomycetes with

arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 4: 349-488.

Singer, R. 1977. An interpretation of Palaeosclero-

tium. Mycologia 69: 850-854.

Smoot, E. L., T. N. Taylor, and T. Delevoryas. 1985.

Structurally preserved fossil plants from Antarc-

tica. I. Antarcticycas, gen. nov., a Triassic cycad

stem from the Beardmore Glacier area. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 1410-1423.

Stubblefield, S. P., and T. N. Taylor. 1986. Wood decay in silicified gymnosperms from Antarctica. Bot. Gaz. 147: 116-125.

, and . 1988. Tansley review no. 12.

Recent advances in palaeomycology. New Phytol. 108: 3-25.

, and C. B. Beck. 1985. Studies of Paleozoic fungi. V. Wood decaying fungi in Cal-

lixylon newberryi from the Upper Devonian. Amer.

J. Bot. 72: 1765-1774.

Webster, J. 1970. Introduction tofungi. Cambridge

Univ. Press, Cambridge.

, and E. Descals. 1981. Morphology, distri- bution, and ecology of conidial fungi in freshwater habitats. Pp. 295-355. In: Biology of conidialfun- gi. Vol. 1. Eds., G. T. Cole and B. Kendrick. Ac- ademic Press, New York.

Mycologia, 81(4), 1989, pp. 626-631.

? 1989, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126

A NEW SPECIES OF TRIADELPHIA FROM TAIWAN

S. S. TZEAN AND J. L. CHEN

Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10764

Triadelphia was erected by Shearer and Crane pleomorphic, possessing 3-5 forms of conidia.

(1971) to accommodate a single species, T. het- Constantinescu and Samson (1982) described a

Mycologia, 81(4), 1989, pp. 626-631.

A NEW SPECIES OF TRIADELPHIA FROM TAIWAN

S. S. TZEAN AND J. L. CHEN

Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10764

Triadelphia was erected by Shearer and Crane pleomorphic, possessing 3-5 forms of conidia.

(1971) to accommodate a single species, T. het- Constantinescu and Samson (1982) described a

erospora, a saprophyte on balsa wood blocks sub- merged in the Patuxent River, Maryland. Tria- delphia heterospora characteristically produces two different forms of conidia; one is cylindrical and 2-septate, the other is broadly obclavate to ellipsoid and 4-7-septate (Shearer and Crane, 1971). Constantinescu and Samson (1982) reex- amined herbarium specimens of T. inquinans (Sacc.) Hughes & Pirozynski and T. heterospora Shearer & Crane and living cultures of T. lou- detiae Maggi et al. and T. pulvinata Maggi et al. Their studies indicated these species to be highly erospora, a saprophyte on balsa wood blocks sub- merged in the Patuxent River, Maryland. Tria- delphia heterospora characteristically produces two different forms of conidia; one is cylindrical and 2-septate, the other is broadly obclavate to ellipsoid and 4-7-septate (Shearer and Crane, 1971). Constantinescu and Samson (1982) reex- amined herbarium specimens of T. inquinans (Sacc.) Hughes & Pirozynski and T. heterospora Shearer & Crane and living cultures of T. lou- detiae Maggi et al. and T. pulvinata Maggi et al. Their studies indicated these species to be highly

new species, T. romanica, and transferred Stem- phylium albamensis Matsushima to Triadelphia. They also emended the generic description of Triadelphia, redescribed and illustrated all pre- viously documented species and provided a key to six described or newly combined species. Re- cently, Dicoccum uniseptatum (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. was transferred to Triadelphia based on conidi- ogenous cell morphology, conidium ontogeny and conidium morphology, which are all comparable to the six Triadelphia species. Triadelphia uni- septatum differs from other Triadelphia species, new species, T. romanica, and transferred Stem- phylium albamensis Matsushima to Triadelphia. They also emended the generic description of Triadelphia, redescribed and illustrated all pre- viously documented species and provided a key to six described or newly combined species. Re- cently, Dicoccum uniseptatum (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. was transferred to Triadelphia based on conidi- ogenous cell morphology, conidium ontogeny and conidium morphology, which are all comparable to the six Triadelphia species. Triadelphia uni- septatum differs from other Triadelphia species, 626

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BRIEF ARTICLES

FIG. _{1. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia of Triadelphia diversa. Conidia, pleomorphic, of}

five types: A, B, D, E, and F.

possessing one type of conidium which is ob- ovoid to broadly obovoid and 1-septate conidia (Kirk, 1983).

During investigations of the Hyphomycetes on fallen decaying leaves and stems from Taiwan,

a fungus in culture produced five types of conidia (cf. FIG. 3): A-type, cylindrical, 1-2-septate, sep- ta covered with broad dark bands; B-type, club- shaped, 1-septate, septum covered with a dark band; D-type, obclavate with acicular tips, mul- 627

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MYCOLOGIA

I

a

4

D

B

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FIG. _{2. A-F. Conidiogenous cells and pleomorphic conidia of Triadelphia diversa. A. A-type conidia, cylin-}

drical, initiated from doliiform conidiogenous cells, 1-2-septate, septa covered with broad dark bands. B. A-type conidia with basal cells hyaline, rounded (arrow) or truncate. C. A- and B-type conidia; B-type conidium club- shaped. D. E-type conidia, allantoid, initiated from cylindrical conidiogenous cells. E. D-type conidia, obclavate with acicular tips. F. A-, E- and F-type conidia. F-type conidia obovate, pale brown, unicellular, thin-walled (arrows). Bars = 10 jm.

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BRIEF ARTICLES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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FIG. 3. Synoptic table of conidial forms (A-F) in eight species of Triadelphia: 1. T. heterospora. 2. T. inquinans. 3. T. loudetiae. 4. T. pulvinata. 5. T. romanica. 6. T. alabamensis. 7. T. uniseptatum. 8. T. diversa. 1-6 redrawn with permission from Constantinescu and Samson (1982).

tiseptate, central septa covered with dark bands; E-type, allantoid or reniform, 1-septate; F-type, obovate, unicellular. C-type conidia, such as those formed by some species of Triadelphus, were not observed in T. diversa. These conidia are similar to Triadelphia, but A-, B- and D-type conidia

exhibited morphological characteristics which differed from any described species (Constanti- nescu and Samson, 1982; Hughes and Pirozyn- ski, 1972; Kirk, 1983; Maggi et al., 1978; Mat- sushima, 1981). The strain is described and illustrated as a new species, using Komerup and

a

b

c

d

e

f

629

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MYCOLOGIA Wanscher (1978) as color standard. A key and

illustrations adapted from Constantinescu and Samson (1982) are provided.

Triadelphia diversa Tzean & Chen, sp. nov. FIGS. 1, 2 Coloniae on CMA (Zea mays L. farinosis, agaribus) tenuiter effusae, centra cinerea alba ad atrobrunneas margine hyalina. Mycelium septatum, ramosum, par- tim superficiale sed maximam partem submersum.

Cellulae conidioportatae hyalinae, laeves, portatae di-

recte in mycelio, solitariae vel agglomeratae ad caespitosas, facientes sporodochia-similes structurae, ampulliformes, cylindraceae, doliiformes, macrone- matoideae, holoblastae, monoblastae, determinatae,

2.8-6.4 x 2.7-3.9 Atm. Conidia acroportata, solitaria,

exsiccata 5 dissimilis formae: 1) cylindracea, stricta vel leviter curva, paries laevis, 13.7-24 x 4-8 /am, 1-2-

septatus, septum tectum cum 2 Atm atro-vittis. Cellulae

apicis & centralis brunneae, cellulae basis hyalinae vel dilutae brunneae, apice rotundatae, base rotundatae, vel truncatae 1.3-3.1 Am latae, raro cum inconspicuis

poris; 2) late clavatae, 11.5-15.3 x 6.3-8 anm, in trans-

versalibus septis prope bases, tectae cum 1.8-2 ,Am atro-vittis, cellula apicis brunnea, cellula basis hyalina vel diluta brunnea cum truncatis basis 2-4 Lm lata; 3) obclavata, 4-6-septata, 15-26 x 6-7 Am, cellula ter- minata hyalina vel diluta brunnea acicularis, cellula basis subhyalina ad dilutam brunneam, truncata, cel- lula centralis diluta brunnea ad brunneam, saepe cum 0.8-1.6 Am atrovittis ad septum; 4) allantoidea vel reniformis, hyalina vel diluta brunnea, 1-septata, lae-

vis, tenuis-parties, 8-16 x 3-5 ,m; et 5) obovata, diluta

brunnea, unicellularis, laevis, base truncata, 5.9-9.8 x

4.3-5.6 tm, hilum inconspicuum.

Colonies on corn meal agar thinly effuse; cen- ter grey white to dark brown; margin hyaline. Mycelium septate, branched, partly superficial but mostly submerged. Conidiogenous cells hya- line, smooth, borne directly on the mycelium, solitary or agglomerate to caespitose, forming sporodochia-like structures, flask-shaped, cylin- drical, doliiform, macronematous, holoblastic, monoblastic, determinate, 2.8-6.4 x 2.7-3.9 Am. Conidia acrogenous, solitary, dry, of five differ- ent forms: 1) cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 13.7-24 x 4-8 /im, 1-2-septate; septa covered with dark 2 ,m bands; wall smooth; tip and central cells brown, basal cell hyaline or pale brown; tip rounded and base rounded or trun-

cate, 1.3-3.1

,m

wide, rarely with inconspicuous

pore; 2) broadly clavate, 11.5-15.3 x 6.3-8 ium, with one transverse septum near the base, cov- ered with a dark 1.8-2 Am band; wall smooth; tip cell brown, basal cell hyaline or pale brown, with truncate base 2-4 am wide; 3) obclavate, 4-6-septate, 15-26 x 6-7 am; end cells hyaline or pale brown, acicular, basal cells subhyaline to pale brown, truncate, central cells pale brown to brown, often with 0.8-1.6 am dark bands at the septa; 4) allantoid or reniform, hyaline or pale brown, 1-septate, smooth, thin-walled, 8-16 x 3-5 jm; and 5) obovate, pale brown, unicellular, smooth, 5.9-9.8 x 4.3-5.6 am; hilum incon- spicuous; base truncate.

Habitat. -Isolation _{from fallen, decayed an-}

giosperm tree stem collected from Tsuben for- estry recreation area, Taitung, Taiwan, 30.111.87. HOLOTYPUS: PPH3 (dried culture) and ex-ty- pus PPH3E, deposited in the Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; ex-typus PPH3E also deposited in Culture Collection and Research Center (CCRC 32225), Hsinchu, Taiwan.

ISOTYPUS: _{PPH3-1 (dried culture) also deposited}

in New York Botanical Garden.

Gross morphological characteristics of T. di- versa are similar to T. heterospora and T. inqui- nans. Nevertheless, there are several noticeable differences. For instance, T. heterospora did not produce B-type conidia, while T. diversa does so (FIG. 3). While A-type conidia produced by T. diversa are characterized by septa covered with 1-2 dark bands, A-type conidia of T. heterospora show a single broader dark band covering the septa. The basal cell is usually brown and round- ed in T. heterospora, but conidia of T. diversa possess hyaline or pale brown, truncate or round- ed basal cells. The D-type conidia of T. diversa are obclavate, those of T. heterospora are broadly obclavate or ellipsoid. Pronounced differences also exist in shape, size, band position and band number in A-, B-, and E-type conidia in T. di- versa and T. inquinans (FIG. 3). Additionally, C-type conidia are produced by T. inquinans but not by T. diversa, and E-type conidia are pro- duced by T. diversa but not by T. inquinans.

KEY TO TRIADELPHIA SPECIES

1. At least one form of broadly obclavate, fusiform, or ellipsoidal, multiseptate conidia present ... 2

i. Not as above

1. Not as above ... ... ... 5

2. Conidia fusiform, ellipsoidal, without acerose end cells ... T. alabamensis

2. Conidia broadly obclavate, or ellipsoidal, with acerose end cells ... ''' "''''' "''''' " "''3 3

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BRIEF ARTICLES 631

3. Allantoid or reniform conidia absent ... T. inquinans 3. Allantoid or reniform conidia present ... 4

4. Clavate conidia present ... T. diversa

4. Clavate conidia absent ... T. heterospora

5. Acerose to obclavate conidia present ... .. 6 5. Acerose to obclavate conidia absent ... T. uniseptatum

6. Clavate conidia present ... ... T. romanica

6. Clavate conidia absent ... 7

7. Cylindrical conidia 2-septate ... ... T. loudetiae 7. Cylindrical conidia 1-septate ... . ... T. pulvinata

BRIEF ARTICLES 631

3. Allantoid or reniform conidia absent ... T. inquinans 3. Allantoid or reniform conidia present ... 4

4. Clavate conidia present ... T. diversa

4. Clavate conidia absent ... T. heterospora

5. Acerose to obclavate conidia present ... .. 6 5. Acerose to obclavate conidia absent ... T. uniseptatum

6. Clavate conidia present ... ... T. romanica

6. Clavate conidia absent ... 7

7. Cylindrical conidia 2-septate ... ... T. loudetiae 7. Cylindrical conidia 1-septate ... . ... T. pulvinata

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by National Science Coun- cil R.O.C., grant NSC-0409-B002-14. The authors are indebted to T. Matsushima for invaluable comments on the taxon, and to Dr. J. C. Liao for preparation of the Latin diagnosis.

Key Words: Triadelphia, Hyphomycetes, taxonomy.

LITERATURE CITED

Constantinescu, 0., and R. A. Samson. 1982. Tria-

delphia, a pleomorphic genus of Hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 15: 472-486.

Hughes, S. J., and K. A. Pirozynski. 1972. Dicoccum Corda. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 2521-2534.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by National Science Coun- cil R.O.C., grant NSC-0409-B002-14. The authors are indebted to T. Matsushima for invaluable comments on the taxon, and to Dr. J. C. Liao for preparation of the Latin diagnosis.

Key Words: Triadelphia, Hyphomycetes, taxonomy.

LITERATURE CITED

Constantinescu, 0., and R. A. Samson. 1982. Tria-

delphia, a pleomorphic genus of Hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 15: 472-486.

Hughes, S. J., and K. A. Pirozynski. 1972. Dicoccum Corda. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 2521-2534.

Kirk, P. M. 1983. New or interesting microfungi IX.

Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Esher Com- mon. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 80: 449-467.

Kornerup, A., and J. H. Wanscher. 1978. Methuen

handbook of colour. 3rd Ed. Eyre Methuen, Lon- don.

Maggi, O., A. Bartoli, and A. Rambelli. 1978. Two new species of Triadelphia from rhizosphere of Loudetia simplex in the Ivory Coast. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 71: 148-154.

Matsushima, T. 1981. Matsushima mycological memoirs. No. 2. Matsushima, Kobe, Japan. P. 16. Shearer, C. A., and J. L. Crane. 1971. Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. I. Patuxent River. Mycologia 63: 237-260.

Kirk, P. M. 1983. New or interesting microfungi IX.

Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Esher Com- mon. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 80: 449-467.

Kornerup, A., and J. H. Wanscher. 1978. Methuen

handbook of colour. 3rd Ed. Eyre Methuen, Lon- don.

Maggi, O., A. Bartoli, and A. Rambelli. 1978. Two new species of Triadelphia from rhizosphere of Loudetia simplex in the Ivory Coast. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 71: 148-154.

Matsushima, T. 1981. Matsushima mycological memoirs. No. 2. Matsushima, Kobe, Japan. P. 16. Shearer, C. A., and J. L. Crane. 1971. Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. I. Patuxent River. Mycologia 63: 237-260.

Mycologia, 81(4), 1989, pp. 631-636.

SPORE-TO-SPORE CULTURE OF PHYSARUM SPINISPORUM

AND ITS TRANSFER TO BADHAMIA1

HAROLD W. KELLER

Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington,

Arlington, Texas 76019

AND

JEAN D. SCHOKNECHT Mycologia, 81(4), 1989, pp. 631-636.

SPORE-TO-SPORE CULTURE OF PHYSARUM SPINISPORUM

AND ITS TRANSFER TO BADHAMIA1

HAROLD W. KELLER

Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington,

Arlington, Texas 76019

AND

JEAN D. SCHOKNECHT

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820

Physarum spinisporum U. Eliass. & Lundq. is lous Myxomycetes, described P. spinisporum

a distinctive and apparently rare myxomycete based on moist chamber cultures of goat, rabbit,

species isolated from herbivore dung. Eliasson and camel dung from Spain and Ethiopia. Six

and Lundqvist (1979), in their study of fimico- additional collections were reported by Cox

(1981) from Butte and Lassen counties in Cali- fornia as isolates from cow dung in moist cham-

This research was supported in part by a grant from

The University of Texas at Arlington, Organized Re- bers. These specimens had "a strongly badham-

search Fund to HWK. ioid capillitium with calcareous tubules attached