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S L E E PSleep Deprivation Produces False Memories in the DRM Paradigm: Event-Related Potential (ERP) Evidence
Chi-Hsun Chang1, Chun-Cheng Lin2, Chien-Ming Yang1,3*
1Department of Psychology, National Cheng-Chi University
2Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital
3 Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng Chi University
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Is Memory Always True?
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DRM Paradigm
Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm
(Deese, 1959; Roediger III & McDermott, 1995)
Learning Test
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床鋪 枕頭 打呼
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Recognition Old, ex:床鋪
→Hit New, ex:麵包
→Correct Rejection Lure, ex:睡眠
→False Memory (睡眠)
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Studies of Sleep and False Memory
Inconsistent
- Sleep enhanced false memory
(Payne, Schacter, Propper, Huang, Wamsley, Tucker, Walker, &
Stickgold, 2009)
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- Sleep reduced false memory(Fenn, Gallo, Margoliash, Roediger III, & Nusbaum, 2009)
- Sleep deprivation before retrieval increased false memory(Diekelmann, Landolt, Lahl, Born, Wagner, 2008)
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Objects of Present Study
Behavioral level
- could not distinguish different memory retrieval process
Physiological level
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Physiological level Event-related potentials (ERPs)
N400:
- An index of Familiarity
Late Positive Complex (LPC):
- An index of Recollection
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True recognition old/new effects
ERP Old/New Effects
0 -5
+5 N400
LPC
Correct rejection (no│new) Hit (yes│old)
Nessler et al., 2001
N400 sig.: Familiarity
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False recognition old/new effects
0 200 400 800 ms
Correct rejection (no│new) False recognition (yes│lure) 0
-5
+5
0 200 400 800 ms
N400
LPC LPC sig.: Recollection
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Present Study
Sleep Sleep
Deprivation
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Familiarity RecollectionFalse memory
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Materials & Methods:
Procedures
Learning Sleep Sleep Test
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Learning Sleep S.D. Test.
Day1 Day2 Day3
12:00 p.m. 08:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 08:00 a.m.
※S.D. = Sleep Deprivation
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Materials & Methods:
Stimuli Presentation
Learning phase Test phase
32 DRM word lists
Each consists of 15 semantic related words 96 Old (3 from each list) 32 Lure (theme word form each list) 64 New (4 from each non-studied list) 000
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1500 2000
500 2000
1500
response
response
(msec ) new
1500 2000
500 1500
2000 5000
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0.600.700.80 0.90
%)
Sleep Sleep Deprivation
Results: Behavioral Data
Recognition (%)
n.s. n.s. n.s.
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0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Hit False Recognition Correct Rejection
Recognition(%
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Results: Electrophysiological Data
True recognition Old/New Effect
One way ANOVA (Hit, Correct rejection) N400
‐4
Sleep Deprivation Hit Correct Rejection
‐4
‐3
‐2
‐1 0 1 2 3
‐100 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300
Sleep Hit Correct Rejection
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N400LPCLPC : significant
: no significant
‐3
‐2
‐1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
‐100 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Results: Electrophysiological Data
False Recognition Old/New Effect
One way ANOVA
(False recognition, Correct rejection)
‐4
‐3
‐2
‐1 0 1 2 3
‐100 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300
Sleep
Correct Rejection False Recognition
4
Sleep Deprivation Correct Rejection False Recognition N400
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4 5 6 7 8 9
‐4
‐3
‐2
‐1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
‐100 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300
LPC
N400
LPC : significant
: no significant
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Conclusions
For True recognition
- Both group rely mainly on familiarity process
For False recognition
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For False recognition- Sleep deprivation may impair the recollection process for memory retrieval
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Thank for your attention
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Thanks for help from all members of NCCU Sleep Lab
