社會支持期望與獲得的差距對於求診不孕婦女婚姻滿意度之影響 The Discrepancy of Expectation and Obtaining of Social Support to the Influence of Marital Satisfaction of the Female Infertile Outpatients
中文摘要
本研究在於了解不孕症婦女對於配偶在三種類別提供的社會支持（情緒性、實質 性、訊息性），及四個主觀知覺向度的社會支持（期望、要求、提供與獲得），並 找出這些不同的類別與知覺向度的社會支持與婚姻滿意度的相關情形。
本研究以台北某醫學院附設醫院之婦產科，因不孕而來求診且不孕原因確定之女 性患者為對象。採用「社會支持量表」和「婚姻滿意度量表」為評量工具，以問 卷訪談的方式蒐集資料，共計收取134 名，所得資料以單因子變異數分析和迴 歸分析等方法進行統計分析。
研究結果顯示：
一、 對不孕婦女而言，有不孕治療經驗者和丈夫有陪同就醫者，知覺到較多的 社會支持，且婚姻滿意度亦較高。
二、 就社會人口變項「期望與獲得的差距」、「要求與獲得的差距」和「提供與 獲得的差距」來看，不孕治療經驗和丈夫陪同就醫兩項均達顯著水準。有不孕治 療經驗者，社會支持的得分差距較沒有不孕治療經驗者為大，且三種差距皆是如 此；丈夫陪同就醫頻率越少，社會支持的得分差距越大，且三種差距皆是如此。
三、 情緒性支持最能有效預測婚姻滿意度，訊息性支持次之。就向度而言，以
「獲得」的社會支持最有預測力，「期望」、「要求」與「提供」則不具預測力。
四、 社會支持各類別的差距，以社會支持期望與獲得的差距最能有效預測婚姻 滿意度，以期望減去獲得所得之分數越大，則婚姻滿意度越差；其次為社會支持 提供與獲得的差距。就內容而言，則以情緒性社會支持的期望與獲得的差距最有 預測力，得分差距越大，則婚姻滿意度越差；其次為實質性社會支持提供與獲得 的差距，得分差距越大則婚姻滿意度越差。
根據以上結果，本研究提出進一步討論，並提供不孕症諮詢建議和未來研究的方 向。
英文摘要
The research studies the relationship of emotional, instrumental and informational social support of infertility women. In this research, the differences from four dimensions (expectation, asking, providing and obtaining) of social support and their relationship was examed.
The research aimed at the female patients data was obtained from a female infertility clinic outpatients. “Social Support Questionnaire” and “Martial Satisfaction
Questionnaire” was the instruments. A total of 134 patients completed the questionnaires. Data was analyzed “Oneway Anova” and “Regression”.
The result of the research we get :
1. To the female infertile outpatients, the experience of the infertile treatment and with the companion of their husbands are positive related to social support and the level of martial satisfaction. They have more social support perceptibly and more high level of martial satisfaction.
2. According to “Discrepancy of Expectation and Obtaining”, “Discrepancy of Asking and Obtaining”, “Discrepancy of Providing and Obtaining”, both the experience of the infertility treatment and with the companion of their husbands attain the level of significance. The infertile women who have the experience of the infertility
treatment, the discrepancy are higher than others, so dose the three discrepancies.
The female infertility outpatients who with the companion of their husbands, the discrepancies decreased by the frequencies of the companion of their husbands, so dose the three discrepancies.
3. Gaining the social support is the most effective method to predict the extent of marital satisfaction. According to the content, emotional support is the most capable way of prediction and informational support is the secondary. The
“expectation”, “regarding” and “providing” of social support are not prediction.
4. The discrepancies between the expectation and the obtaining of social support is the most effective method to predict marital satisfaction. The second one is the providing and the obtaining of social support. The most effective method of predicting is also emotional support in content and the second one is tangible support. The more of the discrepancies we had, the worst of the marital satisfaction we got.
According to the result above, this research provide a further step to suggestion of infertile the direction of further research and consultation.
