Hendrick Avercamp
An encyclopedic winter scene: A study on winter landscape paintings of Hendrick Avercamp
107 2
Hendrick Avercamp 1585-1634
Avercamp
Avercamp
Avercamp
Karel van Mander Avercamp
Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp Karel van Mander
In the 17
thcentury, a large number of winter landscapes emerged in the Netherlands.
The quality and themes were so unique, almost no other region or era can compare with it. Spent almost entire life devoted himself to winter landscapes, Hendrick Avercamp (1585-1634) became a representative painter of the winter landscape painting in the era.
The winter landscape of Hendrick Avercamp had both features of genre painting and Landscape painting since he not only depicting winter scenes but also drew countless human activities in the landscape. This dissertation begins with the history and development of winter landscapes, then gradually sorts out and analyzes the development of the style of Avercamp’s paintings. At the same time, I use culture activities, geographic information, and painting theory in the 17
thcentury Netherlands to analyze and compare with the elements in the paintings. Finally, I discuss the relationship between painting and the climate change through climate data of the Little Ice Age.
The climate change and ravages during the Little Ice Age had partially affected the development of the winter landscape and the content of the images, whereas the metaphysical concept of the world and visual tradition played a more important role.
Avercamp used countless anecdotes to create a unique winter scene and built out the northern character of south flemish tradition. As Karel van Mander's painting theory and the "divine nature" promoted by the Calvinists, no matter it was good or bad, rich or poor, real or fictional, Avercamp's paintings reflect the society of the 17
thcentury Netherlands as a clear mirror. Avercamp collected the world into his paintings, created a universal winter landscape as an encyclopedic illustration. That is why his work continues to dominate our impression on the winter scene of the Netherlands until now.
Key Words: Hendrick Avercamp, Karel van Mander, Little Ice Age, Winter
Landscape, Landscape Painting
2015 Avercamp
。 Avercamp
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1 Maerten van Heemskerck Winter 1563 ... 14
2 ... 21
3 Hunters in the Snow ... 22
4 Winter landscape with Skaters and Bird Trap ... 24
5 Skating before the St. George's Gate ... 25
6 Hans Bol Autumn ... 27
7 Hans Bol Winter ... 28
8 ... 37
9 Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters Rijksmuseum ... 38
10 Hendrick Avervamp ... 40
11 1608-09 ... 41
12 ... 47
13 ... 47
14 ... 48
15 ... 49
16 ... 50
17 ... 52
18 ... 52
19 ... 53
20 ... 54
21 ... 55
22 ... 55
23 ... 56
24 ... 57
25 ... 58
26 ... 59
27 ... 60
28 ... 62
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31 ... 68
32 ... 69
33 ... 70
34 ... 70
35 ... 71
36 ... 71
37 ... 61
38 ... 72
39 ... 73
40 ... 74
41 ... 75
42 ... 75
43 ... 80
44 ... 81
45 ... 81
46 ... 83
47 ... 84
48 Hendrick Avercamp ... 85
49 Winter Scene outside the Walls of Kampen ... 88
50 ... 94
51 1565 ... 96
1
Wintertjes
2Little winter scenes
Pieter Bruegel the Elder 1525-1569 Hendrick Avercamp 1585-1634
3
Hendrick Avercamp
The Little Ice Age
1907 Wilhelm Martin
4
1930
genre painting
51 Horace Odes Dante
2 smallness Wintertjes
Winter Little Winter Scene
3 Wolfgang Stechow, “The Winter Landscape in the History of Art”, Criticism, 2:2 (spring 1960) p.175-189.
4 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt.
(England: Ashgate, 2012) p.204
5 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt.
1961 Josua Bruya
6
Eddy de Jongh 1931-
realism seeming realism
7
De Jongh De Jongh
l’art pour l’art
8
Wilfried Wiegand 1937- Jacob
van Ruisdael 1628-1682
Wiegand
9
Avercamp
Avercamp
Bruegel
Avercamp
(England: Ashgate, 2012) p.206
6 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt.
(England: Ashgate, 2012) p.210
7 Eddy de Jongh,”Realism and Seeming Realism in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Painting,”in Franits ed., Looking at Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art: Realism Reconsidered (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 21-56. de Jongh 1971 Kist Kilian Communications
8 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt.
(England: Ashgate, 2012) p.207
9 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England: Ashgate, 2012) p.207
Avercamp
Avercamp
Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp
1.
Hendrick Avercamp
1933
10Kampen Clara J. Welcker
Welcker Avercamp
Avercamp 1634
1634 Hendrick Avercamp
Barent Avercamp 1612-1679
Avercamp Welcker 1979
11
Rijksmuseum 2009
Welcker Avercamp
12
Albert Blankert 1982 Avercamp 。
13Avercamp
Avercamp Hendrick Avercamp
10 C.J. Welcker, Hendrick Avercamp, 1585-1634. Barent Avercamp, 1612-1679. Zwolle: Schilders tot Campen, 1933.
11 Albert Blankert, "Hendrick Avercamp" in Selected writings on Dutch painting: Rembrandt, Van Beke, Vermeer, and others. (B.V. Waanders Uitgeverji, 2005): 128 1982
Ina Rike
12 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene, Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009.
13 Selected writings on Dutch painting : Rembrandt, Van
Beke, Vermeer, and others Hendrick Avercamp 1585-1634, Brent Avercamp 1612- 1679: Frozan Silence, Paintings from Museums and the Private Collections
Welcker Avercamp Avercamp
Blankert Avercamp
Rijksmuseum 2009 Hedrick Avercamp
14Avercamp 30
Avercamp
Jonathan Bikker
15Welcker
Avercamp 1816 Roeland van Eijnden
Adriaan van der Willigen。 Avercamp Kampen
Adriaan M.J. de Kraker
16Pieter Roelofs Avercamp
Roelofs Avercamp
17
Jonathon Bikker The Early Owners. of Avercamp’s Work
18Avercamp Avercamp
14 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene, Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009.
15 Jonathan Bikker, “The Mute of Kampen” in Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009): 11-22
16 Adriaan M.J. de Kraker, “The Little Ice Age. Harsh Winters between 1550 and 1650” in Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009): 23-30
17 Pieter Roelofs, “The Paintings. The Dutch on the Ice” in Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009): 31-84
17 Jonathan Bikker, “The Mute of Kampen” in Hendrick Avercamp : master of the ice (Amsterdam:
Rijksmuseum, 2009): 11-22
18 Jonathan Bikker, “The Early Owners. of Avercamp’s Work” in Hendrick Avercamp : master of the ice (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009): 119-128
Bianca M du Mortier 。 Aspects of Costume
19Avercamp
Avercamp
2.
So Hee Kim 。 ’Social Functions of Transportations Represented in Hendrick Avercamp’s Winter Landscapes’ Avercamp
20
Hendrick Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp
’A mirror of nature : Dutch paintings from the collection of Mr. and Mrs. Edward William Carter’
21’Dutch paintings’
22’The glory of the Golden Age: Dutch art of the 17th century’
23’Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam: Volume 1:
Artists Born Between 1570 and 1600’
24’Hendrick Avercamp: Amsterdam and Washington’
25Winter landscape with skaters : Hendrick Avercamp
2619 Bianca M du Mortier, “Aspects of Costume“ in Hendrick Avercamp : master of the ice (Amsterdam:
Rijksmuseum, 2009): 141-164
20 So Hee Kim, "Social Functions of Transportations Represented in Hendrick Avercamp's Winter Landscapes". Journal of the Association of Western Art History, v43 (20150831): 89
21 John Walsh; Cynthia P Schneider, A mirror of nature: Dutch paintings from the collection of Mr. and Mrs. Edward William Carter. Los Angeles, Calif: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1981.
22 Christopher Brown, Dutch paintings. London: National Gallery Publications, 1983
23 The glory of the Golden Age: Dutch art of the 17th century. Amsterdam: Waanders: Rijksmuseum, c2000
24 Jonathan Bikker and Michael Hoyle, Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century in the
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam: Volume 1: Artists Born Between 1570 and 1600. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2007-2008
25 Quentin Buvelot, "Hendrick Avercamp: Amsterdam and Washington." The Burlington magazine:
152.2010, 1283, 122-123.
26 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp and Beverly Jackson, Winter landscape with skaters: Hendrick Avercamp. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2013
1.
1960
Wolfgang Stechow 1896-1974 The Winter Landscape in the History of Art Stechow
── ── 20
27
Stechow
28
Stechow
29
Philipp Otto Runge 1777- 1810 Gustav Carus 1789-1869 Caspar David Friedrich 1774-1840 Stechow
genre-landscape
Jacob van Ruisdael
30
Claude Monet 1840-1926
27Wolfgang Stechow, “The Winter Landscape in the History of Art,” Criticism, 2:2 (spring 1960):
pp.175-189
28Wolfgang Stechow, “The Winter Landscape in the History of Art,” pp. 175-189.
29
30 The Jewish Cemetery at Ouderkerk c. 1654-5
31
Stechow
32
1966 Stechow Dutch Landscape Painting of the Seventeenth Century
33Stechow 。
Stechow
Stechow
Stechow
Stechow
34
Stechow
── ──
31 The Cart, Alley under the Snow at Honfleur 1865 Snow near Honfleur 1867 The Magpie 1869
32 Wolfgang Stechow, “The Winter Landscape in the History of Art,” p.189.
33 Wolfgang Stechow, Dutch landscape painting of the seventeenth century, New York: Hacker Art Books, 1980
34 Wolfgang Stechow, Dutch landscape painting of the seventeenth century.
Stechow
Erwin Panofsky 1892-1968 」
352.
2001 Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age
3637
1932 Jacques
Goudstikker De Herengracht
3898 30
39
Avercamp
Goudstikker
Hendrick Avercamp
40Instituut Collectie Nederland Dienst
Verspreide Rijkscollecties 1977 Koud tot op het
bot
Stedelijk Meceum Alkmaar the Noordbrabants
Museum in Den Bosch the Rijksmuseum Twenthe in Enschede
Goudstikker 1960
35 Wolfgang Stechow, Dutch landscape painting of the seventeenth century. P.Vii
36 Peter van der Ploeg, Epco Runia, Ariane Suchtelen, Frederik J Duparc, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. Zwolle: Waanders, 2001.
37 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): 7-8
38
Golden Bend
39 Esais van de Velde Jan van Goyen Isack can Ostade Jan can de Cappelle Aert van der Neer Jacob van Ruisdael
40 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. 7-8.
2001 Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age
Avercamp 。
Iconography
Hendrick Avercamp
Eddy de Jongh 1920-2002 Iconography
Avercamp
Avercamp
Michael Stanford
41Avercamp
41 Michael Stanford A companion to the study of
history 2001
Avercamp
Arnold Hauser 1892-1978 1951
Hauser
Hendrick Avercamp
Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp
1
allegory personification
attribution
42
Ovid 43BC-c.AC 18
Metamorphoses Ovid
43Ovid
441563 Philips Galle 1537-1612 」 Haarlem Maerren van
Heemskerck 1498-1574
1
45
42 Ilja M. Veldman. "Seasons, Planets, and Temperament in the Work of Maarten van Heemskerck:
Cosmo-astrological Allegory in Sixteenth-Century Netherlandish Prints." Simiolus II (1980), p.151.
43 ” Young Spring was there, his head enriched with a flowery garland, and Summer, lightly clad, crowned with a wreath of corn ears; Autumn too, stained purple with treading out the vintage, and icy Winter, with white and shaggy locks.” Ilja M. Veldman. "Seasons, Planets, and Temperament in the Work of Maarten van Heemskerck: Cosmo-astrological Allegory in Sixteenth-Century
Netherlandish Prints." Simiolus II (1980), pp.151, noot 13; Metamorphosen, 2:27-30
44 Ilja M. Veldman. (1980), pp.152, note 17.
45 ‘Cold Winter, you have taken on the aspect of gaunt greybeard. Your shaggy beard is stiff from the
」
1
1 Maerten van Heemskerck Winter 1563
Philips Galle after Maerten van Heemskerck. Winter, 1563, Engraving, 217 x 250 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Heemskerck
cold, and you have covered your temples with a fur hat. A cloak of double thickness covers your body, and boots your feet. The fire from a flickering brazier warms your bloodless hands.’
Hadrianus Junius 1511-1575 Ilja M.
Veldman, Leerrijke reeksen van Maarten van Heemskerck. (The Hague: Staatsuitgeverij, 1986), p72.
── Heemskerck
Veldeman Metamorphoses
46
Hendrick Goltzius 1558-1617 Heemskerck Jacob Matham 1571-1631 Goltziu
Heemskerck Goltziu
47
Goltzius
48
Jan Saenredam 1565-
1607 1594 Winter 2
Bacchus
Cornelius Schonaeus 1540-1611
49
Jan Sadeler 1550-c.1600 」 Hans Bol 1534-1593 1580
Winter 3
46 Veldman Heemskerck Ovid
Heemskerck Ovid
Ilja M. Veldman. (1980), pp.153-155
47 Ilja M. Veldman. 'Maarten van Heemskerck en Italie,' Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 44 (1993): pp.125-42
48 Ilja M. Veldman. 'Maarten van Heemskerck en Italie,' Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 44 (1993): pp.315-317
49 “All that you see gathered in the course of the year furnishes our table lavishly in the season of icy cold”
1593 Cesare Ripa
c.1560-1620/25 1644
Iconologia of uytbecldinghe des verstands
。
50
Ripa Metamorphoses
Ovid
Jacob Cats 1577-1660 1625 Houwelick
Adriaen van de Venne 1589-1662
51
Cats
52
Cats
50 “A man or old woman, ashen and wrinkled, clad in cloths and pelts, who stands warming himself by the fire besides a well-laden table to signify that he is eating and warming himself” Cesare Ripa's Iconologia of Uytbeeldinghen des Verstants, vertaald door Dirck Pietersz. Pers, Amsterdam 1644. De facsimile ervan is ontleend aan: Cesare Ripa. Iconologia of uytbeeldinghe des verstands. Met introductie van Jochen Becker, Davaco Publishers, Soest 1971. P.507
51 Adriaen van de Venne, Hyems. Ice Scene in front of the Ruins of Honingen House near Rotterdam.
From: Jacob Cats, Houwelick, Middelburg, 1625.
52 ‘Harsh winter draws high. Rime hangs from the trees. /Frost gnaws at the greenery and binds the speeding streams; / The Plants are lifeless, or so it seems, / Yet a day will come when the bud anew.’
Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.33 J. Cats. Houwelick, Middelburg 1625, vol.4, p.1.
2
Metamorphoses Flora
Venus Ceres Bacchus
Pomona Janus Aeolus Boreas
Janus
January Janus
Janus
53
Aeolus Maarten de Vos 1532-1603
1587/88 Aeolus Venus Ceres Bacchus
Aeolus
Ripa Iconologia of uytbecldinghe des verstands Aeolus
54
Boreas
Crispijn de Passe the Elder 1565-1637
55Boreas
Orithyia Boreas Orithyia
Boreas Orithyia
53 Cesare Ripa's Iconologia of Uytbeeldinghen des Verstants, vertaald door Dirck Pietersz. Pers, Amsterdam 1644. De facsimile ervan is ontleend aan: Cesare Ripa. Iconologia of uytbeeldinghe des verstands. Met introductie van Jochen Becker, Davaco Publishers, Soest 1971. P.628.
54 Anonymous, after Maarten de Vos, Hiems Aeolo, 1588. Engraving, 218 x 276 mm, Rijksmuseum.
55 Crispijn de Passe the Elder, Hyenis, Boreas and Orithyia. Engraving, 180 x 232 mm, Rijksmuseum.
56
56 “While Boreas rages, dallying with fair Orithyia, bowed down even further by old age he tried to bring the old years to a happy end, so that becoming young he receives the new year in his back”
Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.34
1
Flemish labours of the months
57
book of hours
1416
── Gebroeders van Limburg
Très riches heures
58
57
Utrecht Haarlem
Abraham Bloemaert 1564-1651 Caesar van Everdingen c.1617-1678 Jan de Braij c.1627-1697
Flemish David Teniers the Younger 1610-1690 Sebastian Vrancx 1573-1647
58 Kenneth Clark Landscape in to Art
2013 49
59
1405 Trento
Castello del Buonconsiglio
60
1515
Simon Bening 1483/84-1516 Da Costa Book of Hours
61Bening
Bening
62Da Costa Book of Hours
59
frèresLimbourgs JeanColome
2001
60 Maestro Venceslao, Ciclo dei mesi, Gennaio. Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trento, 1390-1400
61 Simon Bening, December. C.1515, From: Da Costa Book of Hours, The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York
62 Simon Bening, January. C.1540, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich.
】 Bening
2
2
Gebroeders van Limburg Fedrary
1416
Maestro Venceslao January 1390-1400
Simon Bening December
C.1515
Simon Bening, January
C.1540
2
Pieter Bruegel the Elder 1525-1569
63December-January Hunters in the Snow
63 1565 Nicolaes Jonghelinck 1517-
1570 April-May December-January
Hunters in the Snow February-March The Gloomy Day October-November The Return of the Herd
11 11 St Mattn’s Day
June-July Haymaking August-September
The Harvesters Roger H Marijnissen, Bruegel. (Antwerpen:
Fonds Mercator, 1988) pp.70-74
Bruegel colf
klootschieten
643
3 Hunters in the Snow
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Hunters in the Snow, 1565
Oil on wood panel, 117 cm × 162 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
64 colf klootschieten
Bruegel 1551-1554
Karel van Mander 1548-1606 Bruegel Bruegel
65
Bruegel panoramic
Bruegel
66Bruegel
Bruegel Winter landscape with
Skaters and Bird Trap
67127 Bruegel
Pieter Bruegel the Younger 1564/65-1637/38
68Bruegel
Winter landscape with Skaters and Bird Trap
65 “On his travels he drew many views from life so that it is said that when he was in the Alps he swallowed all those mountains and rocks which, upon returning home, he spat out again onto canvases and panels, so faithfully was he able, in this respect and others, to follow Nature.”
Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age.
(Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.33 Karel van Mander, Het schilder-boeck, 1604. Fol.233r
66 Joachim Patinir c.1475-1524
67 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Winter landscape with Skaters and Bird Trap. 1565, Panel, 37 x 55.5 cm, Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten, Brussels
68 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.41
69 70
Bruegel December-January
4 1565 Bruegel
The Census at Bethlehem 1566
71Bruegel
Slice of Nature The Adoration of the Magi in the snow
724 Winter landscape with Skaters and Bird Trap
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Winter Landscape with Skaters and Bird Tra, 1565. Oil on panel, 37 x 55,5 cm, Musées Royaux Des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium
69 Roger H Marijnissen, Bruegel. (Antwerpen: Fonds Mercator, 1988) pp.296-303
70 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.41
71 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Census at Bethlehem. 1566, Panel, 115.5 x 163.5 cm, Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten, Brussels
72 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Adoration of the Magi in the snow, 1567. Tempera on panel, 35 x 55 cm, Museum Oskar Reinhart Collection, Winterthur
colf klootschieten
Bruegel
73Skating before the St. George's Gate
74──
5
5 Skating before the St. George's Gate
Frans Huys after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Skating before the St. George's Gate, Antwerp, c.1558. Engraving, 23.2 x 29.9 cm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
73 Pieter Brueghel the Younger The Census at Bethlehem
K. Ertz, Pieter Brueghel the Younger. (Lingen 1998–2000) pp.284-298, nos.211-225
74 Frans Huys after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Skating before the St. George's Gate, Antwerp, c.1558.
Engraving, 23.2 x 29.9 cm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
1570 Bruegel Pieter van der Heyden c.1551- 1572 」 Bruegel Hans Bol 1534-1593
Hieronymus Cock 1518-1570
」 Bruegel 1565 1568
75」
Bol Bruegel 1565
76
」 Bruegel Spring
77、
Summer
78Autumn
7975 Eddy de Jongh and Ger Luijten, Mirror of everyday life : genreprints in the Netherlands, 1550-1700, (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum 1997): pp58-62.
76
Anthologia Latina
Ilja M. Veldman. (1980), pp.160, noot 41.
77 Pieter van der Heyden after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Spring, 1570. Engraving, 228 x 287 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
78 Pieter van der Heyden after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Summer, 1570. Engraving, 226 x 285 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
79 Pieter van der Heyden after Hans Bol, Autunm, 1570. Engraving, 224 x 285 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
6 Winter
80Bruegel Skaters by St George’s Gate in Antwerp
817
6 Hans Bol Autumn
Pieter van der Heyden after Hans Bol, Autunm, 1570. Engraving, 224 x 285 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
80 Pieter van der Heyden after Hans Bol, Winter, 1570. Engraving, 224 x 285 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
81 Frans Huys after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Skating before the St. George's Gate, Antwerp, c.1558.
Engraving, 23.2 x 29.9 cm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
7 Hans Bol Winter
Pieter van der Heyden after Hans Bol, Winter, 1570. Engraving, 224 x 285 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
Bruegel Hans Bol Hans Bol
、
82Cock
83
Jacob Grimmer c.1525-1590
Abel c.1573-1619
82 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.46
83 Pieter Bruegel the Elder The Adoration of the Magi in the snow 1567
1585 Fall of Antwerp
841630 15
Amsterdam Haarlem Leiden
Gillis van Coninxloo 1544-1607 Hans Bol David Vinckboons 1576-1632
Bruegel Hunters in the Snow
85
Hendrick Avercamp
1605
84
1568 · 1648
80
1584 7 〉
1585 8 ──
85 Bruegel Pieter Bruegel the Younger Jan Bruegel 1568-1625 Lucas van Valckenborch 1535-1597 Abel Grimmer 1570-1620
Karel van Mander
Karel van Mander
861604 Schilder-Boeck Book of painting ’Den Grondt der Edel vry Schilder-const: Waer in haer ghestalt, aerdt ende wesen, de leer-lustighe Jeught in verscheyden Deelen in Rijm-dicht wort voor ghedraghen’ The foundations of the noble, liberal art of painting, in which its form, nature and essence are presented to inquisitive youth in various parts in rhyming verse
8788
’Den Grondt’
Mander
89’Den Grondt’
drawing
painting
90
Mander drawing
《
Mander humanity cosmos
visible creation analogie
86
Bakker, Boudewijn; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England: Ashgate, 2012) p.175
87 ’ Den Grondt’
88 Mander Schilder-Boeck
Mander
89 〈 Mediterranean-humanist Mander
European-Christian Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Diane Webb, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England: Ashgate, 2012) p.179
90 Bakker, Boudewijn; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England: Ashgate, 2012) p.179
91
92
Mander
Mander
imitatio 」
93
Mander
moderation equivalence
94
Mander
Bruegel
Schilder-Boeck Mander
91 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Diane Webb, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt.
(England: Ashgate, 2012) p.176
92
Stoic Bakker, Boudewijn; translated by Webb, Diane, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England : Ashgate, 2012)p.154-159
93 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Diane Webb, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England: Ashgate, 2012) pp.185-186
94 Boudewijn Bakker; translated by Diane Webb, Landscape and religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. (England: Ashgate, 2012) p.185
Hendrick Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp 1585-1634
H.A.
1767/68
Vaderlandsche Letteroefeningen
95Hendrick Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp 1585 1
27 Oude kerk
96
Hendrick Avercamp
Barent Avercamp 1557-1602 Friesland
Nieuwe Zijds Latin School 「 1583
Barent Avercamp Beatrix Peters c.1563-1633 Hendrick
Avercamp
Beatrix Peters Alkmaar
1578
97William of Orange Clavinsm
1573
1581-1795 〈
Barent Avercamp
95 Vaderlandsche Letter Exercises 1761 1876 50 100
96
Granvella
1568
1568-1648 1609 1648
97
17
1586 Barent Hendrick Kampen Barent
Kampen 1596
Barent Beatrix
Barent Kampen
98
Barent
1602 17 Hendrick
Beatrix Hendrick
Avercamp Beatrix
Peter ?-1626 Lambert c.1591-1628 Everhardus c.1594-
before 19 Oct 1649 1615 1619 Gronigen
Meppel Hendrick Avercamp
Femmetje 1624
Hendrick Avercamp 1607 1607
22
Kampen 1613 Avercamp
Kampen
99Hendrick 」 1613 Avercamp
Kampen Beatrix 1634 1
stom en miserable
100
Hendrick Avercamp 5 25 49
Hendrick Avercamp
10119
102
Beatrix 1633
Blankert
98 Albert Blankert, "Hendrick Avercamp": p130.
99 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.43
100 Albert Blankert, "Hendrick Avercamp": p
101 De Stomme van Kampen The Mute of Kampen
102 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009): p11
103
Welcker Avercamp
【
104Bikker
Avercamp De Stomme
Avercamp
105Hendrick Avercamp
Avercamp
1622 Blankert
106
Avercamp
Hendrick Avercamp
107
103 Albert Blankert, "Hendrick Avercamp": p.128
104 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.12
105 Jonathan Bikker, “The Mute of Kampen” in Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009): p.20
106 Albert Blankert, "Hendrick Avercamp": p.129.
107 Albert Blankert, "Hendrick Avercamp": p.128.
Hendrick Avercamp
1 1605-1608
Lucas van Leyden 1489-1533 Jan van Scorel 1495-1562 Maerten van Heemskerck
108
1585
」
Avercamp
1607
Flanders Holland Avercamp
Pieter Isaacsz 1569-1625
109Pieter Isaacsz
Isaacsz Avercamp
Avercamp
Isaacsz
110Isaacsz Gillis van
Coninxloo Coninxloo Mander
Landscape-Maker
111Avercamp
Coninxloo Isaacsz
Avercamp
112Landscape with Classical Ruis 2 4
108 Delft Cornelis Jacobsz van Culemborch
109 Albert Blankert (2005): 129
110 Blankert 」 1626 Isaacsz Een winterge van
de stom Isaacsz Avercamp Albert
Blankert, (2005): p128
111 Jonathan Bikker, “The Mute of Kampen” in Hendrick Avercamp : master of the ice (Amsterdam:
Rijksmuseum, 2009): p13
112 Claes Jansz Visscher after Hensrick Avercamp, Landscape with Classical Ruis, inscribed ‘M.J. [or:
M.F.] Schulptor Henricus de Stom. Inventor. Visscher excudebat 1612’. Etching, 153 x 253 mm,
numbered 2 & 4 1612 Blankert Claes
Jansz Visscher Avercamp Blankert
Avercamp 1605 Albert Blankert (2005):
p131
Paul Bril 1554-1626
Jan Brueghel 1568-1625 Landscape with Classical Ruis
4 5 Williem van Nieulandt
1584-1632
113Gerrit van der
Horst 4 Van der Horst
Winter Landscape with a Castle on the Island 6 Blankert
1605 Avercamp
114Landscape with Classical Ruis 」
repoussoir Landscape with Classical Ruis Winter Landscape with a Castle on the Island
David Vinckboons
115Winter
116Blankert Avercamp
Winter Landscape 7 Winter
Landscape with Birds in the Snow 8 A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle 9
113 Williem van Nieulandt 1604 Albert
Blankert (2005): p.131
114 Albert Blankert (2005): p.133
115 David Vinckboons Mechelen Bruegel
Avercamp
Vinckboons Van de Velde Van de Velde Avercamp
Velde
116 Hessel Gerrits after David Vinckboons, Winter (Scene on the Ice by Zuylen Castle), c.1605.
Etching, 186 x 244 mm, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum. Inv. No. RP-P-OB-52.609.
8
Winter Landscape with a Castle on the Island, Panel.
25 x 34 cm. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow, Signed and dated 1608. Oil on
Panel, 33 x 55.5 cm. Bergen Art Museum, Norway, Billedgalleri.
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c. 1608-9, Oil on Oak, diameter 40.7
cm. London, National Gallery
Vinckboons
117ice-yacht
118Vinckboons Avercamp
119
Avercamp A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle 9 〈
pendants
120」
Hans Bol Winter 1570
121Avercamp
122117 David Vinckboons, Landscape with a Frozen Canal, Skaters and an Ice Yacht, c.1610. Oil on Panel, 52 x 100 cm. Private collection.
118 Vinckboons 1610
Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009) p.37
119 Avercamp Issacsz Sint Antonisbreestraat Vinckboons
Avercamp Vinckboons Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick
Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.37
120 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.41
121 Pieter van der Heyden after Hans Bol, Winter, 1570. Engraving, 224 x 285 mm, Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam. Frans Huys after Pieter Bruegel the Elder,
Skating before the St. George's Gate, Antwerp, 1558. Engraving, 23.2 x 29.9 cm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Mcarroll, Margaret D., Painting and Politics in Northern Europe:
Van Eyck, Bruegel, Rubens, and Their Contemporaries (Penn State University Press, 2008) p.64-87
122 Hans Bol Avercamp Bruegel
Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.41
1605-1608 Avercamp Pieter Bruegel
Winter Landscape 7 Winter Landscape with
Ice Skaters 10
Bruegel Winter Landscape with Ice
Skaters 10
Bruegel ──
1239 Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters Rijksmuseum
Hendrick Avercamp, Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c.
1608 oil on panel, h 77.3cm × w 131.9cm. Rijksmuseum
Frans Huys after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Skating before the St. George's
Gate, Antwerp, c.1558. Engraving, 23.2 x 29.9 cm, The Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York.
Hendrick Avercamp, Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c.
1608 oil on panel, h 77.3cm × w 131.9cm. Rijksmuseum
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Winter landscape with Skaters and Bird Trap.
1565, Panel, 37 x 55.5 cm, Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten, Brussels
123 Bruegel
Avercamp
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow 8 Winter Landscape with Skaters near a Town 15
Avercamp
staffage Avercamp
2 1608/9-1615
Avercamp
dendrochronology
124」 Wolfgang Stechow Eduard
Plietzsch Albert Blankert 。 」
Avercamp
1608 1609 Avercamp
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters Rijksmuseum 10
Winter Landscape with a Peat Boat Geneva 11 Winter Landscape with Skaters Schwerin 12
1608 Avercamp
Avercamp
Avercamp
Avercamp 1605
Winter Landscape with a Castle on the Island Cologne 6 Winter Landscape
Vienna 7 Winter Landscape with Birds in the
124
20
A. E. Douglass
Snow Norway 8 A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle London 9
10 Hendrick Avervamp
Winter Landscape with a Castle on the Island Cologne
Winter Landscape Vienna
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow Norway
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle London
1608-09 Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters
Rijksmuseum 10
Winter Landscape with a Peat Boat
Geneva 11 Winter Landscape with Skaters Schwerin 12 Winter
Scene Portugal 13 Willem Blaeu 1608
125
11 1608-09
Winter Landscape with a Peat Boat
Geneva
Winter Landscape with Skaters
Schwerin
Winter Scene Portugal
Willem Janszoon, Comitatus Hollandia: ‘t Graafschap Hollandt, 1608. Engraving, 500 x 650 mm, The Hague,
National Archives
Avercamp
1609 Winter Landscape with
Skaters Schwerin 12 1610 16
Winter Landscape with Skaters Schwerin Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters Rijksmuseum 10 Winter Landscape with a Peat Boat
Geneva 11
1609
Winter Landscape with Tower 14 Winter Landscape with Skaters near a Town
Saint Louis 15 Winter Landscape
with Tower 14 Winter Landscape with Skaters near a Town Saint Louis 15
Ice-skating in a Village The Hague 16 Winter
Landscape with a Drawbridge Dublin 17
Avercamp
125 Willem Janszoon, Comitatus Hollandia: ‘t Graafschap Hollandt, 1608. Engraving, 500 x 650 mm, The Hague, National Archives, access no. 4.ZHP B4, inv. No.27.
126
Avercamp
Mander
Hieronymus Cock 1559-1561 Master of the
Small Landscapes
127
1600 〈
Winter Landscape with Skaters near a Town Saint Louis 15 Ice-skating in a Village
The Hague 16
Avercamp
1610 Avercamp Winter Scene with Boots on a Gate Otterloo 18 Winter Scene with Two Boats in the Ice Tolendo 19 A Scene on
the Ice near a Town London 20 50x95
」
Avercamp
Frozen River with Skaters Budapest 21 Winter landscape with skates and people playing kolf Genova 22
126 Blankert Vemeer View of Delft
Albert Blankert (2005): p.135 Roelofs Vinkboon
Claes Jansz Visscher Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene, (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2009) p.44
127 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.44
1610-15 Avercamp
Winter Scene with Boots on a Gate Otterloo 18 Winter Scene with Two Boats in the Ice Tolendo 19
A Scene on the Ice
near a Town London 20 Winter Scene
outside the Walls of Kampen 24 Avercamp
3 1615-1625
Winter Landscape with Open Background 33 1620 Avercamp 1609
」 Winter Scene outside the Walls of Kampen 24 Winter Landscape with Open Background 33
Winter Landscape with Open Background 33 Avercamp
Skating Scene with Tents with Flags at the Left 34
Skating Scene with Tents with Flags at the Left 34 Winter Scene on a Frozen Canal Los angeles 37 A scene on the ice Rotterdam
38 Winter Landscape with a Frozen River and Figures Samuel collection
39 Avercamp
Avercamp
Frolicking on a Frozen Canal in a Town
Rijksmuseum 35 Avercamp
Colf Player Houston 40 Avercamp
」 Avercamp
128
1610 Avercamp
A Scene on the Ice Rotterdam 23
Ice-skating in a Village
The Hague 16 A Scene on the Ice Washington DC
41
Avercamp
Avercamp
4
Avercamp
Avercamp 41
Avercamp
Avercamp 1605
Avercamp
Avercamp 1620
128 Albert Blankert (2005): p.136
Hendrick Avercamp
Avercamp
1
Gouda 1490
129
1555
130
Hugo
Grotius 1583-1645
131
129 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): note 37
130 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene:p.59
131 ‘We must not pass over the wooden skaters, which are fitted with thin iron underneath as broad as a finger and as long as the sole of the foot itself. Upon them we usually proceed over the ice at a rate unsurpassed by horses. Who does not marvel at our sagacity.’ Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001) p.22
1570 Bernardino de Mendoça 1540/41-1604
、
……
150
132
de Mendoça
133
ice- fever
Skate-makers 1551
134
132 ‘They also have another manner of proceeding over frozen lakes and canels, namely in clogs, in the form of slippers, which they bind onto their feet with a leather strap along the ankles and over the heel.
This clog rests on a steel band no more than haf an inch wide which curls up at the front like the spurs of Spanish abarcas, or Moorish sandals. Thus shod they glide over the ice, extending their feet evenly, and are so assured in it that the peasant women carry baskets with eggs or other objects on their heads.
They are incredibly swift, particularly if they have the wind at their backs, for then no horse can keep up with them. They are so fast that some say they fly, and a man can with little effort drag a sledge behind him for one or two hours upon which his wife and child are seated together with 150 pounds of butter and as much cheese.’ Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. (Zwolle: Waanders, 2001): p.22
133 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. p.22
134 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. p.23
de Mendoça
Avercamp 12
12
Ice-skating in a Village, c. 1610, The Hague, Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis, inv.
No.785.
peter skates Tsar Peter the Great 1672-1725
1697 Zaandam
135Avercamp 13
13
Winter Landscape, c. 1605.
Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum.
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c.
1608-9, London, National Gallery
A Scene on the Ice, c. 1625.
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Avercamp
Winter Scene outside the Walls of Kampen 24
14
135 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. p.23
14
Winter Landscape, c. 1605. Vienna Kunsthistorisches
Museum.
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c.
1608. Rijksmuseum
Winter Landscape with a Drawbridge,
c.1610-20.
Dublin, National Gallery of Ireland
Ice-skating in a Village, Hendrick Avercamp, c. 1610.
The Hague, Royal Picture Gallery,
Mauritshuis.
Enjoying the Ice, c.
1615-20.
Rijksmuseum, SK- A-3247.
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow, Signed and dated 1608. Bergen Art Museum, Norway,
Billedgalleri.
Winter Landscape with a Castle on the
Island, Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz-
Museum
A Scene on the Ice, c. 1625. National
Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Winter Landscape with a Frozen River and Figures, c.
1620. London, The Corporation of London, Mansion House, Harold
Samuel Collection.
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608
Rijksmuseum
Winter Scene outside the Walls of Kampen, c. 1613- 15. Private Collection
── Avercamp
A Scene on the Ice
Washington DC 41
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters 10
15
15
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608.
Rijksmuseum
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608.
Rijksmuseum
Enjoying the Ice, c. 1615 - 20. Rijksmuseum, SK-A-
3247.
Ice-skating in a Village, c.
1610, The Hague, Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis, inv. No.785.
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London.
A Scene on the Ice, c.
1625. National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608, Rijksmuseum
2
Colf Avercamp
Colf Player Houston 40
〉 〉
Avercamp
16
16
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c. 1608-9, London, National Gallery
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608.
Rijksmuseum
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London
Enjoying the Ice, c. 1615 -20.
Rijksmuseum, SK-A-3247.
Winter Landscape, c. 1610- 20. Edinburgh. National
Gallery of Scotland
Winter Landscape with a Windmill, c. 1610-20.
Private Collection
〉
Winter Landscape, c.1610-20. Hamburg.
Kunsthalle, Kupferstichkabinett, inv. No. 3
A Scene on the Ice, c. 1625, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
〉
Skating Scene, c.1620s.
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
Winter Landscape, c. 1610-20. Edinburgh.
National Gallery of Scotland, inv. No. 647
〉
〉 〉
〉 〉
Avercamp
Bredero Moortje 1617
136
136 ‘that none of these uncouth colf players who strike out thus wildy suffers an accident. If only I had the power I would forbid it, or I would designate a place away from all the other people. I would never for the life recommend it to children.’ Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.61
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle 9 17
17
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c. 1608-9, Oil on Oak, diameter 40.7 cm. London, National Gallery
1700 golf
whipping a top klootschieten
137138
Pieter Bruegel Hunters in the Snow 1565
Avercamp Bruegel
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters 10
18
18
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Hunters in the Snow, 1565. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
Hendrick Avercamp, Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608, Rijksmuseum
137 curling klootschieten
138 Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time: the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. p.26
1
Avercamp
Avercamp 【
19
19
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow, Signed and dated 1608. Bergen
Art Museum, Norway, Billedgalleri.
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c. 1608-9, London, National
Gallery
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-
1615, National Gallery, London.
A scene on the ice , c.1610-1620.
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen,
Rotterdam
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-
1615. National Gallery, London.
Winter Landscape with Skaters near a
Town, c.1610-20.
Saint Louis, Saint Louis Art Museum,
inv. No. 46:1939
Ice-skating in a Village, c. 1610, The Hague, Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis,
inv. No.785.
Frozen River with Skaters, c. 1610-15.
Budapest. Museum of Fine Arts Budapest, inv. No.
1698
2
prikslee
Avercamp 20
20
20
Winter Landscape with a Peat Boat. C. 1608. , 47x73cm. Geneva, Musee
d’Art et d’Historie,
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London.
Ice-skating in a Village, c.
1610 , The Hague, Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis,
inv. No.785.
A Scene on the Ice, c.1620.
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London.
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608, Rijksmuseum
hand-sled Avarcamp
Winter Landscape Brussel 36
21
21
Winter Landscape near a Town, c.
1620. Haarlem, Frans Hals Museum,
Skating Scene, c.1620s.
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts,
Moscow
Winter Scene with Boots on a Gate,
c.1610-15.
Rose-Marie and Eijk van Otterloo
Collection.
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow, Signed and dated 1608. Bergen
Art Museum, Norway,Billedgalleri.
Winter Landscape, c.1620. P.C.W.M. Dreesmann Collection
Avercamp
22
22
Enjoying the Ice, c.
1615 -20, Rijksmuseum, SK-A-
3247.
Winter Landscape with a Drawbridge,
c.1610-20. Dublin, National Gallery of
Ireland
Winter Landscape with Birds in the Snow, Signed and dated 1608. Bergen
Art Museum, Norway,Billedgalleri.
Skating Scene, c.1620s. The Pushkin
State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
Winter Scene with Boots on a Gate, c.1610-15. Rose- Marie and Eijk van Otterloo Collection.
Winter Scene, c.
1610-20. Amsterdam.
P. & N. de Boer Foundation.
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c. 1608-9, London, National
Gallery
Frozen River with Skaters, c. 1610-15.
Budapest. Museum of Fine Arts Budapest,
inv. No. 1698
Avercamp Enjoying the Ice Rijksmuseum 25
A Scene on the Ice near a Town
London 20
23
23
Enjoying the Ice, c. 1615-20, Rijksmuseum, SK-A-3247.
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London.
bakslen
barge
Avercamp
Winter Landscape Brussel 36
Winter Scene
Amsterdam 31 24
24
Winter Landscape, c.1620. P.C.W.M.
Dreesmann Collection
Winter Scene outside the Walls of Kampen, c. 1613-15. Private Collection.
Winter Scene, c.
1610-20.
Amsterdam. P. &
N. de Boer Foundation.
Skating Scene, c.1620s.
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts,
Moscow
Winter Landscape near a Town, c.
1620. Haarlem, Frans Hals Museum,
Frozen River with Skaters, c. 1610-
15. Budapest.
Museum of Fine Arts Budapest, inv.
No. 1698
25 arreslee
139
Jan van de Velde 1618
139 narreslee sleigh of fools fool’s guild
Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. p.23
140
、
25
25
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle, c. 1608-9, London, National Gallery
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London.
Winter Scene on a Frozen Canal, c.1620. Los Angeles
County Museum of Art
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608
Rijksmuseum
A Scene on the Ice, c. 1625.
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Winter Landscape near a Town, c. 1620. Haarlem,
Frans Hals Museum,
1696
de Collière Rijkswijk
】
、
140 Jan van de Velde II, View of the Hofvijver in the Hague (Janueary), 1618. Etching, 275 x 359mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
、
141
A Winter Scene with Skaters near a Castle London 9
Dutch Republic Lion
1306 Duchy
of Brabant
1421579
1665
1665 Avercamp
1608
3
Winter Landscape with a Windmill 27
Winter Scene outside the Walls of
Kampen 24 26
26
Winter Landscape with a Windmill, c. 1610-20. Private Collection.
141 ‘Yesterday I was in The Hague, where I became acquainted with the elegance and courtliness of the Dutch as this time of years. There they ride over the sea in small, open and gilded sleighs, this one in the form of a large bird, that one like a small ship. They come in every shape. The small sleighs are drawn by a single horse bedecked with parti-coloured ribbons and bands and wearing bells. It is controlled by reins of gold and silk by a gentleman who stands on the back of the sleigh. The lady seated within is clad entirely in fur and wears a velvet cap. Some wear plumes like our play actors do.’ Peter van der Ploeg and others, Holland frozen in time : the Dutch winter landscape in the Golden Age. p.25, note48
142 Count of Flanders 142
County of Flanders
Winter Scene outside the Walls of Kampen, c. 1613-15. , Private Collection.
Ice yachts
143
Christoffel van Sichem c.1546-1624
…… 7
1441
27
27
Winter Scene with Two Boats in the Ice, c.1610- 15. Toledo, Ohio, The Toledo Museum of Art.
Winter Landscape near a Town, c. 1620. Haarlem,
Frans Hals Museum,
Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters, c. 1608, Rijksmuseum
143 Haarlem Adriaan Terrier 1600
Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.61 note 110
144 ‘A new invention of the boat that sails across the frozen ice and flat land, loaded with
people…which travels 7 miles in two hours’ Amsterdam, Rijksmusum, inv. No. RP-P-1882-A-6206;
exh. Cat. The Hague 2001, p.25, fig.15 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.61
145
28
28
Winter Landscape with a Peat Boat. C. 1608. Geneva, Musee d’Art et d’Historie, Fondation Lucien Baszanger. Inv. No. Basz. 4
A Scene on the Ice near a Town, c.1610-1615.
National Gallery, London.
Skating Scene, c.1620s.
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts,
Moscow
Winter Landscape near a Town, c.
1620. Haarlem, Frans Hals Museum,
Winter Landscape near a Town, c. 1620. Haarlem,
Frans Hals Museum,
Winter Scene on a Frozen Canal, c.1620. Los Angeles County Museum
of Art
2
146
Avercamp
Zeeland 29
145
Albert Blankert, translated by Diane Webb, ”Dame Winter' by Caesar van Everdingen (1991)”, Selected writings on Dutch painting : Rembrandt, Van Beke, Vermeer, and others.(Zwolle : Waanders, c2004)p.209-226
146 Pieter Roelofs, Hendrick Avercamp: master of the ice scene: p.66
