Parent Questionnaire (For children aged 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months)

(1)

Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technolgy)

Center for Educational Research and Evaluation & Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University

Parent Questionnaire

(For children aged 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months)

Dear parents/ primary caregivers,

Hello! We, the research team of the "Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child

Development and Care" (KIT), are truly grateful that you have agreed to your child's participation in this research project and your assistance in filling out this questionnaire.

The purpose of this questionnaire is to learn more about children's health, their cognitive, language, social emotional, and motor development, as well as their home and childcare

environment, quality, and experiences. Because the items of this questionnaire were designed for children across a range of ages, please do not worry if you find your child unable to do something described by an item of the questionnaire. In order for us to gain a complete and accurate

understanding of your child’s development, please answer these questions with patience and answer all questions if possible. Please note that all personnel involved with this research project will strictly abide by the regulations stated in the non-disclosure agreement. Personal information about our research participants will never be disclosed. Please do not worry.

The research team would like to thank you once again for participating in this important research project and send you our best regards.

Sincerely yours, KIT Research Team

Child No. _______________ Interviewer No. _______________

Date of interview: __________year__________month__________day

2017

New

Edition

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Part A: Basic Information Questionnaire

I. Basic information of parents

1. The birth years of the child’s birth parents:

1.1 Father: (1) yyyy (2) don’t know / not applicable 1.2 Mother: (1) yyyy (2) don’t know / not applicable 2. The education levels of the child’s birth parents:

2.1 Father:

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①Up to elementary school

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②Completed junior high school

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③Completed senior high school (or,

professional school)

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④Junior College

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⑤Completed 4-year university/ two-year college

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⑥Received a master's degree or higher degrees

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⑦Don't know/

not applicable

2.2 Mother

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③Completed senior high school (or

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④Junior College

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⑤Completed 4-year university / two-year college

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⑦Don't know/

not applicable

3. The original nationality of the child’s birth father:

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① Taiwan native (non-indigenous) [please go to item 4]

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② Taiwan native (indigenous) [please go to item 4]

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③ Mainland China [please continue to answer item 3.3 and item 3.4]

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④ Hong Kong or Macao [please continue to answer item 3.3 and item 3.4]

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⑤ Southeast Asia [please continue to answer item 3.1, item 3.3, and item 3.4]

3.1 Nationality:

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①Vietnam

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②Indonesia

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③Malaysia

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④Singapore

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⑤Philippines

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⑥Thailand

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⑦Myanmar

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⑧Cambodia

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⑨Other Southeast Asian country (please specify:_________)

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⑥Other Asian country [please continue to answer item 3.2, item 3.3, and item 3.4]

3.2 Nationality

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①Japan

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②South Korea

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③ Other (please specify:_________)

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⑦Other (please specify:_________) [please continue to answer item 3.3 and item 3.4]

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⑧Don't know / not applicable [please go to item 4]

(3)

3.3 The father of the child has been living in Taiwan for about ____ year(s). [If you checked “native” or

“don’t know / not applicable” under item 3, please skip this item.]

3.4 What are the Chinese listening, speaking, reading, and writing proficiency levels of the child’s father? (Please circle the most accurate answers)

[If you checked “native” or “don’t know / not applicable” under item 3, please skip this item.]

Very poor Poor Fair Good Excellent

3.4.1

Listening 1 2 3 4 5

3.4.2

Speaking 1 2 3 4 5

3.4.3

Reading 1 2 3 4 5

3.4.4

Writing 1 2 3 4 5

4. The original nationality of the child’s birth mother:

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4.1 Nationality

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①Vietnam

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②Indonesia

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③Malaysia

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④Singapore

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⑤Philippines

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⑥Thailand

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⑦Myanmar

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⑧Cambodia

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4.2 Nationality

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①Japan

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②South Korea

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③Other (please specify:_________)

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⑧Don't know / not applicable [please go to item 5]

4.3 The mother of the child has been living in Taiwan for about ____ year(s). [If you checked “native” or

“don’t know / not applicable” under item 4, please skip this item.]

4.4 What are the Chinese listening, speaking, reading, and writing proficiency levels of the child’s mother? (Please circle the most accurate answers)

[If you checked “native” or “don’t know / not applicable” under item 4, please skip this item.]

Very poor Poor Fair Good Excellent

4.4.1

Listening 1 2 3 4 5

4.4.2

Speaking 1 2 3 4 5

(4)

4.4.3

Reading 1 2 3 4 5

4.4.4

Writing 1 2 3 4 5

5. The current marital status of the child’s parents

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①Married

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②Divorced or

separated

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③Cohabiting but not married

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④Not cohabiting and not married

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⑤Spouse deceased

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⑥Other (please specify:____________)

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⑦Don’t know / not

applicable 6. Does the child receive any of the following parenting-related subsidies and/or allowances?

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①None

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②Yes [please continue to answer item 6.1]

6.1 The subsidies and/or allowances received include: [multiple responses are allowed]

(1) City/county childbirth incentive/allowance/subsidy

(2) Nursing allowance for families with unemployed parents / Taipei City nursing allowance (3) Subsidy for child care provided by a nanny (partial child care expense subsidy): with a nanny

who graduated from a child care related department or completed the nanny training courses (4) Subsidy for child care provided by a nanny (partial child care expense subsidy): with a

certified nanny

(5) Free education project for 5-year-olds

(6) Child care subsidy for disadvantaged families

(7) Temporary child care subsidy for disadvantaged families (8) Other (please specify: ____________)

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③Don’t know / not applicable (for those who are not the child’s guardian) 7. Has either one of the child’s parents applied for parenting leave for the child?

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①No

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②Yes (please continue to answer item 7.1)

7.1 The applicant is: (multiple responses are allowed)

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①The child’s father (please continue to answer item 7.1.1) 7.1.1 The paternal parenting leave status:

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①The father has applied for parenting leave in the past and is not currently on leave.

(Please continue to answer item 7.1.1.1)

7.1.1.1 The father’s past parenting leave was ____ month(s) long and began when the child was ____ month(s) old

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②The father is currently on his first parenting leave. (Please continue to answer item 7.1.1.2)

7.1.1.2The father’s first parenting leave is expected to be ____-month(s) long and began when this child was ____ month(s) old.

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③The father has applied for parenting leave in the past and is currently on leave.

(Please continue to answer item 7.1.1.3 and item 7.1.1.4)

(5)

7.1.1.3The previous leave began when the child was _____ month(s) old.The father has already taken a total of ____ month(s) off for parenting leave.

7.1.1.4The current leave began when the child was _____ month(s) old.The father expects to take ____ month(s) off for this parenting leave.

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②The child’s mother (please continue to answer item 7.1.2) 7.1.2 The maternal parenting leave status:

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①The mother has applied for parenting leave in the past and is not currently on leave.

(Please continue to answer item 7.1.2.1)

7.1.2.1The previous maternal leave was ____month(s) long and began when the child was ____ month(s) old

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②The mother is currently on her first parenting leave. (Please continue to answer item 7.1.2.2)

7.1.2.2The leave is expected to be ____ month(s) long and began when the child was ____ month(s) old.

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③The mother has applied for parenting leave before and is currently on leave. (Please continue to answer item 7.1.2.3 and item 7.1.2.4)

7.1.2.3The previous leave began when the child was _____ month(s) old.The mother has already taken a total of ____ month(s) off for parenting leave.

7.1.2.4The current leave began when the child was _____ month(s) old.The mother expects to take ____ month(s) off for this parenting leave.

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③Don’t know / not applicable (for those who are not the child’s guardian) 8. Do the child’s parents smoke?

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① Neither parent does

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② Only the child’s father does

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③ Only the child’s mother does

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④ Both parents do

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⑤ Don’t know / not applicable

9. Do the child’s parents get drunk on a weekly basis?

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① Neither parent does

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② Only the child’s father does

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③ Only the child’s mother does

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④ Both parents do

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⑤ Don’t know / not applicable

10. The employment status of the child’s parents (please check the most appropriate response for the father and the mother respectively based on their current employment status):

10.1 The child’s father

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①Has a full time job (including owning a store or a business)

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②Has a part-time job (e.g., doing work case-by-case at home, doing work by piece rate, doing temporary work, tutoring)

(6)

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③Retired

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④Homemaker (stay-at-home-dad) or taking care of the child full-time

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⑤Is waiting for employment or unemployed (having been looking for a full-time or part-time job but haven’t found one yet)

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⑥Has no plan to work at the moment (not being able to work due to sickness or study or not willing to work)

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⑦Don’t know

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⑧Not applicable (e.g. not married, divorced, or deceased)

10.2 The child’s mother

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③Retired

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⑦Don’t know

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11. The type of the parents’ work (please check the most appropriate response for the father and the mother respectively based on the type of their current work, or, the last job for those who are retired, waiting for employment, or unemployed)

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①An elected representative, administrative supervisor, business supervisor, or manager

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②A high-level professional (e.g., a college professor, doctor, lawyer, or accountant)

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③A general professional (e.g., a general engineer, pharmacist, journalist, nurse, musician, actor, director, or editor)

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④A high school / elementary school / special education / preschool teacher

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⑤A professional technician or assistant (e.g., an electronics / electrical engineering/ chemical engineering/ information technology / other engineering technician, photographer, health

inspector, construction technician or engineer, assistant pharmacist, insurance agent, optometrist, dietician, physical therapist, insurance salesman, financial product salesman, security broker, letting agent, escrow officer, real estate broker, government tax collector, government social worker, radio broadcaster, news anchor, or auctioneer)

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⑥An office worker (e.g., a clerical staff, typist, clerk, bookkeeper, accounting staff, cashier, operator, business secretary, market survey specialist, or travel agent)

(7)

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⑦A service staff or dealer (e.g., a travel service related staff, business man, store salesman, barber, hair dresser, waiter/waitress, fortune teller, temple staff, police officer, fireman, security staff, cook, server, nanny, guard, model, vendor, market salesman, bailiff, detention house / drug abuser treatment center staff, or supplementary education staff)

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⑧An agriculture, forestry, fishery, or animal husbandry employee (e.g., a farming, gardening, animal feeding, agriculture / husbandry management, forestry related, or fishery related employee)

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⑨A technician (e.g., a concrete finisher, carpenter, plumber, construction related technician, baker,

tailor, sheet metal worker, electrical appliance repairman, apparel related worker, painter, butcher, or meat processor)

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⑩An equipment operator or fabricator (e.g., a factory equipment operator, machine assembler, truck driver, chauffeur, printing machine operator, or crane / hoist / similar equipment operator)

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⑪A non-technical employee / laborer (e.g., a street vendor, janitor, deliveryman, car cleaner, cleaner, porter, simple equipment assembler, manual worker, laborer, family servant, or packager)

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⑫A career military officer

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⑬A career military sergeant or soldier

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⑭No job

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⑮Other (please specify ____________)

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⑯Don’t know

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⑰Not applicable (e.g. not married, divorced, or deceased)

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①An elected representative, administrative supervisor, business supervisor, or manager

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②A high-level professional (e.g., a college professor, doctor, lawyer, or accountant)

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③A general professional (e.g., a general engineer, pharmacist, journalist, nurse, musician, actor, director, or editor)

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④A high school / elementary school / special education / preschool teacher

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⑤A professional technician or assistant (e.g., an electronics / electrical engineering/ chemical engineering/ information technology / other engineering technician, photographer, health

inspector, construction technician or engineer, assistant pharmacist, insurance agent, optometrist, dietician, physical therapist, insurance salesman, financial product salesman, security broker, letting agent, escrow officer, real estate broker, government tax collector, government social worker, radio broadcaster, news anchor, or auctioneer)

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⑥An office worker (e.g., a clerical staff, typist, clerk, bookkeeper, accounting staff, cashier, operator, business secretary, market survey specialist, or travel agent)

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⑦A service staff or dealer (e.g., a travel service related staff, business man, store salesman, barber, hair dresser, waiter/waitress, fortune teller, temple staff, police officer, fireman, security staff, cook, server, nanny, guard, model, vendor, market salesman, bailiff, detention house / drug abuser treatment center staff, or supplementary education staff)

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⑧An agriculture, forestry, fishery, or animal husbandry employee (e.g., a farming, gardening, animal feeding, agriculture / husbandry management, forestry related, or fishery related employee)

(8)

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⑨A technician (e.g., a concrete finisher, carpenter, plumber, construction related technician, baker, tailor, sheet metal worker, electrical appliance repairman, apparel related worker, painter, butcher, or meat processor)

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⑩An equipment operator or fabricator (e.g., a factory equipment operator, machine assembler, truck driver, chauffeur, printing machine operator, or crane / hoist / similar equipment operator)

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⑪A non-technical employee / laborer (e.g., a street vendor, janitor, deliveryman, car cleaner, cleaner, porter, simple equipment assembler, manual worker, laborer, family servant, or packager)

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⑫A career military officer

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⑬A career military sergeant or soldier

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⑭No job

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⑮Other (please specify ____________)

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⑯Don’t know

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⑰Not applicable (e.g. not married, divorced, or deceased)

12. How many hours does the child’s father work per week (including overtime)?

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①None

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②Less than 20 hours

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③ 20~39 hours

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④ 40~49 hours

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⑤ 50~59 hours

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⑥ 60~69 hours

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⑦ 70 hours or more

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⑧Don’t know / not applicable 13. How many hours does the child’s mother work per week (including overtime)?

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①None

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②Less than 20 hours

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③ 20~39 hours

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④ 40~49 hours

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⑤ 50~59 hours

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⑥ 60~69 hours

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⑦ 70 hours or more

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⑧Don’t know / not applicable 14. Is the child’s family a two-location family / commuter family (with parents living in two different locations due to work, study, or other factors, and, family members getting together only occasionally)?

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①No

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②Yes

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③Don’t know

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④not applicable

15. When you talk to the child, what language do you usually speak?

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①Mandarin

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②Minnan dialect

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③Hakka

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④An indigenous language

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⑤English

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⑥A Southeast Asian language (e.g., Vietnamese, Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, Thai, Burmese, or

Cambodian)

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⑦Other (please specify ____________)

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⑧Don’t know / not applicable

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①Mandarin

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②Minnan dialect

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③Hakka

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⑤English

(9)

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⑥A Southeast Asian language (e.g., Vietnamese, Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, Thai, Burmese, or Cambodian)

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⑦Other (please specify ____________)

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⑧Don’t know / not applicable

16. In the past 3 months, have the child’s parents felt sad, depressed, melancholic, or unhappy?

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①Never

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②Rarely

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③Sometimes

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④Often

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⑤Don’t know / not applicable 16.2 The child’s

mother

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①Never

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② Rarely

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③Sometimes

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④Often

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⑤Don’t know / not applicable

II. Basic information of child and his/her family

1. Whom does the child live with now? (multiple responses are allowed)

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①The child’s father,

stepfather, or foster father

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②The child’s mother, stepmother, or foster mother

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③The child’s grandfather

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④The child’s grandmother

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⑤The child’s maternal

grandfather

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⑥The child’s maternal grandmother

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⑦The child’s uncle or aunt (father’s older brother or his wife)

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⑧The child’s uncle or aunt (father’s younger brother or his wife)

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⑨The child’s aunt or uncle (father’s sister or her husband)

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⑩The child’s uncle or aunt

(mother’s brother or his wife)

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⑪The child’s aunt or uncle (mother’s sister or her husband)

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⑫The child’s older brother(s) (number of older

brother(s):____)

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⑬The child’s younger

brother(s) (number of younger brother(s):____)

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⑭The child’s older sister(s) (number of older sister(s):____)

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⑮The child’s younger sister(s) (number of younger sister(s):____)

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⑯The child’s older cousin(s) (number of older

cousin(s):____)

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⑰The child’s younger cousin(s) (number of younger cousin(s):____)

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⑱A servant

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⑲The child’s parent’s boyfriend (girlfriend) or cohabitant

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⑳ Other (please specify _____________)

2. Does the child have any brothers or sisters?

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① No

□

②Yes [please continue to answer item 2.1]

2.1 Information about the child’s siblings (in case there are more than 9, please fill in the information of the 9 who are closest in age to the child)

Older brother Younger brother Older sister Younger sister

1. Birth year:________ 1. Birth year:________ 1. Birth year:________ 1. Birth year:________

(10)

3. How old was the child when he/she was entrusted to the care of another person?

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①The child has never been under the care of a person other than their parent(s). [Go to item 6]

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②The child was entrusted to the care of a person other than their parent(s) since he/she was ____

year(s) and ____ month(s) old (calculated from birth)

4. Has the primary caregiver of the child in the daytime (not including the child’s parent(s)) been replaced by another since the child was born? (temporary childcare shall be excluded.)

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①No

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②Yes, so far there has been a total of ____ non-parental caregivers taking care of this child.

5. The current daytime caregiver of this child started looking after the child since the child was ____ year(s) and ____ month(s) old.

5.1 On average, the caregiver looks after the child ____ hours a day, ____ days a week.

5.2 Where is the child when the caregiver is looking after him/her?

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①The child’s home

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②The home of a family or a friend

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③The nanny’s home

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④A childcare center

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^⑤A kindergarten

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⑥Others (please specify: ____________________) 6. Does the child sleep alone in a room?

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①No [please continue to answer item 6.1]

6.1 The child sleeps with: (multiple responses are allowed)

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①The child's father

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②The child's mother

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③The child's grandfather (grandmother)

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④The child's maternal grandfather (grandmother)

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⑤The child's brother or sister

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⑥The child's nanny

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⑦The servant of the child's family

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⑧Other (please specify____________)

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②Yes [please go to item 8]

7. Does the child sleep alone in his/her own bed?

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①No [please continue to answer item 7.1]

7.1 The child shares a bed with: (multiple responses are allowed)

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①The child's father

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②The child's mother

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③The child's grandfather (grandmother)

(11)

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④The child's maternal grandfather (grandmother)

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⑤The child's brother or sister

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⑥The child's nanny

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⑦The servant of the child's family

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⑧Other (please specify____________)

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②Yes

8. The conditions of the language(s) the child is exposed to (please check the most appropriate response based on the language(s) the child is exposed to):

8.1 Which language does the child hear most often in the daytime?

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①Mandarin

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②Minnan dialect

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③Hakka

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⑤English

□

Cambodian)

□

⑦Other (please specify __________________)

8.2 Which language does the child hear most often at night?

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①Mandarin

□

②Minnan dialect

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③Hakka

□

⑤English

□

Cambodian)

□

8.3 Which dialect(s) can the child use? (multiple responses are allowed)

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①The child does not use any dialect. (If this option is checked, no other options shall be checked.)

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②Minnan dialect [please continue to answer item 8.3.1]

8.3.1 Proficiency:

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①The child just began using this dialect.

□

②The child is already using this dialect, but is not very proficiently. Sometimes the child uses it, sometimes the child doesn't.

□

③The child can use this dialect very proficiently.

□

③Hakka [please continue to answer item 8.3.2]

8.3.2 Proficiency

□

④An indigenous language [please continue to answer item 8.3.3]

8.3.3 Proficiency

□

(12)

□

⑤Other (please specify: ______________________) [please continue to answer item 8.3.4]

8.3.4 Proficiency

□

8.4 Which foreign language(s) can the child use? (multiple responses are allowed)

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①The child cannot use any foreign language. (If this option is checked, no other options shall be checked.)

□

②English [please continue to answer item 8.4.1]

8.4.1 Proficiency

□

①The child just began using this language.

□

②The child is already using this language, but is not very proficiently. Sometimes the child uses it, sometimes the child doesn't.

□

③The child can use this language very proficiently.

□

③A Southeast Asian language (e.g., Vietnamese, Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, Thai, Burmese, or Cambodian) [please continue to answer item 8.4.2]

8.4.2 Proficiency

□

④Other (please specify: ______________________) [please continue to answer item 8.4.3]

8.4.3 Proficiency

□

9. Does this child still use a pacifier?

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①Yes

□

②No, not any more. The child has stopped using a pacifier since he/she was ____ year(s) and ___

month(s) old (calculated from birth).

□

③No, the child has never used a pacifier.

10. Is the child still wearing a diaper?

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①Yes, the child wears a diaper all day long.

□

②Yes, the child wears a diaper sometimes (e.g., at night).

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③No, the child has not been wearing a diaper since he/she was ____ year(s) and ___ month(s) old (calculated from birth).

(13)

11. Does this child always carry an object that makes him/her feel safe?

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①No

□

②Yes, but the child stopped carrying it when he/she was ____ year(s) and ___ month(s) old (calculated from birth).

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③Yes, the child still carries it now.

12. What is the approximate total monthly income of the child's family (including salaries, pensions, annuities, rental income, and others) in NT dollars?

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①None

□

②Less than $10,000

□

③

$10,000 ~ less than $20,000

□

④

$20,000 ~ less than $30,000

□

⑤

$30,000 ~ less than $40,000

□

⑥

$40,000 ~ less than $50,000

□

⑦

$50,000 ~ less than $60,000

□

⑧

$60,000 ~ less than $70,000

□

⑨

$70,000 ~ less than $80,000

□

⑩

$80,000 ~ less than $90,000

□

⑪

$90,000 ~ less than $100,000

□

⑫

$100,000 ~ less than $110,000

□

⑬

$110,000 ~ less than $120,000

□

⑭

$120,000 ~ less than $130,000

□

⑮

$130,000 ~ less than $140,000

□

⑯

$140,000 ~ less than $150,000

□

⑰

$150,000 ~ less than $160,000

□

⑱

$160,000 ~ less than $170,000

□

⑲

$170,000 ~ less than $180,000

□

⑳

$180,000 ~ less than $190,000

□

$190,000 ~ less than $200,000

□

$200,000 ~ less than $300,000

□

$300,000 ~ less than $400,000

□

$400,000 ~ less than $500,000

□

$500,000 ~ less than $1,000,000

□

$1,000,000 or more

□

Don't know 13. Are you the child's parent?

□

①No

□

②Yes [please go to [Part B] Questionnaires on Child Development]

(14)

III. Basic information of other primary caregiver (other than parent)

If you are the parent of the child, please skip this part.

1. You were born in yyyy.

2. The education levels of you and your spouse:

2.1 Male

□

④Junior College

□

⑦Don't know/

not applicable

2.2 Female

□

④Junior College

□

⑦Don't know/

not applicable

3. Your original nationality:

□

3.1 Nationality:

□

①Vietnam

□

②Indonesia

□

③Malaysia

□

④Singapore

□

⑤Philippines

□

⑥Thailand

□

⑦Myanmar

□

⑧Cambodia

□

3.2 Nationality

□

①Japan

□

②South Korea

□

③Other (please specify:_________)

□

3.3 You have been living in Taiwan for about ____ year(s). [If you checked “native” or “don’t know / not applicable” under item 3, please skip this item.]

3.4 What are your Chinese listening, speaking, reading, and writing proficiency levels? (Please circle the most accurate answers) [If you checked “native” or “don’t know / not applicable” under item 3, please skip this item.]

(15)

Very poor Poor Fair Good Excellent 3.4.1

Listening 1 2 3 4 5

3.4.2

Speaking 1 2 3 4 5

3.4.3

Reading 1 2 3 4 5

3.4.4

Writing 1 2 3 4 5

4. Your marital status

□

①Married

□

②Divorced or separated

□

③Cohabiting but not married

□

④Not cohabiting and not married

□

⑤Spouse deceased

□

⑥Other (please specify:____________)

□

⑦Don’t know / not

applicable 5. Do you or your spouse smoke?

□

①Neither of us does

□

②Only the male spouse does

□

③Only the female spouse does

□

④Both of us do

6. Do you or your spouse get drunk on a weekly basis?

□

①Neither of us does

□

②Only the male spouse does

□

③Only the female spouse does

□

④Both of us do

7. The employment status of you and your spouse (please check the most appropriate response for you and your spouse respectively based on your current employment status):

7.1The male spouse

□

③Retired

□

⑦Don’t know

□

(16)

7.2The female spouse

□

③Retired

□

⑦Don’t know

□

⑧Not applicable (e.g. not married, divorced, or deceased) 8. You spend _______ hours a week looking after the child.

9. What is the language you speak most often?

□

①Mandarin

□

②Minnan dialect

□

③Hakka

□

⑤English

□

Cambodian)

□

10. Have you taken the 126-hour professional nanny training courses?

□

①No

□

②Yes, but I did not finish the courses.

□

③Yes, I have finished all 126 hours but I don’t have a certificate.

□

④Yes, I have finished all 126 hours and I have a certificate.

11. In the past 3 months, have you or your spouse felt sad, depressed, melancholic, or unhappy?

16.1 The male spouse

□

①Never

□

②Rarely

□

③Sometimes

□

④Often

□

⑤Don’t know / not applicable 16.2 The female

spouse

□

①Never

□

② Rarely

□

③Sometimes

□

④Often

□

⑤Don’t know / not applicable

(17)

Part B: Questionnaires on Child Development

I. Cognitive Development Questionnaire

For each item, please select the most appropriate option based on this child’s regular performances.

The following four-point scale is used for each of the questions. It reflects the degree to which a child has acquired and demonstrated the targeted skills and behaviors.

1 = Not yet. Child has not yet demonstrated skill or behavior.

2 = Beginning. Child is just beginning to demonstrate skill or behavior but does so very inconsistently.

3 = Intermediate. Child demonstrates skill or behavior with increasing regularity and average competence but is not completely proficient.

4 = Proficient. Child demonstrates skill or behavior competently and consistently.

No. Item Not yet Beginning Intermediate Proficient

1 The child knows that by touching a toy, he/she can

make a sound with it or move it. 1 2 3 4

2 The child identifies his/her father/mother among

a crowd of people. 1 2 3 4

3

The child knows the association between visual and auditory information of a toy. For example, when you imitate a barking dog, the child can look at or point to a dog or an image of a dog.

1 2 3 4

4

The child repeats an action because he/she did it and found it interesting. For example, when the child suddenly realizes that he/she can make an interesting sound by sucking on a pacifier, he/she then repeats this action.

1 2 3 4

5

After showing the child an attractive toy and then hiding the toy under a cover, the child removes the cover and finds the toy.

1 2 3 4

6

After hiding a toy in front of the child, the child looks for that toy in the last place where he/she saw that toy.

1 2 3 4

7 When a toy is out of sight, the child looks for it in

several possible places. 1 2 3 4

8

The child makes pretend play, for example, he/she pretends to drink water from a cup or to talk to someone on a cell phone / phone.

1 2 3 4

(18)

9

The child imitates an adult’s behavior after a certain period of time delay, such as reading, doodling on a piece of paper, or trying to turn on the TV with a remote control.

1 2 3 4

10

The child understands some gestures commonly used by adults, such as “waving”, which means

“goodbye”.

1 2 3 4

11

In order to reach something (e.g., a toy), the child pushes over or away obstacles in between, or tries to get it by using another means.

1 2 3 4

12 The child gazes at things or someone moving

slowly. 1 2 3 4

13

When the child is playing with something (e.g., a toy), he/she stops playing if you tell him/her to do something else.

1 2 3 4

14

The child plays role-playing games. For

example, the child pretends to cook, or pretends that he/she is a doctor.

1 2 3 4

15 Without any help, the child speaks out his/her

age accurately on his/her own. 1 2 3 4

16 When the child is asked about his/her gender, the

child answers correctly. 1 2 3 4

17 The child speaks out correctly two different color

names. 1 2 3 4

18 The child knows what a round shape is. 1 2 3 4

19 The child speaks out correctly the name of

his/her mother or father. 1 2 3 4

20 The child knows which book(s) he/she has read

or someone has read to him/her before. 1 2 3 4

21 When being asked, the child puts the toy or used

object back to where it is usually placed. 1 2 3 4

22

In a public place, when you ask the child to lower his/her voice, he/she follows the

instruction immediately and stays that way for at least several minutes.

1 2 3 4

23

At home, when you say “no”, the child stops running or jumping immediately and stays that way for at least several minutes.

1 2 3 4

(19)

II. Language Development Questionnaire

There are 4 options under each item.

1 = “Not yet”, meaning this child hasn’t shown the ability described by the item.

2 = “Beginning”, meaning this child has just shown the ability described by the item.

3 = “Intermediate”, meaning this child is already showing the ability described by the item but hasn’t mastered it yet (this child sometimes can show the ability and sometimes can’t).

4 = “Proficient”, meaning this child can master the ability described by the item.

No. Item Not yet Beginning Intermediate Proficient

1 The child can utter sounds such as “ba”, “ma”, or

“da”. 1 2 3 4

2

The child can imitate a sound uttered by an adult or the mouth shape of the adult when uttering that sound.

1 2 3 4

3 The child can point at an object that he/she wants

to get. 1 2 3 4

4 The child can express his/her needs by nodding or

shaking his/her head. 1 2 3 4

5

The child can identify different sounds from his/her living environment (e.g., bird chirping or the sound of a car)

1 2 3 4

6 The child can understand a simple oral instruction

and follow that instruction (e.g., “Clap”). 1 2 3 4

7

The child can understand two or more oral instructions and follow them in the right order (e.g., “Clap first and then touch the head”).

1 2 3 4

8

The child can speak out the names of objects in his/her living environment (e.g., “a ball” or “a cup”).

1 2 3 4

9

The child can speak out words that are used to describe a person, an event, or a thing in his/her daily life (e.g., “cold water” or “beautiful aunt”).

1 2 3 4

10

The child can answer questions like “what is this?”

(e.g., When the child is asked “what is this stuff?”, he/she can answer “a banana”; when the child is asked “what is this place?”, he/she can answer “a school”).

1 2 3 4

(20)

III. Social Emotion Development Questionnaires

No. Item Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always

1

The child easily notices objects around him/her, including objects that are not of bright colors.

1 2 3 4 5

2

When the child has a chance to choose among different activities, he/she makes a quick decision and does the activity right away.

1 2 3 4 5

11

When the child talks to someone he/she is familiar with (e.g., his/her parent or teacher), he/she can initiate a topic .

1 2 3 4

12

When the child can’t understand what a person says or can’t hear him/her clearly, the child can actively ask this person to clarify (e.g., “What did you just say?” or “Can you say that again?”).

1 2 3 4

13

The child knows the meanings of signs, images, and symbols which are commonly seen in his/her daily life (e.g., traffic lights or the sign of a convenient store).

1 2 3 4

14

When the child turns over a page of a book, the direction of the book is correct (e.g., the book is not placed upside down).

1 2 3 4

15

The child knows that the title and the name of the author/illustrator of a picture book are on the cover of that book.

1 2 3 4

The purpose of this scale is to explore the child’s expressions of emotions and interactions with people.

For each item, please select the most appropriate option based on the child’s current actual conditions according to your daily observations.

There are 5 options under each item.

1 = “Never”, meaning the child has never behaved as described by the item.

2 = “Rarely”, meaning the child has behaved as described by the item once or twice.

3 = “Sometimes”, meaning the child sometimes behaves as described by the item and sometimes doesn’t.

4 = “Often”, meaning the child often behaves as described by the item.

5 = “Always”, meaning the child always behaves as described by the item.

(21)

3

When a new activity is introduced to the child, he/she participates in the activity immediately.

1 2 3 4 5

4 In a gathering among familiar people, the

child likes to play with various individuals. 1 2 3 4 5 5 After being reminded by an adult, the child

waits patiently for what he/she wants. 1 2 3 4 5

6

When someone tells the child to stop a specific behavior, he/she stops that behavior immediately.

1 2 3 4 5

7

After being reminded by an adult, the child pays attention to his/her personal safety or adapts his/her behavior to accommodate the surrounding area (e.g., when the child is brought to a store selling breakable goods, he/she walks with extra care).

1 2 3 4 5

8

The child stays involved or engaged with his/her favorite toys or activities for a long period of time.

1 2 3 4 5

9

The child cries when he/she is not able to get my attention (e.g., when he/she expects me to keep him/her company, or to respond to his/her question).

1 2 3 4 5

10

The child gets angry if I don’t respond to him/her when he/she wants my hug or to play with me.

1 2 3 4 5

11 The child gets angry or loses his/her temper

easily. 1 2 3 4 5

12 The child gets shy when meeting unfamiliar

adults. 1 2 3 4 5

13 The child feels ashamed when he/she does

something wrong. 1 2 3 4 5

14

The child turns around to look for me or locates my whereabouts when I am not near him/her.

1 2 3 4 5

(22)

15

When I tell the child “it’s ok”, he/she

approaches the objects which originally scare

him/her. 1 2 3 4 5

16 When I come home, the child shows his/her

joy immediately by smiling or greeting me. 1 2 3 4 5

17

When I am in a bad mood, the child becomes quiet, comforts me, or asks me why I feel sad.

1 2 3 4 5

18

In a new surrounding, the child does not cry even when I am not around as long as there is someone he/she knows by his/her side.

1 2 3 4 5

19 When the child sees me, he/she turns his/her

head away or looks away from me. 1 2 3 4 5

20

When I take the child to a place unfamiliar to him/her, he/she looks around or plays on his/her own without paying attention to me.

1 2 3 4 5

21 When meeting strangers, the child appears

nervous even I am right beside him/her. 1 2 3 4 5

22

The child is very clingy, he/she rarely approaches nearby toys or other children, even when I am accompanying him/her.

1 2 3 4 5

23

When I take the child to a place unfamiliar to him/her, he/she holds me tightly or follows me closely.

1 2 3 4 5

24 The child becomes quiet when he/she notices

my angry expression. 1 2 3 4 5

25 When the child sees someone trips or falls,

he/she knows that person is in pain. 1 2 3 4 5

26

When the child receives something he/she likes, he/she shows happy or excited expressions.

1 2 3 4 5

27

When the child’s favorite object (e.g., a pacifier or toy) is taken away, he/she expresses his/her anger or protest through crying or physical gestures.

1 2 3 4 5

(23)

28

The child appears fearful and anxious (e.g., crying or hiding behind his/her parent) when he/she sees a doctor/nurse with a needle preparing for his/her immunization injection.

1 2 3 4 5

29

The child checks my facial expression to decide whether he/she should approach an unfamiliar toy or person.

1 2 3 4 5

30

While encountering strangers or new environment, the child uses my facial expression as a cue to decide how he/she should behave.

1 2 3 4 5

31

The child tries multiple ways to make me help him/her get what he/she wants (e.g., by making noises, dragging me to get an object, or communicating using simple words).

1 2 3 4 5

32

The child imitates simple actions that adults do in the daily life (e.g., imitating he/she is making a phone call, or imitating he/she is driving a car).

1 2 3 4 5

33

The child shows his/her interest or preference to others using his/her voices, words,

gestures, or movements (e.g., he/she points to a car and looks at his/her mother with a smile).

1 2 3 4 5

34

When the child participates in an activity or discussion, he/she expresses his/her own views or opinions without being prompted.

1 2 3 4 5

35 The child tells others his/her feelings without

being prompted. 1 2 3 4 5

36

The child plays house or other pretend games with adults or peers (e.g., pretending to be a mother who is cooking, or, pretending to be a patient).

1 2 3 4 5

37 The child likes to share his/her toys with

other adults or children. 1 2 3 4 5

38

The child shares his/her things (e.g., toys or

stationery) with other children. 1 2 3 4 5

(24)

39

When I ask the child to give me what is in his/her hand, he/she would do as I told him/her.

1 2 3 4 5

40

When the child is being requested to stop playing a specific game, he/she obeys and stops playing the game.

1 2 3 4 5

IV . Physical Motor Development Questionnaire

The following four-point scale is used for each of the questions. It reflects the degree to which a child has acquired and demonstrated the targeted skills and behaviors.

1 = “Not yet”, meaning the child hasn’t shown the ability described by the item.

2 = “Beginning”, meaning the child just began to show the ability described by the item (the child can do it occasionally but not very skillfully).

3 = “Intermediate”, meaning the child already shows the ability described by the item but hasn’t mastered it.

4 = “Proficient”, meaning the child can do the thing masterly or fully possesses the ability described by the item.

No. Item Image Not yet Beginning Intermediate Proficient

1

The child can grab his/her toes in a supine position.

1 2 3 4

2

The child can raise his/her head with forearm support in a prone position.

1 2 3 4

3

The child can kick his/her feet in a supine position.

1 2 3 4

(25)

4

The child can raise his/her head when being pulled up from a supine position to a sitting position.

1 2 3 4

5

The child can roll by themselves (e.g., from supine to a prone position or from prone to a supine position).

1 2 3 4

6

The child can lift his/her chest with hands support in a prone position.

1 2 3 4

7

The child can sit steadily without support.

1 2 3 4

8 The child can

crawl forward. 1 2 3 4

9

The child can stand steadily without support

independently.

1 2 3 4

10

The child can roll a ball with others face-to-face in a sitting position.

1 2 3 4

(26)

11

The child can walk independently without support.

1 2 3 4

12

The child can stand up from a sitting position without support.

1 2 3 4

13

The child can throw a ball overarm using one arm.

1 2 3 4

14

The child can run steadily for a distance without falling.

1 2 3 4

15

The child can move his/her body with rhythm when standing.

1 2 3 4

16

The child can jump in place with two legs

simultaneously.

1 2 3 4

17

The child can slide down a slide in a sitting position on his/her own.

1 2 3 4

18

The child can climb up stairs without support.

1 2 3 4

(27)

19

The child can kick a ball (Can kick a ball away from him/her in a

standing position).

1 2 3 4

20

The child can walk down stairs without support.

1 2 3 4

21

When lying in a supine position, the child can track moving people or objects with his/her eyes.

1 2 3 4

22

The child can grasp an object and then release it from

his/her hand. ..

1 2 3 4

23

The child can extend his/her forearm to reach and grasp a small object (e.g., a small bell) in front of him/her.

1 2 3 4

24

The child can grasp and shake a rattle with his/her hand.

1 2 3 4

25

The child can grasp a small piece of food (e.g., a raisin or a tiny cookie) using whole palm.

1 2 3 4

(28)

26

The child can hold a small object in each hand simultaneously.

1 2 3 4

27

The child can transfer an object from one hand to another hand.

1 2 3 4

28

The child can pinch a small piece of food (e.g., a raisin or a tiny cookie) using the pad of his/her thumb and index finger.

1 2 3 4

29

The child can hit something with a stick or other objects (e.g., beating a drum).

1 2 3 4

30

The child can pinch a thin and long object (e.g., a piece of thread or hair) using the tips of his/her thumb and index finger.

1 2 3 4

31

The child can turn thick

cardboard pages of a storybook page by page.

1 2 3 4

32 The child can hold

a cup to drink. 1 2 3 4

(29)

33 The child can

scribble with a pen. 1 2 3 4

34 The child can draw

a vertical line. 1 2 3 4

35 The child can eat

with a spoon. 1 2 3 4

36 The child can take

off his/her socks. 1 2 3 4

37

The child can turn thin pages of a storybook page by page.

1 2 3 4

38

The child can stack four or more cubic objects (e.g., building blocks or mahjong tiles).

1 2 3 4

39

The child can gesture the number

“1” using his/her index finger.

1 2 3 4

40

The child can gesture the number

“2” using his/her index finger and middle finger.

1 2 3 4

(30)

41 The child can eat

with a fork. 1 2 3 4

42 The child can draw

a circle. 1 2 3 4

43

The child can take off a buttonless shirt (e.g., a t- shirt) .

1 2 3 4

44

The child can unbutton small buttons on his/her clothes.

1 2 3 4

(31)

Part C: Family Questionnaire

I. Learning Environment

For each item, please select the most appropriate option based on your actual conditions within the past 3 months.

1 = “Rarely”, meaning never or less than once a week.

2 = “Sometimes”, meaning once or twice a week.

3 = “Often”, meaning three or four times a week.

4 = “Very often”, meaning five to seven times a week.

No. Item Rarely Sometimes Often Very

often

1 I take the child to visit families and friends or invite

families and friends to visit our home. 1 2 3 4

2 I take the child to visit or play outside (e.g., parks,

markets, or public squares). 1 2 3 4

3 I take the child to the bookstore or the library. 1 2 3 4

4 I let the child play with objects which he/she can press

down, grab, push, or pull (e.g., a ball or a baby walker). 1 2 3 4 5 I let the child play with plush pillows, stuffed animals, or

playset toys. 1 2 3 4

6

I let the child play with objects which help him/her develop hand-eye coordination (e.g., a cup stacking set, a puzzle, or a set of soft building blocks).

1 2 3 4

7 I let the child play with objects which help him/her learn

colors, shapes, sizes, or numbers. 1 2 3 4

8

I let the child play with objects which require fine motor skills (e.g., building blocks, play dough, clay, a string of beads, painting tools, snow-flake puzzles, or puzzles).

1 2 3 4

9 I participate in activities suitable for children with the

child (e.g. a parent-child joint activity). 1 2 3 4

10 I teach the child names of various objects. 1 2 3 4

11 I teach the child to say "please", "thank you", and "sorry". 1 2 3 4 12 I teach the child learn spatial relationships (e.g., up and

down, left and right, or front and back). 1 2 3 4

13 I help the child learn numbers. 1 2 3 4

14 I help the child learn Chinese characters. 1 2 3 4

15 I help the child learn Mandarin phonetic symbols. 1 2 3 4

(32)

No. Item Rarely Sometimes Often Very often

16 I play or sing nursery rhymes to the child. 1 2 3 4

17 I play audio-books to the child. 1 2 3 4

18 I use appropriate speed and tone when I speak to the

child. 1 2 3 4

19

When speaking to the child, I elaborate his/her response by using additional words and encourage him/her to say more.

1 2 3 4

20

I talk to the child about things and events that have happened in the past (e.g., when we went outside to play, or, the first time he/she put on his/her clothes by

himself/herself).

1 2 3 4

21 Whenever the child makes a sound or speaks aloud, I

respond with words. 1 2 3 4

22 I kiss or hug the child. 1 2 3 4

23 I talk to the child even when I am doing chores or work. 1 2 3 4

24 I scold the child if he/she is not obedient. 1 2 3 4

25

When necessary, I discipline the child by limiting his/her actions (e.g., making him/her stand still or forbidding him/her to play with toys).

1 2 3 4

26 When the child is out of control, I hit him/her. 1 2 3 4

27 I keep the child’s living and playing environment clean

and tidy. 1 2 3 4

28 I look at the child while I feed him/her. 1 2 3 4

29 I let the child watch TV/computer or play on a device

while I feed him/her. 1 2 3 4

30 I hold the child when I breastfeed/bottle-feed him/her. 1 2 3 4

For each item below, please select the most appropriate option based on your actual conditions within the past 3 months.

31. Number of books at home that are suitable for the child to read (including books purchased, given, and borrowed):

□

① 0-30

□

② 31-60

□

③ 61-90

□

④ 91-120

□

⑤ 121-150

□

⑥ 151-180

□

⑦More than 180

32. On average, how many times a week do you read a book to the child?

□

①

None, I haven’t started. [Please go to item 34]

□

②

Less than once a week

□

③

1 to 3 times a week

□

④

4 to 6 times a week

□

⑤

7 to 9 times a week

□

⑥

10 to 12 times a week

□

⑦

Over 13 times a week