Atacama Compact Array (ACA): 12m×4 + 7m×12 East-Asian (EA: JP+TW+KR) contribution
Main Array: 12m×50
North-American (NA: US+CA +TW) + European (EU) contribution
ALMA = Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
Largest array telescope ever built. Inaugurated on 2013-03-13
=>TW has open access to EA and NA times by proposals!!
ALMA Array Operation Site-5000m
One of the Driest places
Remote Observing
Operation Support Facillity (OSF, 2900m)
Birdview of ALMA
ALMA vs. Hubble Space Telescope
NIR-Optical-UV
Radio
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Credit ALMA
~ 200 billion stars, and our Sun is one of them!!
Stars like our Sun form and die anytime, anywhere!! How and Why?
Habitable Exoplanets?? Extraterrestrial Lifes? Origin of Lifes?
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Harvey Resources
Most stars seem to have planetary systems, like our solar system.
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ESO Copyright Conditions
Proxima Centauri b exoplanet Habitable? Not clear yet.
Proxima Centauri
Alpha Centauri Binary
Orion Constellation
Credit: W.-H. Wang
Tobin et al.
100 pc
Tahani et al. 2019
M42
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Magnetic Braking Catastrohe (MBC) Collapse of Magnetized Rotating Core
(B-axis // J-axis, Ideal MHD, field frozen in material)
Allen et al. 2003
No rotating disk formed inside Flattened EnvelopeèMagnetic Braking Catastrohe (MBC)
Extended Infalling envelope Hour-glass B-field morphology
Flattened Envelope (Pseudodisk)
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Hirano et al. 2006 Wiseman et al. 2001 Optical image by
Patrick Hochleitner
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core
NH3 Core is rotating (r ~ 0.05 pc)
Lee et al 2009
Rotating Disk found!
rD ~15 au è M★ ~ 0.08 M¤ Gravitational
collapsing+Rotating C18O Envelope
(Pseudodisk) r ~ 400 au
Cont + C18O SO Disk Wind
J-axis
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Matthews et al. 2009
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50000 au
B J-axis
Rotating Core
Matthews et al. 2009
B-field in inner region (pseudodisk) from ALMA dust polarization at 230/345 GHz
1. Misalignment betw core & pseudodisk & disk 2. Field guided infall forming Pseudodisk!
3. Pseudodisk has a pinched field morphology due to gravitational infall mainly along equatorial plane and a toroidal field produced by rotation!
Bϕ ~ 7.8 mG at r ~ 100 au 4. Disk field?? Unresolved!
B
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DRA N H2 N A OU in HH 211
Lee et al 2018b, Nature Comm.
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VLT image at 0.34 resolution McCaughrean et al. 2002
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Lee et al. 2017a, Science Advances
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Orion Constellation
HH 111 @ 0.5 Myrs, M★ ~ 1.5 Ms
32000au (~0.5 light-year)
B-axis // J-axis è MB?
(1) Extended Perpendicular to the jet (2) Rotating-collapsing inner core (3) Mass ~ 0.3 Ms
(4) Infall rate ~ 4.3e-6 Ms yr
Gaseous Envelope in C
18O J=2-1 (Lee 2010, 2011)
Keplerian rotating disk rD ~160au!!
è M★ ~ 1.5 Msun è Age ~ 0.5 Myr old
7200 AU
(1) Extended Perpendicular to the jet (2) Rotating-collapsing inner core (3) Mass ~ 0.3 Ms
(4) Infall rate ~ 4.3e-6 Ms yr
Gaseous Envelope in C
18O J=2-1 (Lee 2010, 2011)
7200 AU
Lost of angular momentum at 2000 AU (5”) results in a small disk. Magnetic Braking (MB)?
(Lee 2010, 2016)
Lee et al. 2020, Nature Astronomy First spiral arms detected in active accretion phase
because of ALMA unprecedented resolution!!!
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Tomida et al. 2017 Spirals Repeatedly Formed by Gravitational Instability
sustained by envelope accretion
Gravitational Torque can transport angular momentum outwards.
è Material can accrete and fall inwards.
è Solution to the long-standing angular momentum problem in disk accretion.
Formation Process of a Solar System like our own
1. Infall guided by magnetic field, forming flattened envelope 2. Keplerian disk formed in flattened env. feeding protostar 3. Magnetic braking may reduce the disk size, if J // B-axis
4. Jet magnetized, launched from the innermost edge of disk.
5. GI induces spiral arms transporting L inside Keplerian disk.
Disk Wind carrying away L from the disk? MRI turbulence?
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Protoplanetary Disk
32 AU
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ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
ALMA (ESO/
NAOJ/
NRAO)Andrews et al.; N. Lira
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¤S. Andrews (CfA), B. Saxton (NRAO) ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) 22 au gap
Protoplanetary disk
1 au gap
PDS 70
ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), ESA/Hubble and NASA/Andrea Isella et al
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Image Credit: Harvey Resources
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Keplerian Rotation è M★ ~ 0.25 Msun
Disk Atmosphere in Complex Organic Molecules
More COMs found in Disk Atmosphere
Lee et al. 2019a
The abundance ratios of these molecules are also similar to those in Comet Lovejoy è Carried over to the protoplanetary disk??
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Catherine Walsh ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
Herbst & van Dishoeck 2009
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è Amino acids è Aliens ?
Complex Organic Molecules (COMs)
