社區環境教育發展基礎探討-苗栗塭內社區的案例分析

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢ౛ᏢଣӦ౛ᕉნၗྍࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎ

Graduate Institute of Geography College of Science

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

ޗ୔ᕉნ௲ػว৖୷ᘵ௖૸.भਪ༦ϣޗ୔ޑਢٯϩ݋

The Development of Community Environmental

Education Program: A Case Study of Wennei Community

ֆۡዠ Tai-Chin Wu

ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺጰറЎ റγ Advisor: Bor-Wen Tsai, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 103 ԃ 7 Д

July, 2014

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ᖴᜏ!

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! ! ԜጇፕЎޑֹԋሡाགᖴ೚ӭΓޑᔅԆǴӣ२ࣴزᆶቪբය໔Ǵ

ৣߏޑ௲ᏤǵৎΓޑЍ࡭ǵܻ϶ޑႴᓰǴω٬ፕЎ׳ᑪֹ๓Ƕ!

! ! २ӃགᖴךޑࡰᏤ௲௤ˇጰറЎԴৣǴவፕЎᚒҞޑวགྷǵჴሞ

๱ЋࣴزډനಖኗቪঅׯǴၸำύ΋ӆᔠຎ᏾ᡏࢎᄬᆶᡄᒠǴ؂؂ᆶ Դৣ૸ፕ೿ૈᕇ੻ؼӭǴவԴৣي΢࣮ډ଺ࣴزᔈԖޑᝄᙣᆶಒጏǹ ନΑፐ཰΢ޑࡰᏤǴΨᖴᖴԴৣВதޑᜢᚶǴᆶԴৣ໕၉ৎதਔ׳ૈ

གڙډԴৣޑޕ᛽సറᆶـှᐱ੝ǴவԴৣي΢ନΑᏢಞ଺ࣴزǴΨ ᏢډࣁΓೀШϐၰǶ!

ӆޣǴᖴᖴα၂ہ঩΍ד୲ԴৣǴவ྽߃຾Ε༦ϣޗ୔൩ම๏ϒό ϿڐշǴα၂ਔ๏ϒޑࡌ᝼ᆶࡰᏤΨзךޑፕЎᡄᒠࢎᄬ׳ᖿᝄᙣǹ ᖴᖴα၂ہ঩᝵లীԴৣόս๏ϒεໆࡌ᝼ǴкჴךፕЎᜢܭޗ୔૸

ፕޑుࡋǶ!

ᖴᖴ᛿ᗶϘԴৣޑፕЎቪբፐำǴჹךӧኗቪፕЎޑၸำύሥԖ௴

วǹᖴᖴ೾ΏЎԴৣමჹךޑࣴز᝼ᚒ๏ϒཀـᆶගᒬǹᖴᖴ݅ߪӄ Դৣӧ஑ᚒ૸ፕਔ๏ϒޑཀـᆶႴᓰǶ!

! ! ԜѦǴᖴᖴ༦ϣޗ୔ᡣךୖᆶځύǴ߃Εޗ୔ਔόխᦷᦶǴགᖴ ഋᕴ༸٣ޑ዗௃ڐշᆶೀೀྣ៝ǴᡣךࡐזӦ፾ᔈӧ༦ϣޑғࢲǴယ

੤ߏ฻ӚՏᕉნ௲ػှᇥΓ঩ჹޗ୔ᕉნޑ዗ངǵкᅈ٬ڮགޑᆒઓ

ుзךག୏Ǵғࢲӧ༦ϣޑ೭ࢤਔ໔Ꮲಞ೚ӭǴΨԋࣁךΓғᜤבޑ

΋ࢤऍӳ࿶ᡍǶ!

! ! നࡕǴߚதགᖴৎΓ΋ޔаٰޑЍ࡭ᆶх৒Ǵ؂྽གډ਋שคշ ਔǴР҆ࢂךനಖޑᆒઓЍࢊǹᖴᖴ᐀ѳ΋ၡޑӺៈᆶ࣬ՔǴགᖴϐ

௃ሎ૶ܭЈǶ!

! ! ᖴᖴӕืӳ϶ॳ㜑ǵᝊችǵ࿧উǵࠔണǵ܃ዅǵࡌඵޑᔅԆᆶ࣬

ϕႴᓰǹᖴᖴ 619 ࣴز࠻ӚՏᏢߏۆޑᔅշᆶྣ៝ǹᖴᖴ๮᷇ǵϐ൛ǵ ηඁǵ؊ዅǵ☰ࣔǵལྼǵ෷ߜǵᯜᑉǵ࿰൛ǵϬϬǵߪ൏ǵЈᵙ฻

ӳܻ϶ම࿶๏ϒޑЍ࡭ᆶႴᓰǶ!

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ᄔ ᄔा!

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ך୯Ծ 80 ԃжаٰ௢୏ޗ୔ᕉნ௲ػаٰǴ೸ၸޗ୔ᔼ೷ᆶୖᆶᕉნׯ೷ी

ฝǴޗ୔҇౲ޑᕉߥཀ᛽ς೴؁׎ԋǶԾ҇୯ 100 ԃ҅ԄࡼՉᕉნ௲ػݤаࡕǴ

೚ӭޗ୔ᑈཱུೕჄ೛ीᕉნ௲ػᡏᡍࢲ୏Ǵᑈཱུݾڗԋࣁᓬ፦ޑȨᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ

൑܌ȩǴޗ୔فՅவᕉნ௲ػޑᏢಞޣ೴؁ᙯᡂࣁ௲ػޣǶฅԶӧҙፎᇡ᛾ၸำ ύǴ೚ӭޗ୔ᗨԖᙦ൤ޑޗ୔ᔼ೷ԋ݀ᆶ࿶ᡍǴࠅधܭஒځᙯϯࣁ೛࿼ᕉნ௲ػ

൑ୱ܌ሡाનǴӢԜҁЎஒ௖૸ޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػว৖ޑ୷ᘵᆶԖᜢाનǴ٠а Ԯࠄ༦ϣޗ୔բࣁࣴزঁਢǶ༦ϣޗ୔Ǵςᑈಕᙦ൤ޑޗ୔ᔼ೷ᆶᕉნׯ೷ԋ݀Ǵ ٠ӭԛբࣁभਪᑜᕉნ௲ػדπ୻૽ޑҢጄᗺǴ౜ϞҭԖཀҙፎᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑

܌ᇡ᛾Ǵёբࣁޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ޑᐕำࣴزჹຝǴᙖԜΑှǴޗ୔ӵ Ֆஒၸѐୖᆶޗ୔ᔼ೷ᆶᕉნߥػޑ࿶ᡍᆶԋ݀ᙯϯࣁ௢୏ᕉნ௲ػ܌ሡޑ࣬ᜢ ӢનǶҁЎբޣჴሞୖᆶ၀ޗ୔ҙፎᕉნ௲ػ൑ୱޑᇡ᛾ीฝǴ٠ၮҔ PPGIS ڐ շೕჄ಄ӝӧӦ੝Յޑᕉნ௲ػፐำǴ೸ၸޗ୔ҙፎᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ᇡ᛾ᆶว

৖ޑፐำೕჄၸำύǴΑှ၀ޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػว৖ޑ୷ᘵᆶ࣬ᜢाનǶࣴز่

݀ࡰрǴ༦ϣޗ୔Ӄ߻ԋфޑޗ୔ᔼ೷࿶ᡍǴߦ٬ޗ୔ว৖рԋዕޑᆅ౛ૈΚǴ

ૈԖਏ୏঩ୖᆶޣǴ٠ᙖҗҙፎࡹ۬ीฝံշǴ೴؁ֹԋޗ୔ᕉნၗྍፓࢗᆶ୷ ᘵฯᡏ೛ࡼǶӧԜၸำύǴӦБۚ҇ҭஒჹޗ୔ၗྍޑᇡ᛽ᙯϯࣁӦБᇡӕགǴ ԶӦБᇡӕགӆ຾΋؁ᙯϯࣁᕉნߥៈཀ᛽Ǵࡌᄬрޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌

ޑ୷ᘵǶനࡕǴӧ༦ϣޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ޑ࣬ᜢाનύǺΓǵ೛ࡼᆶᔼ ၮᆅ౛Ǵ൚୷ܭޗ୔ᔼ೷࿶ᡍǴ٠ӧว৖ڐ཮ޑமΚၮբϐΠǴ࣬ϕڐፓၮբǴ ԋࣁҙፎᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ޑᜢᗖाનǴࣁ҂ٰԋфҙፎᇡ᛾൚Π୷ҡǶ

!

ᜢᗖຒǺޗ୔ᕉნ௲ػǵᕉნ௲ػፐำБਢǵϦ౲ୖᆶӦ౛ၗૻس಍ǵ༦ϣޗ୔

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Abstract

Since the 1980s there are a vast number of people are equipped with environmental consciousness through joining the Comprehensive Community Development and the Environmental Reforms of Community. With the execution of policy of the Environmental Education Act since 2011, there are more and more communities engaged. Community are transforming their role as a learner of environmental education into an educator. Community is a group of people living in the same place and having a particular characteristic in common. These people are, moreover, familiar with local cultural resources. Thus, community is the ideal unit for participatory environmental education, which emphasis bottom-up and environment-regarding activities. Although a great number of communities have abundant outcomes of executing community empowerment, there a few communities are able to transform their achievements into the base of applying for the environmental education facility and field. To explore this question, this thesis analyzes the basic factors of community in developing environmental education facility and field. Wennei community has sufficient experiences of conducting comprehensive community developments and environmental reforms. Wennei also has a well-developed community association and plays as a representative role of conducting environmental education activities. This research, therefore, takes Wennei community as a developing sample to implement a case study.

To get close to this community and figure out the mechanism of running the community association, the author joins the association and applies these public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) for helping this community draft the environmental education program with local resources. The outcomes point out three key bases of paving the way to obtain the certification of environmental education facility and field. Firstly, the Wennei Community Development Association plays a powerful role of leading and integrating local resources. Secondly, the community takes the prior experiences of comprehensive community development as base for establishing environmental education facility and field. Lastly, the joiners of community empowerment build the strong connection and motivation for refining the local environment. This community is, therefore, able to be more competitive in constructing a successful environmental education facility and field, thorough integrating all necessary factors: human resources, infrastructure and management.

Keywords: community environmental education, environmental education program, public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), Wennei Community

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Ҟ ᒵ

ᖴᜏ………...药 ύЎᄔा……….……...荰 मЎᄔा………...荱 Ҟᒵ………...荲 კҞᒵ………...荴 ߄Ҟᒵ………...荵

ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ………...1

ಃ΋࿯! ࣴزङඳᆶ୏ᐒ………....1

ಃΒ࿯! ࣴزҞޑ………...4

ಃΟ࿯! ࣴز୔ཷݩ………...5

ಃΒക Ў᝘ӣ៝………...6

ಃ΋࿯! ᕉნ௲ػว৖ӣ៝………...6

ಃΒ࿯! ޗ୔ୖᆶ………...14

ಃΟ࿯! ޗ୔ୖᆶᕉნ௲ػ...17

ಃѤ࿯! Ϧ౲ୖᆶӦ౛ၗૻس಍...20

ಃΟക! ࣴزБݤ……….…23

ಃ΋࿯! ࣴزࢎᄬ………...………...23

ಃΒ࿯! ࣴزࢬำᆶБݤ………...….24

ಃѤക! ༦ϣޗ୔ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ೕჄ……….28

ಃ΋࿯! ೕჄᕉნ௲ػፐำБਢ………...….…29

ಃΒ࿯! ޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ޑ୷ᘵ...…47

ಃΟ࿯! ว৖ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ޑ࣬ᜢाન……...……...65

ಃϖക! ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼……….73

ಃ΋࿯! ่ፕ………...….…...……….73

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ಃ΋࿯! ࡌ᝼………...….…...……….75

ୖୖԵЎ᝘……….……….…...…76

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კ

კҞᒵ

კ 1-1! भਪᑜԮࠄᙼෝ❵ٚՏ࿼კ...5

კ 2-1! ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ᄬԋाનკ...11

კ 2-2! ૈΚࡌᄬཷۺკ...19

კ 3-1! ࣴزࢎᄬკ...23

კ 3-2! ࣴزࢬำკ...24

კ 4-1 ༦ϣޗ୔ጄൎǵၗྍᗺᆶࢲ୏኱૶...37

კ 4-2 ԋ݀კቫᕴ༼...37

კ 4-3 ፐำБਢЬᚒǵӜᆀᆶӦᗺ኱Ң...43

კ 4-4! ޗ୔ӦඳҢཀკ...48

კ 4-5! ቺയ৐ᆶΟమ৐Ȩ΋ቴٿ৐ȩ...48

კ 4-6! ᔭੇٛ॥݅...50

კ 4-7! ৔ࢬྎύआᐋ݅ඳᇮ...51

კ 4-8 भਪᑜڱ֣กϯቷ...52

კ 4-9! வᔸӦᇻ౶กϯቷ...52

კ 4-10 ༦ϣၭ׸໺಍ᑄ೷ࡂ...52

კ 4-11 ໺಍Οӝଣࡌᑐ...52

კ 4-12 ޗ୔ඳᗺӦკ...53

კ 4-13 ༦ϣޗ୔ว৖ᕉნ௲ػ೛ࡼ൑܌ϐाનკ………...66

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߄

߄Ҟᒵ

߄ 3-1! ೖፋჹຝ΋ំ߄...26

߄ 4-1! πբ֝ୖᆶΓ঩Ϸϣ৒...34

߄ 4-2! Ԯࠄआᐋ݅ߥៈ୔ᕉნ௲ػፐำБਢ...39

߄ 4-3! ᠰᠰआᐋ݅ɡԮࠄआᐋ݅ߥៈ୔ᕉნ௲ػፐำБਢ...40

߄ 4-4! ༦ϣޗ୔ᐕԃ୺Չीฝ...55

1

䫔

䫔ᶨ䪈ġ 䵺婾

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ 䞼䨞側㘗冯≽㨇

ġ ġ 䑘⠫ᾅ嬟㗗役ᶨᾳᶾ䲨ẍἮᶾ䓴㊩临斄㲐䘬嬘柴炻侴㔁做ⷠ㗗㘖⍲䑘⠫ᾅ做 䘬慵天㍒㕥ˤㆹ⚳㕤㮹⚳ 99 ⸜忂忶䑘⠫㔁做㱽炻᷎㕤㮹⚳ 100 ⸜ 6 㚰 5 㖍攳⥳㕥 埴炻ㆸ䁢两伶⚳ˣ⶜大ˣ㖍㛔ˣ⋿杻ˣ厚⼳屻⼴炻ᶾ䓴䫔ℕᾳ忂忶䑘⠫㔁做㱽䘬

⚳⭞炻㚜䁢㓧⹄ˣ⬠㟉ˣ㮹攻冯ẩ㤕㍐≽䑘⠫㔁做㍸ὃ㚜Ἓ≑≃ˤ

ġ ġ 䑘⠫㔁做㱽䘬⮎埴炻ᷣ天⛐Ὣ忚Ṣ栆䣦㚫冯䑘⠫䘬ὅ⬀斄Ὢ炻➡梲䑘⠫℔㮹 ẍ忼⇘㯠临䘤⯽ˤ䑘⠫㔁做昌Ḯ䞍嬀䘬⁛㑕ᷳ⢾炻㚜叿慵嬻㮹䛦⛐奨⾝ᶲ㚱㇨㓡 嬲炻忚侴㓡嬲埴䁢ˣッ嬟䑘⠫ˤ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨㔜⎰⮰㤕Ṣ≃ˣ婚䦳㕡㟰冯㔁

⬠姕⁁炻䓐ẍ㍸ὃ䑘⠫㔁做⯽䣢䘬䨢攻炻䁢⮎嶸䑘⠫㔁做䘬㟠⽫ˤ晐叿䑘⠫㔁做 㱽䘬忂忶炻㓧⹄䁢溻⊝㮹攻⮎㕥䑘⠫㔁做橼槿㳣≽炻溻⊝䘤⯽⃒岒䘬ˬ䑘⠫㔁做 姕㕥⟜㇨˭炻憅⮵ℐ⚳⎬⛘℟㚱䈡刚ᷳ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⍲屯㸸炻庼⮶姕伖ㆸ䁢䑘⠫㔁 做姕㕥⟜㇨炻᷎≈ẍ娵嫱ˣ姽揹⍲䭉䎮炻徸㬍⺢䩳⍲㍸ὃ⬴㔜䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕㚵⊁ˣ 屯妲冯屯㸸炻㔜⎰䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ≃ˣ⮰㤕婚䦳㕡㟰冯怑䔞䘬䑘⠫屯㸸冯姕㕥炻 㔜橼䘤㎖℞傥慷炻ㆸ䁢⃒岒䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨炻㍸ὃ䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕㚵⊁䴎䫔ᶨ 䶂䘬栏⭊炻⤪⬠㟉⬠䓇ˣᶨ凔䣦㚫㮹䛦炻ẍ忼ㆸ㔁做ˣ䞼䨞ˣᾅ做ˣ㔯⊾ˣ忲ㅑ

ᷳ⣂≇傥䚖㧁䘬䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕㨇㥳炷␐₺炻2011炸ˤ

ġ ġ 䚖⇵忂忶娵嫱䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨炻昌Ḯ㖊㚱䘬䑘⠫㔁做/⬠佺ᷕ⽫ˣ℟㍐⺋

䑘⠫㯠临冯冒䃞ᾅ做䚖㧁䘬⌂䈑棐⍲䣦㔁⟜棐ˣ⚳⭞℔⚺䫱炻ẍ⍲䚖⇵㮹攻䴻䆇 䘬彚⟜ˣ䈏⟜炻攟㛇㍐≽䓇ンᾅ做ㆾ䑘⠫㔁做䘬䣦⋨䳬䷼Ṏ䳃䳃⍾⼿娵嫱炻䓙㕤 姙⣂䣦⋨忶⍣⌛㊩临惵⎰㓧⹄䚠斄䑘ᾅ㓧䫾炻⚈㬌㚱䚠䔞⣂䘬䣦⋨⶚℟㚱⣂⸜䑘

⠫㓡忈䴻槿冯ㆸ㝄炻ἳ⤪ㆹ⚳埴㓧昊䑘⠫ᾅ嬟会㊩临㍐≽ẍ䣦⋨䁢╖ỵ䘬䑘⠫㓡 忈䚠斄妰䔓炻⤪䓇㳣䑘⠫㓡忈妰䔓ˣ䑘ᾅ䣦⋨䣢䭬妰䔓ˣ䣦⋨䑘⠫㓡忈妰䔓ˣ䑘 ᾅ⮷⬠➪ˣỶ䡛䣦⋨䫱䫱ˤ冒㮹⚳81⸜崟㍐≽䣦⋨䑘⠫㓡忈妰䔓ẍἮ炻䴻忶⣂⸜

2

≒≃炻䣦⋨㮹䛦䑘ᾅシ嬀⶚徸㬍⼊ㆸ炻᷎冒98⸜⹎攳⥳彎䎮ˬ䑘ᾅ⮷⬠➪˭㍐⺋

妰䔓炻䑘ᾅ会Ṏ㛇㛃啱䓙⃒列䘬䑘ᾅ㧉䭬䣦⋨炻⮯℞㍸⋯䁢䑘⠫㔁做䘬⟜㇨炻㶙

⊾䑘⠫㔁做ⶍἄˤ䚖⇵炻ᶵ婾ᷕ⣖ㆾ⛘㕡㓧⹄炻⮵㕤䣦⋨㍐≽䑘⠫㔁做䘬ⶍἄ⛯

ᶵ怢检≃炻栗䣢䣦⋨䁢㈖㺼㍐≽䑘⠫㔁做慵天䘬奺刚ᷳᶨ炷埴㓧昊䑘ᾅ会炻2013炸ˤ ῤ⼿㲐シ䘬㗗炻忶⍣斄㕤䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做䘬㍊妶⮵尉炻ᷣ天ẍ䣦⋨⯭㮹䁢ᷣ炻

℞䞼䨞慵溆⛐㕤⒒ṃ⚈䳈⎗ẍ⼙枧炻᷎忚侴ㆸ≇㓡嬲䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬䑘⠫シ嬀ˤ侴⛐

䎦Ṳ䑘⠫㔁做㱽忂忶ẍ⼴炻䣦⋨䘬奺刚炻ㄊㄊ⽆䑘⠫㔁做䘬⬠佺侭炻ㄊㄊ廱嬲䁢 䑘⠫㔁做ⶍἄ侭炻⚈㬌䣦⋨⤪ỽ廱⊾忶⍣䑘⠫㓡忈䘬㚱斄䴻槿冯ㆸ㝄炻ㆸ≇䇕⍾

䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬➢䢶炻忚侴㘖⍲ㆹ⚳䑘⠫㔁做炻䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬ᷣ天䘤⓷㇨

⛐ˤ

䣦⋨ἄ䁢⛐⛘⯭㮹䘬䓇㳣䨢攻炻㗗⮎嶸䓙ᶳ侴ᶲˣ⻟婧⛘㕡⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做䘬 䳽Ἓ╖ỵ炷⹾ὲ㜦炻2006炸ˤ䚖⇵姙⣂䣦⋨䳬䷼悥农≃䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵 嫱炷⻝⫸夳ˣ昛⫸⥿炻2012炸炻ᶨᾳ⃒列䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨天傥㚱㓰忳ἄ炻䈥 㴱⇘䛦⣂朊⎹ˤἳ⤪炻䣦⋨䘬䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ≃炻昌Ḯ䔞⛘㖊㚱䘬䑘⠫㔁做ⶍἄ 侭⢾炻⛘㕡⤪ỽ➡妻↢⮰㤕Ṣ≃炻㗗䣦⋨㍸ὃ䑘⠫㔁做䘬椾天⓷柴烊婚䦳㕡㟰㗗

➢䢶ᶼ㚨⮎晃䘬悐↮炻ḇ㗗姙⣂䣦⋨⛐䓛婳娵嫱㗪⭡㖻怕忯⚘暋ᷳ嗽炷昛⬇⹟炻 2012炸烊夷∫䑘⠫㔁做㕡㟰䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻䘮枰慸㶭䣦⋨㛔幓䘬䨢攻䭬⚵冯䑘⠫屯㸸ˤ 䎮゛䉨㱩ㅱ㗗䓙䣦⋨冒ᷣ≽⒉炻䳸⎰⛐⛘䘬䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ⒉炻㈦↢⛘㕡屯㸸ẍ

➟埴䈡刚夷∫䑘⠫㔁做㕡㟰炻᷎Ὣ忚䣦⋨㮹䛦⍫冯⍲䣦⋨➡≃炷empower炸ˤ㚨⼴

⇯㗗䣦⋨⤪ỽ㯠临䴻䆇䭉䎮娚姕㕥⟜㇨ˤ⚈㬌㛔㔯⮯㍊妶䣦⋨⛐䆇忈䑘⠫㔁做姕 㕥⟜㇨䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻℞℟橼㇨暨天䳈䁢ỽ烎忁ṃ天䳈⤪ỽ⤈➢㕤⃰⇵䣦忈䘬䴻槿冯 ㆸ㝄ẍ㚱㓰忳ἄ烎ˤ

ġ ġ 埴㓧昊㔯⊾⺢姕⥼⒉㚫炷㔯⊾⯨⇵幓炸㕤 1994 ⸜㍸↢ˬ䣦⋨䷥橼䆇忈㓧䫾˭炻

⤈⭂ᶵ⮹䣦⋨䘤⯽冒ᷣ䘬≃慷炻䃞侴忶⍣䣦⋨䷥橼䆇忈⣂䁢㓧⹄䓙ᶲ侴ᶳᷣ⮶炷⹾

⬠婈炻2009炸炻役⸜Ἦ⇯ⶴ㛃䣦⋨䆇忈㗗䓙⛘㕡冒ᷣˣ䓙ᶳ侴ᶲ䘤⯽㍐≽炻⻟婧⛘

3

㕡冒ᷣ⿏冯⛐⛘➡≃炷⹾⬠婈炻2009烊Brown and Weber, 2013炸炻⚈㬌炻⤪ỽ忼⇘

⛘㕡➡≃Ṏ㗗㛔㔯㇨斄㲐ᷳ嬘柴烊⛐㍊妶⚳ℏ⢾䘤⯽⛘㕡➡≃䘬㔯䌣ᷕ炻℔䛦⍫

冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙炷PPGIS炸㗗䣦忈䴻槿冯冒䃞屯㸸ᾅ做䴻䆇ᷕ慵天䘬ⶍ℟炷哉⌂㔯ˣ 挦㖶⃱炻2009烊忋伶㘢炻2008烊Brown and Weber, 2013炸炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞ㅱ䓐 PPGIS Ὣ忚䣦⋨➡≃ˣ㍸㖯䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬ㆸ㝄ˤ

ġ ġ ỵ㕤剿㞿䷋䪡⋿捖䘬⠕ℏ䣦⋨㑩㚱寸⭴䘬䓇ン屯㸸炻㬌⛘䁢䍵屜䘬㕗㮷䳓㔹 圞ᷳ㢚〗⛘炻㚜㗗⎘䀋䎦㚱ᾅ⬀㚨⣏朊䧵ᷳ㴟Ⱡ旚桐㜿炻⎴㗪㕤旚桐㜿ℏ悐炻姕 㚱ℐ⎘㚱䘬䳓㔹圞䓇ン妋婒㔁⭌炻娎⚾╂崟⮵䳓㔹圞䓇ンᾅ做䘬慵夾炻᷎墄㢵 旚桐㜿ᷳ㝗Ὰ㜿㛐炻㊩临䵕㊩䳓㔹圞ᷳ㢚〗⛘ˤ㬌⢾炻⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫夷㧉⬴

㔜炻᷎㕤役ℕ⸜Ἦ㊩临冯㓧⹄㨇斄⎰ἄ炻⎴㗪叿ㇳ⣂枭䘤⯽妰䔓炻⊭㊔埴㓧昊彚

⥼㚫㜿⊁⯨䘬䣦⋨㜿㤕妰䔓ˣ埴㓧昊彚⥼㚫㯜ᾅ⯨䘬彚㛹ℵ䓇妰䔓ˣ埴㓧昊⊆⥼

㚫䘬⣂⃫⯙㤕攳䘤㕡㟰ˣ埴㓧昊䑘ᾅ会䘬Ỷ䡛䣦⋨妰䔓䫱ˤ䣦⋨姕㚱⮶奥妋婒䎕炻 昌Ḯ⛐⍫姒⛀昲ˣ忲⭊Ἦ姒㗪屈屔䓇ン⮶奥妋婒ᷳ⢾炻⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉Ṏ攟㛇奨⮇

䚋㷔旚桐㜿ℏ䘬㕗㮷䳓㔹圞㢚⛘䑘⠫冯ᷕ㷗㹒⎋⊿Ⱡᷳ䪡⋿䲭㧡㜿ᾅ嬟⋨炻攟㛇

㍐≽䑘⠫䓇ンᾅ做ⶍἄˤ㬌⢾炻⠕ℏ䣦⋨Ṏ⣂㫉塓怠䁢剿㞿䷋䑘⠫㔁做⽿ⶍ➡妻

ᷕ⽫冯䑘⠫㔁做妋婒䘬䣢䭬溆ˤ䚖⇵⠕ℏ䣦⋨㚱シ㒜⣏⃰⇵忚埴䑘⠫ᾅ做䘬ㆸ㝄炻 䧵㤝䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱ˤ㛔䞼䨞ᷳ㇨ẍ㊹怠⠕ℏ䣦⋨ἄ䁢ᾳ㟰䞼䨞⮵尉炻 昌Ḯ⠕ℏ䣦⋨⛐䣦⋨䷥橼䆇忈冯䴻䆇䑘⠫㔁做℟㚱寸䡑ㆸ㝄⢾炻⠕ℏ䣦⋨⎗ἄ䁢 ᶨᾳ䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘬䘤⯽ᷕᾳ㟰䞼䨞⮵尉炻⚈㬌䫮侭德忶⮎晃⍫冯

⠕ℏ䣦⋨䯴⁁䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬忶䦳炻ㅱ䓐℔䛦⍫冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙 炷PPGIS炸㕤䣦⋨炻⋼≑䣦⋨䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做⟜㇨姕㕥娵嫱㇨暨忼⇘䘬⎬枭ḳ⊁炻↮

㜸⠕ℏ䣦⋨䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬㚱斄⚈䳈冯℞忳ἄˤ

4

䫔

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ 䞼䨞䚖䘬

忶⍣⮵㕤䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做䘬䞼䨞慵溆炻⛐㕤⤪ỽ㓡嬲䣦⋨⯭㮹冯䑘⠫ᷳ攻䘬斄 Ὢ炻℞傥⡆忚⯭㮹ᷳ䑘⠫シ嬀炻句⮎⛘㕡冒ᷣ䑘⠫ⶍἄˤ侴⛐䑘⠫㔁做㱽忂忶ẍ

⼴炻䣦⋨䘬奺刚⽆䑘⠫㔁做䘬⬠佺侭廱嬲䁢䑘⠫㔁做ⶍἄ侭炻䣦⋨⤪ỽㆸ䁢⥍怑 䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨炻忚侴㘖⍲ㆹ⚳䑘⠫㔁做炻䁢㛔䞼䨞ᷳᷣ天䘤⓷炻⚈㬌㛔㔯

ᷳ䞼䨞䚖䁢烉

ᶨˣ㍊妶⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘬➢䢶

ġ ġ 德忶⮎晃⍫冯⠕ℏ䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫炻㍊妶⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做 䘬➢䢶䁢ỽ烎侴忁ṃ➢䢶⍰⤪ỽ塓廱⊾䁢䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘬傥慷烎

Ḵˣ↮㜸⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘬䚠斄天䳈

㍊妶⠕ℏ䣦⋨⛐㖊㚱㡅ẞᷳᶳ炻⤪ỽ➡妻䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ≃炻啱䓙℔䛦⍫冯

㈦↢⛐⛘䈡刚屯㸸炻夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻᷎傥㚱㓰䴻䆇䭉䎮炻啱㬌↮㜸⠕ℏ 䣦⋨䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬㚱斄天䳈ˤ

5

䫔

䫔ᶱ䭨ġ 䞼䨞⋨㤪㱩

⠕ℏ䣦⋨ỵ㕤剿㞿䷋䪡⋿捖ᷳ⋿䶋㷗⡀慴ℏ炷⚾ 1-1炸炻㗗ᶨᾳỵ㕤ᷕ㷗㹒↢

㴟⎋䘬⮷悱㛹炻⌣㗗㷗⡀慴ᷕ夷㧉㚨⣏䘬䣦⋨ˤ䣦⋨ỵ嗽ᷕ㷗㹒↢㴟⎋䘬⊿“炻 㜙冐⽟䄏㧳炻䳈㚱䪡⋿Ⱉ㴟䶂Ṍ忂天忻ᷳ䧙炻大㍍Ḵ檀䪡⋿Ṍ㳩忻ˣ大㾙⾓忇忻 嶗⍲⎘䀋㴟ⲥ炷ᶩ⽿➭ˣ昛䍇㖕炻2012炸ˤ⠕ℏ䣦⋨䭬⚵ℏ䃉悥ⶪ妰䔓⋨炻䷥朊䧵 䲬㚱 170 ℔枫ˤ⠕ℏ䣦⋨㑩㚱寸⭴䘬䓇ン屯㸸炻⤪䳓㔹圞ˣ㕗⺷㧡嚁冯䲭㧡㜿䫱 䫱ˤ㬌⢾⠕ℏ䣦⋨䵲惘ᶨ㔜䇯⬴㔜ˣ㛒怕㯜㲍⊾冯㰉㝻䘬㴟Ⱡ炻㤝℟䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁 做⟜➇ᷳ㼃≃ˤ

⚾ 1-1ġ 剿㞿䷋䪡⋿捖㷗⡀慴ỵ伖⚾

⚾䇯Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒丒炻ᾖ㓡冒⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫

6

䫔

䫔Ḵ䪈ġ 㔯䌣⚆栏

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ 䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽⚆栏

ᶨˣ⚳晃䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽⚆栏

ġ ġ 䑘⠫㔁做䘬崟㸸冯䘤⯽炻䵲㈋叿⚳晃䑘ᾅ䘬⿅㼖␴埴≽ˤ1948 ⸜⛐㱽⚳⶜湶 冱彎䘬 IUCN炷the International Union for Conservation of Nature炻⚳晃冒䃞ᾅ嬟倗 䚇炸㚫嬘ᷕ㚨㖑ἧ䓐Ḯ”environmental education”ᶨ娆炻㗗䑘⠫㔁做椾㫉塓㍸↢妶婾ˤ 1970 ⸜㗗䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽⎚ᶲ慵天䘬ᶨ⸜炻⚳晃䑘⠫⬠㟉婚䦳ⶍἄ㚫嬘㕤伶⚳ℏ厗 忼ⶆ⎔攳炻⮵䑘⠫㔁做 ↢⭂佑炻㚫ᷕ⮵㕤⎬䳂⬠㟉䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳䭬䔯㚱⃭↮

䘬妶婾炻⇞⭂⬠㟉䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖㧁炻᷎娛↿⎬昶㭝ℏ⭡炻䁢⼴Ἦ䘬䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽

⤈ᶳ列⤥➢䢶ˤ⎴⸜炻倗⎰⚳ㆸ䩳䑘⠫㔁做夷∫会炻伶⚳忂忶䑘⠫㔁做㱽㟰炻䁢 ᶾ䓴⎬⚳⮯䑘⠫㔁做䩳㱽ᷳ椾ἳˤ1972 ⸜䘬倗⎰⚳Ṣ栆䑘⠫㚫嬘(UN Conference on the Human Environment,1972)䘤堐ˬṢ栆䑘⠫⭋妨˭炻ὫἧṢ栆㲐シ䑘⠫⓷柴炻

┇⥳ḮṢ栆冯冒䃞䑘⠫列⿏Ḻ≽䘬㕘䲨⃫ˤ㍍叿⛐ 1983 ⸜ㆸ䩳ˬᶾ䓴䑘⠫冯䘤⯽

⥼⒉㚫˭(World Commission on Environment and Development, WCED)炻斄↯䑘⠫ᾅ 嬟冯䴻㾇䘤⯽ℑᾳ嬘柴炻⮯尉⽝䑘ᾅ䘬ℏ㵝䓙⮵冒䃞䑘⠫䘬斄㆟炻㒜⃭⇘⮵Ṣ栆 䓇⬀冯䘤⯽䘬斄㆟ˤ忁ᾳ⥼⒉㚫⛐ 1987 ⸜䘤ⶫḮˬㆹᾹℙ⎴䘬㛒Ἦ˭(Our Common Future)⭋妨炻␤䰚ℐ䎫⮵冒䃞䑘⠫冯⻙⊊㕷佌䘬娵⎴冯斄㆟ˤ1992 ⸜倗⎰⚳⎔攳

⛘䎫檀Ⲙ㚫(Earth Summit)炻㚜忂忶Ḯ冱ᶾ䞂䚖䘬ˬḴ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨嬘䦳˭(Agenda 21)炻

㈲㯠临䘤⯽䘬䎮⾝夷∫䁢℟橼䘬埴≽㕡㟰炻⻟婧⮵㛒Ἦᶾẋ䘬斄㆟冯⮵冒䃞䑘⠫

屯㸸㚱旸⿏䘬娵䞍炻⍲⮵⻙⊊㕷佌䘬㈞≑炷㔁做悐⚳㮹⍲⬠⇵㔁做会炻2008炸ˤ ġ ġ 濥 ⎰ ⚳ 㔁 䥹 㔯 䳬 ䷼ 炷 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization炻䯉䧙 UNESCO炸冯濥⎰⚳䑘⠫夷∫会炷United Nations Environment Programme炻䯉䧙 UNEP炸忂濘⎰ἄ炻⺢灅⚳晃䑘⠫㔁做夷∫会炷EEEP炸炻⇞⭂⚳

晃䑘⠫㔁做妰䔓炷International Environmental Education Program炸烊濥⎰⚳㔁䥹㔯䳬

7

䷼⛐⚳晃攻忚灖䑘⠫㔁做䞼妶㚫炻⛐⋿㕗潳⣓椾灴居䇦㟤澠㚫嬘炷1975炸ᷕ㍸↢

䘬居䇦㟤澠ㅚ䪈炷Belgrade Charter炸⮵㕤䑘⠫㔁做䘬㛔岒ˣ䚖㧁炻冯㊯⮶⍇⇯炷guiding principles炸⛯㚱㖶䡢㰢嬘炻ἄ䁢⎬⚳㍐灖䑘⠫㔁做䘬㸾⇯炻㍸䣢䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖䘬

⤪ᶳ烉

ġ ġ ˬ䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖䘬炻⛐㕤➡梲ᶾ䓴ᶲ㭷ᶨᾳṢ灴傥㲐シ⇘䑘⠫⍲㚱斄䘬⓷柴炻 ἧṢ傥⣈斄⽫䑘⠫炻ḇ傥朊⮵䑘⠫⓷柴㚱妋㰢䘬傥濘炻⮵㕤㛒潻⎗傥䘤䓇䘬䑘⠫

⓷柴炻ḇ傥≈ẍ旚䭬ˤ䁢㬌炻⮵㕤ᶾ䓴ᶲ䘬㭷ᶨᾳṢㆾ⛀橼炻暨天㌰Ḱ⽭天䘬䑘

⠫䞍灊ˣ㈨傥ˣン灏冯⮎嶸傥濘炻ẍ㛇⮵㕤䑘⠫⓷柴䘬嗽瀲冯旚䭬炻䌚⼿怑䔞䘬

⮵ㅱ䫾濄ˤ˭

ġ ġ 䯉妨ᷳ炻䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖䘬⯙㗗天㔁⮶⚳㮹䑘⠫䞍灊㤪濱炻➡梲⚳㮹ッ嬟䑘⠫

䘬シ栀冯ン灏炻᷎㚱⮎嶸傥濘炻ẍ妋㰢䑘⠫⓷柴␴旚䭬䑘⠫⓷柴炻ẍ忼⇘䵕嬟Ṣ 瀞䓇⬀䑘⠫㯠临䘤⯽䘬䚖䘬ˤ䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽䚖㧁炻⛐㕤Ṣ瀞朊⮵冯嗽瀲䑘⠫嬘柴 㗪炻傥㍉⍾怑䔞䘬䑘⠫㰢䫾冯灖≽炻ẍℤ栏䓇ンˣ䴻㾇␴䣦㚫䘬㯠临䘤⯽ˤ

Ḵ

Ḵˣ⎘䀋䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽⚆栏

ġ ġ ㆹ⚳䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽㕤 1982 ⸜徸㻠厴剥᷎㍐埴炻1987 ⸜ 8 㚰ㆸ䩳ˬ埴㓧昊䑘⠫

ᾅ嬟会˭攳⥳䧵㤝㍐≽⚳ℏ䑘⠫㔁做炻晐叿䑘ᾅ会⡆姕㔁做⭋⮶䥹ẍ 䁢㍐⺋䑘

⠫㔁做䘬ᷣ䭉╖ỵ⼴炻䑘⠫㔁做㬋⺷ㆸ䁢ㆹ⚳㓧⹄㕥㓧䘬℟橼ḳ枭ᷳᶨ炷䑘⠫㔁 做䭉䎮屯妲䲣䴙炻2013炸ˤ

ġ ġ 1995 ⸜⎘⣏⛘䎮䲣䌳搓㔁㌰⌛⶚㍸↢冒䃞ᷕ⽫ㆾ䑘⠫㔁做ᷕ⽫䘬慵天⿏炻㊯

↢℞ᶵ⎗ẍ䳸⎰㔁做冯忲ㅑ㳣≽炷䌳搓ˣ㛙ㄞ㖯炻1995炸炻ḇ⎗㍸㖯⍫冯侭⮵伶 渿冒䃞ᶾ䓴䘬冰嵋炷䌳搓ˣ㛙ㄞ㖯炻1995烊␐₺ˣ⏪⺢㓧ˣ昛䚃晬ˣ悕做ả炻1998炸炻 忚ᶨ㬍㽨⊝ṢᾹ⍣娵嬀䑘⠫ˣᾅ做䑘⠫炻⼊ㆸ冒䘤⿏䘬ᾅ做䘬₡ῤ奨炷䌳搓ˣ㛙 ㄞ㖯炻1995烊␐₺炻2001炸ˤ⚳ℏ㓧⹄冯⎬℔䥩䩳悐攨Ṏ㈽㲐姙⣂䘬屯㸸炻ẍ⎬䧖 ᶵ⎴䘬✳ンἮ㍐⺋䑘⠫㔁做㳣≽㕤⺋⣏䘬䣦㚫㔁做ᷳᷕ炻⤪冒䃞ᷕ⽫炷nature center炸

8

ㆾ䑘⠫㔁做ᷕ⽫炷environmental education center炸䫱ᶵ⎴栆✳ˣ⟜➇✳ンᷳ䑘⠫㔁 做➢⛘炷啵⣑⸛炻2011炸ˤ

ġ ġ 忶⍣Ḵ⋩⣂⸜ẍἮ炻埴㓧昊䑘ᾅ会冯㔁做悐晾⶚⯙䑘⠫㔁做䚠斄ⶍἄ㍸↢姙

⣂⮎㕥妰䔓炻᷎㍐≽姙⣂≈⻟⬠㟉䑘⠫䭉䎮ˣ⬠㟉䑘⠫㔁做冯⻟⊾⚳㮹䑘⠫䳈梲

ᷳ㍒㕥炻Ữ⥳䳪㛒傥㚱㓰➟埴炻⚈㬌㰢⭂德忶䩳㱽Ἦ㚱㓰䭉䎮冯㍐≽ˤ䑘⠫㔁做 㱽ᷳ㍐≽炻⮯Ὣㆸ⚳㮹ˣ㮹攻䳬䷼ˣ㓧⹄冯ẩ㤕⛐⬴㔜䘬䑘⠫㔁做➟埴橼䲣炻⃭

⮎䘬䑘⠫㔁做䴻屣冯⊁⮎䘬䑘⠫㔁做㓧䫾ᶳ炻⮵㕤冯ᶾ䓴ˣ⋨➇冯⚳⭞ˣ悱⛇䚠 斄䘬䑘⠫屯妲炻℟㚱㞍娊ˣ䎮妋ˣ↮㜸冯㈡⇌䘬傥≃炻忼ㆸ屯妲德㖶⊾䘬℟橼䚖 㧁炻Ṏ傥忚侴㍸⋯㮹䛦⍫冯灏炻ἧ⚳⭞䑘⠫㓧䫾䛇㬋ↅ倂ℐ㮹ℙ嬀炻Ὣ忚䣦㚫㔜 橼䘬␴媏冯忚㬍ˤ䑘⠫㔁做℟㚱ℐ㮹⍫冯⿏ˣ䳪幓⬠佺⿏ˣ㔜橼⿏冯䥹㈨㔜⎰⿏

䫱䈡岒炻䑘⠫㔁做㱽⌛䁢䴻⽝娊䛦⣂⬠侭⮰⭞ˣ㮹攻⛀橼ˣẩ㤕冯㓧⹄䚠斄Ṣ⒉

ᷳシ夳⼴㇨ↅ倂ᷳℙ嬀炻㱽㟰ℏ⭡侫ㄖℐ䎫䑘⠫嬲怟䎦尉ˣ⚳晃㯠临䘤⯽㼖㳩炻

᷎㕇惴ㆹ⚳⚳ね炻⮯㛔㱽㤪↮䁢䷥⇯ˣᷣ䭉㨇斄ˣ䑘⠫㔁做㓧䫾ˣ䑘⠫㔁做ᷳ㍐

≽ˣ⚳⭞䑘⠫㔁做➢慹㚫ˣ䑘⠫㔁做䴻屣ˣ䞼䨞冯䘤⯽ˣ旬⇯䫱ℓ䪈 23 㡅ˤ ġ ġ 晐叿 1980 ⸜ẋ军 1990 ⸜ẋ⇵㛇䘬≒≃␴䧵䳗炻1993 ⸜䑘ᾅ会⥼妿⮰⭞⬠侭 䞼㒔ˬ䞼妪⚳⭞䑘⠫㔁做㱽ᷳ䞼䨞˭炻ㆸ䁢ㆹ⚳䫔ᶨ䇰䑘⠫㔁做䚠斄㱽㟰ᷳ勱㟰ˤ 2009 ⸜䑘⠫㔁做㱽勱㟰忚ℍ䩳㱽⮑嬘炻2011 ⸜ 5 㚰 18 㖍ˬ䑘⠫㔁做㱽˭勱㟰⛐

䩳㱽昊ᶱ嬨忂忶炻2011 ⸜ 6 㚰 5 㖍℔ⶫ炻᷎冒 2011 ⸜ 6 㚰 5 㖍攳⥳㕥埴炻ἧㆹ⚳

ㆸ䁢两伶⚳ˣ㖍㛔ˣ⋿杻ˣ⶜大ˣ厚⼳屻ᷳ⼴炻⮹㔠⮯䑘⠫㔁做䩳㱽䘬⚳⭞ˤ2011

⸜㬋⺷㕥埴炻䑘⠫㔁做㱽䘬⇞⭂ㆸ䁢ㆹ⚳䑘⠫ᾅ嬟㤪⾝䘤⯽⚃⋩⸜Ἦ䘬ㆸ㝄ᷳᶨˤ

⮵㕤㛒Ἦ炻䑘⠫㔁做㱽冯䚠斄䘬㕥埴䳘⇯ˣ埴≽㕡㟰ᷳ忳ἄ冯ᾖ㬋炻㗗㛒Ἦㆹ⚳

䑘⠫㔁做䚠斄䞼䨞冯䘤⯽䘬慵溆炷䑘⠫㔁做䭉䎮屯妲䲣䴙炻2012炸ˤ

ġ ġ ὅ㒂ˬ䑘⠫㔁做㱽˭炻夷⭂⬠䓇⍲℔㔁Ṣ⒉⽭枰㍍⍿㭷⸜⚃⮷㗪ẍᶲ䑘⠫㔁做 婚䦳ㆾ㳣≽炻⡆忚⚳㮹ᾅ嬟䑘⠫䘬䞍嬀ˣ㈨傥ˣン⹎⍲₡ῤ奨炻Ὣἧ⚳㮹慵夾䑘

⠫炻㍉⍾埴≽炻ẍ忼㯠临䘤⯽䘬℔㮹㔁做烊⎴㗪炻㮹䛦⤪㝄忽⍵䑘ᾅ㱽⼳炻优挘

9

崭忶㕘冢⸋ 5000 ⃫㟰ẞ侭炻⎎⢾怬暨㍍⍿ᶨ⇘ℓ⮷㗪䘬䑘⠫嫃佺ˤ德忶⣂⃫䭉忻

≈⻟㮹䛦䓇ンᾅ做ˣ䑘⠫ΐ䎮奨⾝᷎㓡嬲䓇㳣佺ㄋ炻嬻ṢᾹ⬠㚫⮲慵⣏冒䃞ˣㅪ

⼿冯⣏冒䃞␴⸛ℙ嗽炻嬻ㆹᾹ岜ẍ䓇⬀䘬⛘䎫␴屯㸸炻傥塓Ṣ㯠临⇑䓐炻㗗䑘⠫

㔁做䘬䘤⯽䚖㧁冯栀㘗ˤ

ᶱ

ᶱˣ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨

炷ᶨ炸䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘤⯽䶋䓙

ġ ġ 䑘⠫㔁做䘬➢㛔瀲濱炻㗗䁢瀈Ṣ瀞傥攟ᷭ⛐⬱ℐ䨑⭂䘬⛘䎫䑘⠫ᷕ㯠临䘤⯽ˤ

⮵Ṣ瀞侴妨炻⺽⮶冯㔁⊾ṢᾹ⤪ỽ⛐䑘⠫ᷕ䓇㳣䘬㔁做炻⯙㗗ᶨ䧖䑘⠫㔁做烊侴

⬷奨䘬䑘⠫㔁做炻㒜⍲⇘ℤ栏䓇㳣ˣ䓇䓊冯䓇ン䘬㯠临䘤⯽㔁做ˤ㓧⹄䁢溻⊝⮎

㕥䑘⠫㔁做橼槿㳣≽炻溻⊝䘤⯽⃒岒䘬ˬ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨˭ˤ⛐䑘⠫㔁做㱽⮎㕥

ᷳ⇵炻⌛㚱栆Ụ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨≇傥䘬ˬ䑘⠫㔁做ᷕ⽫˭ˣˬ冒䃞㔁做ᷕ⽫˭䫱 姕㕥炻䁢ἧ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥ˣ⟜㇨⺢䩳⍲㍸ὃ⬴㔜䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕㚵⊁ˣ屯妲冯屯㸸炻

ᷫὅ㒂䑘⠫㔁做㱽䫔 14 㡅䫔 3 枭夷⭂妪⭂ˬ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱⍲䭉䎮彎㱽˭

炷埴㓧昊䑘⠫ᾅ嬟会炻2011炸ˤ

ġ ġ 䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨㊯㔜⎰䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ≃ˣ婚䦳㕡㟰⍲䴻䆇䭉䎮炻䓐ẍ㍸

ὃ䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕㚵⊁ᷳ℟㚱寸⭴䓇ンㆾṢ㔯冯冒䃞䈡刚ᷳ䨢攻ˣ⟜➇ˣ墅伖ㆾ姕

⁁炷䑘⠫㔁做䭉䎮屯妲䲣䴙炻2012炸ˤ

ġ ġ 冒䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱⍲䭉䎮彎㱽⮎㕥⼴炻䚖⇵ㆹ⚳䎦昶㭝䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥

⟜㇨䓛婳娵嫱⏰䎦⣂⃫⊾䎦尉炻⊭⏓㛒Ἦᷕ⣖㓧⹄䳬䷼㓡忈ᷳ䑘⠫屯㸸悐ㆸ⒉烉 㯜⇑会ˣ㜿⊁⯨ˣ㯜ᾅ⯨ˣ⚳⭞℔⚺ˣ冒Ἦ㯜℔⎠䫱㇨Ⱄ╖ỵㆾ庼⮶姕㕥⟜㇨炻 㔁做悐䭉廬ᷳ䣦㚫㔁做㨇斄ˤ⛐⛘㕡⇯㚱⛘㕡㓧⹄㨇斄⍲℞旬Ⱄ╖ỵˣ⬠㟉炻ẍ

⍲㮹攻䴻䆇ᷳẹ攺彚⟜ˣ彚匲ˣ忲㦪⚺⋨ˣ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫䫱栆⇍炷昛⬇⹟炻2012炸ˤ 䚖⇵ℐ⎘忂忶娵嫱䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨ℙ㚱 67 嗽炻℞ᷕⰔ㕤䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫䳬䷼栆

✳䘬ℙ㚱 8 嗽炷䑘⠫㔁做䭉䎮屯妲䲣䴙炻2013炸ˤ

10

ġ ġ 㰇㗙ṩ䫱Ṣ炷2008炸妋慳姙⣂⬠侭⛯澽㖶䓇ン濑忲⊭⏓䑘⠫㔁做ㆸ↮炻䌳搓 炷1996炸⌛㚦␤䰚炻⛐⎘䀋㍐≽䓇ン濑忲㗪炻ㅱ▿娎圵ℍ⬠㟉䘬㇞⢾㔁⬠炻⏛⾈

⬷炷2001炸ḇ娵䁢炻ㅱ⮯䓇ン濑忲圵ℍ䑘⠫㔁做䘬嬘柴ᷳᷕ炻嵁剅濊炷1995炸澽 㖶䓇ン濑忲ᷫẍ䑘⠫瀢瀲䘬㤪濱↢䘤炻傥啱䓙䑘⠫㔁做䘬㕡⺷炻潻濥䳸奨⃱冯䑘

⠫ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻忁灴澽㖶瀈䓇ン濑忲冯䑘⠫㔁做ᷳ攻℟㚱⭮澵⎗↮䘬斄Ὢˤ⚈㬌炻 䣦⋨⛐ᾅ做䔞⛘䓇ン屯㸸ˣ䘤⯽䓇ン㕭忲䘬⎴㗪炻℞⮎朆ⷠ怑⎰䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做炻 ḇ㗗䚖⇵姙⣂䣦⋨ⶴ㛃啱䓙䑘⠫㔁做炻㉻⯽䔞⛘䓇ン㕭忲冯䑘⠫ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢˤ ġ ġ 㬌⢾␐₺炷2011炸娵䁢䑘⠫⬠佺ᷕ⽫ᶵ㗗ᶨᾳ㍸ὃ䣦⋨⯭㮹冯⬠㟉ⷓ䓇㚱 シ佑䘬䑘⠫⬠佺䴻槿冯㚱シ佑䘬ẹ攺忲ㅑ橼槿䘬⮰㤕⟜➇炻⬫℞⮎ḇ㗗ᶨᾳὫ忚 䣦㚫忚㬍䘬≽≃ˤᶵ㗗䑘⠫⬠佺炻ᷕ⽫䘬㚵⊁䓊⑩㗗⣂㧋⊾䘬炻㍸ὃ␐怲䣦⋨

ẍ⍲⬠㟉ⷓ䓇⣂㧋䘬䓇㳣冯㚱シ佑ẹ攺忲ㅑ䘬䓊⑩冯㨇㚫ˤ忁ṃ㨇㚫冯㳣≽炻⚵

丆叿冯ᷕ⽫㇨⛐⋨➇䑘⠫冯䓇㳣ˣ䓇䓊␴䓇ン䫱㚱斄䘬䳈㛸␴嬘柴ˤ

ġ ġ ⚈㬌炻䣦⋨✳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨ᶵ㍸⋯Ḯ⚳㮹䘬䑘⠫䳈梲炻ḇ攻㍍㍸ὃḮ 䳪幓⬠佺ˣẹ攺忲ㅑ䘬㨇㚫冯䴻槿炻⯌㚱䓂侭炻㚜㍸ὃḮ⛐⛘䣦⋨䘬䚠斄䴻㾇⎗

傥冯ⶍἄ㨇㚫ˤ⎴㗪ḇ䓙㕤㔯⊾㳣≽䘬㍐⯽炻Ὣㆸ⛐⛘㔯⊾ᾅ⬀冯⛘⋨䓊㤕㋗冰 䘬㨇㚫ˤ⛐⛘⋨䘤⯽⼿ẍ㯠临冯Ṣ㮹䳈梲⛐㼃䦣満⊾㍸⋯䘬㬟䦳ᷕ炻忁ᶵ㗗㍸

⋯ℐ㮹䘬䑘⠫䳈梲炻㚜忚ᶨ㬍䘬㗗啱䓙䳪幓⬠佺冯㚱シ佑䘬ẹ攺㳣≽炻㍸⋯Ḯ⚳

㮹䘬⑩岒炻ḇ忚ᶨ㬍㍸⋯Ḯ䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬㯠临⿏炷␐₺炻2011炸ˤ

ġ ġ ⛐䑘⠫㔁做㱽ᷕ炻䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱㡅ẞᷕ⌛㖶䣢婚䦳㕡㟰䘬慵天⿏炷⚾

2-1炸炻婚䦳㕡㟰Ṏ㗗䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨⬀⛐冯䘤⯽䘬➢䢶炻⼺㚱䠔橼⺢姕侴䃉檀⑩ 岒䘬婚䦳㕡㟰冯㍐⺋Ṣ≃炻䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘬⬀⛐⎒㗗䨢㭤炻婚䦳㕡㟰㗗⼊⟹

䑘⠫䳈梲䘬慵天⨺ṳ炻⮯䑘⠫㔁做冯㯠临䘤⯽䘬䎮゛␴䚖㧁句⮎⇘䎦⮎䓇㳣ᷕ炻 侴⤥䘬婚䦳㕡㟰ㅱ㗗㚱シ佑䘬⬠佺炻侴朆㗗䞍嬀䘬㿴廠炻德忶⬠佺ˣ橼槿ˣḺ

≽ˣ⍫冯炻嬻⬠佺侭忼ㆸ䑘⠫⬠佺ˣ䣦㚫Ḻ≽ˣ冒ㆹ⮎䎦䫱ᶱᾳⰌ朊䘬⬠佺炻᷎

啱㬌⮯䑘⠫㔁做䎮⾝⍲䑘⠫㯠临䘬㤪⾝␴₡ῤ⁛㑕↢⍣炻Ὣἧ⬠佺㳣≽䘬⍫冯侭

11

⛐ン⹎ˣ埴䁢ᶲ㚱㇨㓡嬲炻⚈㬌䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ㅱ㗗䴻忶⮰㤕ˣ䴻忶䱦⽫姕妰

⬱㌺䘬㳣≽炷␐₺炻2011炸ˤ

⚾ 2-1ġ 䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨㥳ㆸ天䳈⚾炷␐₺炻2011炸

ġ ġ ⮵䛦⣂䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬╖ỵ侴妨炻䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰㗗➢䢶ᶼ 㚨⮎晃䘬悐↮炻ḇ㗗ᶨᾳ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨⬀⛐䘬㚨➢㛔㡅ẞ炻㕡㟰⎗ẍ㚱姙⣂

ᶵ⎴栆✳䘬㳣≽炻憅⮵ᶵ⎴⸜漉ˣⰔ⿏⮵尉冯ᶵ⎴ᷳ暨㯪侴姕妰ˤὅ㒂␐₺炷2011炸 䘬 ↮ 栆 炻 ⣏ 农 ᶲ⎗ ẍ ⋨ ↮ 䁢烉 䑘 ⠫㔁 做 (environmental education) 烊 䑘⠫妋 婒 (environmental interpretation)烊䑘⠫⁛㑕(environmental communication)䫱ᶱ⣏栆✳

㳣≽ˤ

炷Ḵ炸䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ᷳ夷∫

ġ ġ 㟡㒂␐₺炷2011炸䘬⭂佑烉ˬ㕡㟰⍇㔯㊯ program炻⛐⬠㟉㔁做ᷕ⇯⎗ẍˮ㔁 㳣≽㕡㟰

䆇忳䭉䎮 姕㕥

Ṣ

a.䑘⠫㔁做 b.䑘⠫妋婒 c.䑘⠫⁛㑕

a.ᷕ⽫姕㕥 b.妋婒姕㕥 c.㔁做姕㕥 d.䓇㳣姕㕥 e.䑘⠫姕㕥

a.䴻䆇䭉䎮 b.䴻屣 c.䵕ᾖ d.㢚⛘䭉䎮 a.䴻䆇䭉䎮侭

b.㔁做Ṣ⒉ c.⣍Ờ

d.㚵⊁ἧ䓐侭

12

⬠妰䔓˯ˣˮᶨ䲣↿夷∫⤥䘬㔁做婚䦳˯炻⛐⁛㑕柀➇ᷕ⇯⎗ẍˮ㔁做䭨䚖˯ˣˮᶨ⣿

ẩ∫㟰˯䫱堐䣢ˤ忂ⷠ㚱㬍樇㛇䦳炻⬱㌺䎦㚱冯㛒Ἦ⎗䓐䘬屯㸸ˣ䚠ㅱ䘬Ṣ≃ˣ 䳬䷼炻㚱䲣䴙夷䔓ᷳ䎮⾝冯䚖㧁ˤḳ⇵㚱䚠斄婧㞍䞼䨞➢䢶炻䘤⯽䫾䔍ẍ德忶ᶨ 䲣↿ᶵ⎴䘬㳣≽⚈ㅱ炻妋㰢⓷柴ㆾ䁢㺧嵛䘬暨㯪ˤ᷎㕤➟埴忶䦳冯ḳ⼴忚埴姽慷炻 ẍḮ妋⎬ᾳ天䳈攻䘬⼙枧冯ㆸ㝄ˤ˭⎎㚱⮰⭞ḇ㍸⍲⛐婚䦳㔁⬠忶䦳ᷕ炻㚫忳䓐 ˬ㔁⬠㧉䳬炷teaching module炸˭ˤˬ㔁⬠㧉䳬˭㊯䘬㗗㈲㔁⬠䘬㔜ᾳ㬟䦳ἄ䲣䴙䘬 嗽䎮炻↉⼙枧㔁⬠ㆸ㝄䘬⚈䳈悥⊭㊔⛐㧉䳬ᷳℏ炷㛙ㄞ㖯炻1993炸ˤ

ġ ġ ⛐夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰㗪炻⎴㗪⽭枰Ḯ妋⃒岒䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨ᷳ䈡岒炻

⮯℞圵ℍ⛐婚䦳㕡㟰ᷕ炻⤪烉慵┇䘤侴朆㔁⮶ˣ⻟婧Ḻ≽侴朆╖⎹䘬㿴廠ˣ⋼≑

⍫姒侭䌚⼿奒幓䘬橼槿䫱烊㳣≽㕡㟰䘬䚖䘬⛐㕤⋼≑⍫姒侭䘤⯽䑘⠫奢䞍ˣ⬠佺 䑘⠫䞍嬀ˣ➡梲䑘⠫ΐ䎮ˣ䅇佺埴≽㈨傥炻䓂军䌚⼿䑘⠫埴≽䘬䴻槿烊ㅱ憅⮵ᶵ

⎴䘬⍫姒侭炻䴻ⷠ⿏⛘㍸ὃ⣂⃫䘬䑘⠫㔁做㕡㟰冯⬠佺㳣≽烊傥㍐昛↢㕘⯽䣢ˣ 婚䦳⍲㳣≽㕡㟰烊⬠佺㳣≽傥⻴墄⛐⬠㟉ℏ忚埴䑘⠫㔁⬠䘬ᶵ嵛炻᷎⋼≑忼ㆸ⎬

⬠䥹婚䦳䘬⬠佺䚖㧁烊德忶姕妰ㆾ⬱㌺炻ἧ㳣≽㕡㟰⍲姕㕥䘬ἧ䓐侭傥⛐㬌橼槿 冯Ⰽ埴⮵䑘⠫⍳┬⍲㯠临䘤⯽䘬㈧媦炷␐₺炻2011炸ˤ

ġ ġ 㚨⼴炻婚䦳姕妰枰㌴㎉婚䦳䚖㧁冯ᶵ⎴Ⰼ䳂婚䦳烊ἳ⤪橼槿ˣデ⭀奢䞍ˣ⍇

䎮娵䞍ˣ⓷柴妋㰢冯㬟䦳炻ẍ⍲Ṣ栆䣦佌冯䑘⠫Ḻ≽䘬₡ῤ奨䫱朊⎹炷⏛懜䫹ˣ 䌳泣㾔炻2012炸炻憅⮵ᶵ⎴⸜漉ˣⰔ⿏⮵尉炻ὅ℞⮵䑘⠫㔁做䘬Ḯ妋䦳⹎ἄ怑䔞ᷳ

婚䦳㳣≽ˤ⛐夷∫䑘⠫㔁做ᷕ⽫䘬婚䦳㕡㟰⍲㔁做妰䔓䘬埴䁢㧉⺷䚖㧁㗪炻昌Ḯ ㅱ䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做䚖㧁⢾炻ḇㅱ侫慷⎬ᾳ╖ỵ䘬屯㸸ˣ借屔ˣ暨㯪⍲㛒Ἦ䣦㚫⣏䛦

⛐⋼≑㷃庽䑘⠫⓷柴㇨傥㈖㺼䘬奺刚ˤ℞⬫䘬䞼䨞炷Simmons, 1991烊㠩㖶䃴炻1992烊 㠩㖶䃴炻1998炻⺽冒昛⬇⹟炻2012炸⮵德忶㕡㟰㳣≽⍣忼ㆸ䑘⠫㔁做䚖㧁炻 ↢ 炷1炸Ὣἧ㮹䛦Ḯ妋㛔⛘⍲ℐ䎫䑘⠫⓷柴ˤ炷2炸娵䞍冒䃞䓇ン䘬䞍嬀ˣ㔁⮶㮹䛦妋 㰢⓷柴䘬㈨傥ˤ炷3炸➡梲㮹䛦⮵䑘⠫䘬ン⹎⍲⺢ℐ➡做㮹䛦⺢䩳⮵妋㰢䑘⠫⓷柴 䘬冒⮲⽫ˤ炷4炸溻⊝㮹䛦忚埴㚱䙲䑘ᾅ䘬埴䁢ㆾ➡梲↢䑘ᾅ埴≽ᷣ佑侭炻ㇵ傥䡢

13

⮎忼ㆸℐ㮹 ↢傥⮵⛘䎫䑘⠫屈屔䘬埴䁢䫱⚃溆⺢嬘ˤ

ġ ġ 㳣≽㕡㟰天傥⍵㗈↢⮵䑘⠫䘬斄㆟⍲䔞⛘屯㸸䘬䈡刚炻㳣≽姕妰澵⎒㗗屯妲 䘬⁛怆炻ㅱ⊭⏓奢䞍ˣ䞍灊冯㈨傥炻㕡㟰ᷕㅱ䵕㊩ḳ⮎㬋䡢ẍ⍲奨溆⸛堉ˤ䑘⠫

㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨德忶䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻㔜⎰䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓ˣ䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ⒉炻

㍸ὃ䑘⠫㔁做⬠佺侭⛐寸⭴䘬Ṣ㔯ˣ冒䃞䈡刚䨢攻⟜㇨ᷕ炻⡆忚䑘⠫ᾅ嬟ᷳ䞍嬀ˣ

㈨傥ˣン⹎冯₡ῤ奨炻Ὣἧ⬠佺侭慵夾䑘⠫ᾅ嬟炻㍉⍾埴≽炻ẍ忼㯠临䘤⯽ᷳ℔

㮹㔁做忶䦳ˤ

⚃

⚃ˣ⽆䑘⠫㔁做䘬⬠佺侭⇘㔁做侭

忶⍣ㆹ⚳䑘⠫㔁做䘬㍐≽慵溆炻⛐㕤ẍ䣦⋨䁢╖ỵ忚埴䑘⠫㔁做炻᷎ẍㇻ忈 䑘ᾅ䣦⋨䁢ᷣ天䚖㧁ˤㆸ≇䘬䑘ᾅ䣦⋨天䳈炻⣂㬠⚈℞傥㟡㒂℞䣦⋨䈡刚㒔⭂䘬 䣦⋨䆇忈妰䔓ˤ℞妰䔓ℏ⭡炻⎗ẍ䯉╖↮䁢㍐⯽䑘ᾅ䓊㤕⍲䓇ン㕭忲枭䚖炻ẍ䣦

⋨忈㘗ˣ屯䓊ᾅ⬀冯⁛㈧䁢ᷣ烊䓇ン䑘⠫䭉䎮ẍ䳬䷼䣦⋨䑘ᾅ佑ⶍ᷎㍐埴⯭㮹䑘

⠫㔁做䁢ᷣ炷⏛伶渿䫱炻2009炸ˤ侴䎦Ṳ䑘⠫㔁做䘬慵溆炻ẍㄊㄊ⮯䣦⋨⽆䑘⠫㔁 做䘬⬠佺侭炻ⶴ㛃䣦⋨德忶⛘㕡⍫冯炻ᷣ≽㔜⎰⛘㕡㚱斄Ṣ≃ˣ䈑≃炻冒ᷣὅ䄏

⛘㕡䈡刚炻ㇻ忈Ⱄ㕤⛐⛘䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥炻㍸ὃㆹ⚳㮹䛦㍍⍿䑘⠫㔁做䘬⟜➇ˤ

⛐忁ᾳ忶䦳䔞ᷕ炻⎗ẍ奨⮇⇘䣦⋨䘬奺刚廱嬲炻忁ᷳ攻ḇ䈥㴱⇘䣦⋨傥⏎⮯忶⍣

䣦⋨䆇忈䘬䴻槿冯ㆸ㝄炻德忶䣦⋨⍫冯炻ㆸ≇廱⊾䁢䆇忈䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥㇨暨䘬天 䳈炻忁㗗ῤ⼿㶙ℍ㍊妶䘬嬘柴ˤ

14

䫔

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ 䣦⋨⍫冯

ᶨˣ䣦⋨⍫冯䘬⭂佑

ġ ġ 䣦⋨澹冯炷community participation炸ᶨ娆冯ˬ㮹䛦⍫冯˭ˣˬ℔䛦⍫冯˭㚱栆Ụ 䘬シ㵝炻㗗㊯䣦㚫⣏䛦ảỽ冒䘤⿏䘬灖≽炻ẍ⼙枧㓧⹄䘬㓧䫾冯➟灖炷悕䐆✌ˣ 㰒⣊⿉ˣ恙泣怈炻2006炸ˤRenn, Webler, 冯 Wiedemann炷1995炸⮯㮹䛦澹冯⭂佑䁢 ˬ普⎰㓧⹄ˣ㮹䛦ˣ瀫⭛斄ὪṢˣ瀫灥⛀橼䫱炻憅⮵䈡⇍嬘柴ㆾ㰢䫾忚灖㹅忂冯 シ灘Ṍ㎃䘬澏⡯˭烊⼴潻℞䭬⚵㒜⣏军䣦㚫䘬⎬Ⰼ朊炻⎗⮷军澹冯㖍ⷠ䓇㳣ᷕ冯佌 橼㚱斄䘬℔ℙḳ⊁炻⣏军澹冯㓧⹄䘬㓧䫾⇞⭂ㆾ➟灖忶䦳ˤˬ䣦⋨澹冯˭⌛㗗䓙䣦

⋨⯭㮹冒奢冒栀⛘ℙ⎴潻澹≈ẍ娚䣦⋨⍲℞⯭㮹䁢䭬⚵冯⮵尉炻⍫≈䣦⋨⎬䧖㳣

≽ㆾḳ⊁ˣ䘤崟Ὣ忚娚䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬ᶨ灎灖≽炷㣲ㄏ䏒ˣ悕潘㯜炻1996炸炻㗗䣦⋨⯭

㮹⮵䣦⋨屔ả䘬↮㑼␴ㆸ㝄䘬ℙṓ炻ἧ㭷ᶨᾳ⯭㮹悥㚱㨇㚫䁢媨⍾䣦⋨ℙ⎴⇑䙲 侴㕥⯽␴届䌣冒⶙䘬ㇵ傥炷Reid, 2000炸ˤ昛℞⋿炷1996炸㊯↢ᾳṢ⮵䣦⋨ḳ⊁䘬澹 冯䦳灏炻⎗ὅ℞⛐澹冯䣦⋨㳣≽㗪㇨栀シ⣱䌣䘬㗪攻ˣ潘拊␴潽濘炻ẍ⍲℞栀シ 㑼ả䣦⋨ℏ䳬䷼⛀橼䘬借⊁ㆾ㈽ℍ䦳灏潻堐䣢炻䴻䓙ᾳṢ澹冯䣦⋨㳣≽␴ḳ⊁䘬 柣灏␴䦳灏炻⎗≈㶙℞⮵䣦⋨ᷳ娵⎴ˤ

ġ ġ 䣦⋨澹冯⍇㛔㗗䣦㚫⬠冯㓧㱣⬠䘬ᷣ天䓐婆炻㊯䘬㗗ˬᾳṢ澹冯䣦⋨ℏ䘬䳬

䷼ㆾḳ⊁˭炻德忶䣦⋨澹冯㇨⼊ㆸ䘬䣦㚫䵚䴉炻澵⎗ẍ嬻ᾳṢ䌚⼿䓇㳣㇨暨炻Ṏ 㗗澝䧵䣦㚫屯㛔炷social capital炸䘬慵天䭉忻炷Putnam, 2000烉19炸ˤ

ġ ġ 䣦⋨澹冯䘬䈡溆⛐㕤澹冯䘬Ṣ⒉ẍ勱㟡⿏䳬䷼ㆾ⛀橼䁢ᷣ炻㍉䓙ᶳ侴ᶲ䘬ⶍ ἄ㧉⺷炻᷎朆ℐ悐䓙⭀㕡ㆾ⮰㤕Ṣ⒉ᷣ⮶夷∫ㆾṳℍ➟灖炻忶⍣㓧⹄㰢䫾ˣ夷∫

侭ˣ攳䘤㤕侭㌴㍏䣦⋨䨢攻⟹忈炻䛇㬋䘬ἧ䓐侭─䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬暨㯪⍵塓⾥䔍炻ẍ农

⯭㮹⣙⍣䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬㪲⇑冯傥≃ˤ⚈㬌⛘㕡䣦⋨䘬夷∫姕妰炻㓡䁢⛐⮰⭞㓗㎜ˣ 屯妲㳩忂ᷳᶳ炻䓙ᶳ侴ᶲˣ䓙⯭㮹⬴㔜侴㚱㓰䘬⍫冯炻⊭㊔㑩㚱⮎晃䘤妨㪲ˣ⺢

䩳屔ảデ冯⼙枧≃炻冒埴妋㰢⛘㕡ḳ⊁埵䓇ᷳ⓷柴炻⤪㬌㕡傥ↅ倂䣦⋨シ嬀炻⎰

䎮ˣ㚱㓰䘬⇑䓐屯㸸冯䑘⠫炻⺢䩳℟㚱冒ᷣ䈡刚䘬䣦⋨炻侴㓧⹄䘬奺刚Ṏ䓙⍇⃰

15

䘬ᷣ⮶侭ㆸ䁢庼⮶侭⍲惵⎰侭炷Reid, 2000炸ˤ䣦⋨澹冯ḇ㗗䣦⋨䷥橼䆇忈㑵ἄ䘬㟠

⽫炻⻟婧䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬澹冯炻嬻㓧⹄ㆾ朆㓧⹄䳬䷼冯䣦⋨㮹䛦ℙ⎴⋼≑䣦⋨䆇忈ⶍ ἄ炻᷎傥⚈㗪ˣ⚈⛘⇞⭄䘬➟灖炻忼⇘Ḻ墄䘬ἄ䓐炷䌳㛔⢗炻2005炸ˤ

ġ ġ 䣦⋨⍫冯䘬㟡㛔⍇⚈炻㗗䣦⋨⯭㮹⍲℞䳬䷼冯䣦⋨䘬⇑䙲䚠斄烊⍫冯䘬℟橼

≽㨇炻⎗傥↢㕤⎬䧖⎬㧋䘬侫ㄖ炻澹冯䘬䚖䘬⎗㬠䲵䁢ᶱ溆烉1.⯭㮹⎗ẍ澹冯㰢䫾ˣ

⇞⭂␴屯㸸↮惵炻2.⯭㮹⎗ẍ↮㑼㰢䫾ㆾ㚵⊁㕡㟰䘬姕妰ˣ➟灖⍲䭉瀲炻3.䡢ᾅ㰢 䫾ㆾ㚵⊁㕡㟰䘬瀫灥␴ㆸ㝄潦⮎⛐⍇⭂䘬㕷佌ㆾ⮵尉炷㕥㔁塽炻1997炸ˤ

Ḵ

Ḵˣ䣦⋨⍫冯䘬䳬䷼冯⼊⺷

ġ ġ Warren炷1988炸㍸↢䣦⋨㚱䣦㚫澹冯䘬≇傥炻䣦⋨㚱⎬䧖䳬䷼ˣ䣦⛀㳣≽炻㍸

ὃㆸ⒉⼤㬌Ṍ⼨ˣ澹冯䘬㨇㚫炻ㆸ⒉Ᾱ⎗啱䓙䣦㚫䘬澹冯ẍ➡梲濊┬䘬⑩⽟炻㺧 嵛ˬ冒ㆹ⮎䎦˭䘬➢㛔暨㯪炷瀔䌱㠭炻1997烉247炸ˤPaul炷1987炸⮯䣦⋨澹冯⭂佑 䁢ᶨᾳ䧵㤝䘬忶䦳炻⛐忁ᾳ忶䦳ᷕ䌚灥⛀橼ẍᶨᾳ⎗⡆忚⬫Ᾱ灩瀫䘬奨溆⍣⼙枧 ᶨᾳ䘤⯽妰∫䘬㕡⎹炻忁ṃ灩瀫⊭㊔㓞ℍˣᾳṢㆸ攟ˣ冒ㆹὅ岜ㆾ㗗℞⬫ṾᾹ╄

ッ䘬₡ῤˤ⚈㬌炻ᶨᾳ䣦⋨ㆾ䣦⋨ㆸ⒉䘬䣦⋨澹冯炻澵㗗届䌣潽濘ㆾ潘拊侴⶙炻 㗗䣦⋨㈽ℍ澹冯妰∫␴㰢䫾䘬忶䦳ˤSheng炷1989炸娵䁢䣦⋨澹冯ᷣ天㗗䓙䣦⋨澹 冯䚜㍍⼙枧⯭㮹䓇㳣ね㱩炻忁ḇシ␛叿⛐⭀㕡冯䣦⋨ᷳ攻䘬㪲濘ℙṓ炷⺽冒㛶䵕 屆炻2013炸ˤ

ġ ġ ⽆⍫冯䘬⼊⺷Ἦ䚳炻⎗↮䁢䚜㍍⍫冯␴攻㍍⍫冯ℑ⣏栆炻⇵侭⤪冱埴䣦⋨ℐ 橼⯭㮹㚫嬘炻⼴侭⤪怠冱䣦⋨㰢䫾Ṣ⒉䫱ˤ䣦⋨澹冯䘬⼊⺷ḇ⎗ὅ㒂ả⊁澵⎴侴 㚱澵⎴䘬澹冯䳬ㆸ炻⊭⏓㚱䞕㛇澹冯␴攟㛇澹冯ˤ䞕㛇䘬䣦⋨澹冯忂ⷠ㗗䁢瀈㝸 ᾳ䈡⭂䘬䚖䘬侴⼊ㆸ炻ⷠ㗗䣦⋨朊冐⌙㨇ˣ䁢ᾅ嬟䣦⋨侴⮵⢾㈿䇕炻ἳ⤪㉺䳽惘 性姕㕥䘬冰⺢ˣ䈡㬲ḳ㤕䘬忚楸䫱炻晐叿ḳẞ潦ⷽ炻⯭㮹斄⽫䣦⋨䘬䅙ね澳徸㻠 㴰⣙侴䳸㜇澹冯ˤ攟㛇䘬䣦⋨澹冯忂ⷠ㗗䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨␐怕䑘⠫⶚㚱ᶨ⭂䘬ℙ 灊炻䁢瀈㓡┬䣦⋨䑘⠫␴㍸⋯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒炻ℙ⎴妪⭂䓇㳣夷䲬ˣㆸ灅䣦⋨䭉瀲

16

䳬䷼ˣ㒔⭂䣦⋨䘤⯽妰䔓炻ⶴ㛃傥⮎䎦ˬ怈㘗˭侴䓊䓇䘬澹冯灖≽炻忁䧖冒䘤⿏

灖≽忂ⷠḇ庫傥┬䓐䣦⋨屯㸸ˣↅ倂䣦⋨シ灊炻᷎ᶼ㊩ᷭ䘬忳ἄᶳ⍣炻ẍ䵕嬟䣦

⋨䑘⠫⍲ㅱ㚱䘬䓇㳣㯜㸾炻䣦⋨⯭㮹澹冯䣦⋨㳣≽⮵㕤㔜橼䣦⋨侴妨℞慵天⿏澵

⭡⾥濄ˤ

ᶱ

ᶱˣ䣦⋨⍫冯冯⛘㕡娵⎴

ġ ġ ⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨䘬娵⎴デ㗗䁢䣦⋨ↅ倂䘬⽭天㡅ẞḇ㗗䣦⋨忚ᶨ㬍䘤⯽䘬➢䢶 炷㜿㋗㗍炻1995炸炻㇨媪䘬娵⎴㗗ᶨ䧖㬠Ⱄデ炻⮯冒ㆹ㬠Ⱄ⇘㝸ᾳ佌橼炻忁䧖ẍ⛘

㕡ἄ䁢⋨彐ㆹ佌䘬㕡⺷炻⻟婧䘬㗗ㆹ佌ẍ⛘㕡ἄ䁢普橼䘬シ尉侴⼊ㆸ䘬娵⎴炷⹾

䳓⛯炻2006炸ˤ⛘㕡娵⎴℟㚱ↅ倂⛘㕡シ嬀ᷳˬ娵⎴˭䘬ℏ㵝炻⊭㊔Ṣ㔯⍲冒䃞䑘

⠫娵⎴ˣ普橼娵⎴ˣ㬠Ⱄ⛘㕡䘬⛐⛘幓↮娵⎴冯⛘㕡怈㘗娵⎴炻᷎ᶼἄ䁢䣦⋨䆇 忈冯䣦⋨⬠佺䘬㟠⽫炷Ⅻᷳ娈炻2007炸ˤ䣦⋨⯭㮹德忶⮵⛘㕡䘬娵嬀炻⍫冯䣦⋨㳣

≽ˣḳ⊁㰢䫾䫱炻⡆忚⮵䣦⋨䘬⛘㕡娵⎴炻㜿㋗㗍炷1994炸㊯↢䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨

℟㚱娵⎴デ␴届䌣䘬⽫炻㗗䣦⋨≇傥列⤥䘬㚨Ἓ㊯㧁炻ἧ⼿䣦⋨⯭㮹栀シ⮵䣦⋨

䘬ḳ⊁䚉⽫䚉≃炻⚈㬌⇵㔯⊾⺢姕⥼⒉㚫⛐㍐≽䣦⋨䆇忈㓧䫾㗪炻叿≃㕤悱⛇㔯

⎚ˣ㔯⊾屯䓊ˣ䣦⋨䑘⠫ˣ㔯⊾䓊㤕䫱䣦⋨ⶍἄ䘬㍐⯽炻≈⻟⯭㮹⮵⛘㕡䘬娵⎴炻 㬌䧖ˬ䓙ᶲ侴ᶳ˭ˣˬ㮹䛦⍫冯˭䘬㤪⾝ḇ晐叿⎘䀋㓧㱣㪲≃䘬慳㓦炻ㆸ䁢ᷣ㳩₡

ῤ炷㛶㯠⯽炸

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䫔

䫔ᶱ䭨ġ 䣦⋨⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做

ᶨˣ䣦⋨⍫冯冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮

ġ ġ 䔞ẋ冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮㻠㚱⛘㕡⊾䘬嵐⊊炻䚏忻㜘炷2001炸㊯↢⮯䣦⋨⍫冯

⍲⛘㕡䘤⯽忁ℑᾳ嵐⊊㓦⛐ᶨ崟妶婾炻⯙㗗㈲ᾅ做妰䔓冯⛘㕡䴻㾇䘤⯽ 忋䳸炻 ẍ䔞⛘㮹䛦䘬奨溆Ἦ夷∫冯➟埴ˤˬ冒 1980 ⸜ẋ⇅攳⥳炻⚳晃䣦㚫⛐冒䃞屯㸸冯 ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮㕡朊↢䎦ℑᾳ㖶栗䘬嵐⊊烉䫔ᶨᾳ㗗慵夾⛐⛘䣦佌⛐䴻䆇䭉䎮 ᶲ䘬⍫冯˭烊䫔Ḵ㗗⮳㯪屯㸸ᾅ做冯⋨ℏ⍲惘役䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬⸛堉炷䚏忻㜘炻2011炸ˤ ġ ġ ⛘㕡⊾⍾⎹䘬⼊ㆸ昌Ḯ㬟⎚冯䑘⠫傰䴉䘬Ὣㆸ⢾炻ḇ㴱⍲⇘奨⾝䘬廱㎃冯⍵

⿅炻⊭㊔烉⛘㕡䣦⋨塓夾䁢䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬慵天ềỜˣ⛐⛘䣦佌炷䈡⇍㗗⮹㔠㕷佌炻

⍇ỷ㮹炸䘬㪲䙲⍿⇘慵夾ˣ冯⛘㕡䴻㾇䘤⯽攻䘬⋼婧㗗䴻䆇䭉䎮ᶲ䘬⃒⃰慵溆ˣ

⁛䴙䘬㈨傥冯䞍嬀慵㕘䁢⬠䓴㇨娵⎗ˣᷕ⣖㓧⹄㨇斄冯⛘㕡攻䘬㪲傥慵㕘惵⣿ˣ 㮹攻≃慷㈖㺼䘬奺刚グ夳⎫慵炷䚏忻㜘炻2001炸ˤ

ġ ġ 晐叿㮹䛦㔁做㯜㸾㍸⋯ˣ䑘ᾅシ嬀㉔柕炻⮵䓇㳣䑘⠫䘬⑩岒冯ᾅ嬟グ嵐斄㲐炻 ㆹ⚳䣦⋨⍫冯冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬㟰ἳᶵ妰℞㔠炻⤪㢖㜿䴻䆇㕡朊炻⯌℞⛐ 2002

⸜㜿⊁⯨攳⥳㍐≽䣦⋨㜿㤕妰䔓⼴炻溻⊝㮹䛦⍫冯ᾅ做ⶍἄˣↅ倂䣦⋨シ嬀炻㍸

⋯⯭㮹斄⽫℔䛦ḳ⊁䘬傥≃炻Ὣἧ姙⣂䣦⋨㈽ℍ冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮炻ἳ⤪㕘䪡䷋

⮾䞛悱⎠楔⹓㕗⇑䓐䣦⋨㜿㤕ἄ䁢悐句冒䃞屯㸸䭉䎮ᷳㅱ䓐炷⎚做䤶炻2007炸烊⍰

⤪㮹䛦德忶妰䔓澹冯⭄潭㴟Ⱡ䴻䆇䭉瀲炻⽆ 2002 ⸜崟军 2011 ⸜㬊炻⭄嗕䷋㱧㴟 旬役ℙ㚱 19 ᾳ䣦⋨⍫冯䣦⋨㜿㤕妰䔓炻䷥妰䌚⼿墄≑妰䔓㟰ℙ㚱 60 ẞ炻㭷⸜妰 䔓ẞ㔠⏰䎦䨑⭂ㆸ攟炷⹾⬠婈䫱炻2011炸烊昌㢖㜿䴻䆇⢾炻⯂㚱姙⣂℞Ṿ䣦⋨⍫冯 冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬㟰ἳ炻⊭㊔ᾅ嬟⋨ㆾ䓇ン℔⚺ˣ㹒㳩ᾅ做䫱炻ἳ⤪䁢⍵⮵喯 㽛䀓≃䘤暣⟜ᷳ姕䩳炻⭄嗕䷋䃉⯦㷗㽽⛘旬役䣦⋨㮹䛦䧵㤝忳ἄ炻㕤 1993 ⸜ㆸ䩳 䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨炻᷎䓙䃉⯦㷗㔯㔁Ὣ忚㚫⋼≑ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮ˣⶉ嬟ⶍἄˣ 䑘⠫妋婒䫱炷䚏忻㜘炻2001炸烊⍰⤪▱佑䷋旧慴Ⱉ悱忼⧄Ẳ察冒䃞䓇ン℔⚺炻䣦⋨

㮹䛦䧵㤝ᷣ≽⍫冯冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮炻ℙ⎴徥㯪䣦⋨䘤⯽冯䓇ンᾅ做暁岷炷㹓劙

18

‹炻2000炸烊剙咖ヽ⎌ヽ欂德忶䣦⋨䁢➢䢶䘬䭉䎮橼䲣句⮎ℙ⎴䭉䎮ˣ夷∫䓇ン潶 忻冒䃞Ṣ㔯䓇ン㘗奨⋨炷㜿泣㟪炻2005炸ˤ

ġ ġ ⽆ᶲ徘㟰ἳ⎗䞍烉忁ṃ䣦⋨⛐⍫冯䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⛐德忶㔜⎰⛐⛘䣦佌ˣ屯㸸冯 㽨⊝䣦㚫㓗㊩炻⽆侴Ὣ忚冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮㚜㚱㓰䌯炻䣦⋨⍫冯冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉 䎮䘬䴻槿炻ἧ䣦⋨⯭㮹Ḯ妋⛐⛘屯㸸ˣ䳗䧵䚠斄冒䃞屯㸸䞍嬀炻忚侴㽨䘤ᾅ嬟䔞

⛘冒䃞屯㸸䘬ねシ朊炻ἧ䣦⋨⯭㮹⽆忶⍣䘬塓㔁做侭炻德忶䑘⠫妋婒䫱㳣≽ㆸ䁢 㔁做ṾṢ侭炻⚈㬌冒䃞屯㸸䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮䴻怑䔞➡≃⎗䳗䧵ㆸ䁢䘤⯽ẍ䣦⋨䁢➢䢶 䘬䑘⠫㔁做ˤ

Ḵ

Ḵˣ䣦⋨傥≃⺢㥳

ġ ġ 䑘⠫䭉䎮暨⛐⛘䣦⋨㈽ℍ䘬ℑ⣏⍇⚈⊭㊔烉1.⛐⛘㳣≽⭮↯⼙枧䔞⛘䑘⠫烊2.

䣦⋨ㆸ⒉⮵㓡┬䣦⋨䑘⠫ˣ䓇㳣⑩岒㚱ℙ嬀炻侴天嬻䣦⋨㚱傥≃嵛ẍ䴻䆇䭉䎮䑘

⠫炻䓂军忚侴䘤⯽ẍ䣦⋨䁢➢䢶䘬䑘⠫㔁做炻⽭枰⃰⺢㥳傥≃炷building capacity炸ˤ 伶⚳䑘⠫ᾅ嬟⯨冯伶⚳彚㤕会⛐ 1996-1998 ⸜㍐≽ᶨ枭㓗㊩ẍ䣦⋨䁢➢䢶䘬䑘⠫

㔁做⎰ἄ妰䔓炻德忶⛐⛘㰢䫾冯冒栀思⬰夷䪈㍸⋯⛐⛘䣦⋨䘬䑘⠫䭉䎮傥≃炻伶

⚳䑘ᾅ⯨冯彚㤕会㈖㺼䴻㾇␴㈨埻㎜≑䘬奺刚炻ㆸ≇斄挝⚈䳈⊭㊔⽭枰侫慷䣦⋨

㔜橼炻䳸⎰䑘⠫㔁做␴䔞⛘䓇ン䭉䎮╖ỵ炻᷎忋䳸䣦⋨㯠临䘤⯽䘬䚖㧁炷⚾ 2-2炸ˤ ġ ġ ⛐伶⚳䑘ᾅ⯨␴⎰ἄ㍐⺋妰䔓䞼䨞䳸㝄ᷕ炻⮵⍫冯➡梲ẍ䣦⋨䁢➢䢶䘬䑘⠫

㔁做傥≃⺢㥳㍸↢ẍᶳ⸦溆⺢嬘烉 1. ㈧媦᷎䛇㬋⛘冯䣦⋨ᶨ崟≒≃

2. 㸾⁁⤥㓗㊩䣦⋨㈧㑼䑘⠫䭉䎮䘬屔ả 3. 䅇〱ẍ䣦⋨䁢➢䢶䘬㕡㱽

4. 䚉≃㍸⋯冒幓傥≃ἮὫ忚䣦⋨㔁做炻㍸ὃ䣦⋨ㆸ䁢㚱㓰㔁做侭㇨暨䘬屯妲㈨傥 5. Ḯ妋冒幓⛐䔞⛘䘬奺刚

6. 㚱㓰⎰ἄˣᾅ㊩忳ἄ⻰⿏

19

ġ ġ

Ὣ忚侭䡢娵 㪲 䙲 斄 Ὢ Ṣ

⛐⛘䣦⋨

姕䩳栀㘗␴䚖㧁

⎰ἄ

Ὣ忚侭冯㪲䙲䚠斄Ṣ 䳸⎰⛀橼㳣≽␴䣦⋨䚖㧁

㚱㟡㒂䘬⛀橼㳣≽烉 姽Ộ

⃒⊊

姽Ộ 暨㯪

㓞普 屯妲

⽆䣦⋨

奨溆 夷∫

㳣≽

㚱㓰䘬㔁⬠烉㔁㌰屯妲ˣ㈨埻 䘤⯽ˣㅱ䓐炻䓊䓇埴≽␴㓡嬲

⚆棳

姽Ộ

⼙枧 䣦⋨

栀㘗

␴䚖 㧁

⚾ 2-2 傥≃⺢㥳㤪⾝⚾

屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉廱丒冒 University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension-Environmental Resources Center (1998)

20

䫔

䫔⚃䭨ġ ℔䛦⍫冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙

⛐ᶲ䭨妶婾ᷕ炻⎗夳䣦⋨⛐⍫冯冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬忶䦳䔞ᷕ炻㻠㻠ↅ倂⛘

㕡㮹䛦⮵㕤㍐≽䑘⠫㔁做䘬ℙ嬀炻᷎䡢娵埴≽⍫冯侭冯⎗䓐屯㸸炻⮯䣦⋨䘤⯽䚖 㧁冯䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽栀㘗䳸⎰炻徸㬍⍂⮎䆇忈䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜➇ˣ㍐≽䑘⠫㔁做㇨

暨天䘬Ṣ≃ˣ䈑≃冯䳬䷼䴻䆇傥≃ˤ⚈㬌⎗䞍䣦⋨⎗啱䓙⛘㕡⍫冯炻徸㬍䧵䳗㍐

≽䑘⠫㔁做䘬㇨暨ᷳ㼃≃ˤ㛔䭨⮯㍊妶℞ᷕὫ忚ˣ忼⇘䣦⋨⍫冯䘬慵天ⶍ℟烉℔

䛦⍫冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙ˤ

ġ ġ ⛐⛘䎮⬠䘬⬠䥹柀➇ᷕ炻⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙䘬忳䓐⍲䞼䨞䘤⯽⣂⃫烊℞ᷕ炻⮯䨢 攻ㆾ⛘䎮屯妲冯䥹⬠ㆾ䎮婾䳸⎰炻䧙䁢⛘䎮屯妲䥹⬠炷Geographic Information Science,ġ GIScience炸炷Goodchild, 2004炸ˤGoodchild et al.炷1999炸娵䁢⛘䎮屯妲䥹

⬠㗗ᶨ攨屯妲䥹⬠炻㟡㒂屯妲㛔岒冯Ⱄ⿏䘬䥹⬠⍇⇯炻⮯℞⭂佑䁢ᶨᾳ䲣䴙䘬䞼 䨞烊⛐忁ᾳ䥹⬠柀➇ᷕ炻㚱ᶱᾳᷣ天䘬㍐≽㕡⎹炻⊭㊔䥹⬠䘬ˣ㈨埻䘬炻ẍ⍲䣦 㚫䘬㍐≽ˤ斄㕤䣦㚫朊䘬㍐≽炷ㆾ⎗䧙 GIS 冯屯妲䣦㚫炸䁢烉⤪ỽ德忶 GIS Ἦ⏰

䎦Ṣ栆ˣ䨢攻冯䑘⠫␴䣦㚫䘬䈥忋炷Sheppard et al., 1999炸炷⺽冒忋伶㘢炻2008炸ˤ ġ ġ ℔䛦澹冯⛘瀲屯妲䲣䴙炷PPGIS炸㗗䳸⎰℔䛦澹冯䱦䤆冯⛘瀲屯妲䲣䴙㈨埻炻 ἄ䁢℔ℙḳ⊁㪲䙲斄ὪṢ炷stakeholders炸㹅忂澏徘䘬⸛⎘炻℔ℙḳ⊁䘬‍ℐ㰢䫾 忶䦳㗗℔㮹䣦㚫䘬➢䢶炻忶⍣℔ℙḳ⊁ᶨ⎹㗗㓧⹄䓙ᶲ侴ᶳ䘬⮰⭞⺷㰢䫾炻役濜 㮹ᷣ⿅㼖咔≫䘤⯽炻䓙ᶳ侴ᶲ䘬⛐⛘㰢䫾ㆸ䁢ᷣ天姜㯪ˤ忶⍣䣦⋨䘤⯽忶䦳ᷕ姙

⣂妰䔓㰢䫾⣂䓙㓧⹄㨇斄ㆾ庼⮶⛀昲䓙ᶲ侴ᶳ㰢⭂ᷳ炻PPGIS 䘬↢䎦炻㍸ὃ瀈㚱 㓰䘬澹冯⸛⎘炻ἧ⯭㮹⎗ẍ⮯℞シ灘℟尉⊾炻㍸⋯㔜橼妶澏䘬䳘䶣灏炻Ṏ㚱㓰㍸

⋯℞⛐㱣瀲嬘柴ᶲ䘬⼙枧濘ˤ

ġ ġ PPGIS 忳䓐 GIS ㈨埻᷎ᶼ㈧多ˬ澹冯˭䘬瀲濱炻ẍ GIS 䁢℔䛦澹冯䘬⸛⎘炻 德忶屯妲⯽䎦ˣṌ㎃ˣ㓞普⍲ね⠫↮㜸炷scenario analysis炸䘬⨺ṳ炻㍸ὃ澹冯侭⮵

ḳẞ䘬⬠佺炷learning炸ˣ⮵娙炷dialoug炸ˣ彗嫱炷debate炸ˣ⍲⥍⋼炷compromise炸 炷Geertman, 2002炸炻忼⇘㹅忂炷Communication炸ˣ⎰ἄ炷cooperation炸ˣ⋼婧

21

炷coordination炸ˣ⍲㔜⎰炷collaboration炸炻忚侴忼⇘⮵䣦佌䘬㚨⣏娵⎴ˤ⚈㬌炻PPGIS

⶚徸㻠塓夾䁢㗗屓⽡℔ℙ澹冯䘬㓰澯⊾ⶍ℟炻ḇ㗗ↅ倂䣦佌ℙ灊冯娵⎴䘬㚱㓰㕡 㱽ˤPPGIS 䁢ỽ傥⣈㚱㓰䘬忼⇘℔ℙシ灘ℙ灊䘬ↅ倂炻Geertman炷2002炸ẍ澹冯⺷

夷∫⍲ GIS 㤪濱炻姕妰ᶨ⣿夷∫庼≑䲣䴙炷planning support system, PSS炸炻Ṿ娵䁢 忳䓐 PPGIS 䘬⃒溆ᷳᶨ⯙㗗澹冯侭⎗ẍ德忶㬌⸛⎘䌚⼿怑䔞䘬屯妲炻侴怑䔞屯妲 䘬䌚⼿㚱≑㕤⮔⺋䘬⿅侫炻ḇ⯙⭡瀮忚灖瀲⿏䘬澏嫱炻忼⇘ᶨ农䘬ℙ灊烊⽆ 1990

⸜ẋ炻PPGIS ㅱ䓐䘬䭬⚵㚜≈⺋㲃炻⽆䣦⋨␴惘慴妰∫⮵䑘⠫␴冒䃞屯㸸䭉䎮⇘

丒墥⍇ỷ㮹⁛䴙䓇ン⬠䞍嬀炻悥㚱ㅱ䓐 PPGIS 䘬㟰ἳ炷Brown炻2012炸ˤ≈㊧⣏䘬 Eagle Project (Bird, 1995)㗗忳䓐 PPGIS 㕤⍇ỷ㮹⁛䴙瀂➇婧㞍䘬ㆸ≇㟰瀃炻䦀澇 Ampiyacu 㱛瀘➇䘬⍇ỷ㮹⇯㗗ㆸ≇䘬忳䓐 PPGIS 㕤⁛䴙瀂➇ℏ䘬䴻㾇㳣≽夷∫

炷Smith, 1995烊⺽冒哉⌂㔯炻2009炸ˤ

ġ ġ Jordan炷2002炸忳䓐 PPGIS 㕤䣦⋨灂㤕䘬䴻䆇炻ẍℙ⎴墥⚾䘬㕡⺷妋㰢䇕嬘䓴 䶂䘬妪⭂炻Ṿ䘤䎦忳䓐 PPGIS 䘬㕡㱽昌瀈⎗ẍ两㈧⁛䴙⼺ㇳ丒墥⛘⚾炷sketch mapping炸䘬≇傥⢾炻潏⎗ẍ⣏ⷭ㍸㖯䳸㝄䘬䨢攻㸾䡢灏炷spatial accuracy炸炻㚱≑

㕤䛇瀲䘬⏰䎦炻Ṿ⎴㗪娵䁢 PPGIS 潏慵天䘬㗗℞忶䦳炷process炸炻侴忶䦳䘬慵溆⯙

⛐㕤澹冯炷participation炸炻澹冯侭⽆ GIS ⸛⎘䌚⍾屯妲炻᷎ᶼ⚆棳屯妲炻 䁢⼴

临妶澏䘬シ灘炷忋伶㘢炻2008炸ˤ

ġ ġ ⚳ℏㅱ䓐 PPGIS 㕤℔䛦⍫冯Ṏ㚱䚠䔞⣂㟰ἳ炻ἳ⤪ PPGIS 䳸⎰㜿⊁⯨䣦⋨㜿 㤕ㅱ䓐⛐㢖㜿㱣䎮ˣᾅ做ẍ⍲⺢㥳䣦⋨傥≃冯ℏ倂≃炻⺢䩳⍫冯⺷䴻䆇䭉䎮橼⇞炻 䣦⋨⛐冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮ᶲ⎗㈖㺼慵天奺刚炻⯌℞䔞䣦⋨ℏ悐㚱㔠䧖㪲䙲斄Ὢ侭 㗪炻PPGIS 德忶䨢攻屯妲䘬忳䓐炻忼⇘⃭↮䘬℔䛦⍫冯炻ᶼ㗗⣂⃫Ḻ≽䘬⍫冯炻 ἧ⎬㪲䙲斄Ὢ侭䘮⎗啱㬌⸛⎘㚱堐忼シ夳䘬㨇㚫炻忼⇘⃭↮㹅忂冯⋼婧炻忚侴⬴

ㆸ℟㚱ℙ嬀䘬℔ℙシ夳ˤPPGIS 䘬㓰䙲⊭㊔㍸ὃ䨢攻屯妲炷⋨➇⯢⹎ˣ⎬䧖䨢攻 屯妲䘬⣿䔲ˣ䱦㸾䘬䭬⚵冯䓴䶂炸ˣ屯妲⃚⬀ˣ䉨㱩㧉㒔ˣ䯉䔍↮㜸炻⎴㗪⎗ἄ䁢 䣦⋨忳ἄ㨇⇞䘬妶婾⸛⎘ˣ妰䔓㕥ἄ冯ㆸ㝄䘬⯽䎦ˣ忋䳸冯䷦㓰姽Ộˣ䣦⋨➡≃

22

炷忋伶㘢炻2008炸ˤ

ġ ġ 忶⍣⮵冒䃞屯㸸䘬ᾅ做䭉䎮⣂㗗䓙㓧⹄䓙ᶲ侴ᶳ夷∫䴙䯴炻1992 ⸜⛘䎫檀Ⲙ 㚫嬘␤䰚⎬⚳慵夾㮹䛦⍫冯炻ẍ⛘㕡䁢➢䢶䘬ᾅ嬟䭉䎮㤪⾝㗗⮎嶸䓇ン䭉䎮ᶵ⎗

ㆾ仢䘬ᶨ悐↮炻䲸大嗕䑘⠫ᾅ做⯨⼰㖑⌛㍉䓐ẍ⛘㕡䁢➢䢶䘬㕡⺷Ἦ⮎㕥⛘㕡冒 䃞屯㸸ᾅ做䭉䎮炻役⸜Ἦ德忶ㅱ䓐 PPGIS 䘬㕡⺷炻⛐ẍ⛘㕡䁢➢䢶䘤⯽冒䃞屯㸸 ᾅ做䭉䎮䫾䔍ᶲ炻䘤䎦 PPGIS ⎗⽆℔䛦㍸ὃ㚱シ佑䘬䨢攻屯㕁ˣ彐⇍⛘㕡屯㸸 炷Brown and Weber, 2013炸ˤ

ġ ġ ⽆ᶲ徘㔯䌣⚆栏ᷕ炻⎗䞍ㆹ⚳冒䑘⠫㔁做㱽⮎㕥⼴炻䚖⇵㬋㍐≽䑘⠫㔁做姕 㕥⟜㇨娵嫱炻昌Ḯ㖊㚱䘬䑘⠫⬠佺ᷕ⽫ᷳ⢾炻䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱⏰䎦⣂⃫⊾

䘬䎦尉炻⮵㕤忶⍣⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做㚱ᶨ⭂➢䢶䘬䣦⋨Ṏ䧵㤝䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨

娵嫱ἧ℞㍐⺋䑘⠫㔁做㚜冣⬴┬炻᷎䌚⼿㓧⹄䘬偗⭂炻嬻䣦⋨㑩㚱㊩临䘤⯽䘬≃

慷ˤ䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖⍫冯⺷䑘⠫㔁做䘬⯽䎦炻⃒列䘬䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨⽭

枰㍸ὃ㚱シ佑䘬婚䦳㳣≽嬻㔁做⍫冯侭忼⇘䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖㧁炻夷∫䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做 䚖㧁冯䔞⛘䑘⠫䈡刚䘬婚䦳㕡㟰忪ㆸ䁢䣦⋨枮⇑䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬斄 挝ᷳᶨˤ

ġ ġ 㚱揹㕤 PPGIS ⛐℔ℙ⍫冯ᶲ䘬㓰䙲炻䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做䘬䘤⯽Ṏ⊭⏓℔䛦⍫冯䱦 䤆䘬⯽䎦炻PPGIS ㅱ䓐⛐䑘⠫㔁做㕡朊炻⽆ᶲ徘㔯䌣ᷕ⎗䚳⇘⣂㗗ㅱ䓐⛐冒䃞屯 㸸婧㞍ˣ冒䃞屯㸸䴻䆇䭉䎮ˣ䑘⠫㰢䫾ˣ䑘⠫䞍奢ˣ丒墥⛘㕡䵈刚⛘⚾ˣ㔯⎚䓇 ン⛘⚾……䫱炻㛔㔯⮯妶婾 PPGIS 㔜⎰䣦⋨屯㸸冯夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ᷳㅱ䓐炻

㍊妶⠕ℏ䣦⋨⛐䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ᷕ炻ㅱ䓐 PPGIS ㇨忼⇘䘬㓰ㅱˤ

23

䫔

䫔ᶱ䪈ġ 䞼䨞㕡㱽

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ 䞼䨞㝞㥳

ġ ġ 㟡㒂䞼䨞䚖䘬炻㛔䞼䨞⮯⽆ẍᶳ㤪⾝↮㜸炷⚾ 3-1炸烉䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽军Ṳ炻㓧

⹄溻⊝姕䩳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨炻侴天⍾⼿娵嫱⽭枰℟㚱⃒岒䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻 䣦⋨㛔幓昌⭴㚱寸⭴冒䃞冯Ṣ㔯屯㸸⢾炻䓙忶⍣䣦⋨䆇忈䴻槿㇨䳗䧵⻟⣏䘬≽⒉ 䳬䷼傥≃冯寸⭴䘬⛐⛘䓇ン䞍嬀炻德忶℔䛦⍫冯㕡⺷炻⋼≑䣦⋨䳸⎰Ṣˣ姕㕥冯 䆇忳䭉䎮ᶱ天䳈炻夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻䘤㎂䑘⠫㔁做䱦䤆ˤ

⚾ 3-1ġ 䞼䨞㝞㥳⚾

䑘⠫㔁做䱦䤆ġ

姕㕥ġ 䆇忳䭉䎮ġ

Ṣġ

䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ġ

䣦⋨䆇忈䚠斄䴻槿ġ 䣦⋨䑘⠫屯㸸ġ

24

䫔

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ 䞼䨞㳩䦳冯㕡㱽

ᶨˣ䞼䨞㳩䦳

ġ ġ ⛐䡢䩳䞼䨞䚖㧁⼴炻㛔䞼䨞⚆栏䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽ˣ䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨䘤⯽冯婚 䦳㕡㟰夷∫䘬慵天⿏ˣ䣦⋨⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做ˣ℔䛦⍫冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙䎮婾炻ẍ䡢ᾅ 㛔䞼䨞䘬⭂ỵˤ⛐⮎晃㈽ℍ䞼䨞⋨⼴炻㶙ℍ娵嬀⠕ℏ䣦⋨䔞⛘䑘⠫炻吸普᷎Ḯ妋 䣦⋨忶⍣⍫冯妰䔓䘬屯㕁炻Ḯ妋䣦⋨䘬䘤⯽傰䴉炻⎴㗪啱䓙⮎晃⍫冯䣦⋨䎦㚱妰 䔓炻⽆ᷕ奨⮇䣦⋨䘬䳬䷼忳ἄ炻⛐䅇〱䣦⋨䑘⠫冯忳ἄ䉨㱩⼴炻ẍ PPGIS ⋼≑夷

∫䫎⎰䔞⛘䈡刚䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻啱䓙⍫冯奨⮇冯ḳ⼴䘬㶙⹎姒婯炻Ḯ妋䣦

⋨⤪ỽ䘤⯽婚䦳㕡㟰炻ẍ⍲䔞ᷕ⎗傥朊冐䘬⚘暋ˤ䞼䨞㳩䦳⎗夳⚾ 3-2烉

⚾ 3-2ġ 䞼䨞㳩䦳⚾

䞼䨞≽㨇

䞼䨞䚖䘬

䣦⋨⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做 㔯䌣⚆栏

PPGIS⺽ṳ冯㑵ἄ

䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨㚱䚠斄天䳈

䳸婾冯⺢嬘

⍫冯奨⮇

㶙⹎姒婯 䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫

䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做䘬➢䢶

䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽ ℔䛦⍫冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙

25

Ḵ

Ḵˣ䞼䨞㕡㱽

ġ ġ 㛔䞼䨞㍉岒⿏䞼䨞ᷕ䘬㔯䌣↮㜸Ḯ妋⚳晃冯⎘䀋䑘⠫㔁做䘤⯽䉨㱩炻ẍ⍲䑘

⠫㔁做㱽⮎㕥⼴炻㚱斄䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱㇨暨⊭⏓䘬ℏ⭡炻䡢ᾅ㌴㎉䑘

⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫䘬⍇⇯烊⎎㍉䓐⍫冯奨⮇㱽⮎晃⍫冯⠕ℏ䣦⋨⛐䘤⯽䣦⋨䑘

⠫㔁做䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬㬟䦳炻⽆ᷕ奨⮇䣦⋨⯭㮹⤪ỽ德忶℔

䛦⍫冯䘬㕡⺷夷∫䫎⎰⛐⛘䈡刚䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻⎴㗪㍉䓐㶙⹎姒婯㱽炻Ḯ 妋䣦⋨忶⍣⍫冯䣦⋨䆇忈ˣ䑘⠫㔁做䚠斄妰䔓炻慸㶭䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做䘬➢䢶冯 傰䴉炻㬌⢾᷎姒⓷⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫䘬⯭㮹炻⮵㕤ἧ䓐 PPGIS 䘬㕡⺷⛐

℔䛦妶婾ᷳ㓰䙲姽Ộˤ 炷ᶨ炸⍫冯奨⮇㱽

ġ ġ 㚨㖑ἧ䓐ˬ⍫冯奨⮇˭侭㗗⎗徥㹗⇘ 1924 ⸜䘬 Lindemann炻Lindemann ⮯奨

⮇侭↮䁢ℑ䧖烉ᶨ侭䁢⭊奨䘬奨⮇侭炻⎎ᶨ䁢⍫冯奨⮇侭炻⼴侭德忶⮎⛘奨⮇炻 䓙ℏ悐䞼䨞㔯⊾ˤ⍫冯奨⮇㗗⮎⛘奨⮇ㆾ䚜㍍奨⮇炻䞼䨞侭䁢Ḯ⮵ᶨᾳ⛀橼㚱㇨

媪䘬䥹⬠Ḯ妋炻侴⛐⛀橼ℏ⺢䩳␴䵕㊩⣂朊⎹␴攟㛇⿏斄Ὢ炻ẍ⇑䞼䨞䘬忶䦳炷⺽

傉⸤ㄏ炻2008炸ˤ

ġ ġ 䫮侭昌⮎晃⍫冯⠕ℏ䣦⋨夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬㚫嬘炻⎴㗪ḇ⍫冯䣦⋨℞

Ṿ妰䔓䘬⎬䧖婒㖶㚫炻ἳ⤪ˬ彚㛹ℵ䓇䣦⋨䈡刚䓊㤕䘤⯽妰䔓妶婾㚫˭ˣˬỶ䡛㯠 临⭞⚺㙐䣦⋨䭨傥㷃䡛埴≽㧁䪈㍐⺋婒㖶㚫˭炻ẍ⇑㶙ℍḮ妋䣦⋨䳬䷼ℏ悐忳ἄ烊

⎴㗪␴䣦⋨⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ᶨ⎴⍫≈剿㞿䷋䑘ᾅ⯨冱彎ᷳ䑘⠫㔁做⽿ⶍ➡妻婚䦳炻 Ḯ妋䚖⇵䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ≃䉨㱩烊Ṏ⣂㫉晐Ἦ姒⛀昲倥⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ṳ䳡䣦

⋨䓇ン䑘⠫炻᷎⣂㫉冒埴忚ℍ旚桐㜿冯䲭㧡㜿⋨炻䅇〱㌴㎉䔞⛘䑘⠫屯㸸䈡刚ˤ 德忶⣂㕡朊⍫冯⠕ℏ䣦⋨ḳ⊁⼴炻⛐⮎晃⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫ⶍἄ⛲炻㚜

⎗㌴㎉䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬妶婾炻Ḯ妋℞⿅䵕冯䣦⋨ℏ悐奨溆炻奨⮇℞⤪ỽ夷∫䫎⎰⛐⛘

䈡刚䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻ẍ⍲ PPGIS ⛐℔䛦⍫冯ᶲ➡≃ᷳ㓰䙲ˤ

26

炷Ḵ炸㶙⹎姒婯㱽

ġ ġ 昌德忶⍫冯奨⮇㱽忼⇘䞼䨞䚖䘬⢾炻䫮侭⎴㗪㏕惵㶙⹎姒婯炻⛐冯⍿姒⮵尉 冯Ḻ≽䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⺽䘤⍿姒侭忚埴シ夳゛㱽ᷳ堐忼炻᷎⽆ᷕ䌚⍾㇨暨屯妲ˤ 1. 姒婯朊⎹

ġ ġ 姒婯朊⎹ᷣ天⛐Ḯ妋⠕ℏ䣦⋨䆇忈㬟䦳炻Ḯ妋䣦⋨忶⍣⍫冯⒒ṃ㓧⹄╖ỵ妰 䔓炻⤈⭂Ṳ㖍䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做䘬➢䢶烊㬌⢾炻Ṏ⽆姒婯ᷕḮ妋 PPGIS ㅱ䓐⛐䑘⠫㔁 做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫䘬㓰䙲炻⎴㗪Ḯ妋䣦⋨䚖⇵䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬䉨㱩炻 ẍ⍲䣦⋨⯭㮹㛔幓⮵䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬゛㱽ˤ

2. 姒婯⮵尉

ġ ġ 姒婯⮵尉炷堐 3-1炸⊭㊔䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫シ夳柀堾ˣ⍫冯䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫

㚫嬘⯭㮹ˣ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ˤシ夳柀堾⮵䣦⋨忶⼨䘤⯽㬟䦳䅇〱炻⎗⽆ᷕḮ妋䣦⋨

忶⍣⍫冯ᷕ⼙枧慵⣏䘬慵天妰䔓炻ẍ⍲䚖⇵䣦⋨䘬䘤⯽ね㱩冯㛒Ἦ栀㘗烊⮵⍫冯 䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫㚫嬘⯭㮹姒婯炻⇯㗗Ḯ妋䣦⋨⯭㮹㛔幓⮵䑘⠫㔁做䘬娵䞍炻

⮵㛒Ἦ䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚳㱽烊㚨⼴炻姒婯䣦⋨ᷕ℟䓇ン䑘⠫⮰㤕䞍嬀䘬⮶奥 妋婒Ṣ⒉炻Ḯ妋℞⮵ PPGIS ㅱ䓐⛐夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬䚳㱽炻ẍ⍲㛒Ἦ䣦⋨

㫚冒埴夷∫婚䦳㗪炻⎗傥怕忯䘬⚘暋冯旸⇞ˤ

堐 3-1ġ 姒婯⮵尉ᶨ奥堐

ẋ䡤 ⍿姒侭 姒婯㖍㛇

A ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/25 B 䣦⋨⯭㮹 2013/8/25 C ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/25 D ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/26 E ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/26 F 䣦⋨⯭㮹 2013/8/26

27

G 䣦⋨⯭㮹 2013/8/26 H ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/26 I ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/26 J 䘤⯽⋼㚫シ夳柀堾 2013/8/27 K ⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉ 2013/8/27 ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ

3. 姒婯夷∫

ġ ġ 㛔䞼䨞姒婯㍉ᶨ⮵ᶨ㕡⺷忚埴炻冯⍿姒侭䲬⛐䣦⋨㳣≽ᷕ⽫ἄ䁢姒婯⛘溆炻 䓙㕤㗗⍿姒侭䅇〱䘬䑘⠫炻⛐婒㖶⬴䞼䨞≽㨇ˣ䚖䘬ˣ⽝㯪⍿姒侭⎴シ⼴炻⍿姒 侭⣂傥ἫἫ侴婯ˤ姒婯㗪攻ᷣ天㗗⛐䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫⬴ㆸ⼴⮎㕥炻ẍὧ⽆

ᷕḮ妋⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做䘬➢䢶冯㚱斄⚈䳈ˤ ᶱ

ᶱˣ䞼䨞侭奺刚䓴⭂

ġ ġ ⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻䁢Ḯ妋⠕ℏ䣦⋨⤪ỽ䘤⯽夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻昌ḮḮ妋䣦

⋨忶⍣䘤⯽㬟䦳冯傰䴉ᷳ⢾炻䫮侭Ṏ⮎晃⍫冯⠕ℏ䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫䘬 忶䦳炻⽆ᷕ奨⮇䣦⋨䘬忳ἄ炻⎴㗪ḇ㈖㺼ⷞ忚℔䛦⍫冯⛘䎮屯妲䲣䴙䘬㈨埻㑵ἄ 侭ˤ

ġ ġ ⇅㫉忚ℍ䣦⋨㗗晐䞼䨞⛀昲炻⛐⮶奥妋婒⒉䯉天ṳ䳡䣦⋨䑘⠫⼴炻᷎冱埴䫔 ᶨ㫉ⶍἄ⛲炻⌛⼴炻䁢傥⾓忇圵ℍ䔞⛘䣦⋨ˣ⣏慷㍍妠䣦⋨⯭㮹炻⋲⍫冯㕘䪡㔁 做⣏⬠⛐⠕ℏ䣦⋨冱彎䘬悱⛇䆇㳣≽炻⛐ᶱ⣑䘬㳣≽忶䦳ᷕ炻⇅㬍娵嬀䓇ン⮶奥 妋婒Ṣ⒉炻᷎冯妋婒⒉ᶨ⎴⍫≈剿㞿䷋㓧⹄䑘ᾅ⯨冱彎䘬䑘⠫㔁做⽿ⶍㆸ攟ˣ䈡 㬲妻䶜婚䦳炻⼴临㭷䔞㚱⍫姒⛀橼Ἦ⇘⠕ℏ䣦⋨炻ḇ悥晐⎴⮶奥妋婒Ṣ⒉埴≽炻 昌⎗嬻䫮侭㚜⮎晃Ḯ妋䣦⋨䉨㱩炻ḇ傥彭忇圵ℍ妋婒⒉䘬埴䦳㳣≽炻⺢䩳ᾉả斄 Ὢ炻䁢ᷳ⼴冱彎ⶍἄ⛲⺢䩳列⤥⣍Ờ斄Ὢ炻⎴㗪ḇ⎗䚜㍍奨⮇妋婒⒉⛐䑘⠫㔁做 䘬⮎嶸ね⼊ˤ⚈㬌炻䫮侭⛐䞼䨞忶䦳ᷕ⎴㗪℟㚱⍫冯侭冯奨⮇侭䘬暁慵幓↮ˤ

28

䫔

䫔⚃䪈ġ ⠕ℏ䣦⋨䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰夷∫

ġ ġ 㛔䪈䫔ᶨ䭨⮯㔀徘⠕ℏ䣦⋨⛐㛔䞼䨞㛇攻夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬忶䦳炻⊭

㊔㛔䞼䨞⤪ỽ㑵ἄ PPGISˣ䞼䨞㛇攻冱彎ᷳⶍἄ⛲ℏ⭡冯䣦⋨夷∫ᷳ婚䦳㕡㟰ㆸ 㝄烊⽆䫔ᶨ䭨婚䦳夷∫䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻Ḯ妋⠕ℏ䣦⋨㑩㚱寸⭴䘬冒䃞屯㸸炻䫔Ḵ䭨ḇ

⮯㍊妶⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘬䘤⯽傰䴉炻⽆䣦⋨䳬䷼䘬ㆸ䩳ˣ忳ἄ冯忶⍣⍫冯䘬⎬栆㓧⹄妰 䔓炻Ḯ妋⠕ℏ䣦⋨䘬䣦⋨䆇忈ˣ䳬䷼忳ἄˣṢ≃屯㸸䫱䉨㱩炻㍊妶⠕ℏ䣦⋨⤪ỽ

⮯忶⼨䣦⋨䆇忈䴻槿廱⊾䁢䚖⇵䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱䘬忶䦳烊䫔ᶱ䭨妶婾

⛐⠕ℏ䣦⋨忶⍣䘤⯽ᷳᶳ炻⤈⭂䎦⛐䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做䘬➢䢶炻᷎㍸↢䣦⋨⛐䘤⯽䑘

⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨㇨暨℟⁁䘬䚠斄天䳈ˤ

29

䫔

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ 夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰

㛔䭨⮯婾徘⠕ℏ䣦⋨夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳䘬≽㨇冯忶䦳炻ẍ⍲䣦⋨⤪ỽ⇑䓐 PPGIS夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰炻ẍ⍲婚䦳夷∫䘬⇅㬍ㆸ㝄ˤ

ᶨˣ婚䦳夷∫≽㨇

ġ ġ ⠕ℏ䣦⋨㍐↢Ḽ埴ᷳ㕭䫱㕭忲妰䔓炻农≃㍐扟䔞⛘奨⃱屯㸸炻娎⚾䘤⯽䔞⛘

奨⃱㕭忲炻᷎德忶⟙䪈暄娴⟙⮶ˣ冯䔞⛘梗⸿⎰ἄ䫱㕡⺷⏠⺽忲⭊⇵Ἦ炻㛇㛃⎗

䁢䣦⋨ⷞἮ䴻㾇㓰䙲炻㓡┬䣦⋨䑘⠫ˣ㍸ὃ⛐⛘⯙㤕㨇㚫炻嬻⸜庽Ṣ⎗ẍ䔁⛐⭞

悱ˤ䃞侴⮎晃ㆸ㓰ᶵ⼘炻德忶忁ṃ⏠⺽Ἦ忲䍑䘬⣂㗗㔋⭊炻㈋昌梸梚ˣ妋婒⒉屣 䓐䫱ㆸ㛔⼴℞⮎㇨检ᶵ⣂炻䣦⋨ⶴ㛃傥⣈㚜㚱㓰䌯⏠⺽㚜⣏夷㧉䘬忲⭊忚ℍ䔞⛘

㕭忲炻⡆≈䣦⋨䴻㾇㓞ℍ䘬⎴㗪⍰⎗ℤ栏䔞⛘䓇ン炻⚈㬌厴䓇䘤⯽䓇ン㕭忲䘬⾝

柕炻晐叿䑘⠫㔁做㱽䘬⮎㕥炻䣦⋨䘤䎦⍾⼿䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱㗗ᾳ⎗ẍ⡆≈

忲⭊慷䘬㕡⺷炻䣦⋨劍傥⍾⼿娵嫱炻德忶㍸ὃ⬴┬䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳ˣ䑘⠫㔁做㳣

≽橼槿炻ᶨ㕡朊⎗⏠⺽㚱䑘⠫㔁做㗪㔠娵嫱䘬忲⭊⇵Ἦ炻⎴㗪⍰⎗⡆≈䔞⛘䴻㾇 㓞ℍˣ⡆忚⣏䛦⮵䣦⋨寸⭴䓇ン屯㸸䘬娵嬀ˤ

ġ ġ ⚈㬌炻⠕ℏ䣦⋨攳⥳䁢䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱㸾⁁炻Ḯ妋䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做 姕㕥⟜㇨娵嫱㇨暨屯㟤冯㡅ẞ炻㖊㚱䘬妋婒⮶奥⒉ḇ攳⥳㸾⁁䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕 Ṣ⒉䘬娵嫱炻᷎䧵㤝⍫冯㓧⹄㨇斄冱彎䚠斄䑘⠫㔁做⽿ⶍ妻䶜婚䦳ˤ

Ḵˣ婚䦳夷∫傥≃➡梲

ġ ġ ⃀䭉䣦⋨⛐䳬䷼忳ἄ冯䓇ン⮰㤕䞍嬀ᶲ℟㚱列⤥➢䢶炻㜿⊁⯨妰䔓攳姕⎬栆 㔁做妻䶜婚䦳炻ἧ⠕ℏ䣦⋨Ḯ妋䔞⛘冒䃞屯㸸䈡刚炻ḇ德忶䶐墥䑘⠫䓇ン⮶奥妋 婒ㇳℲ⍲㔯⭋炻ἧ⛘㕡⯭㮹℟㚱⮶奥妋婒䔞⛘䓇ン屯㸸䘬傥≃炻䃞侴⛐⮎晃天㍐

≽䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做䚖㧁䘬婚䦳㕡㟰ṵ㚱ⶖ嶅ˤ

ġ ġ 忶⍣䓇ン⮶奥妋婒⒉㚱デ䔞⛘䑘⠫䘬䈡㬲⿏炻⿍㕤゛天⮯⣏慷䘬䓇ン䞍嬀㿴

30

廠䴎忲⭊炻䃞侴㬌冱⌣㳩㕤䞍嬀䘬㿴廠炻㚱檀⹎冰嵋侭⯂㚫冯ᷳḺ≽ˣ冰农䙶䃞炻 Ữᶨ凔Ṣ⛐倥忶ṳ䳡ᷳ⼴傥姀ỷ䘬⎗傥ᶵ⣂炻䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖䘬᷎朆⣏慷䞍嬀䘬㿴 廠炻侴㗗叿慵嬻Ṣ㚱デ≽䘬デ奢炻㗗ᶨ䧖奨⾝ᶲ䘬廱嬲炻嬻⍫冯侭⚈⍿⇘デ≽ˣ

┇䘤炻侴䘤冒ℏ⽫䘬゛天Ḯ妋炻䓂军㓡嬲℞埴䁢炻⽆侴䛇㬋忼⇘䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖㧁ˤ ġ ġ 䓙㕤ᶨ凔䣦⋨㛒⽭℟㚱䑘⠫㔁做⮰㤕Ṣ⒉屯㟤炻⽆姒婯ᷕ⼿䞍忁ḇ㗗⮵䣦⋨

㫚䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ˣ䓛婳䑘⠫㔁做⟜㇨姕㕥娵嫱㚨デ⚘暋嗽ᷳᶨ炻⚈㱽㡅

ᷕ夷⭂枰㚱㬋⺷⮰㤕Ṣ⒉炻晾⎗德忶⢾倀⮰㤕Ṣ⒉⼿⇘㱽⼳ᶲ䘬忂忶炻Ữ⢾倀䘬

⮰㤕Ṣ⒉⮵䔞⛘䘬䝕妋㛒⤪䣦⋨㮹䛦Ἦ⼿㶙炻⛐⛘䞍嬀ᶵ嵛炻傥⏎夷∫↢䫎⎰℟

䔞⛘䈡刚ᶼ㗗⎗䓙䔞⛘㮹䛦Ἦ⮎㕥䘬婚䦳㕡㟰㚱⼭⓮㥟炻㫚妋㰢忁悐↮暋柴㚱岜 㓧⹄䘬庼⮶炻嬻忁ṃ㚱䚠斄䴻槿侭➡妻⼴⬠佺䑘⠫㔁做䘬䱦䤆⼴炻德忶娵嫱⍾⼿

⮰㤕Ṣ⒉屯㟤炻⋼≑䣦⋨䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做炻⚈㬌剿㞿䷋㓧⹄䑘ᾅ⯨㍐↢ᶨ䲣↿䑘⠫

㔁做⽿ⶍㆸ攟ˣ䈡㬲妻䶜婚䦳炻㛇傥㍸ὃ䣦⋨⮎㕥䑘⠫㔁做䘬傥≃ˤ

ġ ġ 䫮侭⮎晃冯䣦⋨䓇ン⮶奥妋婒⒉ℙ⎴ᶲ婚炻᷎㕤ḳ⼴姒婯⼿䞍炻忁ṃ㔁做妻 䶜婚䦳䘬䡢⮵䣦⋨㮹䛦㚱⼰⣏䘬≑䙲炻⊭㊔Ḯ妋䑘⠫㔁做䘬⬿㖐炻⤪ỽ忼⇘䑘⠫

㔁做䘬䚖㧁炻ẍ⍲䑘⠫㔁做㳣≽婚䦳䎮⾝姕妰冯⮎⊁㑵ἄ炻德忶嫃ⷓ婚➪妋徘ˣ

⮎晃㇞⢾橼槿㳣≽䘬䣢䭬炻嬻⯭㮹⮵⤪ỽ⮎㕥䑘⠫㔁做ᶵℵデ⇘旴䓇炻➡梲䣦⋨

䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰䘬ᾉ⽫ˤ

Ȩ΢ֹፐϐࡕωޕၰǴচٰךॺа߻೭ኬ΋ޔᖱᖱᖱǴόࢂ੿ޑћᕉნ

௲ػ……ځჴգӧᖱޑਔং࣮ၯ࠼ޑϸᔈΨޕၰǴԖ٤ࡕٰਥҁ൩و௞

ؒӧ᠋Α……ȩȐڙೖޣ Aȑ

Ȩ౜ӧޕၰεཷा࡛ሶ଺ǴΨࢂ੿ޑ׆ఈךॺ೭ᜐ೭ሶᙦ൤ޑғᄊၗྍ

ёа೏׳ӭΓᇡ᛽Ǵ྽ฅǴΨ׆ఈെଆεৎჹᕉნߥػޑख़ຎǶȩȐڙ

ೖޣ Bȑ

31

ġ ġ 㖊㚱䘬妋婒⮶奥䲣䴙ṵ枰德忶怑䔞廱⊾炻㕡⎗ㆸ䁢䑘⠫㔁做妋婒䘬ᶨ悐ấ炻

℞ᷕᷣ天䘬斄挝⯙⛐㕤⮶奥妋婒䘬ℏ⭡⽭枰䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做䘬䚖㧁炻⮯寸⭴䘬䓇ン 䞍嬀廱䁢⮵忲⭊ˣ⍫姒侭㚱シ佑䘬ℏ⭡ˤἳ⤪⛐妶婾ˬ冯圫垡ℙ准˭䘬婚䦳ℏ⭡

㗪炻忶⍣妋婒⒉⣂㗗ṳ䳡⎬䧖㱛⎋㽽⛘䘬圫垡炻⊭㊔⎬䧖圫垡䘬⎵䧙ˣ彐⇍䈡⽝…

䫱炻侴䪡⋿䲭㧡㜿㽽⛘圫垡䧖栆⣂忼㔠⋩䧖炻忲⭊℞⮎暋ẍ⛐䞕㗪攻ℏ⏠㓞⣏慷 圫垡䘬⮰㤕䞍嬀炻⚈㬌妋婒䘬慵溆ᶵㅱℐ㗗圫垡䘬ˬ䘦䥹䞍嬀˭炻侴㗗⎗ẍ怠㑯ṳ 䳡悐↮圫垡彐嬀冯奨⮇㈨ⶏ炻妋婒圫垡䘬ᶨ䓇冯䈡⿏炻⻟婧℞冯䑘⠫ℙ䓇䘬斄Ὢ烊 侴㬌嗽㑩寸⭴䘬圫垡䧖栆炻ḇ⎗嬻忲⭊Ḯ妋ᶵ⎴䧖栆圫垡䓇攟䘬㢚⛘䈡⿏ᶵ䚉䚠

⎴ˤ啱䓙剿㞿䷋䑘ᾅ⯨䘬妻䶜婚䦳炻⊭㊔嫃ⷓ冱䘬⎬䧖⮎ἳ冯䣢䭬妋婒㕡⺷炻嬻

⠕ℏ䣦⋨⮶奥妋婒⒉⮵ỽ媪䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做䘬䑘⠫妋婒庫䁢Ḯ妋炻⛐夷∫䣦⋨䑘⠫

㔁做婚䦳䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻妋婒⒉ḇ㚫㩊妶忶⍣䘬妋婒㕡⺷ˣ⼤㬌妶婾庫怑⎰䘬妋婒ℏ

⭡炻

ġ ġ ⛐䘤⯽䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ᷳ⇅炻椾⃰枰妪⭂䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做⬿㖐䘬⣏䵙䚖㧁炻

᷎枰侫慷⮵尉ᶵ⎴侴夷∫ᶵ⎴䘬㕡㟰㳣≽炻忁䧖ᶵ⎴栆✳冯⣂㧋⊾䘬㕡㟰冯㳣≽炻

ᷫ㗗⏰䎦ἄ䁢䑘⠫㔁做⟜㇨姕㕥䘬⣂⃫䈡⿏ˤ⠕ℏ䣦⋨㛔幓㑩㚱寸⭴䘬䓇ン屯㸸炻 天忼ㆸᶵ⎴栆✳ㅱᶵ⚘暋炻Ữ⤪ỽ憅⮵ᶵ⎴⮵尉姕妰ᶵ⎴䚖㧁⍾⎹䘬婚䦳ℏ⭡炻 ἳ⤪⇵徘㚱斄圫垡䘬妋婒炻朊⮵⬑䪍ˣ檀ᷕ䓇ˣ⣏⬠䓇ˣㆸṢᷫ军奒⫸⛀䫱⎬䧖 ᶵ⎴栆✳䘬⮵尉炻妋婒ℏ⭡ㅱ㚱怑⹎婧㔜炻⛐朊⮵℟庫檀䞍嬀㯜⸛䘬⮵尉⤪檀ᷕ

䓇ㆾ䚠斄䥹䲣⣏⬠䓇炻⛐ṳ䳡ᶵ⎴䧖栆圫垡䓇攟䘬㢚⛘䈡⿏炻ㆾ姙⎗娎⚾忋䳸ˬ䓇 䈑⋨ỵ˭(niche)䘬㤪⾝炻䫮侭⛐⍫冯婚䦳夷∫忶䦳ᷕ䘤䎦炻忁悐↮⮵䣦⋨侴妨Ụ᷶

庫䁢⚘暋炻⛐⮎晃⮶奥妋婒忶䦳ᷕ炻ḇ䘤䎦妋婒⒉晾䃞㚫ὅ⮵尉侴㚱妋婒ℏ⭡㶙 㶢ᷳ↮炻Ữ㚱㗪ṵ㚫㳩㕤⎴㧋䘬ṳ䳡烊㬌⢾炻⛐橼槿㳣≽悐↮ḇ庫䁢仢᷷炻⮹㔠

⸦枭橼槿㳣≽ἳ⤪⛐旚桐㜿嗽䣢䭬⤪ỽ↮彐㕗㮷䳓㔹圞炻妋婒⒉㚫⛐ᶵ ⭛䳓㔹 圞䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻㋽㋱䳓㔹圞嬻⍫姒侭⎗⮎晃奨⮇炻⼨⼨⎗⺽崟⍫姒侭檀⹎冰嵋炻忚 侴⍣娵嬀圜圞䓇ン冯㢚⛘ᾅ做䘬慵天⿏炻䃞侴㬌冱⎗傥䓊䓇䇕嬘炻⚈⎗傥㚫⼙枧

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⇘䳓㔹圞䓇ン炻忁ḇ㗗䎦㚱妋婒ℏ⭡⛐廱嬲䁢䑘⠫㔁做橼槿㳣≽㗪⽭枰婧㔜ᷳ

嗽ˤ

ᶱ

ᶱˣ䑘⠫㔁做嬘柴䘬怠⭂

ġ ġ 䑘⠫㔁做䘬嬘柴⼰⣂炻媠⤪烉冒䃞ᾅ做炷䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏ˣ⢾Ἦ䧖ˣ䓇䈑㪲炸ˣ℔

⭛旚㱣炷㴟㲳㰁㝻ˣ䓇ンⶍ䦳ˣ梇⑩⬱ℐ炸ˣ䀥⭛旚㓹炷㯜⛇ᾅ㊩炸ˣ㯋῁嬲怟炷ℐ 䎫㘾⊾炸ˣ䑘⠫⍲屯㸸䭉䎮炷ℵ䓇傥㸸ˣ㱁㻈⊾ˣ㚱㨇彚㤕ˣ慴Ⱉ䱦䤆炸ˣ㔯⊾ᾅ

⬀炷⍇ỷ㮹炸ˣ䣦⋨⍫冯炷䓇ン㕭忲炸䫱ℓ⣏柀➇炷埴㓧昊䑘ᾅ会䑘⠫忂妲䵚炻2014炸炻

⛐婚䦳夷∫忶䦳ᷕ炻枰侫慷婚䦳㕡㟰ℏ⭡天䫎⎰䑘⠫㔁做䚖㧁炻婚䦳㕡㟰ℏ⭡ḇ

⽭枰䫎⎰⛐⛘屯㸸炻昛⬇⹟炷2012炸㊯↢炻䣦⋨㘖念⮵䑘⠫㔁做䘬㤪⾝ㆾ⭂佑ᶲ ᶵ⣈Ḯ妋炻㘖念⮯䑘⠫㔁做䨬⊾䁢䵈伶⊾ˣ䣦⋨㶭㻼ˣ✫⛦↮栆屯㸸⚆㓞ˣ䭨 傥㷃䡛䫱䑘ᾅⶍἄ炻䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䑘⠫㔁做䘬⭂佑᷎朆悥⋩↮㶭㤂炻⚈㬌ᷳ⇵䣦⋨

⍫冯䘬䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳妻䶜㚜栗慵天炻性⃵⛐夷∫䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳ᷕ炻Ὗ旸䈡⭂嬘 柴ˤ

ġ ġ ⠕ℏ䣦⋨䓙㕤忶⍣叿慵⛐冒䃞屯㸸ᾅ做炻⚈㬌⮶奥妋婒⒉⛐怠㑯䑘⠫㔁做嬘 柴庫⁦⎹怠㑯㶙℟䔞⛘䈡刚䘬䳓㔹圞䷩㬾⛘ˣ㴟Ⱡ旚桐㜿ˣ䪡⋿䲭㧡㜿…䫱冒䃞 ᾅ做嬘柴炻ᶨἮ㗗忁ṃ⮶奥妋婒⒉庫䁢䅇〱䘬嬘柴炻ḴἮ㗗⮵℞Ṿ䑘⠫㔁做嬘柴 䘬ᶵ䅇〱ˤ

ġ ġ 㬌⢾炻⣂⃫⯙㤕㕡㟰䘬䴻䎮冯⮶奥妋婒⒉⮵䑘⠫嬘柴䘬怠㑯ᷫ军䑘⠫㔁做婚 䦳㕡㟰夷∫㚱㬏夳炻䴻䎮娵䁢䑘⠫㔁做婚䦳㕡㟰ㅱ⎗惵⎰䣦⋨䘬Ḽ埴䓇ンᷳ㕭炻

᷎徽埴夷∫ᶨ⣿婚䦳炻䃞侴⮶奥妋婒⒉娵䁢㬌⣿婚䦳ᶵ䫎⎰⮎晃㑵ἄ䉨㱩炻⊭㊔

⮎晃妋婒䘬ℏ⭡㚱㗪攻ㆾ⬋䭨䘬旸⇞ˣ䁢侫慷⮎晃嶗䶂埴䦳䘬⬱㌺炻≈ᶲ⃰⇵⮶

奥妋婒⒉冯䴻䎮⚈㍍⼭忲⭊⼴炻冯屈屔⮶奥妋婒䘬Ṣ⒉⛐䲬⭂⮶奥妋婒㗪攻ˣℏ

⭡㕡朊炻⣂㫉㹅忂ᶵἛ䓊䓇婌妋炻嬻悐↮⮶奥妋婒⒉⮵℞㰺㚱ᾉ⽫炻侴䴻䎮⍰㛒 栏ㄖ⇘⤪㻚徨㼖㗪攻䫱䳘䭨炻ẍ农忲⭊⛐㻚㼖㗪㭝⇘忼䲭㧡㜿㽽⛘炻䃉㱽奨岆⇘