南海內波對自營性超微浮游生物24小時週期分布之影響研究

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୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢ౛Ꮲଣੇࢩࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎ

Institute of Oceanography, College of Science

National Taiwan University Master thesis

ࠄੇϣݢჹԾᔼ܄ຬ༾ੌෞғނ24λਔ

ຼයϩѲϐቹៜࣴز

Internal wave impacts on the diel patterns of picophytoplankton in the South China Sea

ഡॡ㮂 Wei-Kun Fu

ࡰᏤ௲௤ȅহൺ୯ റγ Adviser:Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 103 ԃ 7 Д June 2014

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i

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ

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ii

ठ ठᖴ

޸ΑӳεޑЈΚಖܭֹԋΑ೭΋ጇፕЎǴډԜϝ᝺ளߚதόёࡘ᝼Ǵךགྷ೭ ൩ࢂѳਔոΚહસǴฅࡕНډ෤ԋޑག᝺փ"२ӃךाགᖴךޑࡰᏤԴৣ!হൺ୯

௲௤ǴԴৣό໻ޕ᛽సറǵՉ٣ࡉᓨ॥፪ǴᆶԴৣಠϺޑၸำύதத཮Ј΋ઢǴ ӧᅺγ੤ٿԃޑၸำύό໻ӧᏢೌ΢ᆶ଺Γೀ٣΢೿ڙ੻ؼӭǴࢂᏢғᏢಞޑڂ ጄǶགᖴα၂ہ঩!ഋҸӓԴৣᆶጯ୯ѳԴৣǴᖴᖴԴৣჹፕЎвಒቩ᎙Ǵ٠ගٮ Α೚ӭᝊ຦ޑࡌ᝼ǴᡣךૈԖ׳ֻᢀޑᢀᗺٰᔠຎךޑࣴزǴ٬ளፕЎ׳уֹ᏾Ƕ!

!!!!ᖴᖴٿԃٰӧࣴز࠻ഉՔךޑუՔॺǴவന߃ޑढ़ғډനࡕ൩Ⴝࢂ΋ৎΓ΋

ኬǴ٬ךӧᅺ੤ғࢲ္வό஍ჰǴᖴᖴے኷ǵࡿևǵك࠶ǵ३܃ǵλቢǵ୯ྍǵ ΪޱǵJessieӧᏢೌࣴز΢๏ϒךޑགྷݤǴᖴᖴεৎ೿ࡐԖऐЈޑࡰᗺך೭ঁችਥ όӳޑᏢ׌ǶΨᖴᖴᏢߏǵᏢۆॺғࢲ࿶ᡍޑϩ٦ǴᡣךჹᏢೌаѦޑ٣௃Ԗ׳

ӭޑΑှǶࣴز࠻рੇ௦ኬޑၸำᗨฅٌधǴ؂፩ޑૐำ೿ࢂךᅺ੤ғࢲڅମሎ ЈޑӣᏫǴૐำ่״ਔ೿ԖᅿΓғೀೀкᅈ׆ఈޑག᝺Ǵ҅य़ૈໆᅈᅈߓǶךΨ

཮ᚶۺۓයᆨᆧН৤ޑ௦ኬǴᆶᏢߏǵᏢۊॺϷѠεޑუՔ΋ଆոΚ܎НǴಕޑ ਔࡕ൩ϕ࣬Ѻ቏ઍǴᖱ΋٤ڱ֣၉ב૶ੲമǴฅࡕύϱӆ໒Јޑ΋ଆϱᓓǶૈ୼

ᆶჴᡍ࠻ޑεৎӅӕᏟରǴࢂך΋ޔࡐ٦ڙޑ٣௃ǴΨགᖴჴᡍ࠻ᡣךԖ೭ᅿᜤ ளޑрੇ࿶ᡍǶᖴᖴٵᆺǵ෕Ճǵ኷Ԯǵ์఼ǵMjtbǵЎଈǵᔎറǵዐറǴགᖴ գॺӧࣴزᆶғࢲ΢܌๏ϒޑڐշǴ੿ޑߚதᖴᖴεৎჹךྣ៝Ƕ!

!!!!!!നࡕགᖴךᒃངޑৎΓॺǴᖴᖴԴݿԴ༰ٌधޑ௲ػǴჹܭךғࢲ΢ޑЍ

࡭аϷх৒Ǵᡣךёа஑ЈޑֹԋᏢ཰ǴؒԖգॺӧङࡕޑЍ࡭Ǵךёૈคݤ໩

ճֹԋ೭ঁ໘ࢤޑᏢՏԋ൩Ǵჹգॺ///੿ޑԖϼӭϼӭᇥόֹޑགᖴΑǶ!

!

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ᄔ ᄔा

ҁ ࣴ ز Ь ा ௖ ૸ ࠄ ੇ ϣ ݢ ჹ Ծ ᔼ ܄ ຬ ༾ ੌ ෞ ғ ނ х ࡴ Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus Ϸ Picoeukaryotesϐ24λਔຼයϩթϐቹៜǶҁࣴزӧ2012~2013 ԃ໔ӧࠄੇԖόӕނ౛੝܄ޑෳᗺ຾ՉΑ7ঁ24λਔຼයࣴزǶϩձࢂ΢ᖐࠠϣݢ ቹៜ୔ (4ઠ)Ǵ؈फ़ࠠϣݢቹៜ୔ (1ઠ)ǴаϷคϣݢ܈১ϣݢቹៜ (2ઠ)Ǵځύ ࡕٿ୔ނ౛ᕉნచҹ࣬՟Ǵ೏ᘜᜪࣁ௓ڋಔǴځᎩࣁϣݢቹៜಔǶ่݀ว౜

Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ӧϣ ݢቹៜ ಔځ ుࡋ ᑈϩѳ ֡ॶ ޑᕴѳ֡ॶ (19.92 ×10³ Ϸ 3.76 ×10³cells ml^-1)ࣁ௓ڋಔ (4.05×10³ Ϸ 1.53 ×10³cells ml^-1) ኧໆ ޑΟ७а΢ǹԶProchlorococcusޑᙦࡋᡂϯ߾ࢂᆶ΢ॊٿޣև౜࣬ϸޑ௃׎Ǵӧ΢

ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜ୔ኧໆ෧Ͽ (28.68 ×10³cells ml^-1)Ǵܭ௓ڋಔԖၨଯޑኧໆϩѲ (52.17 ×10³cells ml^-1) Ƕ΢ॊ่݀ک߻Γޑᢀᗺ࣬՟ǴӧӀྣᆶྕࡋచҹкىਔǴ Synechococcusܭ൤ᔼᎦᡶ୔ԖၨӭޑኧໆǴ Prochlorococcus߾ӧᔼᎦᡶեޑᕉნ

ኧໆၨӭǴPicoeukaryotesғނໆϐޜ໔ᡂ୏ᆶSynechococcusᜪ՟ǴՠPicoeukaryotes ಔԋፄᚇǴՖᅿғᄊӢηቹៜځғނᡂ୏ۘ҂ှܴǶޜ໔ϩѲ΢ǴԾᔼ܄ғނЬ

ा ϩ Ѳ ܭ ៌ ቫ ϐ ΢ ( ྕ ࡋ ଯ ܭ 20^ǶC)Ǵ Synechococcus ෈ ৲ ୃ ӛ ߄ ቫ Ǵ ProchlorococcusЬा෈৲ܭԛ߄ቫǴ௢ෳёૈᆶӀமࡋܢᑇᐒڋԖᜢǶ᏾ᡏԶقǴ

ӧϣݢቹៜಔڙډ΢ᖐࠠϣݢ஥ٰ൤ᔼᎦᡶੇНޑቹៜǴ٬ளୃӳଯᔼᎦᡶޑ

Synechococcus ᆶPicoeukaryotesԖၨଯޑኧໆϩթǴࣁܿ؅ᕉᕛߕ߈ޑЬाᓬ༈ނ

ᅿǶҁጇࣴز่݀ᡉҢܿ؅ᕉᕛڙࠄੇϣݢޑቹៜǴຬ༾ੌෞғނޑಔԋᆶࠄύ ୯ੇਔ໔ׇӈઠ (SEATSઠ) և౜ֹӄόӕޑ௃׎Ǵᇥܴϣݢࢲ୏ჹܭܿ؅ᕉᕛғ ᄊسԖ๱࣬྽ख़ाޑቹៜΚǶ

ᜢᗖຒ;ࠄੇϣݢǵຬ༾ੌෞғނǵܿ؅ᕉᕛǵᔼᎦᡶǵࠄύ୯ੇਔ໔ׇӈઠ!

!!!!!!!!

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Abstract

The South China Sea (SCS) is famous for its internal waves (IWs). To explore its impacts on the diel distribution patterns of picophytoplankton, including Synechococcus , Prochlorococcus and Picoeukaryotes, a total of seven anchored

studies were conducted during the period of 2012~2013 in the SCS areas with different physical conditions. These are areas subjected to elevation IWs (4 sites), depression IWs (1 site) and weak or no IWs (2 sites). The latter two areas serve as the control sites.

Results indicated that Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes showed higher abundance in elevation IWs sites (19.92 ×10³ and 3.76 ×10³ cells ml^-1, respectively) than in depression and no IWs sites (4.05 ×10³and 1.53 ×10³cells ml^-1, respectively). The depth-integrated averaged abundance values of Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes increased 5- and 2.5-fold higher than control sites, respectively. Prochlorococcus showed a contrast pattern with much lower abundance in the elevation IWs sites. Our moored buoy data indicated that the IWs occurred mostly during the flood-tide period.

Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes abundance showed similar pattern with the tide

cycle, suggesting that the limiting inorganic nutrients brought up to the upper-water column by the elevation IWs might have stimulated the growth of Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes.

Key word : South China Sea , picophytoplankton , internal waves , Synechococcus , Prochlorococcus , Picoeukaryotes

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Ҟ Ҟᒵ

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ ... i

ठᖴ ... ii

ᄔा ... iii

मЎᄔा ... iv

߄Ҟᒵ ... vi

კҞᒵ ...vii

ߕᒵ ... viii

߻ق ... 1

׷਑ᆶБݤ ... 4

่݀ ... 8

૸ፕ ... 15

่ፕ ... 21

ୖԵЎ᝘ ... 22

߄ӈ ... 27

კӈ ... 37

ߕᒵ ... 49

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vi

߄ ߄Ҟᒵ

߄ ΋ǺӚઠϐғނୖኧుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶᆶᡂБϩ݋ᔠۓ่݀Ƕ ... 27

߄ Β:ӚઠϐНЎୖኧుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶᆶᡂБϩ݋ᔠۓ่݀Ƕ ... 28

߄ Ο:Ӛෳઠྕࡋᆶځдୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ ... 29

߄ ѤǺӚෳઠယᆘનᆶځдୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ ... 30

߄ ϖǺӚෳઠฮለᡶᆶӚୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ ... 31

߄ ϤǺӚෳઠᕗለᡶᆶځдୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ ... 32

߄ ΎǺӚෳઠ Synechococcus ᆶځдୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ ... 33

߄ ΖǺӚෳઠ Prochlorococcus ᆶځдୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ ... 34

߄ ΐǺӚෳઠ Picoeukaryotes ᆶځдୖኧϐ࣬ᜢϩ݋߄Ƕ... 35

߄ ΜǺӚෳઠੌෞ෌ނғނໆ߄Ƕ ... 36

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vii

კ კҞᒵ

კ ΋ǺҁࣴزӦᗺϐӦ౛Տ࿼კǶ ... 37

კ ΒǺӚઠϐྕࡋਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ ... 38

კ ΟǺӚઠϐယᆘન-a ਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ ... 39

კ ѤǺӚઠϐฮለᡶਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ ... 40

კ ϖǺӚઠϐᕗለᡶਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ ... 41

კ ϤǺӚઠϐ Synechococcus ਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ ... 42

კ ΎǺӚઠϐ Prochlorococcus ਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ ... 43

კ ΖǺӚઠϐ Picoeukaryotes ਔׇుࡋᡂϯ௃׎კǶ... 44

კ ΐ : Ӛෳઠୖኧϐుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶკǶ ... 45

კ ΜǺӚෳઠੌෞ෌ނᙦࡋϐుࡋᑈϩѳ֡კǶ ... 46

კ Μ΋ǺӚෳઠੌෞ෌ނғނໆϐుࡋᑈϩѳ֡კǶ ... 46

კ ΜΒǺుНઠӚୖኧుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶᆶዊԤϩѲ௃׎კǶ ... 47

კ ΜΟǺభНઠӚୖኧుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶᆶዊԤϩѲ௃׎კǶ ... 48

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viii

ߕ ߕᒵ

ߕᒵ ΋Ǻ ϣݢҗుН୔Չ຾ԿభН୔ࠠᄊᙯᡂҢཀკǶ ... 49 ߕᒵ ΒǺ(A) ᗕᒭբ཰ᆶНྕਔׇుࡋᡂϯკǶ(B) ᓸΚᆶዊԤኳԄკǶ .... 50 ߕᒵ Ο:࣬ᜢЎ᝘ғނໆ᏾౛߄Ƕ ... 51

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1

߻

߻ق

Ծᔼ܄ຬ༾ੌෞғނࣁ΋ဂදၹӸӧܭШࣚӚεੇࢩ٠ᏱԖനεғނໆϐԾ ᔼ܄ғނ (Scanlan et al., 2009)ǴᡏࠠЬाϟܭ0.2~2Pmϐ໔ (Sieburth et al., 1978)Ǵ ࣁ༾ғނ१ނᆛ (Microbial food chain) ख़ाޑ΋ᕉ (Sherr & Sherr, 1988)Ƕຬ༾ੌ

ෞ෌ނᡏࠠᗨλǴՠӢځғނໆӭ (Campbell et al., 1995)Ǵӧੇࢩғᄊسύଅ᝘ࡐ ख़ाޑ߃ભғౢΚǴຎࣁᅹൻᕉፓ௓ޑЬाٰྍ (Worden et al., 2004)Ƕຬ༾ੌෞ

෌ނӧ዗஥ǵ٥዗஥೦ᔼᎦᡶޑੇୱύǴࣁЬाޑ߃ભғౢޣǴத՞ੇୱ߃ભғ

ౢΚޑ50 %а΢ (Agawin et al., 2000)Ǵӧӄౚᕴ߃ભғౢΚ΢ё՞70%а΢

(Stockner & Antia, 1986)Ƕຬ༾ੌෞ෌ނԋ঩ЬाϩࣁΟεဂǴхࡴ:Synechococcus (ᆫౚᝯ)ǵProchlorococcus (চਡᆘౚᝯ) Ϸ Picoeukaryotes (੿ਡຬ༾ᝯᜪ) ΟᜪǴ ϩձ௶ॊӵΠǺ

SynechococcusឦᙔᆘᝯߐǴᡏࠠελϟܭ0.6~1.6Pmϐ໔ǴᏱԖᐱ੝ϐᝯᖌՅ ન (Rippka et al., 1979)ǴځჹᔼᎦᡶёճҔޑ׎Ԅ࣬྽ቶ (Moore et al., 1995)Ǵჹ ܭӀྣமࡋޑ፾ᔈᆶᔼᎦᡶڙज़ޑᔈᡂԖֹ᏾ޑғ౛ᐒڋ (Beardall et al., 2013)Ƕ җܭSynechococcusჹܭᕉნྕࡋޑהڙ܄ଯǴࡺځϩѲޑጄൎ࣬྽ቶݱǴନΑӧ ΟεࢩࣣԖϩթѦǴӧଯጎӦ୔ǵ೦ᔼᎦᡶޑࢩࢬύЈǵଯᡶեᡶᕉნύࣣԖว

౜ځᙫၞ (Charpy & Blanchot, 1998; Gradinger & Lenz, 1989; Jochem, 1988)Ƕ೯த ӧ߈۞ੇୱᆶ෢ϲࢬ฻ᔼᎦᡶଯޑੇୱԖၨଯޑኧໆϩѲǴࣁ྽ӦЬाޑᓬ༈ᅿ (Partensky et al.,1996)Ƕ

Prochlorococcusܭ1986ԃ೸ၸࢬԄಒझሺޑמೌ೏ว౜ (Chisholm et al.,

1988)ǴࢂҞ߻ςޕШࣚ΢ᡏࠠനλ٠ૈՉӀӝբҔޑੌෞғނ (ಒझελϟܭ 0.5-0.7Pm (Morel et al., 1993))Ƕჹܭε਻ύ਼਻֖ໆԖ࣬྽εޑፓ࿯фૈ (Raven, 1994)ǶϩѲޑጄൎڙډྕࡋޑज़ڋǴЬाϩѲܭࠄчጎ40ࡋϐ໔ǶProchlorococcus

ૈ୼෈৲ӧԖӀቫ (߄य़Ӏமࡋ1%ϐుࡋ) ޑۭ೽ǴϩթНుёϟܭ100ԯԿ200 ԯ໔ (Partensky et al.,1999)Ǵࣁ೦ᔼᎦᡶੇୱЬाޑᓬ༈ނᅿǶ

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2

Picoeukaryotes߯ࡰᡏࠠλܭ2Pmޑ੿ਡᝯᜪǴᙦࡋӧΟᜪຬ༾ੌෞ෌ނύэ ޑ К ٯ ന Ͽ Ǵ ϟ ܭ 10²ډ 10⁴ cells ml⁻¹ϐ ໔ Ƕ ՠ ځ ᡏ ࠠ ၨ Synechococcus Ϸ Prochlorococcusٿ ᜪ ε Ǵ ځ ௼ ဂ ಔ ԋ ӭ ኬ ܄ ၨ ଯ Ǵ ӧ ݮ ۞ Ӧ ୔ Ԗ ਔ ཮ ڗ ж SynechococcusԋࣁЬाޑᓬ༈ᅿ (Lefort & Gasol, 2013)Ƕ

ࠄੇ ( South China SeaǹSCS ) ՏܭهၰԿчጎ23.8ࡋǵܿ࿶99.1ࡋԿ121.1ࡋ ϐ໔ǴࢂՏܭܿࠄ٥ޑഌጔੇǴ೏ύ୯εഌǵѠ᡼ҁ৞ǵ๷ࡓᇯဂ৞ǵଭٰဂ৞

Ϸύӑъ৞܌ᕉᙅǴࣁՋϼѳࢩޑ΋೽ϩǶࠄੇੇୱᕴय़ᑈऊ3.5×10⁶ѳБϦٚǴ ѳ֡Нుऊࣁ1,212ϦЁǴനεుࡋऊࣁ5,567ϦЁǴࣁШࣚಃΒεᜐጔੇǶ

ࠄੇᏱԖӄౚനᡉ๱ޑޑϣݢࢲ୏ (Internal wavesǹIWs) (Hsu & Liu, 2004;

Yang et al., 2004)Ƕϣݢࢂ΋ᅿੇࢩϣ೽ޑݢ୏౜ຝǴӢੇНஏࡋࠟޔϩቫ܌Їว ޑ΋ᅿख़ΚݢǴӚᅿᜪࠠޑϣݢǴځਁ൯ǵຼයǵ໺ݢೲࡋکӸӧుࡋ೿Ԗࡐε ޑόӕǴځύ΋ᅿεਁ൯ǵߚጕ܄ǵېҥޑݢᆀࣁϣېҥݢ (Internal solitary wave)Ǵ ځёаӧ໺ሀ࣬྽ᇻޑຯᚆԶόණѨځૈໆǴ٠ЪԖٿݢ࣬࿘Զό཮ׯᡂѦࠠϷ

໺ሀޑ੝ਸ܄፦ (Liang, 2010)ǶࠄੇӦ౛ᕉნ΢ࣁᏱԖቶεޑഌැԶЪΞࢂъ࠾

ഈޑੇࣧǴੇୱНЎፄᚇǴੇНϩቫܴᡉǴԜੇୱࢂϣݢ࣬྽ࢲ៌ޑ୔ୱǴࠄੇ

ϣݢଆྍܭֈֺੇ৙ǴӛՋՉ߈ࠄੇч೽Ǵฅࡕ੃ණӧࠄੇՋୁޑεഌැ΢

(Chang et al., 2006; Chao et al., 2007)ǶਥᏵ߻Γࣴز (Hsu & Liu, 2004) ӵߕᒵ1܌

ҢǴ྽ϣݢӧుੇ໺ሀ (H1<H2)ǹߕᒵ1)ǴషӝቫࠆࡋλܭۭቫࠆࡋਔǴԜࣁΠ

؈ࠠϣݢǴ཮ஒ΢ቫཪНଌΕۭቫǹ྽࿶ၸturn point (H1=H2) ਔǴϣݢ཮җΠ؈

ࠠᙯᡂԋ΢ᖐࠠǴՉ຾Կభੇ୔ (H1>H2)ǴషӝቫࠆࡋεܭۭቫࠆࡋਔǴ൩཮ౢ

ғ΢ᖐ׎ϣݢǶӕਔ໺ኞၸำύౢғޑધࢬǴჹНᡏϣ೽ࢬ൑ӧࠟޔ่ᄬ΢཮ౢ

ғமεޑ୊ᔈΚǴቚу΢ቫੇНᆶΠቫੇНޑషӝϷᘉණբҔǴ׎ԋอኩޑ෢ϲ ࢬ౜ຝǶ

ܿ؅ᕉᕛ (Dongsha atoll) Տܭчጎ20.35Կ22.47ࡋǵܿ࿶116.43Կ116.55ϐ໔Ǵ ࣁࠄੇч೽നεޑᕉᕛ (Dai, 2005)Ƕܿ؅ᕉᕛޔ৩ऊ25Ϧٚǵᕉᕛय़ᑈऊ500ѳБ

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3

ϦٚǴևଭᒙރǴӦ༈եѳǶܿ؅৞ՏܭᕉᕛՋୁǴܭܿ؅৞ࠄчᜐӚԖ΋ૐၰ αǴࣁᕉᕛϣѦНᡏЬाҬඤϾၰǴឦܭъ࠾ഈ܄ᕉᕛǶܿ؅ᕉᕛࣁࠄੇϣݢޔ

ௗፂᔐϐೀǴϣݢ໺ሀԿܿ؅ഌැਔǴӛ΢ᖐϲ೷ԋۭ೽հНი෢ϲ (Duda et al., 2004)ǶӃ߻ࣴز (Wang et al., 2007) ӧܿ؅ᕉᕛܿчᜐНు20ϦЁೀթ࿼΋ۭ☇

ԄADCP ( RDI WH 300 ) ϐߏයᢀෳઠǴҔаᢀෳྕࡋǵዊԤǵယᆘનǵྋ਼ǵᔼ ᎦᡶϷੇࢬ฻ୖኧࢂցڙډϣݢޑቹៜԶౢғׯᡂǶځ่݀ว౜ᕉᕛѦጔ೽ϩԖ եྕ൤ᔼᎦᡶޑհН෢ϲ౜ຝǴಒ๵ճҔΑుቫհН܌஥΢ٰޑᔼᎦᡶǴϩှԖ ᐒ࿗৕ࡕӆஒᔼᎦᡶញр๏ੌෞ෌ނ܌ճҔǴ٬ள၀୔ୱӀӝբҔமਗ਼Ƕӧᇿෳ

ᢀჸύว౜ܿ؅ᕉᕛڬൎԖଯᐚࡋޑယᆘનϩթ (Wang et al., 2007)ǶՠϣݢբҔ ჹԾᔼ܄ੌෞғނᙦࡋࢂӵՖϸᔈᆶ௼ဂ໔ᡂ୏ޑᐒڋزഖӵՖǴԿϞۘ҂Ԗܴ

ዴ่݀Ƕ

ϣݢՔᒿ๱ዊԤዊԤຼයԶԿǴЪߟ᠍ਔ໔อኩԶமਗ਼Ǵٰ᠍ਔ໔ऊ10~20ϩ ដ (Colosi et al., 2001)ǶӢԜӵ݀ाᢀჸϣݢቹៜѸ໪຾Չଯᓎ౗௦ኬǶ߈ԃٰϣ ݢࢲ୏ჹܭғӦϯޑࣴز೴ᅌᑫଆ (Colosi et al., 2001; Klymak & Moum, 2003;

Stevens et al., 2005)ǴԶϣݢӧჹుНቫਔޑ؈फ़ݢቹៜΨБᑫ҂Ն (Stevens et al., 2012)ǶҁࣴزҞޑ߯ᢀჸᆶ௖૸ϣݢჹੌෞғނϐቹៜǴଞჹࠄੇϣݢ೯ၸ߻ࡕǴ

೷ԋԾᔼ܄ຬ༾ੌෞғނғނໆᡂ୏௃׎բඔॊǶ௦ኬ୔ୱхࡴڙډ΢ᖐࠠϣݢ ቹៜ୔ (Elevation IWs)ǵ؈फ़ࠠϣݢቹៜ୔ (Depression IWs) аϷڙډค (১) ϣ ݢቹៜ୔ ( weak/no IWs )Ǵӧόӕᕉნచҹޑෳઠ㚊຾Չ24λਔޑຼයፓࢗǴ௖

૸ғނޑ୏ᄊᡂ୏௃׎ǴҔаᕕှ྽Ӧғނอਔ໔ЁࡋϣޑኧໆᡂϯǴ٠௢՗ࠄ

ੇϣݢࢲ୏ჹܭԾᔼ܄ຬ༾ੌෞғނϐቹៜǶ

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4

׷

׷਑ᆶБݤ

ࣴز୔ୱᆶ௦ኬ

ҁࣴزճҔ OR1-CR1010 (2012/8 ДǹፓࢗઠՏжဦǺSEATS-1)ǵOR1-CR1034 (2013/4ДǹፓࢗઠՏжဦǺSEATS-2)ک OR1-CR1015 ( 2012/10/13~10/19ǹፓࢗઠ ՏжဦǺEDǵES1ǵES2ǵSS1ǵSS2 ) ӅΟૐԛܭܿ؅ᕉᕛѦᕉϐܿୁᆶࠄୁа Ϸࠄੇч೽ύѧ SEATS ઠ΋Ӆ຾Չ 7 ԛ 24 λਔຼයࣴزǶOR1-CR1015 ૐԛਔ٠ ӧܿ؅ుНઠ (ED ઠ) ܫ࿼ᗕ☇ (moored buoy)Ǵܭ੝ۓుࡋࢎ೛ྕࡋीǴ؂ϩដ

ௗԏ΋฽ྕࡋᡂϯၗ਑ǴҔԜᢀჸϣݢ౜ຝǶ٠ӧܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ೽ᆶࠄ೽Ӛϩձᒧ ٿೀుࡋόӕෳઠ (კ΋) ຾Չ௦ኬǶSEATS ઠՏܭࠄੇч೽ύѧǴၨόܰڙډഌ

ྍаϷϣݢޑቹៜǴΞ ED ుНઠࣁڙډ؈फ़ࠠϣݢቹៜϐӦ୔Ǵ٠҂ڙډ΢ᖐࠠ

ϣݢ܌஥ٰ෢ϲ౜ຝޑቹៜǴӢԜஒ SEAT-1ǵSEAT-2 аϷ ED ΟઠፓࢗೕჄࣁ௓

ڋಔǴҔаКၨځᆶڙܩϲࠠϣݢቹៜઠ(ES1ǵES2ǵSS1ǵSS2 ) ϐৡ౦Ƕ НЎୖኧ

୷ҁНЎୖኧၗ਑ޑڗளࢂ٬Ҕੇചจྕᡶుሺ (CTD profiling instrument, Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. SBE 911 plus) Ǵ٠у௠ྋ਼௖ଞ (Dissolved oxygen sensor, Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. SBE 43)ǵᑻӀ௖ଞ (Fluorimeter, Chelsea Instruments Ltd.

AQUA

tracka

III)ǵऀ೸౗௖ଞ (Transmissometer, Chelsea Instruments Ltd. ALPHA

tracka

II)ǴϷНΠӀࡋी (PAR; Photosynthesis available radiation sensor, Biospherical Instrument Inc. QSP200L )ǶЋෳНኬ௦໣߯ճҔ፺ዬ௦НᏔ (General Oceanic Inc.

Model 1015 Rosetteȑ΢у௠ 20-liter Go–Flo ௦Н౟ǴӧుНઠ 100 ԯаభНቫǴᒧ

᏷ 6 ঁుࡋ௦໣НኬǴభНઠ߾ܭۭు 10 ԯϐ΢Ǵᒧ᏷ 3 ډ 6 ঁుࡋ຾Չ௦ኬǶ ௦ኬᓎࡋࣁ؂ 3 λਔ௦ኬ΋ԛǴࣁයΒΜѤλਔǴፓࢗϣݢࢲ୏ჹόӕНЎෳઠ ϐғᄊቹៜǶ

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5

Ծ

Ծᔼ܄ғނᙦࡋኬҁ

Ծᔼ܄ғނኬҁНኬЬा೸ၸࣴزಭ΢܌ߕၩޑ፺ዬԄ௦НᏔϷ௦Н౟௦໣Ǵ җ௦НᏔ௦ளНኬǴِೲڗНኬ 4 ml ܫΕ 5 ml לএᆅ (Cryogenic Vials,

Nalgene,USA) ύǴ٠уΕ 0.04 ml 10%ޑ PFA ( Paraformaldehyde, Sigma, USA ; ന ಖᐚࡋࣁ 0.2%) ڰۓǴڰۓࡕ኱Ңኬࠔဦዸӆஒኬҁ࿼ܭనᄊේఏύߥӸǴኬҁ

஥ӣჴᡍ࠻ࡕӆஒځܫ࿼ܭ-80ʚӇጃߥӸǶ

ኬҁаࢬԄಒझሺϩ݋ಒझኧໆǶܭϩ݋྽ϺஒኬҁԾ-80°C հএ৤ڗрှএǴ ஒှএϐኬҁڗр࿼ΕࢬԄಒझሺ஑Ҕ၂ᆅύǴуΕ 0.01 ml ελࣁ 1Pm ᑻӀ኱Ң ੧ηբࣁۓໆ኱ྗǶΟᜪຬ༾ੌෞ෌ނǴӧ࿶ၸࢬԄಒझሺᙔӀႜ৔ (ݢߏ 488 nm) ᐟวࡕǴ཮ӢځಒझελϷԾᔼՅનౢғрόӕᑻӀԶ೏୔ϩрٰǶSynechococcus ନ֖ԖယᆘનѦǴќ֖Ԗᝯᖌન (Rippka et al., 1979)Ǵ཮ౢғᐊआՅᑻӀǴ٬ځӧ ࢬԄಒझሺύǴё೏ୀෳᏔௗԏǴᆶ Prochlorococcus ک Picoeukaryotes ٿޣ୔ϩ ໒ٰǹԶ Prochlorococcus ǵPicoeukaryotes Ӣ֖คᝯᖌનǴЬाᙖҗᐟวယᆘન-a

຾Չ៏ᇡǴ೏ᙔӀᐟวౢғསआՅᑻӀǴࡺё೏ࢬԄಒझሺୀෳᏔௗԏǶନΑಒ झՅનѦǴճҔ Forward scatter (FSC) Ϸ Side scatter (SSC) ୖኧٰ୔ϩಒझޑѦࠠǵ ελǶӢ Prochlorococcus ᡏࠠၨλ (ځಒझޔ৩εऊӧ 0.7Pm)ǴPicoeukaryotes ᡏ

ࠠၨε (ऊ>1Pm)Ǵёҗ΢ॊٿୖኧύ୔ϩрٰǴճҔа΢БݤǴջё୔ϩрԜΟ ᜪಒझ࿶ࢬԄಒझሺୀෳ܌ளϐૻဦǴஒૻဦа஑Ҕ೬ᡏ (FloMax) ຾Չ୮ᒧکी

ኧǴளډൂՏНኬᡏᑈ܌֖ޑಒझኧǶ ယᆘન-a (Chlorophyll a) ᐚࡋ

ယᆘન-a (Chlorophyll a) ᐚࡋڗளНኬࡕǴ࿼Ε 2 Ϧϲϐ polyethylene ౟ϣǴ ලՅ౟ዎࢱੇНٿԛࡕԏ໣НኬǴճҔ࣒ዟᠼᆢ (GF/F) ᘠરၸᘠǴܜ਻ၸᘠਔᓸ Κλܭ 100 mmHgǶஒၸᘠࡕᘠર࿼ܭхশ౯ύǴጓဦࡕ࿼ܭհএܭ-4ʚӇጃύߥ ӸឫӣǶஒ܌ԏ໣ޑኬࠔ੿ޜհএଳᔿ 24 λਔǴуΕ 5 డϲᐚࡋࣁ 90%Ч✉ۓໆ

๧ڗǶܭຬॣݢ᎜ᕏ 1 λਔǴය໔໪уΕ࿗ӇаႣٛӢ᎜ᕏᏤठНྕᚹଯቹៜՅ

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6

ન຋ှǶӆаъ৩ 13mm Ͼ৩ࣁ 0.2PM ៓ࢧᓪ׷፦ᘠጢ (PTFE Syringe filter) уး

ӧ࣒ዟଞ฿΢ၸᘠኬࠔǴڗளዂమనܭኬࠔϩ݋౟ϣǴӆаଯਏૈన࣬ቫ݋س಍

ϩ݋ǶԜ΋ኧᏵҗύѧࣴزଣᕉნᡂᎂύЈՖܿࠢԴৣჴᡍ࠻ගٮǶ ᔼ

ᔼᎦᡶᐚࡋ

คᐒᔼᎦᡶୖኧхࡴฮለᡶ (NO3-

) Ϸᕗለᡶ (PO43-

)Ǵฮለᡶ (NO3-

) ٬ҔΟ ӕ؁ᔼᎦᡶϩ݋း࿼ (Trident-222 Simultaneous Nutrient Analyzer) ݙΕϩ݋

(Gong, 1992)Ǵϩձа Cadmium,ascorbic acid/oxalate Ϸ Ascorbic acid ᗋচКՅݤෳ

ۓᐚࡋ (Maita et al., 1984) ୀෳཱུज़ࣁ 0.05 nMǶᕗለᡶޑෳໆࢂӃ٬Ҕ MAGIC ݤ (MaGnesum Induced Coprecipitation) (Karl & Tien, 1992; Rimmelin & Moutin, 2005) ஒኬҁᐚᕭࡕǴӆ٬Ҕᕗᎌ✘ᙔፄӝނݤ(Phosphoantimonymolybedenum blue complex method) (Maita et al., 1984; Valderrama, 1981)ǴᔼᎦᡶኧᏵҗύѧࣴز ଣᕉნᡂᎂύЈ໳ϺᅽԴৣჴᡍ࠻ගٮǶ

ੌෞ෌ނғނໆ

Ծᔼ܄ੌෞ෌ނғނໆ՗ीЬा߯ճҔ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ϐ่݀ჹҁࣴز຾Չ՗ीǴ Οᜪ௼ဂғނໆϩձӵΠ:Synechococcus ࣁ 250±91 fgC cell^-1ǵProchlorococcus ࣁ 52±19 fgC cell^-1ǵPicoeukaryotes ࣁ 730±226 fgC cell^-1(Campbell & Vaulot, 1993;

Casey et al., 2013; Grob et al., 2007)ǶीᆉБݤࣁࢬԄಒझሺ܌ளϐಒझኧໆ×ൂՏ ಒझ܌֖ϐᅹໆǶ

಍ीϩ݋

ుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶ ( Depth-integrated averaged values ) ࢂஒჴሞНᡏύԾ߄Н Կനుుࡋ܌ໆෳϐӚ໨ୖኧॶǴаఊ׎ᑈݤ ( Trapezoidal method )܌ளޑᑈکǴ ӆନ΢നుుࡋջࢂНుࡋᑈѳ֡ॶջளǶ಍ी໨ҞхࡴᡂБϩ݋( Analysis of Variance; ANOVA )ǵ࣬ᜢ܄ϩ݋ ( Correlation Analysis )ᆶፄӝКၨᔠۓ ( Multiple comparison test )Ƕҁࣴز಍ीϩ݋Ьा٬Ҕ MATLAB 2010 ೬ᡏٰϩ݋Ǵ฻ॶკ ௦Ҕ Surfer 10 ᛤᇙǴԔጕϩѲᆶӣᘜკ٬Ҕ Grapher 9 ᛤᇙǶ

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7

ዊ

ዊԤૻဦ

ܭ OR1-CR1015 ( 2012/10/13~10/19) ૐԛӧᕉᕛܿୁۭుऊ΋ίԯϐుН ED ઠࡼܫᗕ☇Ƕྕࡋෳीനు࿼ܭНుϖԭԯೀǴᢀჸόӕుࡋϐྕࡋᡂϯǴҔа ፓࢗϣݢࢲ୏ϐૻဦǴ؂ϩដᕇள΋฽ྕࡋኧᏵǶځдෳઠϐዊԤૻဦ߾ࢂճҔ

༫ୌ۝ԀҥεᏢዊԤኳԄ (Oregon State University Tidal Inversion Software, OTIS) ϐ௢ᆉբࣁዊԤૻဦǶ

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8

่

่݀

НЎғϯୖኧᆶుࡋϩѲ ᗕᒭኧᏵ

ߕᒵΒࣁ OR1-CR1015 ૐԛਔӧ ED ઠ຾Չᗕ☇բ཰ (moored buoy) ᆶНྕਔ

ׇుࡋᡂϯკǶკ A ࣁНు 25 ԯԿ 500 ԯϐӚНቫϐྕࡋᡂϯკǴྕࡋຼය܄ޑ ᡂϯࢂࣁዊԤϐૻဦǴܭᅈዊϐ߻ྕࡋ࡚ᗊׯᡂޑૻဦջж߄ϣݢϐૻဦǶკ B ࣁճҔჴෳၗ਑ᆶዊԤኳԄႣൔ຾ՉКჹ (ᙔՅጕǹOSU Tidal Inversion Software ኳԄ܌௢ᆉ)Ǵ่݀εठ΢ࣁӕ؁ޑǴНྕᒿ๱ዊԤຼයׯᡂǴྕࡋ࡚ᗊᡂϯр౜

ܭଯዊϐ߻ǶӢ ED ઠࢂࣁుНઠ (ۭుऊ 1000 m) ڙډ؈फ़ࠠϣݢቹៜǴ٬ள߄ ቫၨཪН཮؈फ़ԿుН୔ǴӧНు 300 ԯೀว౜ϣݢࢲ୏ёྕࡋᕓ໔ౢғ 10^ǶCѰ ѓϐᡂϯǴૈـځషӝբҔϐѮεǴਥᏵ߻Γ St Laurent, et al. (2011) ϐࣴزᡉҢ ݢӭวғܭᅈዊٰᖏ߻Ǵҁԛᗕ☇ኧᏵ΢ࢂᆶၸѐࣴزࢂ࣬಄ӝޑǶ

НЎୖኧ

SEATSઠ (௓ڋಔ) Нྕϩթ:হۑૐԛ (OR1-CR1010;კΒ-A) SEAT ઠྕࡋ ϟܭ 20.40~29.40ʚǴѳ֡Нྕࣁ 26.72±3.16ʚǴᡶࡋѳ֡ࣁ 33.52±0.47 psuǶࡾۑ ૐԛ (OR1-CR1034; კ Β-B) SEATS ઠྕࡋ ϟܭ 20.54~28.42ʚǴ ѳ֡Нྕࣁ 25.79±3.01ʚǴᡶࡋѳ֡ࣁ 33.74±0.33 psuǶӧ SEATS ઠٿԛፓࢗύǴྕࡋᡂϯϩ ቫܴᡉǴᡶࡋᡂϯࣗλǴНྕᒿ๱ుࡋሀ෧Ǵྕ៌ቫϟܭ 40 ԯϐ 80 ԯϐ໔ǶΠ

؈ ࠠ ϣ ݢ ቹ ៜ ෳ ઠ (ED ઠ ; კ Β -C) ྕ ࡋ ϟ ܭ 20.59~27.43ʚ Ǵ ѳ ֡ Н ྕ ࣁ 25.56±2.43ʚǴᡶࡋѳ֡ࣁ 33.71±0.49 psuǶ50 ԯаభੇНྕࡋᡂϯࣗλǴև౜֡

Ϭషکޑ౜ຝǴӧНు 80 ԯೀۭቫНڙډዊԤຼයޑቹៜև౜Οঁݢঢ়ޑკ׎Ƕ

ܿ؅ᕉᕛڬᜐ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) Нྕϩթ:ES1 ઠ (კΒ-D) ྕࡋϟܭ 22.75~26.60ʚǴ ѳ֡Нྕࣁ 25.91±0.88ʚǴᡶࡋѳ֡ࣁ 33.46±0.21 psuǶES2 ઠ (კΒ-E) ྕࡋϟܭ 22.97~26.59ʚǴѳ֡Нྕࣁ 26.01±0.90ʚǴᡶࡋѳ֡ࣁ 33.42±0.17 psuǶSS1 ઠ (კ Β-F) ྕࡋϟܭ 18.17~26.44ʚǴѳ֡Нྕࣁ 24.52±2.28ʚǴᡶࡋѳ֡ࣁ 33.63±0.32

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9

psuǶSS2 ઠ (კΒ-G) ྕࡋϟܭ 22.83~26.44ʚǴѳ֡Нྕࣁ 25.85±0.72ʚǴᡶࡋ ѳ֡ࣁ 33.43±0.11 psuǶНྕᡂϯӧϣݢቹៜಔᆶ௓ڋಔ٠คܴᡉৡ౦Ƕ௓ڋಔޑ НྕᡂϯᛙۓǴྕࡋᒿుࡋሀ෧ϿǴӧ 40m аభև౜֡Ϭషӝ (homogenous) ރ ᄊǴЪคܴᡉВڹຼයᡂϯǶӧϣݢቹៜಔ߄ННྕදၹଯܭ 26ʚǶύቫНڙዊ ԤբҔޑቹៜǴНྕྕࡋᒿ๱ዊԤևຼය܄ޑᡂϯǶӧభНઠଯᓎ௦ኬޑၸำύ ว౜ԖհН(ྕࡋեܭ 24ʚ)ΕߟԿ 30 ԯаభ୔ୱޑ౜ຝǶ

ယယᆘન-a (Chlorophyll a)

ယᆘન-a (Chlorophyll a) ᐚࡋӧহۑૐԛSEATS-1ઠ (კΟ-A) ѳ֡ࣁ

0.21±0.04Pg L^-1ǴଯॶЬाϩѲܭНు40ԯԿ80ԯǶࡾۑૐԛSEATS-2ઠ (კΟ-B) ѳ֡ࣁ0.20±0.02Pg L^-1ǴଯॶЬाϩѲܭНు80ԯǶܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ೽ుН୔EDઠ (კ Ο-C) ѳ֡ࣁ0.23±0.09Pg L^-1Ǵଯॶр౜ܭқϺǴНు50ԯೀǶܿ೽భН୔ (ϣݢ ቹៜಔ) ယᆘન-aϩթ:ES1ઠ (კΟ-D) ѳ֡ࣁ0.21±0.03Pg L^-1ǶES2ઠ(კΟ-E) ѳ

֡ࣁ0.20±0.04Pg L^-1Ƕࠄ೽భН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) ယᆘન-aϩթ:SS1ઠ (კΟ-F) ѳ

֡ࣁ0.31±0.06Pg L^-1ǶSS2ઠ (კΟ-G) ѳ֡ࣁ0.32±0.05Pg L^-1ǴٿෳઠқϺᐚࡋࣣ

ၨఁ໔ଯǶယᆘન-aᐚࡋ (კΐ-A) ӧSEATSઠǴEDઠϷܿ؅ܿ೽ES1ǵES2ઠ࣬

྽ௗ߈ǹԶܿ؅ࠄ೽SS1ǵSS2ઠယᆘન-aᐚࡋ߾ࢂᡉ๱ଯܭܿ؅ᕉᕛځдෳઠǴ ځдෳઠ໔ယᆘન-aᐚࡋৡ౦٠คᡉ๱ (߄Β)Ƕ

ฮለᡶ (NO3-

) ฮለᡶ (NO3-

) ᐚࡋుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶӧহۑૐԛ SEATS-1 ઠ (კѤ-A) ϟܭ 2.14~3.66 PMǴѳ֡ࣁ 2.82±0.60PMǶࡾۑૐԛ SEATS-2 ઠ (კѤ-B) ϟܭ 1.92~2.98PMǴѳ֡ࣁ 2.40±0.38PMǶܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ೽ుН୔ ED ઠ (კѤ-C) ϟܭ 1.43~3.19PMǴѳ֡ࣁ 2.45±0.55PMǶܿ೽భН୔ (΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔ) ฮለᡶϩ թ:ES1 ઠ (კѤ-D) ϟܭ 0.77~1.89PMǴѳ֡ࣁ 1.29±0.41PMǶES2 ઠ (კѤ-E) ϟ ܭ 0.73~2.98PMǴѳ֡ࣁ 1.22±0.75PMǶܿ೽ٿభНઠฮለᡶᐚࡋΜϩ࣬߈Ƕࠄ

೽భН୔ (΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔ) ฮለᡶϩթ:SS1 ઠ (კѤ-F) ϟܭ 1.09~4.29PMǴ

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ѳ֡ࣁ 2.74±1.16PMǹSS2 ઠ (კѤ-G) ϟܭ 0.73~2.76PMǴѳ֡ࣁ 1.28±0.62PMǶ SS1ઠฮለᡶᐚࡋଯܭ SS2ǴԖᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ᏾ᡏฮለᡶᐚࡋӧܿ؅భНس಍ (ନ SS1 ઠѦ)දၹեܭ SEATS ઠᆶ ED ઠ (߄Β)Ƕ

ᕗᕗለᡶ (PO43-

) ᕗለᡶ (PO43-

) ᐚࡋుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶӧহۑૐԛSEATS-1ઠ (კϖ-A) ϟܭ 0.12~0.25P0Ǵѳ֡ࣁ0.20±0.05P0ǶࡾۑૐԛSEATS-2ઠ (კϖ-B) ϟܭ

0.11~0.19PM Ǵѳ֡ࣁ0.15±0.03PMǶܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ೽ుН୔EDઠ (კϖ-C) ϟܭ 0.09~0.22PMǴѳ֡ࣁ0.17±0.04PMǶܿ೽భН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) ᕗለᡶϩթ:ES1 ઠ (კϖ-D) ϟܭ0.03~0.13PMǴѳ֡ࣁ0.08±0.04PMǹES2ઠ (კϖ-E) ϟܭ 0.02~0.24PMǴѳ֡ࣁ0.07±0.07PMǶܿ೽ٿభНઠᕗለᡶᐚࡋΜϩௗ߈٠คᡉ๱

ৡ౦Ǵࠄ೽భН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) ᕗለᡶϩթ:SS1ઠ (კϖ-F) ϟܭ0.08~0.35PMǴ ѳ֡ࣁ0.22±0.10PMǹSS2ઠ (კϖ-G) ϟܭ0.02~0.22PMǴѳ֡ࣁ0.09±0.06PMǶ SS1ઠޑᕗለᡶᐚࡋၨSS2ଯǶฮለᡶᆶᕗለᡶӧޜ໔΢ޑϩѲΜϩ࣬߈Ǵӧ௓ڋ ಔޑᡂϯᆶྕࡋև౜࣬ϸ௃׎ǴᔼᎦᡶᐚࡋᒿ๱ుࡋሀቚǶӧSEATSઠ܌଺ޑٿ ԛᢀჸύǴᔼᎦᡶܭ50ԯаΠᐚࡋၨଯǴคܴᡉޑຼයᡂϯǶԶӧEDઠ߾ࢂڙዊ Ԥቹៜӧۭቫև౜рٿঁଯঢ়Ƕӧϣݢቹៜಔޑᡂϯᖿ༈Ψک௓ڋಔ࣬ӕǴࣣᆶ

ྕࡋև౜࣬ϸᖿ༈ǶӧభН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) ۭ೽ᔼᎦᡶ཮ᒿ๱ዊԤຼයᡂ୏Ǵᒿ

๱հНΕߟ΋ӕቹៜభН୔ୱǶ ғނୖኧ

Synechococcus ኧໆϩѲ௃׎

Synechococcus ኧໆӧহۑૐԛ SEATS-1 ઠ (კϤ-A) ኧໆϟܭ 0.01~9.04

×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.62±0.91 ×10³cells ml^-1ǶኧໆଯॶЬाр౜ܭ߄НǴНు

եܭ 50 ԯࡕኧໆ෧ϿǶคܴᡉВڹຼයᡂϯǶࡾۑૐԛ SEATS-2 ઠ (კϤ-B) ኧ ໆϟܭ 0.13~10.56 ×10³cells ml^-1 Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 4.38±0.67 ×10³cells ml^-1ǶҁૐԛܭқϺ 10ਔܭ߄НԖ٤༾ଯॶǴՠВڹຼයᡂϯόܴᡉǶܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ೽ుН୔ ED ઠ (კ

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Ϥ-C) ኧໆϟܭ 0.01~17.86 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 4.15±1.62 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵኧໆ ଯॶЬाр౜ܭНు 50 ԯೀ٠ӧϱࡕ 4 ਔԖኧໆౣࣁΠफ़ޑ౜ຝǴคܴᡉВڹຼ

යᡂϯǶܿ೽భН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) Synechococcus ኧໆϩթ:ES1 ઠ (კϤ-D) ኧໆ ϟܭ 2.74~31.43 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 17.80±5.52 ×10³cells ml^-1ǴES2 ઠ (კϤ-E) ኧໆϟܭ 10.33~34.11 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 19.60±5.49 ×10³cells ml^-1Ƕ

Synechococcusӧ᏾ঁНቫϩѲၨ֡ϬǴ٠ӧఁ໔ԖၨӭޑғނኧໆǶࠄ೽భН୔

(ϣݢቹៜಔ) Synechococcus ኧໆϩթ:SS1 ઠ (კϤ-F) ኧໆϟܭ 3.07~43.89 ×10³ cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 19.21±8.93 ×10³cells ml^-1ǹSS2 ઠ (კϤ-G) ኧໆϟܭ 10.66~45.94

×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 23.06±9.85 ×10³cells ml^-1Ƕޜ໔ϩѲᆶኧໆᡂϯ௃׎ᆶܿ೽

భНઠ࣬՟Ƕ᏾ᡏԶقǴӧ SEATS ٿઠ Synechococcus ЬाϩѲܭ߄НǴ٠คܴ

ᡉϐВڹຼයᡂϯǶED ઠ Synechococcus ኧໆଯॶр౜ܭԛ߄ቫǴऊНు 50 ԯೀǴ

ుࡋϩѲၨ SEATS ઠుǶܿ؅ᕉᕛభН୔ኧໆϩѲڙྕ៌ቫቹៜၨλǴ

SynechococcusӧӚНቫࣣԖϩѲǴВڹᡂϯܴᡉǴӧఁ໔ԖၨқϺଯޑኧໆϩѲǶ

ԜѦǴѤಔڙ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔ Synechococcus ϐኧໆుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶ (კΐ-E)

ࣣᡉ๱ଯܭ௓ڋಔ (߄΋)Ƕ Prochlorococcus ኧኧໆϩѲ௃׎

Prochlorococcus ኧໆӧহۑૐԛ SEATS ઠ (კΎ-A) ኧໆϟܭ 0.13~13.43

×10⁴cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 6.63±1.67 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ƕӧޜ໔ϩѲ΢ኧໆଯॶϩѲుࡋ

ၨ Synechococcus ుǴϟܭНు 30 ԯԿ 80 ϐ໔ǶӧқϺਔനଯኧໆϩѲܭ 80 ԯǴ

ఁ໔നଯኧໆ߾ϩѲܭ 50 ԯǴుࡋԖౣࣁ΢ϲޑ౜ຝǶԜૐԛኧໆВڹຼයᡂϯ ϩձܭԐఁ 7 ਔԖΠफ़ޑ౜ຝǶࡾۑૐԛ SEATS ઠ (კΎ-B) ϟܭ 1.35~11.41 ×10⁴ cells ml^-1 Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 5.97±1.45 ×10⁴cells ml^-1ǶࡾۑኧໆၨহۑౣեǴޜ໔ϩѲᆶহ ۑҭคϼεᡂϯǴኧໆଯॶЬाϩѲܭ 40~80 ԯǶܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ೽ుН୔ ED ઠ (კ Ύ-C) Prochlorococcus ኧໆϟܭ 0.19~6.92 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.05±1.06 ×10⁴ cells ml^-1ǶԜઠ Prochlorococcus ϩѲଯॶϟܭНు 30 ԯԿ 60 ԯ໔Ǵుࡋౣభܭ

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SEATS ઠٿૐԛǶܿ೽భН୔ (΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔ) Prochlorococcus ኧໆϩ թ:ES1 ઠ (კΎ-D) ϟܭ 1.61~5.97 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.36±1.02 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ƕ

ࠟޔޜ໔ϩѲև֡ϬϩѲϐ௃׎Ǵҗ߄НԿۭ೽ࣣԖϩѲǴவВрࡕኧໆᅌᅌ෧ ϿǴܭఁ໔ 6 ਔࡕኧໆᅌᅌቚуǶES2 ઠ (კΎ-E) ϟܭ 1.51~5.28 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ǵ ѳ֡ࣁ 3.32±0.72 ×10⁴cells ml^-1ǶҁઠқϺኧໆᡂϯၨλǴଯॶЬाр౜ܭঐః 5 ਔǴВрࡕኧໆΠफ़Ƕࠄ೽భН୔ (΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔ) Prochlorococcus ኧໆϩ թ:SS1 ઠ (კΎ-F) ϟܭ 0.85~3.49 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 2.49±0.42 ×10⁴cells ml^-1ǹ SS2ઠ (კΎ-G) ϟܭ 1.59~4.49 ×10⁴cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 2.30±0.98 ×10⁴cells ml^-1 Ƕ ܭԜٿઠύ Prochlorococcus ӧύϱ 12 ਔࡕԖኧໆΠफ़ϐ௃׎Ǵѳ֡ኧໆӧఁ໔

ၨଯǶኧໆ࿶ుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ࡕ (კΐ-F) ᡉҢӧคϣݢᆶߚ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜ୔

ProchlorococcusޑኧໆၨଯǴڙ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔኧໆၨϿǶ಍ी่݀΢ SEATS

ૐԛ Prochlorococcus ኧໆᆶܿ؅భН୔ୱ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) ኧໆ΢Ԗᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ Picoeukaryotes ኧኧໆϩѲ௃׎

Picoeukaryotesኧໆӧহۑૐԛ SEATS-1 ઠ (კΖ-A) ϟܭ 0.08~4.50 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 1.11±0.40 ×10³cells ml^-1ǶЬाϩѲܭНు 30 ԯԿ 70 ԯೀǴӧқϺϩ Ѳ௃׎ၨుǴఁ໔ଯॶϩѲܭНు 50 ԯೀǶSEATS-2 ઠࡾۑૐԛ (კΖ-B) ϟܭ 0.07~6.63 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 1.44±0.93 ×10³cells ml^-1ǶϩթЬाϟܭ 60 ԯԿ 100ԯϐ໔Ƕܭఁ໔ 4 ਔԿ 10 ਔኧໆၨӭǴଯॶр౜ܭНు 80 ԯೀǶܿ؅ᕉᕛܿ

೽ుН୔ ED ઠ (კΖ-C) ϟܭ 0.05~11.12 ×10³ cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 2.04±1.03 ×10³ cells ml^-1ǶқϺኧໆϩѲၨଯǴϩձܭఁ໔ 7 ਔᆶΠϱ 1 ਔԖଯॶϩѲǶЬाϩѲ ܭНు 50 ԯೀǶܿ೽భН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) Picoeukaryotes ኧໆϩթ:ES1 ઠ (კ Ζ-D) ϟܭ 1.18~10.63 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.65±1.63 ×10³cells ml^-1ǹES2 ઠ (კ Ζ-E) ϟܭ 1.50~7.88 ×10³ cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.69±1.35 ×10³ cells ml^-1ǶԜٿઠ Picoeukaryotesޜ໔ϩѲ࣬߈Ǵ᏾ঁНቫࣣԖϩѲǴଯॶЬाр౜ܭۭቫǴВڹຼ

යϩѲ΢ܭఁ໔ԖၨଯޑኧໆϩѲ௃׎Ƕࠄ೽భН୔ (ϣݢቹៜಔ) Picoeukaryotes

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ኧໆϩթ:SS1 ઠ(კΖ-F) ϟܭ 1.25~7.32 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.98±1.29 ×10³cells ml^-1Ƕࠟޔޜ໔ϩѲ΢߄Нቫኧໆܭ 7 ਔࡕԖኧໆ෧Ͽϐ౜ຝǶኧໆଯॶЬाӧН

ၨుೀǶSS2 ઠ (კΖ-G) ϟܭ 1.04~7.55 ×10³cells ml^-1Ǵѳ֡ࣁ 3.74±1.93 ×10³cells

ml^-1ǶኧໆࠟޔϩѲ΢ࣁ֡ϬϩѲϐ௃׎ǴВڹຼයϩѲӧқϺኧໆၨϿǶ

Picoeukaryotesኧໆుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ (კΐ-G) ӧ ES1ǵES2ǵSS1ǵSS2 ѤೀభН୔ (΢

ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜಔ) ኧໆၨଯǴᆶ SEATS ઠহۑૐԛኧໆৡ౦ࣁᡉ๱ޑǴՠᆶ SEATS ઠࡾۑϷుН ED ઠޑኧໆৡ౦٠คᡉ๱ (߄΋)Ƕ

SEATSઠਔޜϩթ΢ Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ٿᜪނᅿ٠คܴᡉޑВ ڹຼයᡂϯǶSynechococcus ЬाϩѲܭНు 30 ԯϐ΢ (კϤ) ǴProchlorococcus ϩѲၨుǴኧໆଯॶЬाр౜ܭ 30 ԯԿ 80 ԯϐ໔ (კΎ)ǶPicoeukaryotes ӧহۑ SEATS-1ૐԛኧໆଯॶϩѲܭ 50 ԯೀǴࡾۑ SEATS-2 ૐԛЬाϩѲܭНు 80 ԯ

ೀ (კΖ)Ƕܿ؅ుНઠ (ED ઠ) ΟᜪނᅿЬाࣣϩթܭНు 50 ԯೀǶܿ೽భНೀ

(ES1ǵES2) ӢНుၨభǴڙྕ៌ቫቹៜλǴషکၨࣁ֡ϬǶSynechococcus ᆶ Prochlorococcus ӧӚНቫϩѲѳ֡ǴPicoeukaryotes ଯॶӧٿઠࣣϩѲܭНు 30 ԯаΠǶࠄ೽భНೀ (SS1ǵSS2) ނᅿϩթᆶܿ೽భН୔࣬՟ǴΟᜪ௼ဂܭӚНቫ

ࣣԖϩѲǶభНෳઠғނኧໆ᏾ᡏӧఁ໔ޑኧໆϩѲ௃׎ࢂଯܭқϺޑǶ

ੌ

ੌෞ෌ނғނໆ

Ծᔼ܄ੌෞ෌ނғނໆ՗ीЬा߯ճҔ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ϐ่݀ჹҁࣴز຾Չ՗ीǴ Οᜪ௼ဂғނໆϩձӵΠ:Synechococcus ࣁ 250±91 fgC cell^-1ǵProchlorococcus ࣁ 52±19 fgC cell^-1ǵPicoeukaryotes ࣁ 730±226 fgC cell^-1(Campbell & Vaulot, 1993;

Casey et al., 2013; Grob et al., 2007)ǶΟᜪຬ༾ੌෞ෌ނғނໆϐుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶϩ ձӵΠ:(1) Synechococcus ӧ SEATS-1 ઠࣁ 0.91± 0.23ǶSEATS-2 ઠࣁ 1.10±0.17 mgC m^-3ǶED ઠࣁ 1.04±0.40 mgC m^-3ǶES1 ઠࣁ 4.45±1.38 mgC m^-3ǶES2 ઠࣁ 4.90±1.37 mgC m^-3ǶSS1 ઠࣁ 4.80±2.23 mgC m^-3ǶSS2 ઠࣁ 5.77±2.46 mgC m^-3Ƕ(2) Prochlorococcusӧ SEATS-1 ઠࣁ 3.51±0.89 mgC m^-3ǶSEATS-2 ઠࣁ 3.16±0.77 mgC

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m^-3ǶED ઠࣁ 1.62±0.56 mgC m^-3ǶES1 ઠࣁ 1.78±0.54 mgC m^-3ǶES2 ઠࣁ 1.76±0.38 mgC m^-3ǶSS1 ઠࣁ 1.32±0.22 mgC m^-3ǶSS2 ઠࣁ 1.22±0.45 mgC m^-3Ƕ(3) Picoeukaryotesӧ SEATS-1 ઠࣁ 0.81±0.30 mgC m^-3ǶSEATS-2 ઠࣁ 1.05±0.70 mgC m^-3ǶED ઠࣁ 1.49±0.78 mgC m^-3ǶES1 ઠࣁ 2.66±1.22 mgC m^-3ǶES2 ઠࣁ 2.69±1.01 mgC m^-3ǶSS1 ઠࣁ 2.91±0.97 mgC m^-3ǶSS2 ઠࣁ 2.73±1.44 mgC m^-3Ƕ᏾ᡏੌෞ෌

ނܭӚෳઠύғނໆుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶϩձࣁ:SEAT-1 ઠࣁ 5.23±1.41 mgC m^-3ǵ SEAT-2ઠࣁ 5.31±1.64 mgC m^-3ǵED ઠࣁ 4.14±1.74 mgC m^-3ǵES1 ઠ 8.90±3.14 mgC m^-3ǵES2 ઠࣁ 9.35±2.77 mgC m^-3ǵSS1 ઠࣁ 9.03±3.43 mgC m^-3ǵSS2 ઠࣁ 9.71±4.35 mgC m^-3(߄Μ)ǴӧԖڙډ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜϐܿ؅ᕉᕛຼᜐԖၨଯޑੌෞ෌ނғނ ғނໆ (Biomass)Ǵӧค (১) ϣݢᆶߚ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜೀНቫޑғނໆుࡋᑈϩ ѳ֡ॶၨե (კΜ΋)Ƕ

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૸

૸ፕ ࠄੇϷܿ؅ᕉᕛНЎ੝܄

ࠄੇ SEATS ઠՏܭࠄੇч೽ύѧǴၨόܰڙډഌྍаϷϣݢࢲ୏ޑቹៜǴӧ SEATSઠٿԛ 24 λਔೱុ௦ኬޑၸำύǴྕࡋᆶᡶࡋ٠คϼεᡂϯǴёૈᆬӢܭ ӄВዊϐጔࡺǶᡉҢ SEATS ઠឦܭ΋ঁ࣬ჹᛙۓޑᕉნǶShaw and Chao (1994) ࡰ рࠄੇੇୱЬाڙډܿ٥ۑ॥س಍ޑ௓ڋǴӧհۑᆶཪۑྕࡋৡ౦ၨεǶӧҁࣴ

ز໻ 24 λਔޑᗕۓය໔ϣНЎၗ਑٠คว౜ϼεᡂϯǶܿ؅ᕉᕛឦܭ΋ъ࠾ഈԄ ᘞ෫Ǵᕉᕛъ৩ऊ 25 Ϧٚǵѳ֡ుࡋλܭ 10 ϦЁǶНᡏҬඤЬाճҔᅍଏዊਔ ӧᕉᕛՋୁޑࠄчૐၰα຾ՉҬඤǴᅍዊਔੇНҗᕉᕛѦࢬΕǴଏዊਔӛѦࢬрǶ ԜѦǴ᏾ঁܿ؅ᕉᕛϣНᡏᕴᡏᑈᇻλܭڬൎ೦ᔼᎦᡶϐੇНǶᕉᕛНҬඤࡕஒ

཮ࡐזೲޑ೏ڬൎੇНีញǶӢԜᕉᕛϣ೽ނ፦ჹܭҁࣴزӧᕉᕛܿୁᆶࠄୁ௦ ኬӦᗺޑቹៜࢂߚதλޑǶ

߈ԃٰ೚ӭፁࢃᇿෳᢀჸډࠄੇᏱԖߚதࢲ៌ޑϣݢࢲ୏ (Liu et al.,2004)Ƕ

ੇН߄य़ಉᕫࡋԋႽᡉҢϣݢҗֈֺੇ৙۳ӛՋୁՉ຾Ǵܿ؅ᕉᕛࣁϣݢޔௗፂ ᔐϐೀǶ٩ځНЎ੝܄ӧᕉᕛഌැೀӛ΢ܩϲ೷ԋۭ೽հНი෢ϲ (Duda et al., 2004)ǶਥᏵ߻Γࣴز྽ϣݢӧుНೀ໺ሀਔǴឦ؈फ़ࠠݢࠠԶҁࣴزϐ ED ջࣁ Ԝݢࠠϐቹៜ୔Ƕᗨฅڙډ؈फ़ࠠϣݢቹៜՠ٠ؒԖڙډհН෢ϲቹៜǴӢԜ ED ઠϐНЎୖኧᆶ SEATS ઠ࣬՟Ƕӧ ED ઠ܌ளᗕۓၗ਑ӧӚНቫྕࡋਔׇკύǴ ёᢀჸډϣݢՉ຾߻ࡕ܌೷ԋޑྕࡋৡձ (ߕᒵΒ A კ)ǴբҔࢂߚத࡚ᗊޑǶᆶ ዊԤၗ਑КჹࡕᡉҢϣݢӭวғܭεዊϐ߻ (ߕᒵΒ B კ)ǴԜ໨่݀Ӄ߻Γࣴز ϕ࣬֍ӝ (St Laurent et al., 2011)Ƕҗܭޜ໔ज़ڋǴҁૐԛѝܭ ED ຾Չᗕۓբ཰Ǵ ځдෳઠسճҔ༫ୌ۝εᏢ܌ගٮϐኳԄ೬ᡏǴჹϣݢܢၲਔ໔຾ՉኳᔕǴа௖

૸ϣݢࢲ୏ޑቹៜǶᕉᕛڬᜐෳઠϐྕࡋਔׇϩթკёᢀჸډᕉᕛෳઠ཮ڙډዊ Ԥࢲ୏೷ԋۭቫНԖೕࡓޑຼයᡂϯǶዊԤࢲ୏ӧނ౛܄፦΢ឦܭ҅ᓸၮ୏Ǵځ

ࠟޔࢬೲࣗλǴۭ೽ᔼᎦᡶᆶ΢ቫНషکϐ౜ຝቹៜԖज़ǴԶϣݢࢲ୏ឦܭ௹ᓸ

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ၮ୏ǴࠟޔբҔΚεǴૈ୼٬ϣݢՉ࿶ၸޑ୔ୱౢғமਗ਼ޑషӝբҔǶ ຬ

ຬ༾ੌෞ෌ނᙦࡋϐ୏ᄊᡂϯ

ҁࣴز่݀ᡉҢрӧϣݢቹៜಔᆶ௓ڋಔ໔ΟᅿԾᔼ܄ғނಔԋ࣬྽όӕǴ ӧ SEATS ઠٿԛ௦ኬύ Prochlorococcus ࢂЬाᓬ༈ނᅿǴᏱԖനଯޑᙦࡋǴ Synechococcusᆶ Picoeukaryotes ኧໆၨϿǶԜᆶځд೦ᔼᎦᡶੇୱ௼ဂಔԋ࣬՟Ƕ ฅԶӧᕉᕛܿୁᆶࠄୁ୔ୱϐ Prochlorococcus ኧໆϩթၨ SEATS ઠϿǴኧໆΠफ़ ऊ 50%ǴSynechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ኧໆ΢ϲǴϩձගଯऊѤ७ᆶٿ७ (კΜ)Ƕ ᕉᕛѦୁ᏾ᡏНቫϩѲၨభǴᔼᎦᡶుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶନ SS1 ઠѦځдࣣλܭ SEATSઠܭ ED ઠǴ೷ԋ΢ॊ௃׎চӢаΠϩձ૸ፕǶ

ቹៜੌෞ෌ނғߏᆶኧໆޑӢηЬाԖӀǵྕࡋǵᔼᎦᡶǵឪ१ᓸΚቹៜǵ

ੰࢥ຋ှ...฻฻ǶӧྕࡋᆶኧໆϩѲ΢ Synechococcus ӧӚઠࣣکྕࡋᡉҢ҅࣬ᜢ (߄Ζ)Ƕӧ SEATS ઠ Synechococcus Ьाϩթܭ߄ቫǴኧໆᒿ๱ుࡋ෧ϿǴӧ 22ʚ

฻ྕጕΠϩѲ࣬྽ีϿǶܿ؅ᕉᕛڬᜐНྕදၹଯܭ 22ʚǴSynechococcus ϩѲၨ

ࣁӕ፦ϩթ (Homogenous)Ǵ٠ค໣ύܭ੝ۓНቫǶਥᏵ (Partensky et al.,1999) ᏾

౛ӄౚޑ Synechococcus ϩթЎ᝘ᡉҢ Synechococcus ЬाϩѲӧНྕ 22ʚԿ 29ʚ ໔ޑӦ୔(Moore et al., 1995)Ƕҁࣴزύྕࡋቹៜ٠ߚ Synechococcus ғߏޑज़ڋӢ ηǶਥᏵ߻Γࣴزࡰр Synechococcus Ьाܭݮ۞ϷᔼᎦᡶၨкىޑӦ୔Ԗၨଯϐ ኧໆϩѲ (Partensky et al.,1996)Ǵӧܿ؅ᕉᕛຼᜐҗܭڙډ΢ᖐՉϣݢ܌஥ٰᔼᎦ ᡶ ޑ ቹ ៜ Ǵ ٬ ள Synechococcus ࣬ ჹ ܭ ค ϣ ݢ ቹ ៜ ಔ Ԗ ၨ ଯ ޑ ኧ ໆ ϩ Ѳ Ƕ Synechococcusᆶ Prochlorococcus ӧҁጇࣴزύࣣᆶᔼᎦᡶև౜ॄ࣬ᜢ (߄ϤǵΎ)Ǵ ځচӢࣁᔼᎦᡶЬाϩѲӧНుၨుೀǴ܌ڙډޑғނ੃઻ၨϿǴฅԶ߄ቫНᔼ Ꭶᡶε೽ϩς೏ғނճҔֹ౥ǴӢԜғނኧໆᆶᔼᎦᡶᐚࡋӭևॄ࣬ᜢޑ௃׎Ƕ

Prochlorococcusӧᕉნύ෈৲ుࡋၨుǴૈ୼Ӹࢲܭ߄य़Ӏྣ 1%ޑНቫೀǴ

தӧԛ߄ቫԖኧໆεॶр౜ǶSEATS ઠϐ Prochlorococcus ኧໆЬाϩѲܭНు 40 ԯϐ 80 ԯϐ໔ǴభНઠ Prochlorococcus ܭӚНቫࣣԖϩթǶ೷ԋܿ؅ᕉᕛ୔

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17

Prochlorococcus ኧ ໆ Π फ़ ϐ ௃ ׎ Ǵ ё ૈ চ Ӣ ࣁ ၀ ೀ Н ు ు ࡋ ၸ భ Ǵ ό ፾ ܭ Prochlorococcus ғ Ӹ ܌ ठ Ƕ Vaulot ک Marie (1999) ӧ ه ၰ ୔ ᢀ ჸ ډ ӧ ߄ ቫ

Prochlorococcus ཮Ӣࣁ๋ѦጕޑቹៜǴ٬ளಒझԝΫ೷ԋ௼ဂኧໆڙډ׭ڋǶќ

Ѧ Ǵ Prochlorococcus ޑ ಒ झ ᄬ ೷ ၨ Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ᙁ ൂ Ƕ Sommaruga et al. (2005) ࣴزࡰр Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ჹܭӀྣԖၨፄ ᚇޑٛᑇᐒڋǴૈ୼Ѝ࡭ؤॺӧ๋ѦጕໆଯޑӦБϝૈғߏǶProchlorococcus ޑ ಒझᡏࠠλǴԖ࣬ჹၨεޑ߄य़ᑈ (Surface to volume ratio, S/V ratio)ǴჹܭᔼᎦᡶ ޑឪڗڀԖᓬ༈ǶӃ߻ࣴزࡰрӧهၰᆶ዗஥Ӧ୔฻೦ᔼᎦᡶੇୱԖၨଯޑ

Prochlorococcus ኧໆϩѲǴฅԶӧ൤ᔼᎦᡶᆶௗ߈ݞαೀ฻ӦБ൩൳Яόـ

Prochlorococcusޑϩթ (Partensky et al.,1999)Ƕёૈ Prochlorococcus ҁيჹܭᔼ Ꭶᡶޑሡ؃٠όଯǴѝሡा٤༾ޑᔼᎦᡶջёЍ࡭ځғߏǶVaulot et al.(1990)ӧӦ ύੇޑࣴزύᡉҢේᡶ٠ߚ Prochlorococcus ޑज़ڋӢηǴε೽ҽޑੇࢩЬाࣁේ

ज़ڋޑᕉნǴᔼᎦᡶӭϩթܭНుၨుޑӦБǴฅԶ Prochlorococcus ௼ဂࠅܭ߄ НቫԿԖӀቫۭ೽ࣣԖϩթǶParpais et al.(1996)ᇡࣁᕗለᡶωࢂ Prochlorococcus Ьाޑज़ڋғߏӢηǶӧಒझϩ຋ຼය΢ǴSynechococcus ёӧ΋Вϣϩ຋΋ԛ܈

΋ԛа΢ǴProchlorococcus ޑϩ຋ຼයऊΒډΟϺϩ຋΋ԛ (Partensky et al.,1999)Ƕ PicoeukaryotesಔԋၨࣁӭኬǴόӕᝯᅿޑϩ຋ਔ໔ࣣόᅰ࣬ӕǶԶϣݢٰਔ܌೷

ԋᕉნӧอਔ໔ޑׯᡂࢂזೲЪอኩޑǴProchlorococcus ёૈคݤӧอਔ໔ޑᕉ ნׯᡂΠҥջբрϸᔈǶᆕӝа΢่݀Ǵ๋ѦӀޑቹៜᆶಒझҁيޑғ౛੝܄Ǵ ёૈࢂ೷ԋ Prochlorococcus ӧభН୔ኧໆᡂϯ٠҂ᆶځдٿޣ࣬ӕޑচӢǶ

Picoeukaryotesᆶ Synechococcus ϩթಔԋ࣬྽ᜪ՟Ƕӧܿ؅ᕉᕛభН୔ΨԖ ኧໆቚуޑ౜ຝǴՠӢࣁಔԋᡂ౦ኧၨεǴኧໆ΢໻ӧহۑ SEATS-1 ઠᆶܿ؅ᕉ ᕛభНઠԖᡉ๱ৡ౦ (߄΋)Ƕӧ೚ӭύᔼᎦࠠੇୱࣴزᡉҢ Picoeukaryotes ཮ڗж Synechococcusᆶ Prochlorococcus ԋࣁЬाޑᓬ༈ނᅿ (Jacquet et al., 2002)Ƕՠ Picoeukaryotesಔԋፄᚇ (Massana et al., 2004)Ǵჹܭᕉნׯᡂ܌೷ԋޑቹៜำࡋ٠

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όӵ Synechococcus ᆶ Prochlorococcus ٰޑΑှǴ໪ӧ҂ٰ׳຾΋؁ᙶమǶ В

ВຼϩթᆶዊԤኳԄᡂϯ௃׎

٩ྣӃ߻Ў᝘ (St Laurent et al., 2011) ᆶҁጇࣴزᗕᒭၗ਑่݀ᡉҢϣݢр

౜ܭᅈዊϐ߻ǴฅԶϣݢբҔ࣬྽மਗ਼ЪอኩǶӧҁࣴزύ؂ 3 λਔ௦ኬࣁය΋

ϺޑၸำύǴ٠҂ܭభНઠᢀෳډܴᡉϣݢࢲ୏ϐૻဦǶED ઠᗕᒭኧᏵࣁ؂ϩដ

܌ௗԏ΋฽ϐྕࡋၗ਑ǴԖୀෳډНྕזೲᡂ୏ϐ௃׎ǶฅԶٿޣਔ໔Ёࡋ٠ό

࣬ӕǴᛖܭੇ΢௦ኬբ཰ᆶ౜൑Нኬೀ౛ޑਔ໔Ǵคݤӆᕭอ௦ኬޑᓎ౗ǶӢԜ ჹܭϣݢНޑ௦ኬ҂ٰሡा׳ᆒዴޑ௦ኬБݤǶҁࣴزӚෳઠዊԤᡂϯ߯ճҔ༫

ୌ۝εᏢ܌ගٮዊԤኳԄ຾ՉኳᔕǴᙖҗኳᔕዊԤޑᡂϯٰ૸ፕϣݢࢲ୏ჹܭғ ނ௼ဂޑቹៜǶკΜΒᆶკΜΟࣁӚઠዊԤኳԄᆶୖኧుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ᡂϯ௃׎Ƕ SEATS ઠЬाڙډӄВዊޑቹៜǴӧ΋ВϣӚԖ΋ԛଯዊᆶեዊǶܿ؅س಍Ьा

ڙډъВዊޑቹៜǴ཮ܭ΋Вϣр౜ٿԛᅈዊᆶեዊ (კΜϖ)ǶSEATS ઠᆶ ED ઠឦܭค (১) ϣݢϷ؈फ़ࠠϣݢቹៜޑ୔ୱǴԜ୔ύΟᅿԾᔼ܄ੌෞғނኧໆᆶ ዊԤ٠ค࣬ᜢᡂϯ௃׎Ƕӧ SEATS ઠύ Prochlorococcus ԖനଯޑኧໆϩթǴ SynechococcusኧໆᛙۓǴคܴᡉВڹᡂϯǶPicoeukaryotes ӧ SEATS-2 ᆶ ED ઠϱ ࡕԖኧໆቚуޑ౜ຝǶӧܿ؅ᕉᕛڬൎෳઠҗܭڙډ΢ᖐࠠϣݢϐቹៜǴ཮ӧε ዊਔԖᔼᎦᡶݙΕޑ௃׎ǴԜ୔ޑ Synechococcus Ϸ Picoeukaryotes ኧໆᆶዊԤԖ

࣬՟ޑᡂϯ௃׎Ƕӧεዊ߻ࡕԖኧໆ΢ϲޑ౜ຝǶProchlorococcus ᆶዊԤ࣬ᜢᡂ ϯ ߾ ၨ ό ܴ ᡉ Ƕ ਥ Ᏽ Ӄ ߻ ࣴ ز (Liu et al.,1995) ߄ Ң Synechococcus ᆶ

Prochlorococcus ЬाӧқϺғߏǴఁ໔຾Չಒझϩ຋ǶฅԶҁࣴزӧᕉᕛڬᜐ຾

Չ 24 λਔຼයᗕۓ௦ኬਔǴ࡞ѯᅈዊਔࢤࣣр౜ӧఁ΢ǴزഖࢂಒझԾᡏϩ຋ᗋ

ࢂڙϣݢቹៜځғ౛ᐒૈ٠٬ளӧεዊ߻ࡕԖၨଯϩ຋ೲ౗ǴٿޣคݤమཱှܴǶ

҂ٰёճҔϩηғނמೌǴᔠෳόӕᕉნΠ௓ڋಒझϩ຋୷Ӣޑ߄౜௃׎Ƕ

ProchlorococcusёૈӢҁيჹᔼᎦᡶޑሡ؃ջόଯǴჹܭϣݢݙΕᔼᎦᡶޑ

ϸᔈόӵ Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ᡫ௵ǴԶᏤठಒझኧໆ٠҂ᆶځдٿޣ

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ᒿዊԤԖӅӕޑᡂϯ௃׎ǶPicoeukaryotes ᝯᅿಔԋፄᚇǴόӕᝯᅿϩ຋ޑਔ໔٠ ό΋ठ (Monnier et al., 2010)Ƕՠҁࣴز่݀ᡉҢ Picoeukaryotes ӧεዊ߻ޑኧໆ

΢ϲǴᒿࡕΠफ़ǴᆶዊԤޑᡂϯ࣬྽΋ठǶךॺᇡࣁϣݢࢲ୏܈ዊԤຼයૈ୼໔

ௗፓ௓ܿ؅ᕉᕛڬᜐຬ༾Ծᔼ܄ੌෞғނޑಒझϩ຋ՉࣁǶӵ݀ѝ᎞୷Ӣፓ௓

(Johnson et al., 1996) ಒझܭ؂В੝ۓޑਔ໔຾ՉǴஒคݤှញғނኧໆᆶዊԤޑ Ӆӕᡂϯ௃׎Ƕهዊ (red tide) ᆶᝯ๮ (bloom) ࣣࢂᝯᜪኧໆܭอਔ໔זೲቚߏޑ ٯηǴНྕޑזೲׯᡂǵ੝ਸ༾ໆϡનޑံк܈ࢂࢌᅿӢηቹៜ٬ளᝯᜪזೲޑ ϩ຋Ǵёࣁϣݢࢲ୏ӧ҂ٰ໘ࢤޑࣴزፐᚒǶ

ੌ

ੌෞ෌ނᙦࡋᆶғނໆ

კΜǵΜ΋ࣁӚઠϐੌෞ෌ނᙦࡋᆶғނໆϩѲ௃׎ (ൂՏࣁ×10³cells ml^-1 ᆶ mgC m^-3)Ƕӧ SEATS ઠᆶ ED ઠుНس಍ύ Prochlorococcus ϩձ՞Ԗऊΐԋޑ ᙦࡋᆶϖԋϖޑғނໆǴSynechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ՞Ԗऊ΋ԋᙦࡋ (8%ᆶ 3%) ᆶѤԋϖޑғނໆ (21%ᆶ 24%)Ƕᗨฅ Prochlorococcus ӧుН୔՞Α൳Яӄ

೽ޑғނᙦࡋǴՠӢځᡏࠠλǴᡏϣ܌֖ޑᅹໆၨϿǴӧғނໆ΢ѝ՞Α 55%Ǵ Synechococcusᆶ Picoeukaryotes ᗨฅኧໆࡐϿǴՠᡏࠠၨεǴᡏϣޑᅹ֖ໆၨଯǴ ӧ ు Н ୔ ύ ϩ ձ ග ٮ Α 21% ᆶ 24% ޑ ғ ނ ໆ Ƕ ӧ ܿ ؅ ᕉ ᕛ భ Н س ಍ ύ Prochlorococcus ՞ Ԗ ऊ ϖ ԋ Ѥ ޑ ᙦ ࡋ ᆶ ΋ ԋ Ϥ ޑ ғ ނ ໆ Ǵ Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ՞ԖऊѤԋϖޑᙦࡋ (38% ᆶ 7%) ᆶΖԋѤޑғނໆ (54% ᆶ 30%)Ƕӧڙ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜϐᕉᕛڬᜐభНઠ Synechococcus ᙦࡋ܌՞ޑКٯ΢ϲǴ җ 8%ቚуࣁ 38%ǶPicoeukaryotes ܌՞Кٯ߾ࢂҗ 3%ቚуࣁ 7%ǶٿޣᙦࡋКٯ ϩձቚуࣁϖ७ᆶٿ७Ƕғނᙦࡋ΢ Prochlorococcus ࣁుНઠύനӭޑੌෞ෌ނǴ ӧభН୔ Prochlorococcus ܌՞ޑКٯऊ෧ϿΑऊѤԋǶӧڙ΢ᖐࠠϣݢቹៜϐభ Нઠ Synechococcus ܌՞ޑғނໆεໆቚуǴ՞Αऊ΋ъа΢ (54%) ޑғނໆǴ

Prochlorococcus ໻՞Α 16%ޑғނໆǶ่݀ᡉҢрӧܿ؅ᕉᕛڬᜐԖၨଯޑғނ

ໆϩѲ௃׎ǴฅԶӧᔼᎦᡶޑుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶ΢٠҂ӧభН୔ᡉҢрᔼᎦᡶᐚࡋ

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ၨଯޑ౜ຝǴԜ୔ғނࡐԖёૈڙډ΢ᖐࠠϣݢ܌஥ٰᔼᎦᡶޑံкǴЍ࡭๱ғ ނӧ၀୔ޑғߏ܌ሡǴ٬ளభН୔ԖեᔼᎦᡶ (SS1 ઠନѦ)Ǵғނໆుࡋᑈϩѳ

֡ॶࠅଯܭుНಔޑ௃׎Ƕ

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่

่ፕ

Ծᔼ܄ຬ༾ੌෞғނӧܿ؅ᕉᕛڬᜐᆶ SEATS ઠޑಔԋ࣬྽όӕǶSEATS ύ Prochlorococcus՞ԖനӭޑኧໆǴځԛࣁ SynechococcusǴനࡕࣁ PicoeukaryotesǶ

ܿ؅ᕉᕛෳઠύ᏾ᡏ Prochlorococcus ኧໆుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶΠफ़ऊԭϩϐϖΜǴ Synechococcusኧໆుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ቚуऊࣁ SEATS ઠϐϖ७ǴPicoeukaryotes ኧໆ

ుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ቚуऊࣁ SEATS ઠϐΒ७ъǶSynechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes Ьा

ୃӳᔼᎦᡶၨଯޑᕉნǴฅԶӧᔼᎦᡶޑుࡋᑈϩѳ֡ॶ΢ܿ؅ᕉᕛڬᜐࠅࢂե ܭుНઠ (SEATS ઠᆶ ED ઠ) ޑǴ೷ԋԜ่݀চӢёૈࣁܿ؅ᕉᕛڙډϣݢࢲ୏

܌஥ٰޑᔼᎦᡶϐቹៜǴЍ࡭Α྽Ӧғނޑғߏ܌ሡǶ٬ளᕉᕛڬൎԾᔼ܄ຬ༾

ੌ ෞ ғ ނ ௼ ဂ ᆶ SEATS ઠ ಔ ԋ ό ӕ Ԗ ੝ ձ ޑ ϩ Ѳ ௃ ׎ Ƕ ܿ ؅ ᕉ ᕛ ᜐ ޑ Synechococcusᆶ Picoeukaryotes ཮ܭεዊ߻ࡕԖኧໆቚуޑ௃׎ǶВڹຼයኧໆϩ ѲᆶዊԤޑᡂϯ௃׎࣬྽֍ӝǶԶϣݢр౜ޑਔ໔εठܭᅈዊϐ߻Ǵࢂցࣁϣݢ ࢲ୏܈ዊԤᡂϯ٬ள Synechococcus ᆶ Picoeukaryotes ӧᅈዊਔԖၨଯޑϩ຋ೲ౗

ᗋሡӧ҂ٰ຾Չ׳ుΕޑԵ᛾Ƕҁࣴز่݀ᡉҢܿ؅ᕉᕛڙډࠄੇϣݢޑቹៜǴ ຬ༾ੌෞғނޑಔԋᆶࠄੇਔ໔ׇӈ (SEATS ઠ) և౜ᄒฅόӕޑ௃׎Ǵᇥܴϣ ݢࢲ୏ჹܭܿ؅ᕉᕛғᄊسԖ๱࣬྽ख़ाޑቹៜΚǶ

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ୖԵЎ᝘

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@ SynǵProǵPeukϩձж߄SynechococcusǵProchlorococcusϷPicoeukaryotesǶ ΢኱aǵbǵcǵdǵeǵfǵgϩձж߄ᆶSEAT-1(a)ǵSEAT-2(b)ǵED(c)ǵES1(d)ǵES2(e)ǵSS1(f)ϷSS2(g)ϐ໔ANOVAϩ݋Ԗᡉ๱ ৡ౦Ƕ

abcde

1.27±0.6 2

af

0.08±0.0 6

af

ġ Range 0.23~0. 40 0.73~2. 76 0.02~0. 22

@ ChlaǵNO3- ǵPO43- ϩձж߄ယᆘન-aǵฮለᡶǵᕗለᡶǶ ΢኱aǵbǵcǵdǵeǵfǵgϩձж߄ᆶSEAT-1(a)ǵSEAT-2(b)ǵED(c)ǵES1(d)ǵES2(e)ǵSS1(f)ϷSS2(g)ϐ໔ANOVAϩ݋Ԗᡉ๱ ৡ౦Ƕ

**

0.31

*

ns 0.30

* ** ߄ҢP<0.01ǵ* ߄ҢP<0.05ǵns߄Ңࣁόᡉ๱Ƕ @ TempǵChlaǵNO3- ǵPO43- ǵSynǵProǵPeukϩձж߄ྕࡋǵယᆘન-aǵฮለᡶǵᕗለᡶǵSynechococcusǵProchlorococcusϷ PicoeukaryotesǶ

** ߄ҢP<0.01ǵ* ߄ҢP<0.05ǵns߄Ңࣁόᡉ๱Ƕ @ TempǵChlaǵNO3- ǵPO43- ǵSynǵProǵPeukϩձж߄ྕࡋǵယᆘન-aǵฮለᡶǵᕗለᡶǵSynechococcusǵProchlorococcusϷ PicoeukaryotesǶ

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*