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Development of Control System of Hydraulic Testing Facility of Wind Turbine Blades 黃裕仁、洪振義

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Development of Control System of Hydraulic Testing Facility of Wind Turbine Blades 黃裕仁、洪振義

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The reserve of petroleum decreases gradually. The development of alternative energies is the most important topic internationally.

Among alternative energies, the wind power is the most promising one. The power generating efficiency of a wind turbine depends on aerodynamic characteristics of its blades. Also, the serve life of blades affects the overall cost of power generated. Therefore, structure tests of blades to understand their behavior under loads become necessary. Hydraulic system has been used on lots of kinds of equipments generally. It has many advantages; such as it can provide greater strength and has smaller volume compared to other actuator systems. These advantages make the system become an essential part in industrial applications. In this study, we used a hydraulic system to provide loadings to a blade that simulate the actual wind loading on the blade during operations of a wind turbine. We developed a computer interface to the programmable logic controller that controls the hydraulic system, and then control several valves and hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic power system to apply loadings to the blade. In the interface, we can control the hydraulic pressure, flow speed, cylinder position of the hydraulic system. An experimental setup for blade test of a 25 kW wind turbine system was designed and installed. Some limit load cases of the blade were also tested in this study.

Keywords : wind turbine blade testing ; hydraulic system ; programmable logic controller Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 iii 中文摘要 iv 英文摘要 v 誌謝 vi 目錄 vii 圖目錄 ix 表目錄 xi 第一章 緒論 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機 與目的 2 第二章 液壓測試系統架構 2.1 液壓的起源 3 2.2 液壓的作動 3 2.3 液壓的特性與應用 6 2.3.1 液壓的特性 6 2.3.2 液 壓的各種應用 8 2.4 翼片測試用液壓系統架構 9 2.4.1 液壓設備系統 9 2.4.2 翼片測試架 17 第三章 液壓測試系統之控制研製 3.1 可程式控制器 21 3.1.1 可程式控制器的發展與特色 21 3.1.2 可程式控制器的架構 26 3.1.3 可程式控制器的作動原理 28 3.1.4 可程式控制器的控制語言 30 3.2 電腦介面的開發 34 3.2.1 VB簡介 35 3.2.2 電腦與可程式控制器之通訊架構 36 3.2.3 電 腦與可程式控制器之通訊參數設定 37 3.2.4 電腦與可程式控制器連線介面 39 第四章 實驗架設與結果 42 第五章 結論 5.1 結 論 49 5.2 未來研究發展 49 參考文獻 50 附錄 51 圖目錄 圖2.1 巴斯卡(Pascal)原理(一) 4 圖2.2 巴斯卡(Pascal)原理(二) 5 圖2.3 巴 斯卡(Pascal)原理(三) 5 圖2.4 液壓幫浦 10 圖2.5 電磁閥 11 圖2.6 比例控制閥 12 圖2.7 液壓缸 13 圖2.8 油槽及馬達 14 圖2.9 壓 力錶及開關 15 圖2.10 管線以及接頭 16 圖2.11 液壓設備構成示意圖 17 圖2.12 風力發電翼片 18 圖2.13 翼片底座 19 圖2.14 翼片夾具 20 圖3.1 可程式控制器基本架構 26 圖3.2 可程式控制器運作流程圖 29 圖3.3 階梯圖 31 圖3.4 指令集 31 圖3.5 功能 方塊圖 32 圖3.6 順序流程圖 33 圖3.7 流程圖 34 圖3.8 通訊架構圖 37 圖3.9 液壓控制系統流程圖 40 圖4.1 實驗架設圖 42 圖4.2 應變曲線圖 43 圖4.3 翼片施加負載圖 44 圖4.4 應變分析結果 45 圖4.5 應變曲線比較結果 48 表目錄 表3.1 可程式控制 器的特色與優點 24 表3.2 傳統電驛控制與可程式控制器比較 25 表4.1 實驗結果數據表 46 表4.2 模擬分析結果數據表 47 REFERENCES

[1]徐景福,油壓機械,正言出版社,1990 [2]岩城健治,徐景福,油壓的機械上,復文書局,1984 [3]岩城健治,徐景福,油壓的機械下

,復文書局,1984 [4]劉履新,歐奉初,張銘崑,液壓學,大揚出版社,1995 [5]歐陽渭城,油壓基礎技術,全華科技圖書股份有限公司

,2004 [6]歐陽渭城,油壓的基礎與應用,全華科技圖書股份有限公司,1998 [7]陳聰敏,吳文誌,可程式控制器原理與應用,全華科技 圖書股份有限公司,2001 [8]邱清城,三菱可程式控制器電腦連線原理,全華科技圖書股份有限公司,1997 [9]郭昌榮,PLC之連線通訊 及VB圖形監控,全華科技圖書股份有限公司,2005 [10]宓哲民,劉春山,戴源良,VB圖形監控-F(A)X系列PLC,新文京開發出版有限 公司,2004 [11]陳正義,開放式可程式控制器程式設計與應用,全華科技圖書股份有限公司,2004

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