0.20.512510180

60-GHz CMOS Integrated On-Chip Yagi Antenna and Balun Bandpass Filter

In 90-nm CMOS Technology

Han-Lin Yue, Yung-Hsiang Chuang, Huey-Ru Chuang

Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

Outline

 Introduction and Motivation

 Design of 60-GHz Integrated On-Chip Yagi Antenna and Balun Bandpass Filter (TSMC 90-nm CMOS Process)

 60-GHz on-chip Yagi antenna design

 60-GHz on-chip balun bandpass filter design

 Integration of Yagi antenna and balun bandpass filter

 Microwave Probe-Station On-Wafer Measurement

 Simulation and Measurement Results

 Conclusion

Introduction & Motivation

 In 2001, the FCC has allocated 57-64 GHz for unlicensed applications

 Wireless personal area network (WPAN)

 60 GHz Standards

 IEEE 802.15.3c, ECMA/387, Wireless HD, WiGig MAC and PHY, IEEE 802.11.ad

 The attenuation of the electromagnetic wave is about 10-15 dB/km near the 60-GHz band

 Due to the oxygen effect

 The attenuation is too high for long-range communication

 57-64 GHz band is suitable for short-range wireless communication

 Wide bandwidth, high data-rate transmission (2 Gb/s), privacy

Spectral

availability Channel BW Effective Tx power

Max. possible data rate

Bit/Hz Req’d to get to 1 Gbps 60 GHz 7000 MHz 2000 MHz 8000 mW

(39 dBm) 25000 Mbps 0.4 bps/Hz 802.11n 670 MHz 40 MHz 160 mW

(22 dBm) 1100 Mbps 25 bps/Hz

Introduction & Motivation

 Pursue the integration of on-chip antenna and passive components in mm-wave RF front-end

 Multifunction millimeter-wave components

 combine different functions into one device

 loss / size reduction

 simplify the complexity of RF front-end circuits

 Integration of on-chip antenna, balun, and bandpass filter

60-GHz Integrated On-Chip Yagi Antenna and Balun Bandpass Filter

(TSMC 90-nm CMOS Process)

TSMC 90-nm CMOS Process

 The on-chip antenna is fabricate with TSMC 90-nm CMOS process

 nine-metal-layer structure

 To achieve a better performance of radiation

 The on-chip antenna is printed on the top layer

 The final goal is to integrate each of system-related

passive and active components into a single chip

60-GHz On-Chip Yagi Antenna Design

60-GHz On-chip Yagi Antenna Design (1)

 Yagi-Uda antenna [9]

In 1928, Yagi-Uda antenna is invented by professor Hidetsugu Yagi and lecturer Shintaro Uda

 Fundamental Yagi antenna includes three components

 driver, director and reflector

 Driver: a half-wavelength dipole

 Director & reflector: let antenna pattern have end-fire radiation characteristic

[9] S. R. Saunders, Antennas and propagation for wireless communication systems, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1999.

60-GHz On-chip Yagi Antenna Design (2)

 Designed Yagi antenna (simu.):

 Driver = 0.36 λ _eff , director = 0.29 λ _eff , reflector = 0.4 λ _eff

 Reflector: utilizing the ground plane (M1) of balun-filter

 VSWR of the Yagi antenna < 2 @ 51 - 88 GHz

 Power-gain @ 60 GHz, +Z direction = -7.8 dBi

 Radiation efficiency @ 60 GHz = 8.4 %

1 2 3 4 5

V S W R

Yagi Antenna (simu.)

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5

C o -p o l. p o w er g ai n @ + Z d ir ect io n ( d B i)

0 5 10 15

R a d ia tio n e ff ic ie n c y ( % )

Antenna Power Gain Radiation Efficiency

60-GHz On-chip Yagi Antenna Design (3)

 Antenna power-gain pattern @ 60 GHz

0

45

90

135

180 225

270

315 -5

-5 -10

-10 -15

-15 -20

-20 -25

X

Y

0

45

90

135

180 225

270

315 -5

-5 -10

-10 -15

-15 -20

-20 -25

Z

Y

0

45

90

135

180 225

270

315 -5

-5 -10

-10 -15

-15 -20

-20 -25

Z

X

Power-Gain (dBi) = [ Directive-Gain (dBi) ] × [ Radiation-Efficiency (%) ]

XY-plane YZ-plane XZ-plane

f

(GHz) Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg.

57 -8.6 -17.1 -13.1 -8.4 -26.8 -16.2 -7.6 -19.0 -11.8 60 -7.9 -15.8 -12.1 -7.8 -31.2 -16.4 -6.8 -19.1 -11.3

E co-pol. (dBi)

64 -7.4 -14.5 -11.3 -7.4 -47.0 -17.2 -6.1 -19.7 -11.1 57 -18.3 -53.3 -24.1 -15.3 -45.9 -21.2 -42.9 -61.0 -49.5 60 -17.8 -53.1 -23.3 -14.0 -44.5 -19.9 -41.8 -59.8 -48.0

E cross-pol. (dBi)

64 -17.0 -59.3 -22.1 -12.6 -42.2 -18.8 -40.3 -64.9 -46.4

XY-plane YZ-plane XZ-plane

60-GHz Balun Bandpass Filter Design

60-GHz On-chip Balun Bandpass Filter Design (1) ^[2]

 0° feed structure[3]:

 Upper path:

 

 





 

 





















 

 



2 1 2

2 0 1 2

1 2

2 2 0

1 0

2 2 2 1

1 0

2 1

2 2 0

1

sin cos )

cos(

sin sin )

sin(

cos ) cos

sin(

cos sin

) cos(



 







 









 





 





C Y C

j Y jY

j C C jZ

Y D

C B A

u u

u u

 Lower path:

 

 





 

 





















 

 



2 1

2 2 0

1 2

1 2 02 2

1 0

2 2 2 1

1 0

2 1 2

2 0 1

cos sin )

cos(

sin sin )

sin(

cos ) cos

sin(

sin cos )

cos(



 







 









 





 





C Y C

j Y jY

j C C jZ

Y D

C B A

l l

l l

 Transmission matrix of 0° feed structure:

 

 





 

 

























 

 



u l

u l l u u

l u l

u l u

l l u u l l u

u l

u l u

l

u l l u

B B

B D B D B

B B B

B B B

D B D B A B A

B B

B B B

B

B A B A D

C A B

) (

) (

) )(

(

²

60-GHz On-chip Balun Bandpass Filter Design (2)

 0° feed structure @ θ ₁ + θ ₂ ≈ π (half-wavelength) 

 







 









 

 

 

1 0

2 1 cos

2 2 1

j C D

C A B





Z L

C S j

2 2 1

21 2 cos / 2

1







 

Z L

C S j

2 2 1

21 2 cos / 2

1





 

180° phase difference

60-GHz On-chip Balun Bandpass Filter Design (3)

θ

1

θ

₁

+ θ

2

θ

₃

θ

₃

θ

3

θ

3

θ

1

θ

1

θ

2

J-inverter J-inverter

Z

0

Z

0

Z

0

Z

0

Z

0

Z

0o

, Z

0e

Unbalanced Port

Balanced Port Port 1

Port 2

Port 3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Frequency (GHz)

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

Magnitude (dB)

S(1,1) S(2,1) S(3,1)

Simulated Characteristics of 60-GHz CMOS Balun Bandpass Filter

f

c

60 GHz

Return loss (S

₁₁

) > 10 dB

Insertion loss (S

₂₁

) 3.2 dB @ 60 GHz (excluding 3-dB power split) Insertion loss (S

₃₁

) 2.9 dB @ 60 GHz

(excluding 3-dB power split) Amplitude imbalance ± 1.3 dB (57-64 GHz)

Phase imbalance ± 5° (57-64 GHz)

3-dB FBW 30 %

Z Y X

Balanced Port

M9 M1 Via

Port 1 Port 2 Port 3

Unbalanced Port

G-S-G PAD

Integration of On-Chip Yagi Antenna

With Balun Bandpass Filter

60-GHz On-chip Yagi-Balun-Filter

 TSMC 90-nm CMOS Process:

 Diver, Director, and Balun-filter @ M9

 Reflector @ M1

Multiple Top Metal

Lossy Substrate Poly

M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6 M 7 M 8 M 9

Dielectric Layers

Symbol Value (μm) Symbol Value (μm) Symbol Value (μm) Symbol Value (μm) L

chip

1156 W

chip

440 G

couple

2 W

couple

4

L

Dir

800 L

Dri

490 W

1

75 W

2

60

G

_ant

15 W

_ant

12 L

₁

140 W

_PAD

50

Simulation Results: 60-GHz On-chip Yagi-Balun-Filter (1)

 Balanced current distribution on Yagi driven element

Simulation Results: 60-GHz On-chip Yagi-Balun-Filter (2)

 Comparison of the VSWR between antenna with/without balun bandpass filter

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Frequency (GHz)

1 2 3 4 5

V S W R

Yagi Antenna (simu.) Yaig+Balun-filter

0 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10

180

170 160

150 140

130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60

50 40

30 20

10

0-10

0 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0 -5 -7 -60 -8 0 -90 0 00 -1 10 -1 20 -1 30 -1 40 -1 5 -1 0 6 -1 0

-170

64 GHz

60 GHz 57 GHz

 Yagi antenna: VSWR < 2 @ 51 – 88 GHz  Yagi-balun-filter: VSWR < 2 @ 57 – 64 GHz

 The antenna bandwidth becomes narrower after integrating with the balun bandpass filter

Simulation Results: Radiation Power-Gain Pattern (3)

0

45

90

135

180 225

270

315 -10

-10 -15

-15 -20

-20 -25

X

Y

0

45

90

135

180 225

270

315 -10

-10 -15

-15 -20

-20 -25

Z

Y

0

45

90

135

180 225

270

315 -10

-10 -15

-15 -20

-20 -25

Z

X

Considering the insertion loss of the balun-filter

Power-Gain (dBi) = [ Directive-Gain (dBi) ] × [ Radiation-Efficiency (%) ]

XY-plane YZ-plane XZ-plane

f

(GHz) Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg.

57 -12.9 -21.3 -17.2 -12.8 -32.5 -20.4 -11.9 -23.3 -16.1 60 -11.2 -18.9 -15.3 -11.1 -34.5 -19.5 -10.0 -22.7 -14.6

E _co-pol.

(dBi)

64 -10.0 -17.2 -13.9 -9.9 -43.2 -19.4 -8.6 -23.3 -13.8 57 -21.5 -50.9 -28.3 -19.3 -49.3 -24.9 -39.0 -52.4 -44.5 60 -20.1 -54.2 -26.3 -17.2 -50.5 -22.9 -40.1 -52.0 -45.7

E cross-pol.

XY-plane YZ-plane XZ-plane

Chip Micrograph

60-GHz CMOS Integrated On-Chip Yagi Antenna And Balun Bandpass Filter

(TSMC 90-nm CMOS Process)

Chip Layout Chip Micrograph

Chip size = 1.16 × 0.44 mm ²

Probe-Station On-Wafer Measurement

VSWR, Antenna Power-Gain and Radiation Pattern

On-wafer Measurement: VSWR / Return Loss (S ₁₁ )

 On-wafer measurement setup:

 Agilent 67-GHz PNA series network analyzer

 Cascade Probe station

 Cascade G-S-G probes with a pitch of 100 μm

 Measure VSWR/S ₁₁ of the on-chip Yagi-balun-filter

E8361A PNA

Microwave

Probe

On-wafer Measurement: Antenna Power-Gain (1)

 The power-gain was measured with the technique presented in [4] and [5]

 Two identical on-chip antennas: a transmitting antenna & a receiving antenna

[4] H.-R. Chuang, L.-K. Yeh, P.-C. Kuo, K.-H. Tsai, H.-L. Yue, “60-GHz millimeter-wave CMOS integrated on-chip antenna and bandpass filter" IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1837–1845, July 2011.

Friis Power Transmission Formula:

PL(dB)

dB G

dB G

dBm P

dBm

P _{r t t r}







 ( ) ( ) ( )

) (

G _t & G _r : power-gain of transmitting &

receiving antenna

P _t & P _r : transmitted & received power

PL: free-space path loss

On-wafer Measurement: Antenna Power-Gain (2)

 Free-space consideration:

) ( )

( )

( )

( )

( dBm P dBm G dB G dB PL dB

P _r  _t  _t  _r 

G _t & G _r : power-gain of the transmitting/receiving antenna P _t & P _r : transmitted and received power

PL: (free-space) path loss, PL ⁽ dB ^{)  10 log}   _{4 } ^ R ^{2  20 log(} R km f GHz ^{)  92 . 4}

 Assume the two antennas are identical  G _t = G _r = G

 Separated distance R should be satisfied with the far-field condition [11]

 2D 2

R _far 

 (P _r / P _t ) (dB) = direct transmission coefficient, |S ₂₁ | ² (dB) from the vector network analyzer

 S ₂₁ ( dB )  ( P _r P _t )( dB )  2 G ( dB )  PL ( dB )

[11] Y. Huang and K. Boyle, Antennas From Theory to Practice, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2008.

On-wafer Measurement: Antenna Power-Gain (3)

 Metallic ground-plane consideration:

 Path loss with perfect planar ground plane  modified PL formula [4][5]

 







 







 

 

 



 



 





 



  



 



 



 

 



  







2 4

2 2

2

2

2 1

2

2 0 2

2 0 1

0

4 4 1

log 10

log 4 10 )

(

R h R jk r jk r

jk PEC

h e R

R R

r e r

dB e PL









  

 

 



₁

 ,

₂



²

 

²



²

 4

²

* r R r R h h R h

 ( ) [ ₂₁ ( ) ( )]

2

1 S dB PL dB

dB

G   _PEC

On-wafer Measurement: Antenna (Power-Gain) Pattern (1)

On-wafer Measurement: Antenna (Power-Gain) Pattern (2)

 According to the Friis power transmission formula [5]

 ^P _r ^{( dBm )  P} _t ^{( dBm )  CL  L} _p ^{ G} _t ^{( dB )  PL  G} _r ^{( dB )}

P _t : the output power of the PSG P _r : the receiving power, which is measured by the PSA CL: cable loss @ 60 GHz L _p : microwave probe loss @ 60 GHz

G _t : power-gain of the transmitting antenna (Yagi-balun-filter) G _r : power-gain of the receiving antenna (horn antenna)

PL: the path loss @ 60 GHz (in free space)

 The distance R between the on-chip antenna and the horn antenna should be satisfied with the far-field condition [11]

 2D 2

R

R  _far  ( D   )

 By measuring the receiving power (P _r ), the power-gain of the Yagi-balun-filter (G _t ) for

each angle can be obtained.

Simulation and Measurement Results

Input VSWR / Return Loss (S ₁₁ )

 The measured VSWR < 2 @ 57 – 64 GHz

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Frequency (GHz)

1

2 3 4 5

V S W R

Simulation Measurment

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Frequency (GHz)

1

2 3 4 5

V S W R

Simulation Measurment

Antenna Power-Gain

 Simulated and measured antenna power-gains are basically in reasonable compliance

 Measured power-gain @ +Z direction: -12.4 dBi @ 60 GHz ( > -14 dBi within 57-64 GHz ) (Considering the insertion loss of the balun bandpass filter)

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Frequency (GHz)

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5

A n te n n a p o w e r g a in @ + Z d ir e c ti o n ( d B i)

Simulation Measurement

Y X Z

Metallic plate (perfect ground plane)

On-chip

antenna On-chip antenna

R = 20 mm

Acrylic Sheet Y Z

X

R = 20 mm

Antenna (Power-Gain) Pattern

 Pattern measurement is in progress

11970 V 50 - 75 GHz Harmonic Mixer

Microwave Probe Station

E8257D 250 kHz – 67 GHz PSG Analog Signal

Generator

LO output

IF input

E4440A 3 Hz - 26.5 GHz PSA Series Spectrum

Analyzer

Microwave Probe Y

Z

Performance Comparison

Type Tech. Freq.

(GHz) VSWR Max. Power Gain (dBi)

Antenna Radiation Efficiency (%)

Chip Size (mm

²

)

[6]

IEEE JSCC 2010

AMC-Antenna CMOS

90-nm 60 < 2 -2.1 19.6

(simu.)

1.43 (antenna) [7]

IEEE RFIT

2010 AMC-Antenna CMOS

0.18-μm 60 < 2 -2.2 14.4

(simu.) 2.4 [8]

NRSI 2011

AMC -Antenna (Patch)

CMOS

0.13-μm 60 < 2 -7.3 N/A 3.5

[4]

IEEE ED 2011

Antenna (Yagi)

+ CPW Filter

CMOS

0.18-μm 60 < 2 Antenna+Filter: -14.0

10

(simu.) 1.47 Antenna -7.8

This work (meas.)

Antenna (Yagi)

+

Balun-Filter

CMOS

90-nm 60 < 2

Antenna

+Balun-Filter -12.4

8.4

(simu.) 0.51

[4] H.-R. Chuang, L.-K. Yeh, P.-C. Kuo, K.-H. Tsai, and H.-L. Yue, “60-GHz millimeter-wave CMOS integrated on-chip antenna and bandpass filter" IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1837–1845, July 2011.

[6] K. Kang, F. Lin, D.-D. Pham, J. Brinkhoff, C.-H. Heng, Y. X. Guo, and X. Yuang, “A 60-GHz OOK receiver with an on-chip antenna in 90 nm CMOS,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 1720–1731, Sep. 2010.

[7] H. Chu, Y. X. Guo, F. Lin, X. Q. Shi, “Wideband 60GHz on-chip antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor”, in 2009 IEEE International Symp. On Radio-Freq. Integration Tech. (RFIT 2009), Singapore, 2009, pp. 307–310.

[8] Y. Peng, M. A. Abdallah, and Z. Hu, “A 60 GHz on-Chip Antenna with Meta-material Structure,” in 28

^th

National Radio Sccience Conf.

(NRSC 2011), Egypt, 2011, pp. 1–6 .

Conclusion

 A successful integration of a 60-GHz mm-wave on-chip Yagi antenna and balun bandpass filter in 90-nm CMOS process

 Fabricated with TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology

 HFSS FEM-based 3-D full-wave EM solver is used for simulation

 On-wafer measurement based on microwave probe-station

 Consider the effect of the metallic plane

 Modified path loss formula

 Measured performance of the designed antenna-balun-filter

 Meas. VSWR < 2 @ 57-64 GHz

 Maximum radiation power-gain is about -12.4 dBi @ 60 GHz

 Antenna pattern measurement is in progress

Reference

[1] Y. P. Zhang, M. Sum, and L. H. Guo, “On-chip antennas for 60-GHz radios in silicon technology,”

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1664–1668, Jul. 2005.

[2] C.-Y. Hsu, C.-Y. Chen, and H.-R. Chuang, “A 77-GHz CMOS on-chip bandpass filter with balanced and unbalanced outputs,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 31, no.11, pp. 1205–1207, Nov. 2010.

[3] C. M. Tsai, S. Y. Lee, and C. C. Tsai, “Performance of a planar filter using a zero-degree feed structure,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2362–2367, Oct. 2002.

[4] H.-R. Chuang, L.-K. Yeh, P.-C. Kuo, K.-H. Tsai, H.-L. Yue, “60-GHz millimeter-wave CMOS integrated on-chip antenna and bandpass filter" IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 58, no. 7, pp.

1837–1845, July 2011.

[5] R. N. Simionsand R. Q. Lee, “On-wafer characterization of millimeter wave antennas for wireless application,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 92–96, Jan. 1999.

[6] K. Kang, F. Lin, D.-D. Pham, J. Brinkhoff, C.-H. Heng, Y. X. Guo, and X. Yuang, “A 60-GHz OOK receiver with an on-chip antenna in 90 nm CMOS,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 9, pp.

1720–1731, Sep. 2010.

[7] H. Chu, Y. X. Guo, F. Lin, X. Q. Shi, “Wideband 60 GHz on-chip antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor”, in 2009 IEEE International Symp. On Radio-Freq. Integration Tech. (RFIT 2009), Singapore, 2009, pp. 307–310.

[8] Y. Peng, M. A. Abdallah, and Z. Hu, “A 60 GHz on-Chip Antenna with Meta-material Structure,” in 28

^th

National Radio Sccience Conf. (NRSC 2011), Egypt, 2011, pp. 1–6.

[9] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.

[10] S. R. Saunders, Antennas and propagation for wireless communication systems, New York: Wiley, 1999, ch5, pp. 94–97.

[11] Y. Huang and K. Boyle, Antennas From Theory to Practice, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2008.

Thank you for your attention!

Backup Slides

Yagi Antenna with Capacitance Coupling (10

 VSWR: 2.04 to 1.1 @ 60 GHz

0 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10

180

170 160

150 140

130

120 110 100 90 80 70 60

50 40

30 20

10

0-10

0-2

0 -3

-40 0 -5 -60 -8 -70

-1 00 -12 10 -1 0 30 40 -1 5 -1 0

-16

0

-170

Antenna without coupled Antenna with coupled - 1 Antenna with coupled - 2 Antenna with coupled - 3

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

1 1.5 2 2.5 3

V S W R

Antenna without coupled

Antenna with coupled - 1

Antenna with coupled - 2

Antenna with coupled - 3

Yagi Antenna with Capacitance Coupling (2)

 Antenna radiation power-gain: -12 dBi to -8 dBi @ 60 GHz

 Directivity: 3.5 dBi to 3 dBi @ 60 GHz

 Radiation efficiency: 3 % to 8.4 % @ 60 GHz

Z X Y

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Frequency (GHz) -20

-15 -10 -5 0

Co-polar power gain at +Z direction(dBi)

Antenna without coupled Antenna with coupled - 1 Antenna with coupled - 2 Antenna with coupled - 3

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Frequency (GHz) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Co-polar directivity at +Z direction(dBi)

Antenna without coupled Antenna with coupled - 1 Antenna with coupled - 2 Antenna with coupled - 3

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Frequency (GHz) 0

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Radiation efficiency (%)

Antenna without coupled Antenna with coupled - 1 Antenna with coupled - 2 Antenna with coupled - 3

0 ° feed structure

1. ABCD matrix of upper path:

 

 

 

    



 

 



 

 





 



 

 

 



 

 

 





2

2 2 2 1

1 0

2 1

2 2 0

1

1 1

0

1 0

1 2 2

2 0

2 0

2

cos - cos

) sin(

cos sin

) cos(

cos sin

sin cos

1 0

1 1 cos

sin

sin cos





 





 











 









Y Y

j C C jZ

Y

jY C jZ

jY j

jZ D

C

B A

u u

u

u

2. ABCD matrix  Y matrix:

 

 





 

 









 



 





u u u

u

u u u

u u

u

u u

u u

B A B

B

D A C

B B

D

Y Y

Y Y

22 1

21

12 11

and

 

 





 

 









 



 





l l l

l

l l l

l l

l

l l

l l

B A B

B

D A C

B B

D

Y Y

Y Y

22 1

21

12 11

3. Y _total = Y _u + Y _l

 

 





 

 

























l u

u l l

u l

u l u

l u

l l l

l u u

u u

u l l

u

u l l

u l

u total

B B

B A B

A B

B

B B

B B

D A C

B B D

A C

B B B

B

B D B

D Y

Y

Y ( )

) (

) (

4. Y _total  ABCD _total

 

 





 

 

























 



 





u l

u l l

u u

l u l

u l

u l l

u u

l l

u

u l

u l u

l

u l l

u

B B

B D B

D B

B B B

B B

B D B

D B

A B

A

B B

B B B

B

B A B

A

D C

B A

) (

) (

) )(

( ²

Simulation Results: 60-GHz On-chip Yagi-Balun-Filter

 Two-port transmission coefficient S ₂₁ of the integrated antenna-balun-filter

R = 1 0 m m

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Frequency (GHz)

-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30

S 2 1 ( d B )

Simu. S21 (Yagi-balun-filter)

Simu. S21 (Yagi)

77-GHz CMOS Integrated AMC-Yagi with Balun-Bandpass Filter

 Radiation efficiency: 6 %  18% @ 77 GHz

 Antenna power gain: -10.7 dBi  -2.8 dBi @ 77 GHz

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Frequency (GHz)

0 5 10 15 20

R a d ia ti o n e ff ic ie n c y ( % )

Yagi antenna + AMC Yagi antenna

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Frequency (GHz)

-20 -15 -10 -5 0

C o -p o l. p o w e r g a in @ + z d ir e c ti o n ( d B i)

Yagi antenna + AMC Yagi antenna

Increased more than 10 %

Increased

about 8 dBi

Appendix: Antenna Pattern Measurement

 Antenna (power-gain) pattern measurement is in progress

Appendix: Antenna Pattern Measurement

 Antenna (power-gain) pattern measurement is in progress

Appendix: Antenna Pattern Measurement

 Pattern measurement is in progress

Appendix: Antenna Pattern Measurement

 Antenna (power-gain) pattern measurement is in progress

On-Chip Yagi-Balun-Filter

R = 100 cm

V-Band Horn Antenna

V-Band

Harmonic Mixer