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電動機車串聯鋰電池平衡管理系統之研究 = Study of series connected lithium-ion batteries balance management system for ele

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電動機車串聯鋰電池平衡管理系統之研究 = Study of series connected lithium-ion batteries balance management system for ele

曾建銘、張舜長

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本文探討串聯鋰電池組作為電動機車之動力來源特性分析,電池之間充放電特性與老化程度的不相同,使用次數增加,導 致電量不平衡,造成過度充電(Over Charge)或過度放電(Over Discharge),因而無法充分利用電池的蓄電能力,甚至縮短電 池的壽命,影響到殘電量偵測準確性。 為了提高串聯電池壽命與殘電量估測的精準度,本研究分成二個研究方向:(1)鋰電 池性能檢測實驗平台,進行不同放電條件與環境溫度,電池進行充放電過程資料記錄分析,建構鋰鐵電池性能資料庫,作 為電池電容量評估。(2)發展串聯電池平衡機制,以四顆鋰鐵電池串聯運行組成平衡電路模組,經前述模組串成四組形成十 六顆電池串聯鋰鐵電池組,經由平衡模組,使每顆電池擁有均等電量。 最後,透過一連串的實驗證明本論文所提的電池平 衡技術是有效的。

關鍵詞 : 電動機車、鋰電池、殘電量、串聯電池平衡

目錄 目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁

中文摘要...iii

ABSTRACT...iv

誌謝...v

目錄...vi

圖目錄...ix

表目錄...xii

符號說明...xiii

第一章 緒論...1

1.1前言...1

1.2 文獻回顧...3

1.2.1 串聯電池充放電研究...4

1.2.2 電池殘電量(SOC)之探討相關研究...5

1.2.3 電池健康狀態(SOH)之探討相關研究...6

1.2.4 電池平衡之探討相關研究...8

1.3 研究動機與目的...9

1.4 研究步驟...11

1.5 論文架構...13

第二章 鋰電池平衡應用於電動機車...14

2.1電動機車介紹...14

2.2二次電池介紹...15

2.3電池殘電量檢測方法...19

2.4串聯鋰電池電量平衡及影響...22

2.5串聯電池平衡電路介紹 ...24

2.5.1消耗型電池平衡電路 ...25

2.5.2非消耗型電池平衡電路...27

2.6鋰電池健康狀態定義...33

第三章 串聯電池平衡測試方法與設備...34

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3.1 鋰電池性能測試設備...34

3.2 鋰電池性能檢測實驗...45

3.3 串聯鋰電池組電量平衡技術...49

3.3.1串聯鋰電池電壓偵測模組...50

3.3.2電阻式消耗平衡模組...51

3.3.3切換電感式模組...56

第四章 實驗與驗證結果...63

4.1利用電池性能測試建立26650鋰鐵電池相關數據...63

4.2鋰錳電池與鋰鐵電池性能比較...65

4.3電池殘電量顯示器實車測試...67

4.4串聯電池不作平衡與有作平衡的驗證...70

4.5串聯電池電阻式平衡功能測試...73

4.6電池電感式平衡驗證其功能性...74

4.7比較電阻式平衡與電感式平衡的平衡效果...76

4.7.1平衡後電池能量比較...76

4.7.2未平衡與有平衡放電時間比較...78

4.7.3電阻式平衡與電感式平衡靜置平衡時間比較...82

4.7.4電阻式平衡與電感式平衡充電平衡比較...83

4.7.5電阻式平衡與電感式平衡靜置放電平衡比較...86

第五章 結論與建議...88

5.1結論...88

5.2建議事項與未來研究...89

參考文獻...90 參考文獻

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