國立鳳山高中 103 學年度教師甄試英文科試題
注意：本試題共五大題，作答時間共 120 分鐘，請標明題號並將所有的答案寫在答案本中。
I. Use the following words and phrases to make five sentences for a multiple choice test. There should be four corresponding options in each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please underline the correct answers to your questions. (15%)
1. spontaneous 2. inevitably 3. nuisance 4. legendary
5. be consistent with
II. Summarize the following passage (about 200-250 words) and then draw up a reading comprehension test with 5 questions according to your version. There should be four corresponding options in each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please also underline the correct answer to your questions. (20%)
You hear the same complaint all the time as people get older: “My memory is terrible.” Is it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with age to justify such grumbling? The depressing answer is that the brain's cells, the neurons, die and decline in efficiency with age.
Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first is mental speed, for example how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road.
Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but react more slowly. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain's neurons work.
The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age – a reduction in learning capacity.
The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging. This means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, and slower to master new routines and technologies at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental aids.
“Working memory” is the third brain system which is vulnerable to the effects
of aging. Working memory is the brain's “blackboard”, where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to keep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks and generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system - so, for instance, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for.
Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we age and occurs because our plans and intentions, which are chalked up on the mental blackboard, are easily wiped out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain.
The frontal lobes of the brain - located behind the forehead and above the eyes - are where the working memory system is located. Like the temporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain.
The news, however, is not all bleak. Although neurons reduce in number with age, the remaining neurons send out new and longer connection fibers (dendrites) to maintain connections and allow us to function reasonably well with only relatively small drops in ability.
This and other evidence suggests that the principle “use it or lost it” might apply to the aging brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still intellectually active, and compared their performance on neuropsychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their sixties and early seventies were superior to their contemporaries, and as good as the younger people.
Research on animals provides even stronger evidence of the effects of stimulation on the brain structure. Professor Bryan Kolb, of the University of Lethbridge in Canada, has shown that animals kept in stimulating environments show sprouting and lengthening of the connecting nerve fibers in comparison with animals kept in unstimulating environments.
The beneficial effects of continued mental activity are shown by the fact that older contestants in quiz shows are just as fast and accurate in responding to general knowledge questions as younger competitors, suggesting that at least part of their intellectual apparatus is spared the effects of aging because of practice and skill.
Such findings lead to the intriguing possibility of “mental fitness training” to accompany jogging and workouts for the health conscious. Research in Stockholm by Professor Lars Backman and his colleague has shown that older people can be trained to use their memory better, with the effects of this training lasting several years.
Just as people go bald or grey at different rates, so the same is true for their mental faculties. Why this should be the case for memory and other mental functions is not yet clear. If Professor Shimamura is right, then the degree to which people use and stretch their mental faculties may also have a role to play.
III. Paraphrase the following passage (about 150-200 words) and then design a cloze test of 5 blanks with four options for each (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please also underline the correct answers to your questions. (20%)
The raisins sitting in my sweaty palm are getting stickier by the minute. They don’t look particularly appealing, but when instructed by my teacher, I take one in my fingers and examine it. I notice that the raisin’s skin glistens. Looking closer, I see a small indentation where it once hung from the vein. Eventually, I place the raisin in my mouth and roll the wrinkly little shape over and over with my tongue, feeling its texture. After a while, I push it up against my teeth and slice it open. Then, finally, I chew—very slowly.
I’m eating a raisin. But for the first time in my life, I’m doing it differently. I’m doing it mindfully. This whole experience might seem silly, but we’re in the midst of a popular obsession with mindfulness as the secret to health and happiness—and a growing body of evidence suggests it has clear benefits. This class is part of a curriculum called Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn, an MIT-educated scientist. There are nearly 1,000 certified MBSR instructors teaching mental training techniques (including meditation, mindful walking, yoga) worldwide. MBSR’s philosophy is to think of people’s attention as a muscle. As with any muscle, it makes sense to exercise it (in this case, with meditation) and like any muscle, it will strengthen from that exercise. The raisin exercise reminds us how hard it has become to think about just one thing at a time.
Technology has made it easier than ever to fracture attention into smaller and smaller bits. We answer a colleague’s email questions from the stands at a child’s soccer game; we pay the bills while watching TV; we order groceries while stuck in traffic. In a time when no one seems to have enough time, our devices allow us to be many places at once—but at the cost of being unable to fully inhabit the place where we actually want to be.
Powering down the internal urge to keep in constant touch with the outside world is not easy. It’s hard to unwind when everything is just a smart phone away.
Mindfulness says we can deal cope with this stress better. Its techniques are intended to help practitioners quiet a busy mind and lower anxiety and depression, in turn improving efficiency. Growing evidence proves they’re correct. Researchers
have found that multitasking leads to lower overall productivity.
The ability to focus for a few minutes on a single raisin isn’t silly if the skills it requires are the keys to surviving and succeeding in the 21st century. Educators are turning to mindfulness with increasing frequency, which is a good thing considering how digital technology is splitting kids’ attention spans. Apple co-founder Steve Jobs said his meditation practice was directly responsible for his ability to concentrate and ignore distractions. With mindfulness, we focus more on the present moment, less caught up in what happened earlier or what’s to come. We find ourselves smelling the air and listening to the soundtrack of the city. The notes and rhythms were always there, of course. But these days they seem richer and more important.
IV. Translate the following passages into English. (15%)
到了二十一世紀 資訊科技以及航空業徹底地改變了全球化的趨勢 今天的國家發展 在古典經濟學的人財貨三要素以外 還增加了一個新要素：資訊 航空業的發達 使得人的
流通更方便廉價 否則台灣也不會出現引進外勞的現象 科技數位化之後 訊息 媒體 娛樂 教育 文化都可以在自家的客廳取得 因而也帶來生活方式的全球化 價值觀的全球化 同 時不可避免的對所有國家的政治造成衝擊
這種新形態全球化的速度驚人 也為人類提供了一次糾正舊有狹義全球化錯誤的機會 權貴結構以及威權體系 受到前所未有的挑戰 美國年輕人佔領華爾街 誘發阿拉伯之春 台灣年輕人透過臉書集結遊行 香港年輕人也透過手機集結 隨時而來的憤怒發洩 使得當 權者疲於奔命
V. Essay Writing: Your essay should be less than 500 words. (30%)
1. Please briefly describe your current English teaching in terms of your students’
levels, the strategies you adopt, how the strategies work out and the challenges you hope to conquer. (10%)
(Please turn over to the next page.)
2. (1) Please revise the following two compositions by correcting the mistakes and (2) giving comments to the students. (3) How will you teach or what will you do to help them improve their writing skills? (20%)
作文題目: 最近的太陽花學運 (the Sunflower Student Movement) 顯示出學生關心國事的 熱情，身為學生的你必然聽說或親自參與這次活動。請寫一篇英文作文，文分兩段。
第一段敘述你對這次學運的看法；第二段說明一個學生平日可作些什麼使台灣更美 好。文長約 120 至 150 個單詞(words)。
In my opinion, the movement was a huge success, however, there were few mistakes some of the students have made. At first their target was clear, but some aggressive students got theirs twisted and turned the peaceful sit-in into an violent riot. Most of them became too arrogant eventually, thinking it’s ok to take over places wherever they wanted, the result turned out they were wrong, nevertheless. As I mentioned above, the movement was still a success against all the odds. It tells the society that we students are not careless about our country and are not the minority. The movement stimulated people to think over the whole event, and somehow, revealed how far corruption and bureaucracy have developed in our government.
As a student, what we can do to make Taiwan a better place are limited, since most students
(Please turn over to the next page.)
作文題目: 最近的太陽花學運 (the Sunflower Student Movement) 顯示出學生關心國事的熱 情，身為學生的你必然聽說或親自參與這次活動。請寫一篇英文作文，文分兩段。第一段敘述 你對這次學運的看法；第二段說明一個學生平日可作些什麼使台灣更美好。文長約 120 至 150 個單詞 (words) 。
In my opinion, the movement was a huge success, however, there were few mistakes some of the students have made. At first their target was clear, but some aggressive students got theirs twisted and turned the peaceful sit-in into an violent riot. Most of them became too arrogant eventually, thinking it’s ok to take over places wherever they wanted, the result turned out they were wrong, nevertheless. As I mentioned above, the movement was still a success against all the odds. It tells the society that we students are not careless about our country and are not the minority. The movement stimulated people to think over the whole event, and somehow, revealed how far corruption and bureaucracy have developed in our government.
As a student, what we can do to make Taiwan a better place are limited, since most students possess neither infinite time nor resources. Yet we can still make changes by the power of unity. As for individual, with the power of Internet, it still be easier to spread information internationally, which means even students can promote Taiwan to the world. Such means are simple yet effective on gaining worldwide attention, and by promoting Taiwan, there will be more possibility to develop diplomacy with other countries.
提示：請 根 據 以 下 三 張 連 環 圖 畫 的 內 容 ， 以 “One evening,…”開 頭 ， 寫 一 篇 文 章 ， 描 述 圖 中 主 角 所 經 歷 的 事 件 ， 並 提 供 合 理 的 解 釋 與 結 局 。
One evening, a man was invited to his friend’s wedding. He was gratified with the couple’s joyful marriage and got himself fully drunk when having a chat with another friend he met at there. Afterwards, he was dizzy and even couldn’t walk in a stright line when he left the feast. He waved with all his left power to the dashing, shining, near-distance car as if it were a taxi. In the meantime, the car pulled over and let the man in, but the man passed away immediately after he got in. The next day, the man was so confused that he found himself in a police station. One of a police scolded the man for his rude behavior. All in all, the story told us never drink if you can’t.
