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原文題目(出處): Surgical management of ameloblastoma: conservative or radical approach? A critical review of the literature. Oral

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原文題目(出處): Surgical management of ameloblastoma: conservative or radical approach? A critical review of the literature. Oral Surg 2008;1:

22-7.

原文作者姓名: Adeyemo WL, Bamgbose BO, Ladeinde AL, Ogunlewe MO 通訊作者學校: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of

Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, USA

報告者姓名(組別): 實習H組 侯奕睿 報告日期: 2008/06/09 內文:

Abstract:

藉由找出恰當的論文來探討找出治療ameloblastoma 的最好方法,使用的是 MEDLINE , 關 鍵 詞 為 ameloblastoma AND treatment , ameloblastoma AND surgical management

Conclusions:雖然這些文獻內容顯示,無法明確的指出那種治療方式是治療 ameloblastoma 的最佳方法,但證據顯示,對於這些比較 benign 但具有 locally invasive特性的lesion採取比較radical的治療方式會比較好

Introduction:

1. 1~3% of tumours and cysts of the jaws 2. more common in the mandible

3. 在各部位發生的機率有種族特異性

4. slow-growing, painless swelling, 引 起 cortical bone 的 expansion, 使 lingual 和 buccal plates perforation並且浸潤到soft tissue

5. 通常因為slow-growing的特性,所以發現的晚

6. 在亞洲和非洲ameloblastoma是最常發生的odontogenic tumor,但在南美和北美 它是第二個較常出現的odontogenic tumor

Material and methods:

1.origin:published articles in MIDLINE

2.mesh phrase : ameloblastoma AND treatment , ameloblastoma AND surgical management(AND for combine and narrow the searches)

3.大部份的文章是是case report和一系列的case回顧

4.所有搜尋到的文章皆由兩位作者挑選出來,非隨機選文,其中裡面找到的case 回顧系列中只有一篇提到治療unicystic ameloblastoma

5.因為許多論文的研究對象與外在變因各不同,所以找出的論文便無法去互相 比較,因此這些論文有探討到採用到以下治療方式去做治療的才會採用:

enucleation with or without application of carnoyl solution, curettage, surgery with adjuvant cryotherapy, marsupialization, and resection (marginal, segmental, hemi- and total resection).

Growth potential and behaviour of ameloblastoma

1.origin:enamel organ,remnants of dental lamina,the lining of an odontogenic (dentigerous) cyst,or possibly from the basal epithelial cells of the oral mucosa 2. benign with a slow-growing pattern, but locally invasive(with recurrence , between

benign and malignant)

3. biologic behaviors:ranging from cystic expansion to more aggressive infiltration of adjacent tissue

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4. 外圍由一層的basement membrane所包覆 5.藉由體積的擴張去侵犯到臨近的軟組織

6.有可能會侵犯到mandibular canal(even nerve)(有兩篇各提不同看法) 7.臨床分類:solid/multicystic(classical intraosseous); peripheral; unicystic 8.solid/multicystic-具locally invasive和較高的recurence,而unicystic

較不具侵犯性

9.組織分類:follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, granular and desmoplastic

10. follicular, granular cell and acanthomatous types有比較高的recurrence (Hong et al)

11.primarily surgical way

Conservative:curettage, enucleation and cryosurgery radical:marginal, segmental and composite resections

Reasons for conservative approach to the treatment of ameloblastomas

1.benign in nature(特別強調在年輕人,任何的生長干擾皆會影響到以後的發育,

所以應該更保守)

2.較少有美觀上、功能上與重建的問題

3.健康periosteum的保留有助於以後骨頭的再生 4.因此年輕人大部份會使用比較保守的方式

Reasons for radical approach to the treatment of ameloblastomas

1. The recurrence rates:55% to 90% for solid or multicystic lesions treated by enucleation or curettage (unacceptable)

Discussion

1.sammartino et al:

發 展 出 一 套 新 的 診 斷 方 法 ( 十 年 研 究 經 驗 ) , 來 協 助 外 科 醫 師 判 斷 碰 到 ameloblastoma時,該做何種處治(小lesion反而比較aggressive)

(1) Small ameloblastoma - wide resection + 1cm normal bone

(2) Large without cortex perforation – curettage( + 0.5~1 cm uninvolved bone) (3) Large with cortex perforation – resection with over lying soft tissue

理由是:

9 即使ameloblastoma有比較aggressive和recur的特性,但臨床上不能直接判斷 說使用比較保守的治療就會有比較高的recurrence

9 Low morbidity—serious cosmetic、functional and reconstruction 事實上:

9 作者認為重建的問題,不應是做保守治療的唯一重要的考慮因素

9 7 of 15 case recur (6 of them were multicystic lesion)—因此皆採取一樣的處置 是否合理

9 因採取比較保守的治療,因此更應密切的觀查追蹤病人狀況,但對病人而言 卻因此耗費更多金錢,另外也比radical治療的病人需要更長期的追蹤 9 The first operation affords the best chance for cure

2.Hong et al:(239 cases of ameloblastoma)

9 Disease-free survival(treatment modalities) showed a statistically significant difference when segmental resection or maxillectomy and resection with bone margin are compared with conservative treatment.(保守治療與較侵犯性治療在 Disease-free survival上有明顯差異)

3.Ghandhi et al:(41 cases of ameloblastoma)

9 Conservative groups recur—76.2%;radical--0%

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9 Two cases had second recurrence; one of which showed spread to the base of the skull.(by radical treatment)

9 結論是第一次手術採取比較aggressive的治療比較好,而一旦浸潤到周圍的 軟組織,復發率將會大增

4.Satkin and Hoffmeister:

9 19:86 = resection to curettage 5.Sampson and Pogrel

9 11 of 26 recur (all from only by curettage)

7. report from Africa-- resection with bone margin is the treatment of choice for ameloblastoma

8. Other studies have also shown that when a diagnosis of ameloblastoma is made, the treatment must be aggressive and radical(For solid-multicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible, a resection of the jaw should be approximately 1.5–2 cm beyond the radiological limit, in order to ensure that all the

‘microcysts’ and ‘daughter cysts’ are removed) 9. unicystic ameloblastoma

9 一般認為可以採取保守性的治療(due to less aggressive behavior)

9 但是最近的臨床證據顯示這個想法可能是錯誤的(80%--Ghandhi et al;15.5%

--Hong et al

9 在Systemic review(consider the best level of evidence)內所做的統計,下了兩個 看法

(1) 因 為 ameloblastoma 並非很典型的圓形或者橢圓形,因此只採用 enucleation的方法並無法想像中一樣,可以很明確的將lesion拿乾淨

,因此可能會留下一些cyst的上皮在裡面

(2) Tumor cell可以侵犯到lesion以外的cancellous bone(2.3~8cm) (beyond radiographic margin)

9 另 外 unicystic ameloblastoma 又 可 分 為 三 種 類 型 (luminal ; intraluminal ; mural)mural type是最aggressive,會使的tumor cell往外擴張

結論:即使是unicystic ameloblastoma也不應採取過於保守的治療

9 一項研究顯示,可使用PCNA and Ki-67來標記tumor cell,尤其是在cystic wall 上 的 tumor nodules , 使 我 們 可 以 發 現 使 用 比 較 radical 的 方 法 去 切 除 ameloblastoma是必要的

Conclusions

1. ameloblastoma被認為是一種良性但具有高復發率的cyst,有許多的研究顯示

,ameloblastoma的預後與手術的方法較相關,反而與其組織分類較無太大相 關性

2. 使用resection + safe margin是治療ameloblastoma最好的方法(unicystic type也 至少要marginal resection)

3. 儘管使用比較radical的手術可以減少其復發,但在某些例子中(不到十歲的小 孩子,在下顎前牙處發現unicystic ameloblastoma)是可以採取比較保守的手術 方法的,此時病人必須被長期追蹤,一旦發現復發的情形發生,便要採取比 較radical的手術切除

4. 發表的論文中,對於ameloblastoma的最佳手術方法,仍然缺乏一致性,每個 作者各執一詞。另外也需要更多的evidence base理論基礎,才有辦法的明確定 義那種方法才是最佳的

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題號 題目

1 下列何種細胞,不是引起ameloblastoma的來源細胞 (A) Dental lamina

(B) Developing enamel organ (C) Mesenchymal cell

(D) Basal cell of the oral mucosa

答案(C) 出處:1. Oral and maxillofacial pathology, 2nd ,p611

題號 題目

2 Which type of ameloblastoma最常見 (A) Follicular and plexiform

(B) Acanthomatous (C) Granular cell (D) Desmoplastic

答案(A) 出處:1. Oral and maxillofacial pathology, 2nd ,p613

參考文獻

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