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我們得到 ˆ ln x dx = x ln x − ˆ x d(ln x) (1

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1021微微微乙乙乙01-05班班班期期期末末末考考考解解解答答答 1. (15%) 令 In =

ˆ

(ln x)ndx, n ≥ 1 (a) (6%) 求 I1 =?

(b) (6%) 把 In+1 用 In 表出。

(c) (3%) 利用(b)的遞迴式求 I4。

Solution:

令 In= ˆ

(ln x)ndx, n ≥ 1.

(a) 使用分部積分法, 令u = ln x, dv = dx (2%), 我們得到 ˆ

ln x dx = x ln x − ˆ

x d(ln x) (1%)

= x ln x − ˆ

x · 1

xdx (1%)

= x ln x − x + C (2%)

註:未加上積分常數扣1分, 沒有計算過程根據規則得0分.

(b) 使用分部積分法, 令u = (ln x)n+1, dv = dx (2%), 我們得到 In+1=

ˆ

(ln x)n+1dx = x(ln x)n+1− ˆ

x d(ln x)n+1 (1%)

= x ln x − ˆ

x · (n + 1)(ln x)n· 1

xdx (2%)

= x(ln x)n+1− (n + 1)In (1%)

註1:如果僅計算前幾個, 如I2, I3,然後直接推論猜測規律出最後結果的人, 得到4分.

註2:使用別的方法計算出來的遞迴式也會有分數, 上述只是其中一個較好計算的結果.

(c) 根據遞迴式我們得到

I4 = x(ln x)4− 4I3

= x(ln x)4− 4x(ln x)3− 3I2

= x(ln x)4− 4x(ln x)3+ 12x(ln x)2− 2I1

= x(ln x)4− 4x(ln x)3+ 12x(ln x)2− 24(x ln x − x + C)

= x(ln x)4− 4x(ln x)3+ 12x(ln x)2− 24x ln x + 24x + C

評分方法:

(i) (b)若計算錯, 則(c)得0分.

(ii) 計算錯誤, 如正負號錯誤, 括號有誤等, 或是未加上積分常數總和至多扣1分.

(iii) 未使用(b)小題中所得到的遞迴式的人得1分.

(2)

2. (12%) (a) (6%) 求

ˆ x + 1

x2+ x + 1dx。 (b) (6%) 求

ˆ dx

ex(e2x− 1)。

Solution:

(a) ˆ

x + 1 x2+ x + 1 dx

=

ˆ x +12

x2+ x + 1 dx +1 2

ˆ dx

x2+ x + 1 (2%)

= 1

2ln (x2+ x + 1) + 1

√3tan−1( 2

√3(x + 1

2)) + C (4%) 在答案接近完整時,沒加 C 扣一分,但不重複扣!

(b) ˆ

dx

ex(e2x− 1), 令 u = ex (2%)

= ˆ

(1 2

1 u − 1− 1

2 1

u + 1 − 1

u2) du (2%)

= 1

2ln |u − 1| − 1

2ln |u + 1| + 1 u + C

= 1

2ln |ex− 1| −1

2ln |ex+ 1| + e−x+ C (2%)

(3)

3. (12%) (a) (6%) 求 ˆ 1

2

0

x2

1 − x2dx。

(b) (6%) 求 d dx

ˆ x2 x

dt 1 + t5

Solution:

(a) [6pts]

ˆ 1

2

0

x2

1 − x2dx

dx=cos θ

=====⇒

x=sin θ

ˆ π

6

0

sin2θ cos2θdθ [2pts]

sin2θ=1−cos 2θ2

=========⇒

cos2θ=1+cos 2θ2

ˆ π

6

0

1 − cos22θ 4 dθ

= ˆ π

6

0

sin22θ 4 dθ

sin22θ=1−cos 4θ2

=========⇒

ˆ π

6

0

1 − cos 4θ

8 dθ [2pts]

=θ 8 − 1

32sin 4θ

π 6

0

=π 48 −

√3

64 [2pts]

(b) [6pts]

d dx

ˆ x2

x

dt 1 + t5

F (x)=´x 0 f (t)dt

=========⇒

f (x)= 1

1+t5

d

dx{F (x2) − F (x)} [2pts]

=dF (x2) dx2

dx2

dx − dF (x)

dx [2pts]

Fundamental Calculus

==================⇒f (x2) · 2x − f (x)

= 2x

1 + x10 − 1

1 + x5 [2pts]

(4)

4. (12%) (a) (6%) 求 ˆ

sec3θdθ。(若知道 ˆ

sec θdθ 可以使用) (b) (6%) 求曲線 y = x2

2 + 1 由 x = 0 到 x = 2 之弧長。

Solution:

(a)

ˆ

sec3θ dθ = ˆ

(1 + tan2θ)secθ dθ

= ˆ

secθ dθ + ˆ

tan2θsecθ dθ (1 points)

= ˆ

secθ dθ + ˆ

tanθ dsecθ

= ˆ

secθ dθ + tanθsecθ − ˆ

sec3dθ (2 points)

= ln|secθ + tanθ| + tanθsecθ − ˆ

sec3dθ (2 points)

=⇒

ˆ

sec3θ dθ = 1

2ln|secθ + tanθ| +1

2tanθsecθ + C (1 points)

or ˆ

sec3θ dθ = ˆ

sec3θcosθ cosθ dθ

= ˆ

sec4θ dsinθ

=

ˆ 1

(1 − sin2θ)2 dsinθ (Let u = sinθ) =

ˆ 1

(1 − u2)2 du

=

ˆ 1

(1 − u)2(1 + u)2 du (2 points)

= 1 4

ˆ 1

(1 − u) + 1

(1 + u) + 1

(1 − u)2 + 1

(1 + u)2 du (2 points)

= 1 4



−ln|1 − u| + ln|1 + u| + 1

(1 − u) − 1 (1 + u)

 + C

= 1 4

 ln

1 + u 1 − u

+ 2u 1 − u2

 + C 1

1 + sinθ

2sinθ 

(5)

(b)

ˆ 2

0

p1 + (y0)2dx = ˆ 2

0

√1 + x2dx (2 points)

(Let x = tanθ) =

ˆ tan−12

tan−10

1 + tan2θ dtanθ

=

ˆ tan−12 tan−10

sec3θ dθ (2 points)

= 1

2ln |tanθ + secθ| +1

2tanθsecθ

tan−12 tan−10

= 1 2ln|√

5 + 2| +√

5 (2 points)

(6)

5. (10%) 求由 x = 0, x = 1, y = 0, y =√

x2+ 1 所圍區域對 y- 軸旋轉的旋轉體體積.

Solution:

M ethod I ˆ 1

0

2πx√

x2+ 1 dx (5%)

= 2

3π(x2+ 1)32|10 (3%)

= (4√

2 − 2)π

3 (2%)

M ethod II ˆ 2

1

π(12− (y2− 1)) dy + ˆ 1

0

π dy

= (4√

2 − 2)π 3

(7)

6. (15%)

(a) (8%) 寫出 f(x) = sin x 在 x = 0 處之第四次泰勒多項式,並寫出泰勒定理中之餘項。

(b) (7%) 求 sin 20 之近似值,誤差小於 10−4。答案可用 π 表示,不必帶入 π = 3.14 · · · ,餘項 需仔細估計,以證明近似值之準確度。

Solution:

(a)

f (x) = x − x3/3! + cos(c)x5/5! , form some c (b)

sin(π/9) = (π/9) − (π/9)3/3! + cos(c)(π/9)5/5! ( 3 points )

|R(π/9)| ≤ (π/9)5/120 , where R(π/9) means the remainder term ( 2 points ) compute (π/9)5/120 ≤ (2/5)5/120 ≤ 4/46875 ≤ 1/10000 ( 2 points )

(8)

7. (12%) (a) (6%) 求 lim

x→∞x1x。 (b) (6%) 求 lim

x→0

ln(1 + x2) 1 − cos x 。 Solution:

(1)limx−>∞x1x = limx−>∞exp(1

xln(x))(3pt) If has some calculation error 2pt

= limx−>∞exp(1

x)(LHrule) = 1(3pt) (2) limx−>0ln(1 + x2)

1 − cos(x)=limx−>0

2x 1+x2

sin(x)(LH rule) (3PT) =limx−>0

2 1+x2 sin(x)

x

=2 (3PT)

(9)

8. (12%) 一人欲扛著長竹竿,要維持水平通過下圖之窄巷(寬為 1, 1 公尺),請問竹竿之長度最長可 以幾公尺?

1

1

Solution:

Observe that the length must be not larger than f (θ) := 1/ sin θ + 1/ cos θ, so it suffices to find the min. of f. (3pt)

f0(θ) = sin θ/ cos2θ − cos θ/ sin2θ = sin3θ − cos3θ

sin2θ cos2cos2θ, so f’=0 at θ = π/4 (3pt); f’> 0 for π/4 < θ < π/2 and f’< 0 for 0 < θ < π/4 (3pt).

So length ≤ f (π/4) = 2√

2 ≤ f (θ) (3pt)

參考文獻

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