Po Kok Secondary School

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Po Kok Secondary School S.1 Integrated Science

Chapter 1.1 Classwork Name:

What is Science?

Class: S.1 ( ) Date:

A. What is Science? P.3-4

• The study of things and phenomena in nature and how they affect us using scientific methods is called ___________________________.

• People who work in science are called __________________ .

• Scientists find answers by ________________________________.

B. How do Scientists work? P.5

• The first step of scientific investigation is _____________________.

• Observation involves gathering and recording detailed _________________ by using our five senses.

We use our five senses to ______________________________________________.

Experiment 1.1

Title: Learning to observe (P.5) Aim

To practise careful observation Materials and apparatus

A beaker, tap water, a vitamin C tablet

Procedures

Actions + The things the actions are done to + How or when or where you do the actions)

1. _____________________a beaker with water.

2. ____________ a ______________________ into the water and observe carefully.

3. ____________ the changes in beaker.

Results

! The size of the vitamin C tablet ________________________________________________

! The colour of the water ____________________.

! The temperature of the water (increased / did not change/ decreased).

! Smell: __________________________________________________

! Sound: __________________________________________________

! Other observations: _________________________________________

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Skill development 1.1 Making observations (Refer to P.6)

1. How does Betty know that the bubbles contain carbon dioxide? Can we know that a gas is carbon dioxide by looking at it?

2. How should Betty describe her observations?

C. Great scientists and their contributions.

• Scientists have made many _________________ and __________________.

Great scientists (Refer to P.7) Matching

The table below shows some scientific discoveries or inventions. Match the scientist on the left with their discoveries on the right.

Scientist Discoveries or inventions

(a) Charles Kao ( ) (i) the structure of DNA

(b) James Watson (ii) the basic relationship between energy

and matter

(c) David Ho ( ) (iii) optical fibres for telecommunications.

(d) Albert Einstein (iv) the cocktail therapy used to treat AIDS.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Making sentences: (Using the matching to make sentences)

(a) Charles Kao invented _________________________________________________

(b) James Watson discovered _____________________________________________

(c) David Ho __________________________________________________________

(d) Albert Einstein ______________________________________________________

discovered) or) invented)

Name of Scientist +Verbs ( ) + nouns

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D. Branches of Science P.8

(i) _________________ (ii) _________________ (iii) _________________

The study of matter, energy & forces.

The study of substances and the reactions between substances.

The study of living things

The branches of Science

(iv) _________________ (v) _________________

The study of rocks, soil and the structure of the Earth.

The study of the Sun, the Moon,

the Stars and the Planets.

E. Science improves our quality of life P.9

Science is important in the development of ___________________ , which has improved our quality of life.

For example:

(i) _______________________ (ii) ______________________ (iii) ____________________

More data can be carried by this than metal wires of the same diameter.

Development of paper batteries. Prevention of diseases.

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F. Limitations of Science P.10

Many problems and phenomena which scientists cannot ________________ or _______________. e.g. We can predict the path of typhoons, but we cannot stop them.

!

G. Does Science always bring us good? P.10

Science knowledge may cause _____________. e.g. Nuclear power can be used to generate ______________, but nuclear weapons could be used to destroy cities and kill millions of people.

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Po Kok Secondary School S.1$ Integrated$Science$

Chapter 1.2 Classwork Name:

The Science laboratory

Class: S.1 ( )

Date:

A. Knowing your laboratory P.12

! A laboratory is a place for doing ________________________________.

! Equipment in the school laboratory:

B. Laboratory safety rules (P.15)

DO'S

1. Follow your teacher’s instructions. Make sure you know what to do. Ask your teacher if you have any questions.

2. Wear ___________________ __ when heating and mixing substances 3. ___________ long hair and fasten school ties.

4. Keep the laboratory ___________ and ___________.

5. ___________ all accidents to your teacher at once.

6. Know the fire escape route.

7. ________________________ after doing experiments.

A school laboratory (1) ____________________ (2) ______________________

(3) ______________________ (4) ______________________ (5) ______________________

(6) ______________________ (7) ______________________ (8) ____________________

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DON’TS

1. DO NOT ____________ the laboratory without teachers' __________________.

2. DO NOT do any experiment without your teachers’ permission.

3. DO NOT eat or drink in the laboratory.

4. DO NOT __________ and _____ _____ in the laboratory.

5. DO NOT place any set-ups near the edge of the bench.

6. DO NOT _________________________ of a test tube towards anyone while heating.

7. DO NOT throw ____________ into the sink.

B. Hazard Warning labels (P.15)

Write down the meanings of the following hazard warning labels.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

D. Laboratory first aid (P.17)

1. Cuts: Clean and ______________ the cut.

2. Burns: Cool the burnt area under ____________________.

3. Chemicals on the skin: Wash the affected area under ____________________.

4. Chemicals in your eyes: Wash the affected eye with distilled water from an___________________.

5. Fires: Put out a fire using a _________________, _________________ or _________________.

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E. Laboratory apparatus (P.19)

Apparatus Function

a Test tube brush To clean test tubes

b To hold a test tube when heating

c To hold test tubes

d To heat substances

e To transfer small amounts of solids

f To hold liquids for heating

g To fix the position of apparatus

h To pick up small or hot solids

i To support the apparatus when heating

j To support the wire gauze

k To protect the bench from heating

e a

b

c d

g

h i

j

k f

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Apparatus Function

l To transfer a few drops of liquids

m To hold liquids or small solids

n To protect the eyes from chemicals

o To hold liquids or solids

p To hold a greater amount of liquids or solids

q To store liquids

r To store liquids that are used in drops

s To hold liquids or solids

t To stir liquids

u To hold liquids or solids

Matching

The table below shows some apparatus. Match the apparatus on the left with their uses on the right.

Apparatus The use of apparatus

1. Dropper (a) Store chemicals

2. Fire extinguisher (b) Stir liquid

3. Reagent bottle (c) Pick up hot objects

4. Glass rod (d) Transfer small amount of solution

5. Tongs (e) Measure the volume of liquid

6. Test tube (f) Put out fire

7. Measuring cylinder (g) Do the testing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

q m l

p

s

t

o

r

u n

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Making sentences: (Using the matching on section D to make sentences)

e.g. We use a Bunsen burner to heat up substances.

1. We use a dropper to ____________________________________________________________

2. We use ___________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________________________________

6. ___________________________________________________________________________

7. ___________________________________________________________________________

F. Sectional diagrams of apparatus (P.21)

A conical flask containing oil and water A sectional diagram of the set-up Examples of drawing experimental apparatus

Apparatus Sectional diagram

We + use + a ( . apparatus) + to + ( .the use of apparatus.)

(1) Use a simple line drawing to show the apparatus.

(2) Use a pencil and a ruler to draw the diagram.

(3) Label the parts of the diagram.

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Po Kok Secondary School S.1 Integrated Science

Chapter 1.3 Classwork Name:

Basic Experiment Skills Class: S.1 ( )

Date:

A Heating

I. How to light up a Bunsen burner? (P.24)

1. Open the windows and wear safety goggle.

2. Connect the to the gas tap.

3. Put the Bunsen burner on a . 4. Turn the to close the air hole.

5. Put the tip of the over the chimney, 6. Turn on the ____________ and press to ignite the gas lighter.

7. Open the to adjust the flame.

8. Turn off the after use.

II. Safety rules when using a Bunsen burner. (P.24)

Before lighting up the Bunsen burner,

! We should open ________________________.

" We should wear _____________________ to protect our eyes.

# We should make sure the rubber tubing is___________________.

$ We should keep books and paper __________________ the Bunsen burner.

% Close the air hole to prevent __________________________.

& DO NOT fully______________ the air hole because it may cause striking back.

' DO NOT touch the______________, ______________ or ______________ after heating!

III. Different type of Bunsen flame (P.26) (Draw the shape of

flame below) Air hole Type of flame Colour of flame Shape of flame Noise level ( )

Luminous

( )

Regular Noisy

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Experiment 1.3A

Title: Using a Bunsen burner (Refer to P.24)

Aim

To learn the correct method of lighting a Bunsen burner Materials and apparatus

Bunsen burner, Heat proof mat, Gas lighter Precautions

( Wear safety goggles.

( Do not touch the chimney after heating!

Procedures

Actions + The things the actions are done to + How or when or where you do the actions)

A. Lighting a Bunsen burner

1. Connect the rubber tubing to the gas tap.

2. _____________the _____________ on a

heat-proof mat

3. ___________ the ____________ by turning the collar.

4. ______________the tip of the gas lighter over the chimney.

5. ______________ the _______ and press to ignite the

gas lighter.

6. ___________ the ______ slowly to adjust the flame.

7. Turn off the gas tap after use.

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B. Observing the flame of the Bunsen burner

1. Observe the flame of the Bunsen burner when the air hole is closed.

2. Draw the outline of the flame in the diagram below and'colour'it. Record your

observation in the table below.

3. Turn the collar slowly until the air hole is half open. Observe the flame.

4. Draw the outline of the flame in the diagram below and'colour it. Record your

observation in the table below.

C. Results and observation

Air hole Type of flame Colour of flame Noise level

(quiet/ noisy) Outline of the flame

Open Non-luminous

Closed

B. Transferring Solutions (P.29)

! We use _______________ to transfer small amount of solution.

! We _______________ solutions directly to the test tube.

! We use a _______________ to help us to pour the solution.

Tips for transferring a solution

The stopper of the reagent bottle should be ________________.

DO NOT let the dropper touch __________________.

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C, Mixing solutions (P.31)

We usually ______________ the test tube.

We use a ______________ to _______

the solution.

We use a finger to ___________ the base of the test tube.

We use a ______________ to cover the test tube. We shake the solution up and down.

Experiment 1.3D Mixing solutions (Refer to P.31)

Aim

To observe and record results correctly.

Precaution

Wear safety goggles.

Procedure

Actions + The things the actions are done to + How or when or where you do the actions) You are given four bottles of solutions labeled A,B,C and D.

1. ____________ the colour of each solution in the table below.

2. ___________ 10 drops of solution A to a test tube.

3. __________ 10 drops of solution B to the same test tube.

4. _____________the test tube to,mix'the solutions.

5. _______________ your observations in the table below.

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6. ______________steps 3 to 6 with the other pairs of solutions.

7. ______________all the used solution into a beaker.

8. Then ___________ them into a waste bottle.

9. _____________the test tubes under the water tap using a test tube brush and

___________them back into the test tube rack.

Results and Observations

Solution mixed

Colour of the mixture

Is the mixture clear or cloudy?

Is a precipitate formed?

Yes/ No If yes, what colour is it?

A + B A + C A + D B + C B + D C + D

How to describe the colour.

( Colourless. (No colour) ( Dark green/ Green/ Pale green

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Po Kok Secondary School S.1 Integrated Science

Chapter 1.4 Classwork Name:

Making Measurements Class: S.1 ( )

Date:

A. Measuring Temperature (P.34)

! We use a to measure temperature.

! The unit is (________).

! Alcohol thermometer

Temperature = _____________°C Less accurate

Alcohol stained in red

! Mercury thermometer

Temperature = _____________°C More accurate

Mercury inside

Experiment 1.4A Measuring temperature (P.35) Aim

To practise using a thermometer to measure temperature.

Precaution

Be careful when handling a glass thermometer. If the thermometer breaks, tell your teacher immediately. DO NOT pick up any of the broken pieces.

Procedure

1. ______________!

the!room!temperature

!with!the!thermometer!by!placing!

it

!on!the!

bench.! !

2. _____________the!reading!when!it!is!steady.! ! 3. ____________!

the!temperature

!in!the!table!below.!

4. _____________!

the!bulb!of!the!thermometer

!in!your!hand!until!the!temperature!is!

steady.! !

5. _______________!

the!temperature

!in!the!table!below.!

6. ______________!

the!temperatures!of!some!tap!water

!and!

some!hot!water

.! ! 7. _____________!

the!temperatures

!in!the!table!below.!

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Results

Room Hand Tap water Hot water

Temperature ( )

B. Measuring Time (P.37)

! We use ___________________ to measure time.

! The units are ___________________________

Experiment Heat the water with a luminous flame.

Aim

To practice using a Bunsen burner

Materials and apparatus

! Bunsen burner

! Heat proof mat

! Gas lighter

! Beaker

! Tripod

! Wire gauze

Precautions

! Wearsafety goggles.

! Do not touch the chimney , tripod, wire gauze and beaker after heating!

Procedures

Actions

+

What you have to do the actions to + ⁽How or when or where you do the actions

1. Putthe Bunsen burner on_________________________________.

2. Put ________________________________ on a tripod and wire gauze 3. Pour _100cm³ _{of water}

into______________________ and put the beaker of water on the wire gauze.

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4. Turn________________ to close the air hole.

5. Putthe tip of the gas lighter over the chimney.

6. Turn on___________ ^and pressto ignite the gas lighter.

7. Turnoffthe gas tap after use.

Experiment 1.4B (Refer to Investigation Worksheet)

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C. Measuring Length (P.39)

! We use ______________to measure the length of pencil.

! We use ______________ to measure the circumference of a ball.

! We use______________ to measure the length of the bench.

! The units of the length are __________________________________________

! Unit of Length

Unit = ______________ Unit = ______________ Unit = ______________

! The correct way of taking a reading from a ruler

Length of the object = _____________cm

Experiment 1.4C Measuring length (P. 40) Aim

To choose a suitable ruler to measure length.

Materials and apparatus

! Metre ruler

! Half-metre ruler

! Plastic ruler

! Tape measure

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Procedures

A. Choosing a suitable ruler and measuring the length.

1. Choose a suitable ruler to measure the length of each object below.

2. Measure the length and record the result in the table below.

B. Measuring the thickness of one page of this book.

1. Use a plastic ruler to measure the thickness of 100 pages.

2. Calculate the thickness of 1 page.

(The thickness of 1 page = The thickness of 100 pages÷100) 3.

C. Measure the diameter of one pencil lead

1. Using___________________ to measure_____________________________.

2. _______________________________________________________________.

( )

Results

A. Choosing a suitable ruler and measuring the length B.

Object to be measured

Length of the

bench Circumference of

your head Diameter of a

HK$1 coin Length of your I.S. textbook Suitable ruler

Length (cm)

B. Measuring the thickness of one page of I.S. book

The thickness of 100 page of the I.S. book is __________________.

The thickness of 1 page of the I.S. book is ____________________.

C. Measure the diameter of one pencil lead

______________________________________________________.

______________________________________________________.

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D. Measuring Volume (P.41)

! We use a _______________________ to measure the volume of liquid.

! The water surface in a measuring cylinder is _____________.

! The curved surface is called a________________.

! The units of volume are __________________________________________

! The correct way to take a reading from a measuring cylinder:

Volume of water = ___________cm³

1.4D Measuring volume (P. 42)

Aims

! To practise measuring the volumes of liquid.

! To practise measuring the volumes of objects with irregular shapes.

Materials and apparatus

Measuring cylinder Plasticine block

Boiling tube Conical flask Thread Test tube

Procedures

A. Measuring the volume of water that a container can hold

1. Pour some water into a test tube until it is fully filled.

2. Pour the water from the test tube into the measuring cylinder.

3. Record the results in the table below.

4. Repeat steps 1-3 with boiling tube and conical flask.

B. Measuring the volume of an object with an irregular shape

1. Pour some water into a measuring cylinder. Record the volume of the water

(V1).

2. Tie a piece of thread to a plasticine block.

.

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3. Put the plasticine block gently into the measuring cylinder.

4. Record the total volume of the block and the water (V2).

5. Calculate the volume of the plasticine block.

(The volume of the plasticine block= V2-V1)

C. Measuring the volume of one drop of water from a dropper

1. Use _____________to add ____________________________________________.

2. Measure the __________________________________________________________.

3. Calculate ____________________________________________________________.

( ) Results

A. Measuring the volume of water that a container can hold

Container Test tube Boiling tube Conical flask

Maximum volume of water of container. (cm³)

B. Measuring the volume of an object with an irregular shape

V1 V2 The plasticine block

Volume (cm³)

C. Measuring the volume of one drop of water from a dropper

The volume of _______ drops of water from a dropper is______________________.

___________________________________________________________________.

E Measuring Weight (P.44)

! We use _______________ to measure the weight of powder.

! We use_______________to measure the weight of shoes.

! The units of weight are _______________________________________

1.4E Measuring Weight (P.45)

Aim

! To choose a suitable balance to measure weight.

! To measure the weight of a liquid.

Materials and apparatus

! Top pan balance

! Electronic balance

! Beaker

! Measuring cylinder .

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Procedures

A. Choosing a suitable balance and measuring the weight

1. Choose a suitable balance to measure the weight of each object below.

2. Measure the weight and record the result in the table below.

B. Measuring the weight of a liquid

1. Using an electronic balance to measure the weight of a dry measuring cylinder

(W1).

2. Add 50cm³ of water to the measuring cylinder.

3. Measure the weight of 50cm³ of water and the measuring cylinder

(W2).

4. Calculate the weight of 50cm³ of water.

(The weight of 50cm³ water = W2-W1)

C. Measuring the weight of a spoon of sugar

1. Using ___________________________ to measure _____________________.

2. Put the sugar on the spoon.

3. __________________________________________________________________.

4. __________________________________________________________________.

Results

A. Choosing a suitable balance and measuring the weight

A $10 coin The I.S. textbook My pen Suitable balance for

measurement Weight

B. Measuring the weight of a liquid

W1 W2 50cm³ of water

Weight

C. Measuring the weight of a spoon of sugar

W3 W4 A spoon of sugar

Weight

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! Key Point

Measurement temperature time length volume weight

Instrument(s)

Units commonly used and their symbols

Page 1

Po Kok Secondary School S.1 Integrated Science

Chapter 1.5 Classwork Name:

Scientific investigation Class: S.1 ( )

Date:

A. Conducting a simple scientific investigation (P. 48)

! Scientific investigations usually consist of the following steps:

1. _______________ the problem to be investigated.

2. Making a ____________________ . 3. _______________ an experiment . 4. ___________________ the experiment.

5. Drawing a ________________ .

B. Fair test (P.50)

! An experiment in which all variables are kept the same, except the one we are investigating, is called ___________________.

Test Is the test fair or unfair?

1.

The test is ( fair/ unfair ) Reason:

_________________________________

_________________________________

2.

The test is ( fair/ unfair ) Reason:

_________________________________

_________________________________

3.

The test is ( fair/ unfair ) Reason:

_________________________________

_________________________________

I did three tests on the hypothesis ‘Sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water.’

Are the tests fair or unfair?

Albert

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! The ‘3Cs’ to be considered in a fair test are:

1. The variable to be ___________________;

2. The variable(s) to be kept ___________________; and 3. What we want to ___________________.

! Identify the variables in a fair test (P.52):

Some people say that adding sugar to water helps cut flowers stay fresh for longer. We want to find out if this is true by comparing two groups of flowers. One group will be given just water and the other group will be given water with sugar added.

1. Identify which variable is to be changed and which variables should be kept constant.

Variables Variable to be changed Variables to be kept constant Volume of water

Type of flower Size of flower Where the flowers are

obtained

Shape of the container Whether sugar is added

2. What do we have to compare? – the __________________ that the flowers stay fresh.

3. Apart from those listed above, are there other variables to be considered? How should we handle them?

C. Example of a scientific investigation

(Refer to investigation WS)

water --- water with sugar

added