The Development of UWB Systems overlay Spread Spectrum Systems 黃偉銘、陳雍宗
E-mail: 9607714@mail.dyu.edu.tw
ABSTRACT
The performance analysis for the UWB (ultra-wideband) system overlay the spread-spectrum system is investigated in this thesis.
Except the Nakagami-m statistics is applied as the channel environments scenarios, there are some conditions were considered in this paper, e.g. the MAI (multiple access interference), PBI (partial band interference) and the correlated coefficient of multi-path
channels. This thesis aims on the study of channel correlation with the correlated Nakagami-m distribution. The MRC (maximal ratio combining) diversity is also adopted at the output of the receiver and there is the Rake receiver at the spread-spectrum system output. It is clear to known that the correlation can not be ignored in the consideration of the designing for a wireless
communication system.
Keywords : Nakagami-m distribution ; correlation coefficient
Table of Contents
封面內頁 簽名頁 授權頁．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． iii 中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．． iv 英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． v 致謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． vi 目 錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． vii 圖目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． x 第一章 緒論
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1 1.1 研究動機與目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1 1.2 論文綱要．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．． 4 第二章 通訊通道之衰落現象．．．．．．．．．． 5 2.1衰落現象之介紹．．．．．．．．．
．．．．． 5 2.2 多重路徑及多重衰落簡介．．．．．．．． ． 6 2.3 多重路徑衰落所造成的效應．．．． ．．．． 7 2.4 衰落的形式分類．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 7 2.4.1 小尺度衰落．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 8 2.4.1.1小尺度衰落
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8 2.4.1.2 時域上的變動性．．．．．．．．．．．． 9 2.4.2 大尺度衰落．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．． 10 2.4.2.1 路徑損耗．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 11 2.4.2.2 遮蔽效應．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．． 14 2.5衰落通道的數學模型．．．．．．．．．．．．．15 第三章 展頻 (spread spectrum) 技術介紹．．．． 18 3.1前 言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 3.2 DS-CDMA系統．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 3.3
MC-CDMA系統．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20 3.4多載波直序式 (MC-DS-CDMA)系統．．．．．．． 23 3.5 Multi-tone (MT)-CDMA系統．．．．．．．．． 25 第四章 UWB系統鋪度原理．．．．．．．．．．．． 28 4.1 MC-CDMA系統鋪設於UWB系統之介紹．．．．．． 28 4.2 鋪設系統之系統模式．．．．．．．．．．．． 30 第五章 UWB系統鋪度於展頻系統之研究．．．．．． 37 5.1 展頻系統發射系統模式．．．．．．．．．．． 37 5.2 衰落通道分 布分析．．．．．．．．．．．．． 39 5.2.1 獨立Nakagami-m分布．．．．．．．．．．． 39 5.2.2 相關性Nakagami-m分 布．．．．．．．．．． 41 5.3 展頻系統接收系統模式．．．．．．．．．．． 43 5.4 統計特性分析．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．． 44 5.4.1 系統效能分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 45 5.5 UWB系統鋪度於MC-CDMA系統之分析．．．
．．． 47 5.6系統效能之數值結果與討論．．．．．．．．．．48 第六章 結論UWB系統鋪度於展頻系統之研究．．．．
52 參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 53 REFERENCES
[1] Prasad, R. Hara, S. “An overview of multi-carrier CDMA”, 1996 IEEE 4th International Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 107-114, 22-25 Sept.
1996.
[2] Hara, S. Prasad, R. “Overview of multicarrier CDMA”, IEEE on Commun. Mag., Vol. 35, Issue. 12, pp. 126-133, Dec. 1997 [3] Hara, S.
Prasad, R. “DS-CDMA, MC-CDMA and MT-CDMA for mobile multi-media communications”, IEEE 46th Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 2, 28 April-1 May 1996.
[4] Xiang Gui, Tung Sang Ng, “Performance of asynchronous orthogonal multicarrier CDMA system in frequency selective fading channel”, IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 47, Issue. 7, pp. 1084-1091, July 1999.
[5] Shi, Q. Latva-aho, M., “Performance analysis of MC-CDMA in Rayleigh fading channels with correlated envelopes and phases”, IEE Proc.
Commun. Vol. 150, Issue. 3, pp. 217-220, June 2003.
[6] Sourour, E.; Nakagawa, M., “Performance of orthogonal multi-carrier CDMA in a multipath fading channel”, IEEE Global
Telecommunications Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 390-394, 28 Nov.-2 Dec. 1994.
[7] Sourour, E. Nakagawa, M., “Performance of orthogonal multi-carrier CDMA in nonfading and nonselective fading channels”, IEEE ISSSTA '94., IEEE Third International Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 203-207, 4-6 July 1994.
[8] Lie-Liang Yang Hanzo, L., “Serial acquisition performance of single-carrier and multicarrier DS-CDMA over Nakagami-m fading channels
”, IEEE Trans. on Wireless Commun., Vol. 1, Issue. 4, pp. 692-702, Oct. 2002.
[9] Lie-Liang Yang Hanzo, L., “Performance of generalized multicarrier DS-CDMA over Nakagami-m fading channels”, IEEE Trans. on Commun., Vol. 50, Issue. 6, pp. 956-966, June 2002.
[10] Lie-Liang Yang, Hanzo, L., “Multicarrier DS-CDMA: a multiple access scheme for ubiquitous broadband wireless communications”, IEEE Commun. Magazine, Vol. 41, Issue. 10, pp. 116-124, Oct. 2003.
[11] Rahman, Q.M., Sesay, A.B., “Performance analysis of MT-CDMA system with diversity combining”, IEEE MILCOM 2001, Vol. 2, pp.
1360-1364, 28-31 Oct. 2001.
[12] Rahman, Q.M., Sesay, A.B., “Data sequence detection for MT-CDMA signals”, IEEE CCECE 2002. Vol. 3, pp. 12-15, 12-15 May 2002.
[13] Rahman, Q.M., Sesay, A.B., “Non-coherent MT-CDMA system with diversity combining,” Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2001.
Canadian Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 1351-1356, 13-16 May 2001 [14] Matthias Patzold, “Mobile Fading Channel”, Wiley, pp.3-7, 2002.
[15] S. Bernard, “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, pp. 962-966, Prentice Hall International, Inc, 2001.
[16] T. S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications Principles and Practice”, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1996.
[17] B. Sklar, “Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mobile Digital Communication Systems Part 1: Characterization”, IEEE Commun. Magazine, pp.
90-100, July 1997.
[18] B. Sklar, “Digital Communications:Fundamental and Applications.” Prentice-Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1988.
[19] K. Feher, “Wireless Digital Communications:Modulation and Spread Spectrum Applications”, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1995.
[20] J. G. Proakis, 1995, “Digital Communications”, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
[21] Yacoub, M. D., “Foundations of Mobile Radio Engineering”, CRC Press Inc, 1993.
[22] Mondre, E., “Complex and Envelope Covariance for Rician Fading Communication Channels Communications”, IEEE Trans.
[legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 19, Issue: 1 , pp. 80-84, Feb. 1971.
[23] D. Middle, “An Introduction to Statistical Communication Systems and Techniques”, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1966.
[24] Suzuki, H., “A Statistical Model for Urban Radio Propagation”, IEEE Trans. on Commun., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 657-670, April, 1979.
[25] Nakagami, M., “The m-distribution – A Formula of Intensity Distribution of Rapid Fading in Statistical Methods in Radio Wave Propagation,” W. G. Hoffman Ed., Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1960.
[26] I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik, “Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 5th ed.” New York:Academic, 1994.
[27] M. K. Simon and M.-S. Alouini, “Digital Communications over Generalized Fading Channels:A Unified Approach to Performance Analysis,
” Wiley, New York, 2000.
[28] C. C. Tan and N. C. Beaulieu, “Infinite Series Representation of the Bivariate Rayleigh and Nakagami-m Distributions.” IEEE Trans. on Commun, Vol. 45, pp. 1159-1161, Oct. 1997.
[29] R. Prasad, and S. Hara, “Overview of Multicarrier CDMA”, IEEE Trans. on Commun. Mag. pp. 126-133, Dec. 1999.
[30] L. Hanzo, et. Al., “Singyle-and Multi-carrier DS-CDMA Multi-user Detection, Space-Time Spreading, Synchronization, Standarde and Networkin,” IEEE press-wiley, June 2003.
[31] N. Yee, J. –P. Linnartz, and G. Fettweis, “Multi-carrier CDMA in Indoor Wireless Radio Networks”, IEICE Trans. on Commun., Vol.
E77-B, No.7, pp. 900-904, July 1994.
[32] S. Kondo, and L. B. Milstein, “Performance of Multicarrier DS-CDMA System”, IEEE Trans. on Commun Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 238-246, Feb. 1996.
[33] Q. Shi, and M. Latva-aho, “Performance Analysis of MC-CDMA in Rayleigh Fading Channels with Correlated Envelopes and Phase”, IEE Proc. on Commun, Vol. 150, issue. 3, pp. 210-214, June 2003.
[34] T. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Park, K. Ko, S. Choi, C. Kong, and D. Hong, “Performance of an MC-CDMA System with Frequency offset in correlated Fading,” 2000 IEEE International Conference on, Vol. 2, pp. 18-22, June 2000.
[35] W. Xu, and L. B. Milstein, “Performance of Multicarrier DS-CDMA System in the Presence of Correlated Fading,” Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 3, pp. 2050-5054, 4-7 May 1997.
[36] Joy I. Z. Chen, and Reger K. S. Mio, “Performance Evaluation of MRC for MC-CDMA Communication System over Nakagami-m Channels,” Proceeding of 4-th International Symposium on CSNDSP, pp. 180-283, July 2004.
[37] Joy I. Z. Chen, ”Performance Evaluation of MC-DS-CDMA in Nakagami Fading Channels including Partial Band Interference,” Journal of Science and Tech. Vol. 14, Science and Tech. No. 1, pp. 27-37, Jan. 2005.
[38] Mohamed-Slim Alouini, Ali Abdi, Mostafa Kaveeh, “Sum of Gamma Variates and Performance of Wireless Communication systems Over Nakagami-Fading Channels,” IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 50, No. 6, Nov. 2001.
[39] Nie Yongxia, Yang Dacheng and Wang Wenbo, “Performance analysis of MC DS-CDMA in the presence of partial band interference,”
Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000. WCC - ICCT 2000. International Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 586-589, 21-25 Aug. 2000.
[40] Chen, Joy I. -Z. and Roger K. S. Miao, “Performance evaluation of MRC for MC-CDMA communication system over Nakagami-m channels,” Proceeding of 4-th International Symposium on CSNDSP, pp. 180-283, 2004 [41] Efthymoglou, G. P., V. A. Aalo and H. Helmken,
“Performance analysis of coherent DS-CDMA systems in a Nakagami fading channel with arbitrary parameters,” IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 289-297, 1997.
[42] Gradshteyn, I. S. and I. M. Ryzhik Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 6th Ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 2000.
[43] Lee, W. C. Mobile Communications: Design Fundamentals, 2nd Ed. 202-211. Wiley, New York, N.Y. 1993.
[44] Nakagami, M. The m-distribution- a general formula of intensity distribution of rapid fading. In: Statistical Methods in Radio Wave Propagation, 3-36. Pergamon, Oxford, U. K., 1960.
[45] Proakis, J. Digital Communications, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y., 1995.
[46] Schwartz, M., W. R. Bennett and S. Stein, Communication Systems and Techniques, Vol. 4, McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y., 1996.
[47] Zexian, Li and M. Latva-aho, “Analysis of MRC receivers for asynchronous MC-CDMA with channel estimation errors,” IEEE 7th International Symposium. on Spread-Spectrum Technology. & Application, Czech Republic, Vol. 2, 343-347, 2002.
[48] Zexian, Li, and M. Latva-aho, “ Error probability for MC-CDMA in Nakagami fading channels using equal gain combining,” IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol. 1, pp. 227-231, 2002.
[49] Zhang, Q. T., “Maximal-ratio combining over Nakagami fading channels with an arbitrary branch covariance matrix,” IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 1141-1150, 1999.
[50] Zhang, Q. T., “A generic correlated Nakagami fading model for wireless communications,” IEEE Transaction on Communication, Vol. 51, No. 11, pp. 1745-1748, 2003
