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行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

脂質代謝活性促進劑—雙帖類生物鹼 Nigellamines 及其衍 生物的合成研究

研究成果報告(精簡版)

計 畫 類 別 : 個別型

計 畫 編 號 : NSC 96-2113-M-468-001-

執 行 期 間 : 96 年 08 月 01 日至 97 年 07 月 31 日 執 行 單 位 : 亞洲大學生物科技學系

計 畫 主 持 人 : 張清堯

計畫參與人員: 碩士班研究生-兼任助理人員:鄭群燁 大專生-兼任助理人員:鄭晏棻

處 理 方 式 : 本計畫涉及專利或其他智慧財產權,2 年後可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 97 年 10 月 01 日

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國科科會會專專題題研研究究計計畫畫成成果果報報告告撰撰寫寫格格式

一、說明

國科會基於學術公開之立場,鼓勵一般專題研究計畫主持人發表其研究成 果,但主持人對於研究成果之內容應負完全責任。計畫內容及研究成果如涉及 專利或其他智慧財產權、違異現行醫藥衛生規範、影響公序良俗或政治社會安 定等顧慮者,應事先通知國科會不宜將所繳交之成果報告蒐錄於學門成果報告 彙編或公開查詢,以免造成無謂之困擾。另外,各學門在製作成果報告彙編時,

將直接使用主持人提供的成果報告,因此主持人在繳交報告之前,應對內容詳 細校對,以確定其正確性。

本格式說明僅為統一成果報告之格式,以供撰寫之參考,並非限制研究成 果之呈現方式。精簡報告之篇幅(不含封面之頁數)以4 至 10 頁為原則,完整 報告之篇幅則不限制頁數。

成果報告繳交之期限及種類(精簡報告、完整報告或期中報告等),應依本 會補助專題研究計畫作業要點及專題研究計畫經費核定清單之規定辦理。

二、內容格式:依序為封面、中英文摘要、目錄(精簡報告得省略)、報告內容、參 考文獻、計畫成果自評、可供推廣之研發成果資料表、附錄。

(一)報告封面:請至本會網站(http://www.nsc.gov.tw)下載製作(格式如附件一) (二)中、英文摘要及關鍵詞(keywords)。

(三)報告內容:請包括前言、研究目的、文獻探討、研究方法、結果與討論(含 結論與建議)…等。若該計畫已有論文發表者,可以A4 紙影印,作為成果 報告內容或附錄,並請註明發表刊物名稱、卷期及出版日期。若有與執行 本計畫相關之著作、專利、技術報告、或學生畢業論文等,請在參考文獻 內註明之,俾可供進一步查考。

(四)頁碼編寫:請對摘要及目錄部分用羅馬字 I 、II、 III……標在每頁下方中 央;報告內容至附錄部分請以阿拉伯數字1.2.3.……順序標在每頁下方中央。

(五)附表及附圖可列在文中或參考文獻之後,各表、圖請說明內容。

(六)計畫成果自評部份,請就研究內容與原計畫相符程度、達成預期目標情況、

研究成果之學術或應用價值、是否適合在學術期刊發表或申請專利、主要 發現或其他有關價值等,作一綜合評估。

(七)可供推廣之研發成果資料表:凡研究性質屬應用研究技術發展之計畫,

請依本會提供之表格(如附件二),每項研發成果填寫一份。

三、計畫中獲補助國外或大陸地區差旅費、出席國際學術會議差旅費或國際合作研 究計畫差旅費者,須依規定撰寫心得報告,以附件方式併同成果報告繳交,並 請於成果報告封面註記。

四、打字編印注意事項 1. 用紙

使用A4 紙,即長 29.7 公分,寬 21 公分。

2. 格式

中文打字規格為每行繕打(行間不另留間距),英文打字規格為Single Space。

3. 字體

報告之正文以中英文撰寫均可。在字體之使用方面,英文使用 Times New Roman Font,中文使用標楷體,字體大小請以 12 號為主。

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行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫 ■ 成 果 報 告

□期中進度報告

(計畫名稱)

脂質代謝活性促進劑-雙萜類生物鹼 Nigellamines 及其衍生物的合成研究

計畫類別:■ 個別型計畫 □ 整合型計畫 計畫編號:NSC 96-2113-M -468 -001-

執行期間:96 年 08 月 01 日至 97 年 07 月 31 日

計畫主持人:張清堯副教授 共同主持人:

計畫參與人員:劉惠銘副教授(弘光科大)、許如婷助理教授(樹人醫專) 鄭群燁(中興大學化學所碩士班)、鄭晏棻(亞洲大學生物 科技系大學部專題生)

成果報告類型(依經費核定清單規定繳交):■精簡報告 □完整報告

本成果報告包括以下應繳交之附件:

□赴國外出差或研習心得報告一份

□赴大陸地區出差或研習心得報告一份

□出席國際學術會議心得報告及發表之論文各一份

□國際合作研究計畫國外研究報告書一份

處理方式:除產學合作研究計畫、提升產業技術及人才培育研究計畫、

列管計畫及下列情形者外,得立即公開查詢

■涉及專利或其他智慧財產權,□一年■二年後可公開查詢

執行單位:亞洲大學生物科技學系

中 華 民 國 97 年 10 月 01 日

附件一

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一、中、英文摘要

(一) 中文摘要。

關鍵字:鏈黴菌,睪丸甾酮,非固醇類抑制劑,內皮樣細胞。

在本計劃中,我們以 4-取代吡啶衍生物為起始,利用吡啶環上質子酸性強度的特異性

來建構不對稱的多取代吡啶化合物,再以合成 cyclopenta[c]pyridine 架構的途徑來合成

louisianin C 和 D,產率分別為 22%及 20%。

由於 louisianin C 和 D 具有抑制血管內皮樣細胞生長的作用,除了在本計劃中合成

louisianin C 和 D,同時希望對 Louisianins A-D 之衍生物的進行合成研究,並且提供其他 研究團隊進行相關生理活性之測試研究。

(二)英文摘要。

Key words:Streptomyces sp., Louisianins A-D, SC 115 cells, vascular endothelical cell, cyclopenta[c]pyridine.

An efficient synthetic route for the preparation of louisianins C and D was developed starting from the commercially available 4-cyanopyridine. Using a novel cyclization-decarboxylation sequence, louisianins C and D were synthesized through the key intermediate 4-bromo-6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridin-5-one 6 in six steps with overall yields 22% and 20%, respectively.

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二、報告內容

原訂之研究方向為脂質代謝活性促進劑-雙萜類生物鹼Nigellamines 及其衍生物的合

成研究,但受限於經費執行期限僅為一年期計畫,故本實驗室遂將研究方向轉為血管內皮 樣細胞生長抑制劑-louisianin C 和 D 的合成研究。在有限的人力與時間之下,本實驗室 成功地以簡短的合成步驟,完成了 louisianin C 和 D 的全合成,並且已將本研究投稿於國 際知名期刊 The Journal of Organic Chemistry,目前正在審查中。以下為本投稿文章之 內容:

───────────────────────────────────

N R1

R2

R3 A O OH 3-propenyl B OH, H OH 3-propenyl C O H 3-propenyl D O H trans-1-propenyl

R1 R2 R3

Figure 1. Structures of louisianin family.

Louisianins A-D were isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces sp. WK-4028.1 Louisianin A inhibited the growth of SC 115 cells (IC50 = 0.6 µg/mL), while louisianins C and D potently suppressed the tube formation of cultured vascular endothelial cells in vitro.1-3 To date, only limited reports have been published for the syntheses of louisianins C and D. In 2003, Kelly reported the synthesis of louisianin C via a symmetrical 3,5-diallyl-substituted pyridine (6 steps in 11% yield).4 In 2006, Chang and co-workers synthesized louisianin D successfully utilizing a fused bicyclic glutarimide as the key intermediate (10 steps in 18% yield).5 Recently, Taylor et al.

prepared both louisianins C and D starting from an unusual 1,2,4-triazine (8-9 steps in 13~16%

yield).6 The low overall yields in the above methods are not quite satisfactory yet, thus leaves plenty room for further improvements.

In our previous paper, we have developed an efficient way for the total synthesis of louisianin A via a cyclization-decarboxylation sequence to establish a fused cyclopentenone moiety.7 The same strategy is applicable to the preparation of louisianins C and D, which share a common skeleton with louisianin A. In this report, we disclose the syntheses of C and D derivatives, thus affirm the value of this sequence as a general route for the preparation of the whole louisianin family.

Scheme 1. Total syntheses of louisianins C and D

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N CN

1

1) LTMP, THF, -95 oC 2) CBr4, THF, -95 oC

(80%) N

CN

2

Br 1) LDA, THF, -95 oC 2) I2, THF, -95 oC

(74%) N

CN

3 Br I

N CN

CO2CH3

N CN

CO2CH3 CO2CH3, Pd(OAc)2

K2CO3, TBAB, CH3CN 90 oC (92%)

H2, PtO2 CH3OH, rt (64%)

4 5

Br Br

N O 1) tert-BuOK, THF, 0 oC Br

2) HCl(aq), CH3OH, reflux (71%)

6

, Pd(PPh3)4 DMF, 85 oC (90%)

SnBu3

N O

Louisianin C

N O

Louisianin D , Pd(PPh3)4

SnBu3

DBU, DMF, 85 oC (82%)

The complete synthetic sequence is shown in Scheme 1. An ortho-lithiation of cyanopyridine was achieved by treatment of 4-cyanopyridine 1 with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LTMP, 2 equiv) at –95 ºC. Subsequent bromination was completed by the addition of carbon tetrabromide to give 3-bromo-4-cyanopyridine 2 in 80% yield. This result is better than what reported previously by Rault.8 A second ortho-lithiation was executed by treatment of 2 with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA, 2 equiv) at –95 ºC. The reasoning behind this sequence was based on an increased acidity of H(5) on 2 by the inductive effect of bromine atom.

Therefore, 3-bromo-4-cyano-5-iodopyridine 3 was obtained upon quenching the resulting reaction mixture by iodine in 74% yield.9 In 1H NMR spectrum, the structure of compound 3 was confirmed by the appearance of two singlets at δ 8.98 and 8.81 for H(2) and H(6), respectively.

Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction with methyl acrylate according to the standard Heck procedure yielded a 1:1 mixture of (E)-methyl 3-(5'-bromo-4'-cyanopyridin-3'-yl)acrylate 4 and a de-iodinated product 2.4, 7 The reaction was improved by using Pd(OAc)2 in acetonitrile in the presence of TBAB, whereas the regioselective product 4 was obtained in 92% yield.10 The equal isotopic abundance of parent peaks at mass units 266 and 268 affirmed the persistence of a bromine atom. Subsequent hydrogenation using 10% Pd/C in methanol did not yield the desired product, but instead a de-brominated derivative methyl 3-(4'-cyanopyridin-3'-yl)propanoate. The presence of two aromatic protons with a mild coupling constant (ca. 5 Hz) indicated that they were located next to each other.11, 12 The target compound, 3-(5'-bromo-4'-cyanopyridin-3'- yl)propanoate 5, can be obtained successfully in 64% yield by changing the catalyst to PtO2.13 In

1H NMR, the two aromatic protons appeared as two singlets at δ 8.77 and 8.63.

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The key step of synthesis is a cyclization-decarboxylation sequence, which has been developed previously by us during the preparation of louisianin A. Under a similar condition, compound 5 was treated with potassium tert-butoxide at 0 oC to generate an enolate first, which then attacked the cyano group to form a fused five-member ring. Successive hydrolysis under acidic condition induced a decarboxylation to give 4-bromo-6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridin-5- one 6 in a satisfactory yield (71%).7 The carbonyl group exhibited a strong absorption at 1724 cm-1 in the infrared spectrum. The final Stille coupling with allyltri-n-butyltin by Pd(PPh3)4 in DMF generated louisianin C in an excellent yield (90%).7, 14 The spectra of louisianin C agree well with those reported in the literatures.2, 4, 6

As indicated in literatures,3, 6 louisianin C could be transformed to louisianin D through thermodynamic isomerization. Following the same procedure of synthesizing louisianin C, a base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) was added into the reactor in order to induce an isomerization. Indeed louisianin D was obtained in a remarkable 82% yield. The trans-located olefinic protons exhibited a large coupling constant (16.2 Hz), consistent with the predicted structure. All spectroscopic features of louisianin D thus prepared were identical to the reported values.2, 5, 6

In summary, we have developed a concise and expedient route for the total syntheses of louisianins C and D in high yields. In the synthetic sequence we have utilized a previously developed cyclization-decarboxylation procedure to complete the fused double ring structure in a common key intermediate. The overall yields were higher than previously published methods, and the number of steps was fewer. By this work we have developed a general and efficient route for the preparation of all members in the louisianin family.

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三、參考文獻

1. Komiyama, K.; Takamatsu, S.; Kim, Y.-P.; Matsumoto, A.; Takahashi, Y.; Hayashi, M.;

Woodruff, H. B.; Ōmura, S. J. Antibiot. 1995, 48, 1086-1089.

2. Takamatsu, S.; Kim, Y.-P.; Hayashi, M.; Furuhata, K.; Takayanagi, H.; Komiyama, K.;

Woodruff, H. B.; Ōmura, S. J. Antibiot. 1995, 48, 1090-1094

3. Sunazuka, T.; Tian, Z.-M.; Harigaya, Y.; Takamatsu, S.; Hayashi, M.; Komiyama, K.; Ōmura, S. J. Antibiot. 1997, 50, 274-275.

4. Beierle, J. M.; Osimboni, E. B.; Metallinos, C.; Zhao, Y.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4970-4972.

5. Chen, H.-W.; Hsu, R.-T.; Chang, M.-Y.; Chang, N.-C. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 3033-3035 and references cited therein.

6. Catozzi, N.; Wasnaire, P.; Taylor, R. J. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 2865-2868.

7. Chang, C.-Y.; Liu, H.-M.; Chow, T. J. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 6302-6304.

8. Cailly, T.; Fabis, F.; Lemaître, S.; Bouillon, A.; Rault, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 135-137.

9. (a) Gribble, G. W.; Saulnier, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 21, 4137-4140. (b) Karig, G.;

Spencer, J. A.; Gallagher, T. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 835-838.

10. (a) Back, T. G.; Pandyra, A.; Wulff, J. E. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 3299-3302. (b) Zhang, Z.;

Zha, Z.; Gan, C.; Pan, C.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, M.-M. ibid. 2006, 71, 4339-4342.

11.

N CN

CO2CH3

3-(4'-cyanopyridin-3'-yl)propanoate

The compound was identified by 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.19 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H).

12. (a) Sone, T.; Umetsu, Y.; Sato, K. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1991, 64, 864-868. (b) Faucher, N.;

Ambroise, Y.; Cintrat, J.-C.; Doris, E.; Pillon, F.; Rousseau, B. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 932-934.

13. Nakazato, A.; Ohta, K.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Okuyama, S.; Chaki, S.; Kawashima, Y.; Hatayama, K.

J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 1076-1087.

14. (a) Stille, J. K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1986, 25, 508-524. (b) Echavarren, A. M.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5478-5486. (c) Markey, M. D.; Fu. Y.; Kelly, T. R. Org.

Lett. 2007, 9, 3255-3257.

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四、計畫成果自評

在我們的研究中,成功地以 4-cyanopyridine 為起始物以簡短的合成步驟來合成 louisianin C 和 D,雖然不是第一個合成 louisianin C 和 D 的研究,但不論在合成策略的 擬定及合成產率上,都是領先於其他實驗室之結果。在ㄧ系列相關天然物的合成上,本實 驗室以建立起自己的研究方向。

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可供推廣之研發成果資料表

□ 可申請專利 □ 可技術移轉 日期: 年 月 日

國科會補助計畫

計畫名稱:

計畫主持人:

計畫編號: 學門領域:

技術/創作名稱

發明人/創作人

中文:

(100~500 字)

技術說明

英文:

可利用之產業 可開發之產品

技術特點

推廣及運用的價值

※ 1.每項研發成果請填寫一式二份,一份隨成果報告送繳本會,一份送 貴單位

研發成果推廣單位(如技術移轉中心)

※ 2.本項研發成果若尚未申請專利,請勿揭露可申請專利之主要內容。

3.本表若不敷使用,請自行影印使用。

附件二

參考文獻

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