ۢܓ ᇅ ۢ໕࠯ ၑᡜєࢃ in-house panels Ӷঢ়ࠣຠϊಣ ȃ hom e use tests ঢ়৴ٻңၑᡜȃ focus groups ฑᘉထ ᇅབڨݨҭϜޠ online research Ӷጤԓ።ࢦ Ȅ ःف޲ԥೱӉጃ्߭୉ޠၑᡜ࢑ӬۤйԥԚҐਞ ઊޠȄ Ӭۤٻң ੒ຳ޲ःفєࢃȈ † τ೤ዂҀൠःفၑᡜࠊޠ౱ࠣᑣᒶȃ † ຠզପਠ׾ᡑޠུ౱ࠣϛຯα୧ዀܗл्ࠣทԚҐ७մޠԇࣁ૗Ω † ܗ ࢿோ੒ຳ޲ཏُՅ៯ٻ౱ࠣ໡ึȇ ϛӬۤ ၑᡜٿՍȈ † ৰޠ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ1 / 55ॳ ಒ13ത

௒ད࠯ၑᡜȈ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜڸӶঢ়ࠣຠϊಣ௦ڨܓၑᡜ Af fe ctiv e t e sts: Consumer T e sts and In-House P anel Accept a nce T e st s 13.1 ҭޠᇅᔗң ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ ޠॷ्ҭޠ Ȉ Κ ໷ ౱ࠣȃ౱ࠣᄻདྷܗ੬ۢ౱ࠣ឵ܓ ௵ ң ڐҭࠊܗ዗Ӷ੒ຳ޲ٿຠۢঐ΢Ӳᔗ (༟Ԃȃ୒Ԃȃൊ᠎ pr e fer ence І / ܗ ௦ڨܓ accept ance) Ȅ ੒ຳࠣᇨആ୧࣐л्ޠٻң޲Ȃ݉ଡ଼ཿ๊ηளٻңȄ Ґത൸᝱დ c onsumer t e st s ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜ І in-house af fectiv e t e st s Ӷঢ়௒དၑᡜ ೪ॏණٽ्྆ԓࡿЖȂ؂ၐᅿޠଇ፤፝୥ྲ஠ਫȄ ੒ຳ޲ःف (c onsumer s tudies) ࢑ ߇ᓁޠ Ȃ ӱՅԥ Ӽ२ޠᒶᐆ Ȅ ౫ϭԥ ϛЎ΢෇୥ђ ႇ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜȂڑ࠯ၑᡜєࢃ 100~500 ՞ ዀޠ੒ຳ޲ (t arget consumers) Ȃϸ ࣐ 3~4 ࠳ Ҁ ӵ ᘉ Ȅ ዀޠ੒ຳ޲хߓᄈ౱ࠣԥཏშޠ ထᡞ (the population for whom the product is intended) Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ2 / 55ॳ

ۢܓ ᇅ ۢ໕࠯ ၑᡜєࢃ in-house panels Ӷঢ়ࠣຠϊಣ ȃ hom e use tests ঢ়৴ٻңၑᡜȃ focus groups ฑᘉထ ᇅབڨݨҭϜޠ online research Ӷጤԓ።ࢦ Ȅ ःف޲ԥೱӉጃ्߭୉ޠၑᡜ࢑ӬۤйԥԚҐਞ ઊޠȄ Ӭۤٻң ੒ຳ޲ःفєࢃȈ † τ೤ዂҀൠःفၑᡜࠊޠ౱ࠣᑣᒶȃ † ຠզପਠ׾ᡑޠུ౱ࠣϛຯα୧ዀܗл्ࠣทԚҐ७մޠԇࣁ૗Ω † ܗ ࢿோ੒ຳ޲ཏُՅ៯ٻ౱ࠣ໡ึȇ ϛӬۤ ၑᡜٿՍȈ † ৰޠ ၑᡜقಜ

/঩࠯/঩਱

(

protocols

)ȃၛୱڣȃ੒ຳ޲ᑣᒶস (

screeners

)Ȃ ܗ † ᇳң ၑᡜᓀᇳ౱ࠣȃၑᡜਣ໣ϛᄈϟ๗ݏȂ ܗ † ஡ၑᡜڦхҀൠ።ࢦःف Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ3 / 55ॳ

ڑ࠯ޠ੒ຳ޲ःفᆈሗ໾ਠϟپ ȈӶ Ρঐ࠳Ҁ ໍ՘ Ȃ ༔ ໲ഷߗ Ρ໋ϲ ෇Ӷ߰ւ୧ۺ ᗋຶᆈሗ໾ਠϟ 18-34 ྒعܓ Ȃ೼ٳ ዗Ӷڨ೥޲ ഇႇႬၘ ܗӶ፳ൠޠ८ፚٿᑣᒶ Ȃ ᒶяԥཏ୥ђ޲๞ϡөᆎ໾ਠІຠϸߓ Ȃ ༳ ቹ я ༟Ԃܓຠ઼ᇅ౪Ҧ Ȃ ٯၛୱп܂ޠᗋຶಭᄜᇅԒឮ ȃ Ԟ Τ ȃ ᙜ ཿ ȃ न ෂ๊ၦਠȂ๗ݏॏᆘ࣐ᐍᡞᇅڐѻ໷ҭϟᎍԂຠϸȄ Ԅڦூ ઎ᄃޠࢿُ /ُ၍ (t rue ins ig h ts ) Ȃ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜ ޠਞңབ ା Ȅ † ࢿُ ԥԄ঩Ґె؞ϛ݃Յᕢ໣ᗆด໡ਮਣޠ ” ΄ࠥ "Ȅ † ࢿُ ௄ ۢܓ ᇅ ۢ໕።ࢦ എѠ຀КȂپԄϊࡇ҉໡߇Ңᚄᇑφٯ༰ܢ߇ ҢᚄӶρѨбޠРݳȂܗ࿌ݨຝΚݕዦګ୬ޠᇒ੊ ൸ጃᇰяᘁ࡚ޠۣ ૗ ଊ ਁ Ȅ Ҽ֊੬րቸຝϟࠊґ෇᠚ႇޠུଊਁܗ޲ೞᗵ৅ ȃ ڂӬޠө ᆎ኶ᐄȂᗘռϬࡼпΚૢள೤ޠᄙ࡚ᄈࡠȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ4 / 55ॳ

ߗԒȂདۣޠ੒ຳ޲ःفስ஀ я౫ц΢ਐᏮޠᡑϾȂєࢃȈ † Ӷ౱ࠣ໡ึโזޠ໡ۗਣၽң ዂጚࠊᆓ ( fuzzy front end) Ȃ † ණٽᐡཽ໡ ఃІึ౫ ґึᖑ੒ຳ޲ޠሰ् ڸ † ໡ึԟ෉໧ࢳޠ product dy namic s ౱ࠣ୞ᄙ Ȅ ዂ ጚ ࠊ ᆓ ޠ ԥᜱНᝧ୥Ꭸ Appendix 12.5 Ȅ ःف೪ॏ (Study design) ሰଭᄈႲ෉੒ຳ޲ထՅಡЗ໕ٙॐձ Ȅ † ౱ࠣ୾ርϾள्࣐ϛӤᢏಁ୉ϛӤޠ።ࢦ೪ॏ Ȃ ۢ໕ڸۢܓቺ८ޠӓ ౩ܓ።ࢦϑ݃ᡘቩђ Ȅ ၯ୾ᇅၯНϾޠ੒ຳ޲ःفѠ୥Մ ASTM E18 Ȅ ଭᄈ༟ Ԃܓܗ௦ڨܓϟഷԥਞၑᡜ ڦ؛ܼ ၐಡ೪ॏޠၑᡜ঩਱ Ȃ ٯ ஡хߓ౱ࠣҦсಡᑣᒶޠ΢সࢋ՘Ȅ † ၑᡜ঩਱ᇅ΢সޠᒶᐆ࢑਴ᐄ ॏฬҭޠ Ȃ ϛ ፤ե೏ٻңۣ૗ࠣຠഎ࢑ ्݃ҪۢဏॏฬҭޠȂ೼ᖃЩள߇ຳजߝ 10,000-100,000 ϰܗ؂Ӽޠ ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜ؂ђ२्Ȃ Ӷঢ়௒ད࠯ၑᡜ η ࢑݂ີޠȇໍ՘ 20-40 ΢ޠ 20 ϸយၑᡜܛє֥ᖡЬᇅ໡᎜ޠᖃॏԚҐႁ 400-2000 ϰजߝȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ5 / 55ॳ

௄ॏฬޠِ࡚Ȃໍ՘੒ຳ޲ၑᡜϟ ౪Ҧ ளᘫӱܼȈ

† ౱ࠣᆱࡼProduct maintenance † ౱ࠣ׾ً/ഷᎍϾProduct improvement/optimization † ུ౱ࠣ໡ึDevelopment of new products † Ҁൠ዗ΩຠզAssessment of market potential † ౱ࠣ᜹րᆤຠProduct category review † ኅ֚ຨؒڟֆSupport for advertising claims

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ6 / 55ॳ

13.1.1 Pr oduct main tenance ౱ࠣᆱࡼ ॶࠣܗϾָࠣϵѨ R&D ІҀൠഌߟϏձԥ࡟τޠЩ౦࢑௄ٲ౫՘౱ ࠣᆱៗᇅڐҀൠխԥ౦Іխԥ໕ Ȃ ґኈ៫౱ࠣ੬ܓІᐍᡞ௦ڨܓޠࠊණ ί Ȃ ໍ՘ԚҐ७մ ȃ ପ ਠڦх ȃ ᇨ โІପР׾ᡑ ȃ є၇׾ᡑ๊ Ȅ ೼ ૢᔗ ңޠۣ૗ࠣຠၑᡜτഎ࢑ ᒲᜌၑᡜ (

discrimination tests

)Ȃ ຠۢ౱ࠣ ϟ໣ޠৰ ౵ܓܗࣻծܓ Ȅ࿌๗ݏϛ࢑ϿପਣȂሰ஡ΚܗӼ໷ " near misses " ಌՎ ੒ຳ޲୉؛ۢ Ȃ Ԅ ݏ঩࠯ՎЎႁژ Ӥ๊ ( pari ty ȇ ௦ڨܓܗ༟Ԃܓ )ܼҭࠊ ౱ࠣܗ೩ᝰލ౱ࠣȄ ౱ࠣᆱࡼ Ӷࠣ፵ᆔښ /ࠣ፵ߴᜍᇅॶң෉४ /ຮᙡॏฬ࢑२्፟ᚡȈ Ÿ Ӓ࡛Ҵ੒ຳ޲ᄈዀྦࠣܗ௢ښಣ౱ࠣޠ ௒དޒᄙ ( “ af fe ctiv e s ta tus ”) Ÿ ପӬ QC ܗຮᙡၑᡜȂ௵ң ϲഌ࠯ၑᡜ ( inte rn a l te st s) ขۢӱਣ໣ȃ ఩ӈȃ঩ਠٿྜ๊Յ׾ᡑޠൾ࡚τϊᇅ࠯ԓ Ÿ ۣ૗ޠৰ౵ᡘ຀ਣȂໍ՘੒ຳ޲ၑᡜ Ÿ ᕤ၍ ӼЎৰ౵ ཽኈ៫੒ຳ޲ޠ௦ڨܓ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ7 / 55ॳ

13.1.2 Pr oduct impr o v emen t/ o p timiz a tion ౱ࠣ׾ً /ഷᎍϾ † ౱ࠣ׾ًॏฬȈ ೾ள൷׳џᆺฑ ( “ fix ”) ܗණЁ ( upgr ade) ΚܗΡ ໷ᜱᗥޠ౱ࠣ឵ܓȂ࢑੒ຳ޲ࡿяሰ्ԥٳ׾ໍȄ † ౱ࠣഷᎍϾॏฬ Ȉ ׾ᡑΚٳପਠܗᇨโ୥኶ٿ׾ໍࡿۢ឵ܓӱՅ ණЁᐍᡞ੒ຳ௦ڨܓȄ ೼ڎॏฬഎ्ңԂޠ ඣख़ܓ ࠣຠყ Ȃ ࣐ (1) ጃᇰഷߒޠ੒ຳ޲ሰ्ڸ (2 )ᡜ ᜍ Ԛѓ঩࠯ޠ੬ܓȄ ׾ً౱ࠣ឵ܓޠॏฬጓپ࣐Ȉ † ቩ஽२ᘉॸ੊І /ܗॴک ឵ ܓ ȂپԄ ᘦᘣȃ߇ҢȃѾջΩ๊Ȅ † ቩ஽२्ޠ፵ӵ឵ܓ Ȃܗ७մ॓८ޠܓ፵Ȅ † ७մདޤޠϛًл። ȞپԄ Ȉ ໔ ૓йୂޠ፵ӵ ȃ ച ک ȃ ΢ϏЬݏکȟ Ȅ † ׾ໍ Ѡདޤܓ૗ޠ੬ᘉ ȂԄၷεޠॸ੊ࡼ៊ ȃ؂ђ߬ᝌȃ ؂ᕇዝҫ ጴ๊Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ8 / 55ॳ

Ӷ౱ࠣ׾ًॏฬ Ȉ Ÿ ᇨձ׾ًޠ঩࠯ኻࠣ Ÿ ඣख़ܓܗ឵ܓࠣຠყၑᡜ Ÿ ࢦᜍܛ׾ً឵ܓޠৰ౵࣐ Ѡདޤޠ Ÿ ಌՎ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜȂขۢѠདޤޠ౱ࠣ׾ًᇅڐᄈᐍᡞ௦ڨܓܗ ༟Ԃຠϸϟኈ៫ Ӷ౱ࠣഷᎍϾॏฬȞ೏౪ପਠܗᇨโᡑ኶ȟ Ȉ Ÿ ඣख़ܓϸݚ Ÿ ጃᇰܛኈ៫ޠл्ۣ૗឵ܓ Ÿ ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜขۢȂԄ੒ຳ޲Ѡདޤ឵ܓޠᡑϾڸ٦ኻޠঔႻණЁ ᐍᡞຠ઼ ឵ܓ׾ᡑޠःفഀӤ੒ຳ޲ຠϸ૗ ஋ᡲϵѨጃᇰᇅᕤ၍঻ٳ឵ܓІ / ڸପਠܗᇨโᡑ኶૗ ஋ֆܼණЁҀൠαޠᐍᡞ௦ڨܓȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ9 / 55ॳ

13.1.3 Dev e lopmen t of new pr oducts ུ౱ࠣ໡ึ ڑ࠯ޠུ౱ࠣ໡ึโזϜ Ȃ ං ঐ२् ᖓ๗ᘉ ൸ሰ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ Ȃ ឌ ԄȈ † focus groups ฑᘉထ ຠ໕Κঐ྆܉ܗ঩࠯ȇ † ஡ၑᡜ౱֖ࠣ๞੒ຳ޲ᆓࣽІដᄦϟ fea sibility studies Ѡ՘ܓःف ȇ † ౱ࠣ໡ึ෉໣ޠ central location tests ϜЗӵᘉၑᡜ Ȃ ጃ ᇰ౱ࠣ੬ܓЩ ᝰލᄈК؂ڏႲ෉ޠᓻᘉȇ † Ҁൠขၑ෉໣ᇅᝰލᄈК२ᘉЩၷȇ † ഃؐ໕Ͼ໧ࢳޠЇ᙮ЩၷȂጃۢ ܛ्ޠ੬ܓՎτ໕Ң౱໧ࢳϬ੽ԇȇ † ӶԚߞ෉Ȃп ϜЗӵᘉ

(central location)

ᇅ Ӷঢ়ٻң

(home use)

ၑᡜ؛ۢᝰ ލ޲ȞლၑሃαȟޠԚѓโ࡚Ȅ ਴ᐄؑΚ໧ࢳၑᡜޠ๗ݏ Ȃ п І R& D ঔ׾ପРܗᇨโܺτޠ૗Ω Ȃ ུ ౱ࠣ໡ึڻ෉௄኶УՎංԒȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ10 / 55ॳ

Ӷུ౱ࠣ໡ึޠႇโϜȂሰٻңංᆎ ᜹࠯ޠ௒ད࠯ၑᡜȂឌԄȈ ¾ Ӳᔗഷߒޠ྆܉ (respon ses to the f irs t concepts) ȃ ¾ ܛᒶޠ྆܉ ᄈ ঩࠯ (cho sen concepts vs. prototypes) ȃ ¾ ϛӤޠ঩࠯ (di fferent prototypes )ȃ ¾ ᝰލᄈຬ ᄈ ঩࠯ (competition vs. prototypes ) ๊Ȅ Ӷ໡ึႇโޠӉΚਣࢳȂၑᡜҭޠཽԄӤ౱ࠣᆱࡼॏฬܛ୉ޠȂឌ ԄϜ໣Ϗኆ໕Ͼ (s cale-u p )ܗഷᎍϾॏฬȄ ץഁ঩࠯໡ึ ( Rapid prototype development ) ңܼαҀਣ໣฼Յ؛ۢ ౱ࠣԥࡩय़ܓȂ ւңໍ՘Ϝள௦ដޠዀޠ੒ຳ޲ထٿԞ໲Ҵ֊ܓӲ㔴Ȃ ණٽ๞౱ࠣ໡ึ୉ץഁޠᡑ؂Ȃด ࡤӕ๞ዀޠ᠚ಁڦூໍΚؐޠӲ㔴Ȃ ၑᡜРݳ௵ңєࢃϊ೤ዂޠϜЗӵᘉၑ ᡜܗۢܓःف ϟ РԓȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ11 / 55ॳ

13.1.4 Assessmen t of mark et pot e n tial Ҁൠ዗Ωຠզ Ҁൠ።ࢦϟၛୱڣ೪ॏȂ໹ۣ૗ϸݚ஠ঢ়ࡿЖःفᇅ໡ึϟ୥ᇅȄ 13.1.5 Pr oduct c a tegory r e vie w ౱ࠣ᜹րຠ፤ ϵѨஆܼίӗҭޠՅःف ౱ࠣ᜹ր ( product category )ȈΠ ၍ Ս ԥ ࠣ ท ӶᝰލࠣทϜޠ՞ဋ ᇅ ጃᇰӶ౱ࠣ᜹րϜԥᐡཽѠ૗ԇӶޠୣ஀ ౱ࠣܗ঩࠯ Ÿ ϛӤ /ഷτୣႥۢ՞ Ÿ ඣख़ܓϸݚ Ÿ Ӽᡑ໕ϸݚ Ÿ ౱ࠣᇅ឵ܓޠࣻᄈ৵Ӫпშםߓұ ೼ᡲःف޲Π၍ Ȉ (1) Ӷ౱ࠣ /឵ܓޠޫ໣ຬ४Ϝ Ȃ ө ᆎ౱ࠣпІڐ឵ ܓԄեӵ ထ໲ ( clus te r ) (ޑп᜹ᆺ ) (1) ၏ޫ໣ຬ४ϲѠ૗ԥུ౱ࠣԇӶޠᐡཽ (2) ۢဏུ౱ࠣ࢑঻ٳഷٺޠ឵ܓ ѫѵȂ ηᡲ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜ ං ঐࣻӤޠ౱ࠣȂ ೼๗ݏѠ ஡ڐѻӪ໕Ȟپ Ԅ੒ຳ޲ᐍᡞൊ᠎࡚І /ڸ੒ຳ޲ޠᐍӬܓңᇮԄ cr eam yȃ rich ȃ fr esh, ܗ soft ȟ׺ৣՎޫ໣ȂΠ၍ڸ੒ຳ޲ޠൊ᠎โ๊࡚ϟ໣ޠᜱ߾Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ12 / 55ॳ ၅щȈPerception and acceptance of selected high-intensity sweeteners and blends in model soft drinks by propylthiouracil non-tasters and super-tasters. Zhao and Tepper, 2007. Food Quality and Preference 18: 531–540

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ13 / 55ॳ PCA composite model for the perception of the sweeteners in citrus-flavored soft drinks. Figure represents all subjects. ASP (aspartame), ASP/ACE (acesulfame-K) and SUC (sucralose) had similar sensory profiles that were distinct from the other sweeteners. 8 or 10% HFCS (high-fructose corn syrup).

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ14 / 55ॳ

13.1.6 Support for adv ertising claims ኅ֚ຨؒޠМࡼ ኅ֚ϟ౱ࠣᇅ݉ଡ଼ຨؒȈሰ्ԥਞΩޠ኶ᐄМࡼ 13.1.7 Uncovering Consumer Needs ࡸ௩੒ຳ޲ሰؒ Ѡ഻ആяུޠᑀ੬ޠᐡཽܗ஠࣐੒ຳ޲ޠሰؒՅ୉׾ًϟ౱ࠣȂᄈۣ ૗ࠣຠΞϬ໡ึϜޠୣ஀Ȅ ᕤ၍੒ຳ޲݃ᇴІґᇴяޠ ne eds ሰ्ȃ wants དྷ्ȃ wis h es ෉ࡠ І be h a viors ՘࣐ Ȃٻ౱ࠣޠ೪ॏಓӬ੬ۢሰ्ȂឌԄஆܼȈ † ؂ђҭዀᏳӪܓۢဏ౱ࠣޠ྆܉ІሰؒȂ † ؂஽ޠ୧ཿ਱پڐໍ৥ڦ؛ܼٲᄃІ੬ۢ੒ຳ޲ޠ ࡿӪԓଊਁ Ԟ໲೼ٳၦଊ೾ளп ۢܓКࢳ ࣐२ᘉȂឌԄ ᢏᄇԓःف (observational research ) ȃ ΚᄈΚ८ፚ (o ne-on-one interviews) ȃ ᗋޑᘉ८ፚ (point-of-purchas e interviews) ȃ Сଅ І ঢ়৴೥ୱ ๊Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ15 / 55ॳ

13.2

The Subjects/Consumers in Affective Tests

௒ད࠯ၑᡜޠڨၑ޲ /੒ຳ޲ 13.2.1 Sampling and Demogr aphics ௵ኻІ΢πಜॏᏱ ϛ፤եਣۣ૗ၑᡜȂ ᒶяΚ ထ ΢ ձ࣐τ ထ ᡞ ޠኻҐȂ௄Յ஠ঢ়וగ ཋᐍяΚٳ๗፤Ȅ † Ӷᒲᜌၑᡜ

discrimination tests

( ৰ౵ᇅඣख़ၑᡜ )Ȃ஠ঢ়ܫኻ҂ְܗ҂ְ ϟα૗Ωޠঐᡞٿขၑৰ౵ Ȃ Ξ ᇰ࣐Ԅݏ೼ٳ΢ϛ૗ࣽяৰ౵ Ȃ ٦ ؂ τޠထᡞηࣽϛژȄ † կӶ௒ད࠯ၑᡜȂ௄ᛂτ ထᡞ ѬࢋձࢆᒶܗܫኻϬϛ஋Ȃ੒ຳޑࠣІ ݉ଡ଼्ၑ຀ ૗ಓӬ ዀޠထᡞ ޠሰ्ȃᒶᐆҀൠܗсಡᒶяထᡞޠۢ՞ ୣ༶Ȅ೼ٳޠ्ؒዀྦሰ्ۣ૗ϸݚ஠ঢ় ॷӒ؛ۢ౱ࠣܗ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬޠ ထᡞ ȇ پ Ԅ Ȉ ђ౰ጋ᜹ԟᓢޠዀޠҕᡞᔗ࢑Ϯܼ 4-12 ྒ ϊ ࡇȇჱ Ѩ ᇅ ᓻੀޠᒶᐆҀൠཽ࢑ࠓђԏȇାቌ੶᝙ࠣȃՙ ᇣܗᐡٚȂΚૢ੒ຳထ ୣ༶࢑ 25-35 ྒԒሇ΢Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ16 / 55ॳ

੒ຳ޲ःف΢স८ᄈޠϏձ࢑Ӷ ᇰۢᇅٻң х ߓዀޠ ထ ᡞϟ੒ຳ ޲ኻҐޠሰ् ڸ ्࡟Ҕጃޠ΢πӵ౪Ᏹዂԓ Յٻңᑣᒶস ( screener) ޠ߇ຳ ڎ޲ϟ໣୉ ҂ᒌޠՄ ໕Ȅ † ᑣᒶ࢑֐ூ्ۤԥདྷݳڸٿՍϛ༊੒ຳ޲ःف޲ηє֥౱ࠣ໡ึ ܗҀൠःف΢স๊ޠђΤȂ † ᑣᒶႇโܛԞ໲ޠଊਁԥֆܼ؛ۢ΢ထϟ໣ޠࣻծܓᇅৰ౵ܓȂ † пІ೼ኻࣻծ /ৰ౵ܓԄեኈ៫܂ࡤ౱ࠣޠൊ᠎โ࡚ᇅᗋຶኔȄ ԥਞ౦ޠᑣᒶস (s creener) Κ໡ۗ൸्ךఽྀःفҭޠȄ ଭᄈ ۢܓІ ۢ໕ၑᡜܛॐޠᑣᒶዀྦಡ࿾ѠпϛӤ Ȃ կ ԥ ٳ ୱᚡ࢑ڎ޲എ्ޠ Ȃ پ ԄԒឮ ȃ ܓ ր ȃ ᙜ ཿ ȃ ᆎఋ ȃ Ԟ Τ ȃ Κૢಭᄜ ȃ ᡺ఄܓ ȃ ѠМңਣ໣І ୥ᇅཏ᜺๊Ȃᄈܼ඾ႈٻңޠ౱ࠣԄ cold cereals, soft drinks, beer, cookies І८િȂѬ ् ᑣ ᒶ ၏ ౱ ࠣ ࠣ ท ܗ ᜹ ր ޠ ٻ ң ޲ ܗ ዗ Ӷ ٻ ң ޲ Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ17 / 55ॳ

ٸྲ ΢πಜॏᏱ्Մኍᑣ ᒶขၑ޲ޠ఩ӈȂєࢃȈ ‹ User gr oup ٻң޲ထ – ٸ΢πϜϛӤထᡞޠ੒ຳᓝ౦ܗ౱ࠣޠٻңȂ ࠣทစ౪ள஡ٻң޲ϸ᜹࣐ሇ࡚ ligh tȃ Ϝ࡚ moder a te ܗ२࡚ hea vy ࠯Ȃ೼ٳң᜞ା࡚ٸԇܼ౱ࠣޠ࠯ԓІڐҔள੒ຳ (T able 12.1) Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ18 / 55ॳ

ᄈΚޣᡑϾޠ౱ࠣឌԄႬφ౱ࠣȂ ስᓟٻң޲

(the lead users)

ཽණٽഷ ԥң೏ޠ౱ࠣ྆܉

(product concept)

ଊਁ Ȃ ስᓟٻң޲ ЩΚૢ΢؂ԟᇰޤሰ ؒٯლၑџႁԚ ȇ ѫ Κዀޠ΢ထєࢃ ϛᅗཏޠٻң޲ ๊ Ȃ уউٻң࢛౱ ࠣѠ૗࢑ҀൠαϬณ؂Ԃޠ෈хࠣ Ȃ ࣐Π഻ུࡧᆱҀൠःف΢সཽ൷׳ ೼ထ΢Ȅ੬ੇ౱ࠣܗ੒ຳထไЎޠུ౱ࠣ୉੒ຳ޲ၑᡜޠԚҐାȄ ‹ Ag e ԒԒ ឮ – ౱ࠣϛӤөԥڐ੒ຳ޲Ԓឮቺ ‹ Gender ܓր – ੒ຳಭᄜІᄈຬϛӤ ‹ Income Ԟ Τ ɯ੒ຳ૗ΩІ౱ࠣᄈຬϛӤ ‹ Geogr aphic loca tion ӵ ౪ ՞ ဋ – ༟Ԃܓϟӵୣܓৰ౵ ‹ Na tionality ୾ ᝳ ȃ re gi on ӵ ୣ ȃ race ᆎ ఋ ȃ religion ۡ ఁ ȃ educa ti o n ఁ ي ȃ empl oymen t Ϗ ձ ๊

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ19 / 55ॳ

13.2.2 ၑᡜڨၑ޲ٿྜ Sour ce of T e st Subjects: ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜ௄ٻң౱ࠣޠ੒ຳ ޲୉ܫኻȂࢆᒶ୥ђޠঐᡞԥήᆎȈ ໳সȃܤ༔ӗ࣐΢Ϙᔭ਱ϟ࿌ӵ۩ҖᇅΚૢҖಁȄ 13.2.2.1 ჎স Employmen t ௄ ੒ຳ޲ထᡞܫ ኻȂ౪፤α௷ଷ჎সᇅߤߗ۩Җ ȄดՅஆ ܼ ԚҐᇅ ਣ໣Մ໕ Ȃ ഌϸၑᡜϬ௵ң Ȃ Ԅ ౱ࠣᆱៗ࣐ҭޠ Ȃ կ౱ࠣ׾ًІഷᎍϾ ࠍϛۤ௵ң ȞѠٻңຠۢၑᡜኻࠣڸϑޤዀྦࠣܗ௢ښ౱ࠣϟ௦ڨܓܗ ༟Ԃܓޠࣻᄈৰ౵ȟ Ȅ ໳স௦ڨܓၑᡜ Ȉ࿌Ҕጃٻңᇅ४ܼ౱ࠣߴࡼ ਣ Ȃ ໳ স࢑࣐ԥ ң ޠ ၦྜ ȇ ӱዤோ౱ࠣᇅၑᡜϏձ Ȃ ૗೏౪ၷӼޠኻࠣ ȃ ᒲ ᜌΩၷٺ ȃ Ӳ ᔗ ၷץ ȃ ၷࣹᓁ ȇ Ӷᄃᡜࡊ Ȟ

a central location test

םԓȟ ܗழ౱ࠣӲঢ়ໍ՘Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ20 / 55ॳ

ུ౱ࠣ໡ึ ȃ ౱ ࠣഷᎍϾܗ౱ࠣ׾ً Ȃ ࠍ ϛѠٻң໳সܗߤߗ۩ҖȄ ܿ౱ҢΚٳ୒ُȈ ‹ ་Ӫ൷׳౪Ҧٿൊ᠎्׾ᡑޠኻࠣܗԄς੊մဤਣ׳౪Ҧٿܣڨ၏ ౱ࠣ ‹ Unable t o wei g ht ᠍२ desir able char act eris tics ag ains t undesir able ones in the same w a y a c onsumer w ould ‹ ࿌ϵѨᇨആϛӤҀൠሰؒޠϛӤ౱ࠣ Ȃ ѵഌၑᡜ ѠᒶңөՍޠዀޠ ੒ຳ޲ໍ՘Ȃկ௵ң໳সࠍ֐Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ21 / 55ॳ

13.3 Choice of T e st Loc a tion ၑᡜൠܛޠᒶᐆ ၑᡜൠܛӵᘉ ― ᄈ๗ݏԥ࡟Ӽኈ៫Ȉӵ౪՞ဋϛӤȃໍ՘ӵРཽ؛ ۢ౱ࠣϟ௵ኻᇅࠣᔂРԓ ӤኻޠኻࠣІ੒ຳ޲ӶϛӤၑᡜӵᘉѠ૗ூژϛӤޠ๗ݏȄ † ౱ࠣٻң /ၑᡜϟਣ໣ߞ฼ † ౱࣐ࠣ௢ښܗҔளٻңίܛᇨറ † ౱ࠣ࢑൑ᑀܗഀӤڐуॶޑΚକࠣᔂ † Ӷঢ়৴ϜԚস܅ԫޠኈ៫ † ၛୱڣޠୱᚡӼᄁІፓᚖܓ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ22 / 55ॳ

13.3.1 Labor a tory T e st s ःفࡊၑᡜ ᓻᘉȈ † ౱ࠣᇨറІ֖౫૗сಡޠ௢ښ † Ѡ୉ٲࠊݨཏᇴ݃ † ᚠՔІڐѻຝញαޠৰ౵ѠᎎጷȂٻϟ໲Ϝݨཏమ௥ଇॴکܗ፵ӵ ޠৰ౵ ુᘉȈ † ՞ဋཱཽུұၑᡜ౱ࠣྜՍ၏ϵѨܗ੬ۢϏኆȂҦܼӒࠊޠစᡜѠ૗ ཽኈ៫ԚُІႲ෉ȄԥٻңစᡜІΠ၍ޠ౱ࠣளᏳयᄈৰ౵ܓԥၷ ାޠ᡺ఄ࡚ȂࢉᄈѠޤញৰ౵ޠЇᔗϛ૗ҔጃЇ࢏ዀޠထᡞȄ † ߩ឵Ҕளޠ੒ຳРԓȂཽኈ៫ІҔ८ܗ॓८឵ܓޠขяܗຠۢȄ † ዀྦϾޠᇨറؐ᡾ᇅ౱ࠣ೏ဋ঩਱ґ૗ԄӤӶঢ়Ϝޠ੒ຳ޲՘࣐І စᡜȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ23 / 55ॳ

13.3.2 Cen tr a l Loc a tion T e st s ϜЗӵᘉၑᡜ ೾ளᒶ዗Ӷᗋຶ޲ᆺ໲ܗѠ༙໲ϟӵᘉໍ՘Ȅ ᄊ ॓ೱ΢ӶҀ໲ ȃ ᗋޑϜЗ ȃ ఁஇܗၑᡜᐡᄻ๊೪ဋࠣຠϊ໣ܗ઩ၪܙ ࡊ Ȃ Ᏹਯϊ݊Ѕңޠ౱ࠣѠӶᐈൠ Ȃ ϸݚϾᏱঢ়ңޠ౱ࠣηѠӶ஠ཿ ཽឋ෉໣ໍ՘Ȅ ᄊ ڨ೥޲ޠ௦ࡠІᑣᒶഎӶ໡ܺޫ໣ Ȃ ᒶ яขၑ޲ЖᏳՎࡍഗୣ Ȅ ΢ স ηѠпႬၘႲᑣᒶȂᗝՎႲۢޠขၑӵᘉȄ ᄊ ڑ࠯ձݳȂؑΚӵᘉࢆᒶ 50 ʂ 300 ΢Ȅ ᄊ ౱ࠣᇨറ्ᗘ໡Շҭ Ȃ ܺ Τ 3 ༅ጇዀᜌޠݕዻ֖ଛ Ȅ ҦܼϸЗޠѠ૗ ܓାȂᇴ݃ᇅୱᚡഎ्ఽ඿ײ्ȇၛୱڣጓپ୥ྲ Appendix 12.3 .

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ 13 തȈ௒ད࠯

ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ24 / 55ॳ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ25 / 55ॳ୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ26 / 55ॳ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ 13 തȈ௒ད࠯

ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ27 / 55ॳ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ28 / 55ॳ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ29 / 55ॳ

Cen tr a l Loc a tion T e st s ᓻᘉ Ȉ † ᔗၑ޲Ӷ௢ښޠ௒ݸίࠣຠ౱ࠣȇӉեཽആԚᇳ၍ޠӱષѠӒ՘௷ ଷȃڦூၷ઎ᄃޠӲᔗ

† пഷಥޠٻң޲ၑᡜȂጃߴ๗ݏޠԥਞܓ † ᐍঐၑᡜ఩ӈᎍңܼτኻҐ΢኶ȂйӲԞ౦ା † ΚԪၑᡜѠӤਣ୉኶ঐ౱ࠣȂՄ໕൑՞ԚҐՅڦூࣻ࿌໕ޠၦଊȄ л्ુᘉ Ȉ † ౱ࠣޠขၑϬӶ΢࣐೪ۢޠ఩ӈίࣻᄈޠϛӤܼҔளޠٻңȂԄᇨ റȃ੒ຳ໕ȃٻңϟਣ໣Іߞ฼Ȅ

† ्ၛୱޠୱᚡ኶ԥܛ४ښȂณݳڦூ؂ӼޠଊਁȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ30 / 55ॳ

13.3.3 Home Use T e st s Ӷঢ়ٻңၑᡜ τӼ኶ޠ਱پȂӶঢ়ٻң ၑᡜ ( ܗ ঢ়৴ܺဋၑᡜ home placemen t te sts) хߓ੒ຳ޲ၑᡜޠഷಥϏձ Ȅ † ౱ࠣ࢑ӶҔளٻңޠޒᄙίၑᡜ † ୥ᇅ޲ೞࢆᒶяٿхߓዀޠထᡞ † Ѡڦூᐍঐঢ়৴ޠཏُȂԚস܅ԫ໣ޠኈ៫ηӗΤՄ໕ † ԫѵȂηѠਰᄈє၇ᇅٻңᇴ݃ ڑ࠯ޠ୉ݳȈ ˖ 75-300 ঢ়৴ /࠳Ҁȇ 3 ܗ 4 ঐ࠳Ҁ ˖ ೾ளᇨറڎঐ౱ࠣ Ÿ ಒΚঐኻࠣٻң 4 Վ 7 Љ Ȃ ༳ቹၛୱڣ Ÿ ӕ ණяಒΡঐኻࠣІຠۢȄၛ ୱ ڣ ጓ پ ୥ ྲ ߤᓄ 12.3

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ31 / 55ॳ

ᓻᘉ Ȉ ‹ ౱ࠣӶՍดٻңޠޒᄙίᇨറᇅ੒ຳ ‹ ӶᗋޑϜЗޠ௦ُၑᡜ Ȃ ڦ ூኻࠣ༟Ԃܓޠଊਁ࢑ஆܼᛨۢޠ (ٿՍ २ፓٻң )Յߩ༊༊ಒΚӠຬȄ ‹ २ፓٻңᄈᔗ๏޲ޠತᑗኈ៫ѠණٽᜱܼΚӕޠ᎜୶዗Ωϟၦଊ ‹ ૗щϸւңᄃᡜ೪ॏໍ՘௵ኻॏฬ ‹ ϱ೩؂Ӽޠਣ໣༳ቹၛୱڣȂ૗Ԟ໲౱ࠣө໷੬ܓԥᜱޠ؂Ӽၦଊ ુᘉ Ȉ ‹ ૊ຳਣ໣ Ȟ 1-4 ໋ȟ ȃ ࣻၷܼ cen tr a l loc a tion t e st Ȃ ؑԪޠᔗ๏޲኶Ў ೩Ӽȇژ೩Ӽ՟ୣԥϛ्҇ޠຳਣІຳңାȃґӲ๏ϟ྆౦τ ‹ ഷӼѬᇨറ 3 ঐኻࠣȇࢉԄ౱ࠣഷᎍϾІ౱ࠣ᜹րຠख़ϟ multisample t e st s ࠍϛᎍңȃѠၑᡜኻࠣᇨറਣѷᇳޠटڨܓ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ32 / 55ॳ

13.4 Affective Test Methods—Fuzzy Front End 13.4.1 Definition, Purpose, Outcome ࡸ௩੒ຳ޲ޠሰؒ೾ள௄ କᓟ ɯ ዂጚࠊ෉ ( fuzzy front end ) Ȅ ڑ࠯ձݳ എӶॏฬޠߒ෉໧ࢳȂ ឌԄȈϬ᝱დϜ ȃߒ෉ޠҀൠᇅ׭೛Ѡ՘ܓϬຠ զϜȃ ऐ ખܓᄻདྷґя౫ϟࠊȄ ௵ңᑀ੬ޠ (unique) РݳȂӱ्࣐Ԟ໲઎Ҕ឵ܼ੒ຳ޲ᄈຬޠၦଊȂ ჌౱࣐ࠣեᇅԄեӵٻң Ȃ Ԅ եӵൊ᠎ ȃ ϛ ൊ᠎ᇅሰ् Ȅ ᘞ ڦ೼ૢቺԪ ޠၦଊΚۢ࢑्ົ຺ளᄙޠዂԓȂள௵ңۢ໕ІۢܓޠКࢳȄ 12.4.2 Applications Ӷዂጚࠊ෉ޠ።ࢦȂϱѠ : „ ൸ڏԥ੬Քܗ੬րۣ૗ܓ፵౱ࠣޠᗋຶ޲ϟ௥ف „ ౱ࠣޠѓ૗ܓІҢޑϏᏱϟःف „ ੒ຳ޲ԄեঔႻ౱ࠣܗ໸ᔗᡑ ؂ңݳٿӬоሰؒ „ ึ௩ᄙ࡚ȃᖟЦ՘࣐І୞ᐡޠНϾϲో „ ௵ᢏᄇРԓໍ՘੒ຳ޲ӶՍٙᕘძϜޠ።ࢦःف

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ39 / 55ॳ

1 3 .5 ௒ད࠯ၑᡜȈۢܓޠ (AFFE C TIVE METHODS: Qualit a tiv e ) 13.5.1 ᔗң ۢ໕௒ད࠯ၑᡜ

(qualitative affective tests)

࢑ւң ८ፚ І ฑᘉ ထ

focus groups

๊РݳȂᡲ хߓ੒ຳ޲ޠထᡞኻҐ ᇴяуউᄈ౱ۣࠣ૗ܓ፵ޠད ញȂՅขۢуউޠ лᢏӲᔗ subjectiv e r esponses Ȅ ᔗңܼίӗ௒םȈ ‹ ࡸ௩ᇅΠ၍੒ຳ޲ۧґ ᡘ౫ޠሰؒȂڟֆҀൠ໡ึ΢সᇰᜌ੒ຳ՘ ࣐ᇅ౱ࠣٻңޠᗎ༗ Ȅ ឌԄȈ࣐եຶѳᎉ៯୞ٚ ࢑ Ӷࢨݷၰ՘ٗȉ єࢃ΢᜹Ᏹ޲ІҖఋᇭᏱ޲ϟःف΢সໍ՘८ፚȄ ‹ ຠ໕੒ຳ޲ᄈΚ໷౱ࠣ྆܉І /ܗ঩࠯౱ࠣޠഷߒӲᔗ Ȅ ԄΚঐ྆܉ ԥٳ௦ڨ࡚ܗЇϟԥٳ݃ᡘޠୱᚡȂ ࿌ ౱ࠣःف΢স्ί؛ۢ ਣȂ ۢܓၑᡜϱ೩੒ຳ޲ՍҦଇ፤၏྆܉І /ܗԟ෉ޠ঩࠯ Ȃ ᆤ Ӭଇ፤ޠ ๗ݏІᓄॲழѠᡲःف΢স؂ђΠ၍੒ຳ޲ᄈ ܼ྆܉ܗ঩࠯ޠഷߒ ЇᔗȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ40 / 55ॳ ‹

ᕤ၍੒ຳ޲ඣख़Κ໷྆܉ȃ঩࠯ܗ୧ཿ౱ࠣޠ ۣ૗឵ܓ Ȃܗ޲౱ࠣ ޠۢ՞ܛٻңޠᇮཋ Ȅ ೪ॏ੒ຳ޲ୱڣІኅ֚ਣȂۤ௵ң੒ຳ޲Ᏻ ӪޠңᇮȂࣦ

ܼٿՍҀൠܗ౱ࠣ໡ึޠ᜞ཋȇۢܓၑᡜϱ೩੒ຳ޲ٻң Սϐޠᇮّଇ፤౱ࠣޠ឵ܓȄ

‹ ௄ۢ໕ःفᚅఽٯᘘτ੒ຳ޲ޠӲᔗȄ ۢ໕ःفң्ܼ ؛ۢ੒ຳ޲ Ԅեൊ᠎࢛ Κ౱ࠣܗᄈܼۣ૗឵ܓޠЇᔗȂ կٯߩഎѠ׈ ᐍӵ׻՟ ಡཌྷޠৰրܗຠ઼

(rating)

नࡤޠ౪Ҧ Ȅ ؂౐ΤޠΠ၍Ѡ्ؒ੒ຳ޲Ӷ ۢ໕ၑᡜ׈ࡤໍ՘ΚᄈΚ८ፚȂܗเࡤංЉӕӲٿձ࣐ฑᘉϊಣȄ ‹ ᕤ၍ᜱܼٻ ң ੬ۢ౱ࠣϟ੒ຳ޲՘࣐ Ȅ ࿌౱ࠣःف΢সདྷ् ข ໕੒ ຳ޲Ԅեٻң࢛ٳ౱ࠣܗᄈٻңโזԄե ޠЇᔗȂۢܓၑᡜѠ௥સ ڐ౪ҦІ੒ຳ޲՘࣐ޠಭᄜȄ п ί፤ख़ޠۢܓРݳȂሰ् ା࡚ଌጜ ޠ ८ၑস inte rv iewe rs /лࡼ΢ moder a tor s Ȅ Ҧܼ८ၑস /лࡼ΢ڸ੒ຳ޲ϟ໣ޠһϤኈ៫โ࡚ା Ȃ ८ၑ স ҇໹Π၍ထᡞϤ୞׭Ѿ ȃ ௥સୱᚡޠ׭೛ Ȃ ߓ౫ϜҴޠ׭೛ Ȃ п Іձ яᖃ๗ᇅൣ֚ޠ׭ѾȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ41 / 55ॳ

13.5.2 Qualitative Scre ener De v e lo pment ۢܓᑣᒶᏣޠ࡛Ҵ ៬ࡋ ࢑೪ۢᑣᒶዀྦϟഷԂޠၦଊٿྜ Ȃଷ 12.2.1 ໷ၸӗΚٳ঩ࠍ ܓ໷ҭ Ȃ ԥ Κقӗୱᚡңٿࢦ݃єࢃٻңಭᄜ ȃ ؛ۢᗋຶޠӱષ ȃ ᄈ ౱ ࠣܗପਠႇఄܗఄད๊Ȃٯၛୱᄈ྆܉ޠ௦ڨ࡚Ȅ ҦܼѬ Ў኶ Ӳᔗ޲ ୥ђۢܓःفȂ ࡛Ҵ੬ۢޠᄙ࡚ܗ ٻң೤ጓ ൸ߩ ள२्ȂпጃۢӲᔗ޲࢑ಓӬᝓੀ೤ጓϟӼኻϾ΢ထޠхߓȄ ۢܓᑣᒶޠл्ϏձϟΑ࢑ЖᏳ੒ຳ޲ л୞୥ᇅထᡞଇ፤ ȂԄ ݏ у / ԃউӶထᡞϜ዆ཏϵ໡ᇴяՍϐޠཏُ Ȃ ८ၑস ൸ၛୱؑ՞୥ђ޲ Ȅ ࢉ ᡘด঑ᒶ΢सߩ዆ཏ໡πϸٵདញȂ൸ϛᎍӬ୥ђۢܓଇ፤Ȅ ഷࡤΚ໷ޠᑣᒶ೤ጓ࣐঑ᒶ޲ߓႁདྷݳІདញޠ૗ΩȂ ೼Ѡ௵ң८ ፚ๗؃ࠊණୱޠ ໡ܺଇ፤ԓୱᚡ ( open-ended question )ձຠ໕Ȃԫୱᚡ ᔗ࢑ȶԄݏղ૗ႅُᐤѭϜޠ΢ޑȂ٦ཽ࢑፣ȉ࣐Ϩቅȉȷ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ42 / 55ॳ

13.5.3 T y p es of Qualit a tiv e Af fe ctiv e T e st s ۢܓ௒ད࠯ၑᡜޠ᜹࠯ 13.5.3.1 ฑᘉထ F ocus gr oup s 8-12 ੒ຳ޲ϟϊಣڸ лࡼ΢ ८ፚ 1-2 ϊਣࡤȂٸ੬ۢޠ೤ጓȞ౱ࠣ ңݳ ȃ ੒ ຳ޲΢πಜॏᏱޠ्ӱ๊ȟ ᑣᒶя Ȅ лࡼ΢ Жᙩԥᑺ፹ޠ΢ٯ ၽңထᡞϤ୞׭Ѿໍ՘ଇ፤ȂᏳӪ؂Ӽ୥ђ޲Վ໡ཽฑᘉȂᏒѠ૗҉໡ ຺Ӽޠ੬ۢଊਁȄ ڑ࠯ޠձݳ Ȉ ೼ᆎᆺཽᖟ՘ 2 ܗ 3 Ԫ Ȃ ॏฬ२ᘉϛᡑ Ȃ ጃۢᄈ྆܉ and/or ঩࠯ϟؑ໷ᐍᡞᗎ༗ޠӲᔗ Ȅ ஡Ӳᔗޠᖃ๗ђα DVD खᓄбණһ៬ࡋ ः ف΢স Ȃ Purists ཽᇴձ࣐੒ຳ޲ᗎ༗ޠхߓܓ 3 X 12 = 36 ນ؛኶໕ЋЎȇ ᄃርα Ȃ ԄݏΚᗎ༗ਜ਼яՅԥདញޠၘ Ȃ ൸ٸᐄѻ୉ঔ׾ Ȃ ঔ׾ഌϸӶเ ࡤޠထܗۢ໕ःفၑᡜϟȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ43 / 55ॳ

13.5.3.2 ฑᘉࠣຠϊಣ F ocus panels ࣐ࠊख़ focus gr oup ޠᡑםȇ८ၑসٻңӤΚထ੒ຳ޲ΡՎήԪȄ ҭޠȈᒒߗȃଇ፤лᚡȃᡲӲঢ়ٻң౱ࠣȃӕߖӲଇ፤ڐစᡜȄ உ՘ץഁ঩࠯໡ึਣ Ȃ ԫРݳߩளԥਞ Ȃ ϱ೩੒ຳ޲୥ᇅ౱ࠣޠ໡ึȂ ණٽӲ㔴ᇅРӪȄ 13.5.3.3 ଝղ㢾ȃΡ΢ಣȃή΢ಣ Mini Gr oups, Diads ( D yads) , Tria ds ଝղϊಣ (

Mini groups

)ȃΡ΢ಣ (

diads

)ڸή΢ಣ (

triads

) ࢑ 8- 12 ՞੒ຳ޲ ฑ ᘉϊಣ (

focus groups

)ޠ෈хձݳȄ † ଝղϊಣ೾ள 4-6 ڨ೥޲ಣԚȂ ή΢ಣҦ 3՞ȃΡ΢ಣҦ 2՞ڨ೥޲п ІΚ՞८ၑসಣԚȄ † ԫձݳளңܼԥ्҇౐Τ୉੬րޠଇ፤ਣ Ȃ Ԅ्ଇ፤ޠлᚡ࢑ఄདޠȂ ܗ൷׳Ӭоᑣᒶዀྦޠڨ೥޲ԥܛ֩ᜳਣ Ȃ ڐੀԓτܱԄӤฑᘉϊಣ ޠձݳȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ44 / 55ॳ

13.5.3.4 One-on-One In te rv iew s ΚᄈΚ८ፚ ੒ຳ޲ ΚᄈΚ८ፚ Ȃᆏϟ ౐Τ८ፚ (in-depth in te rv iew) Ȅ ‹ ሰ्௄ؑΚ੒ຳ޲Π၍І௥સ೩Ӽୱᚡ Ȃ ܗଇ፤лᚡᄈฑᘉϊಣႇ ܼఄདȄ ‹ ८ၑস௵ࣻӤޠੀԓ ȃ ഀ៊८ፚ 12 Վ 50 ՞੒ຳ޲ Ȃ ᕤ၍ؑ՞ޠӲ ๏Ȅ ׾ᡑޠ୉ݳ Ȉ ᡲ੒ຳ޲Ӷ a cen tr a l in te rv iewing sit e ܗঢ়Ϝ Ȃ ٻңܗᇨ റΚ౱ࠣȂखᓄܗᓄኈڐႇโȂӕ ᇅ੒ຳ޲ଇ፤ϟпᕖூ؂ӼޠଊਁȄ ੒ຳ޲ޠΚᄈΚ८ፚܗᢏᄇѠ๞ϡः ف΢সࢿோΚٳϬґម݃ܗ዗ Ӷޠ੒ຳ޲ሰؒȂ೼ЇႇٿέѠЖ ึᅗ٘Ԅԫሰؒޠ഻ུ౱ࠣܗ݉ଡ଼Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ45 / 55ॳ

13.6 Af fe ctiv e Meth ods: Quan tit a tiv e ௒ད࠯ၑᡜȈۢ໕ޠ 13.6.1 ᔗң ۢ໕௒ད࠯ၑᡜ Ȉ Ξ٦ٳขۢ੒ຳ޲хߓޠΚτထ ( 50 Վ኶Լ΢ )ᄈܼ ԥᜱ༟Ԃ pr ef er ence ȃൊ ᠎ liking ȃ དۣ឵ܓ sensory a ttr ibut es ๊ޠӲᔗ ϟРݳȄ ᔗңܼίӗ௒ݸȈ † ขۢᄈ౱ࠣԥᑺ፹ޠထᡞϟ੒ຳ޲хߓᄈܼΚܗ኶ঐ౱ࠣޠ ᐍᡞ༟ ԂܗൊԂ (overall preference or liking) † ขۢ౱ۣࠣ૗឵ܓޠ׊ᢏ८ (

broad aspects

) ༟ԂܗൊԂܓȂःف׊ᢏ८ ޠ౱ࠣ੬ܓѠණٽࢿᄇኈ៫ᐍᡞ༟ԂܗൊԂܓޠԥᜱӱષ † ข໕੒ຳ޲ᄈ౱ࠣ੬ۣۢ૗឵ܓޠЇᔗ Ȃ௵ ң ஽ ࡚ȃ௦ ڨ ܓ ( hedonic ) ܗথԂ ( just right )๊ А ࡚Ȃӕ ஡ hedonic rating Іඣख़ܓϸݚ๊኶ᐄ୉ࣻ ᜱϸݚ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ46 / 55ॳ

13.6.2 ۢ໕௒ད࠯ၑᡜޠ೪ॏ 13.6.2.1 Quantitative Screener De ve lopment ۢ໕ᑣᒶᏣޠ࡛Ҵ ڸ࣐ۢܓଇ፤ϟထᡞܛձޠᑣᒶӤኻ Ȃ ᕤ၍ःفҭޠ ᄈጃۢۢ໕ःف ңထᡞη࢑२्ޠȄ਴ᐄ៬ࡋᆓᒰΤ (client input) ᇅᄈ౱ࠣϸ᜹ (product category) ޠΚૢܓᇰޤٿ࡛Ҵᑣᒶޠ೤ጓȄ ‹ ឌԄଭᄈѾջΩॴکгѹ Ȃ ੒ຳ޲ҕᡞޠୣႥ (seg men t) ໹пϮܼ 5-10 ྒ (50%) ᇅ 11-16 ྒ (50%) ϟع ࡇ (50%) Іυࡇ (50%) ࣐ҭዀȄ ۢ໕ःفԥ೩Ӽ঩ӱՅѠ૗ຳਣ኶ЉϘ׈Ԛ Ȃ ឌԄःفϜኻࠣᖃ኶ࣻ ᄈܼΚঐཽ෉Ѡၑᡜޠ኶ҭ Ȃ ӱ ԫᑣᒶ८ፚਣ Ȃ ঑ᒶ޲҇໹Ӥཏ୥ђй ૗ԥΚཽ෉пαٿ׈ԚӓഌޠःفȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ47 / 55ॳ

13.6.2.2 ၛୱڕ೪ॏ Questionnaire Design Affective testing ޠၛୱڣ೪ॏȂ୥ྲίӗࡿЖȈ 1. ၛୱڣߞ࡚ڸ୥ђ޲Ⴒ෉ޠၑᡜਣ໣Κय Ȅ ᄈܼ߇ຳංϊਣၑᡜၛୱ ϲৡᖆᅴϟ኶ঐኻࠣ Ȃ ΢എ࢑ϊ੊ޠ Ȃ ࢑֐Ў኶ංঐୱᚡ൸Ѡڦூ٘ ஋ޠଊਁ Ȅ ೪ॏၛୱڣ Ȃ ्ؒഷմ኶໕ޠୱᚡ൸૗ᄃ౫ॏฬҭዀ ȇ ด ࡤၑᡜޠໍ՘࢑ڨ೥޲Ⴒ෉ѠряޠӬᎍਣࢳȄ 2. ୱᚡఽ඿ᇅੀԓࣻӤ Ȅ ୱڣ ϲࣻӤࢳဤഎ ңӤኻםԓޠА࡚ — ϛ፤ preference ȃ hedonic ȃ just about right or intensity scales Ȅ஽࡚І௦ڨ ܓୱᚡѠӗӶӤΚୱڣϜණୱ (୥Մ Appendix 12.3 ޠጓپ )Ȃկᔗ݃ጃ Ⴅ໡ Ȅ ୱ ڣޠؑഌϸ Ȃ ᚡҭᇅӲ๏എ௵ӤኻޠΚૢੀԓ Ȃ ࣐૗Κयᇅ ጃߴҔጃޠӲ๏ȂА࡚ޠ೪ॏРӪܓηΚयȂپԄؑ໷឵ܓഎ௵ң [ Too little---Too much] ȂԄԫڨ೥޲ϛ҇୅Ⴔȃӕ၍᠟ؑΚୱᚡȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ48 / 55ॳ

3. ЖᏳୱᚡණя౱ࠣ໣ /ϲޠл्ৰ౵ Ȅ ឵ܓޠୱᚡ໹ڸ౱ࠣѠขூޠ ឵ܓԥᜱഀȂй౱ࠣ໣ԥܛୣրȄ ೼ѠٲӒໍ՘ඣख़ܓϸݚٿ၍؛Ȃ ڨ೥޲ᄈܼуউณݳདޤܗขޤޠ឵ܓ๊೼᜹ޠୱᚡ Ȃ ࢑ϛཽණя݃ ጃޠӲ๏Ȅ 4. Ͻණୱ๏਱ (኶ᐄ )࢑ณңޠୱᚡ Ȅ Ԅ्ຠ઼є၇ޠ֝Ж΢โ࡚ȂӲ ᙮ ๏਱ࠔ࢑є၇ϛ஋֝Ж΢Ȃࠍःف΢স࢑֐ޤၿຠ઼्Ԅե׾ᡑȉ 5. ၛୱڣΚ्ۢණٽ՞ဋ๞໡ܺԓଇ፤ୱᚡ ȄپԄȈ ණୱᚡΠ၍у /ԃ ԄեӲᔗᆨ௦ୱᚡϟࡤޠ༟Ԃܗ௦ڨܓୱᚡϟ౪ҦȄ 6. ༟Ԃܓܗ௦ڨܓޠᐍᡞܓୱᚡܺӶၛୱڣഷᡘ຀ޠ՞ဋ Ȅ ԥ೩Ӽ਱پȂ ᐍᡞ௦ڨܓഎ࢑ഷᆨ्ޠୱᚡ Ȃ ϸݚ஠ঢ়࿌ด་Ӫ஡၏ᚡҭဋܼୱڣ ޠ໡ᓟ Ȃ ด Յ Ȃ Ԅݏ੒ຳ޲Ӷᄃር੒ຳ౱ࠣϟࠊ൸ೞୱΠං໷ѵᢏІ /ܗॸ੊ޠ੬ۢୱᚡȂ ൸ሰ्๊ژ٦ٳ឵ܓഎࠣຠІຠ઼ϟࡤȂᐍᡞ ௦ڨܓܗ༟ԂܓޠᚡҭϘӗя Ȅ Appendix 12.3 ණٽڎঐ௦ڨܓୱڣጓ ҐȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ49 / 55ॳ

13.6.2.3 ঩࠯ /঩਱೪ॏ Protocol De sign དۣၑᡜ ࡟ᜳ௢ښԄӤӶᄃᡜࡊ೪ဋޠᕘძȞಒ 3തಒ 2 ഌϸȟ ȄӶᄃ ᡜࡊѵޠ ϜѶӵᘉ ܗ Ӷঢ়ٻң ໍ՘ Ȃ ڐᄃ؂ђሰ्ၑᡜ೪ॏ ȃ ౱ࠣ೏౪ Іڨ೥޲ /੒ຳ޲ᑣᒶ๊ޠ௢ښȄ࿌ښۢᇅ೪ॏѵഌޠ௒ད࠯ၑᡜȂѠ ୥Մίӗ௱ᙩޠࡿЖȈ Te st faci li ty . Ӷ ϜЗӵᘉ ၑᡜȂ ೪ࢋІၑᡜᆔ౪΢҇໹ᝓԉؑΚၑᡜӵ ᘉ ޠ τ ϊ ȃ ᡑ ೾ ܓ ȃ ՞ ဋ ᇅ ᕘ ძ ௢ ᆔ ๊ ࢌ ۢ ޠ ঩ ਱ Ȅ ၑᡜ໹Ӷዀޠ΢ထ ܛӶᇅڨ೥޲ৡܿژႁၑᡜӵᘉϟ೏ܛໍ՘Ȅ † ٸःفޠ೪ॏȂՄኍؑ໷೪ࢋѠණ ٽ٘஋ޫ໣ȃؑ՞୥ᇅ޲ޠؾஞ ܓȃᎍ࿌ޠᕘძ௢ښȞྲ݃ȃᚖॲ ᇅ੊ک௢ښ๊ȟ๊૗Ωȃ౱ࠣ೏ ౪Іᇨറޠޫ໣ȂІ٘ ஋ޠᆔ౪΢ᇅ८ፚ΢Ȅ T e st ad min is trato rs ၑᡜᆔ౪΢ . ۣ૗஠ঢ়ܛ໡ึޠ੬ۢםԓޠၑᡜ೪ ॏȂ ᆔ౪΢ ्စଌጜй࢑ԥစᡜ Ȅ ଷዤோၑᡜ೪ॏ Ȃ η ्൸ϛӤޠःفȂ ૗ၐಡᇴ݃ၛୱڣȃ୥ᇅ޲Іኻࠣޠ೏ဋȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ50 / 55ॳ

Test subjects ၑᡜڨၑ޲ . ؑΚၑᡜӵᘉഎ्ቸབྷࢆᒶ୥ᇅ΢সȂٸྲ ΢πӵ౪Ᏹޠዀྦᑣᒶዀޠҕᡞ (୥ྲ Section 12.2) Ȅ Κ Ҏᒶۢࡤ Ȃ ्ᡲ୥ ђ޲ޤၿӵᘉȃၑᡜ෉໣ȃڨၑኻࠣ ޠםԓᇅ኶໕ȃӲ㔴๊Ȅ Screen samples ᑣᒶኻࠣ . ௒ད ࠯ၑᡜໍ՘ϟࠊ໹ӒᑣᒶኻࠣȂ࢑࣐Π ጃۢȈ

‹

ጃϹޠขၑኻࠣޠٿྜȞᄃᡜࡊȃϜ໣Ϗ ኆȃҢ౱ȃዀұС෉ȟ

‹

ኻࠣຮܺᇅၽᒰޠ఩ӈ

‹

ຮܺᇅၽᒰਣޠє၇्ؒ

‹

ၽᒰРԓȞޫၽȃೳٚȃտᙡ๊ȟ

‹

౱ۣࠣ૗឵ܓٻңඣख़ܓϸ ݚȂӶୱڣ೪ॏڸഷࡤ኶ᐄޠ၍មȄ Samp le h a ndling ኻࠣ೏ဋ . ࣐Ӭۤӵໍ՘ၑᡜ Ȃ ᜱܼኻࠣຮᙡ ȃ ೏ ဋȃ ᇨറІ֖౫๊ޠၐಡᇅ੬րᇴ ݃࢑๙ᄈሰ्ޠȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ51 / 55ॳ Appendix 12.4 provides worksheets for the development of a protocol for an affective test, and an example of a completed protocol.

1. Pr oduct Scr eening ౱ࠣᑣᒶ ၑᡜҭӵȈ ጃ֥ۢϛӤѾջΩᄈ߇Ң֥໕Щ౦пІ߇Ң໕ৰ౵ޠ߇ Ңූϟࣻᄈ௦ڨܓᇅ឵ܓຩᘟ ኻࠣᒶᐆȈ a. ᡑ኶Ȉ ዀྦ 1050 ༰ቺޠ໕ȇ߇Ң२໕ȇ߇Ң੦੧ᚠՔโ࡚ b. ᇨആ /ࠣท Ȉ ᑣᒶ 18 Վ 22 ঩࠯ (ᄃᡜ೪ॏ )ᇅ 2 ঐᝰލࠣ ȇ ԥඣख़ܓ ኶ᐄѠٽጃᇰ܅ԫৰ౵ϊܗณޠ౱ࠣȇᒶ 12 Վ 15 ঐᑦݏූขၑ c. ౪ҦȈ 14 ঐᒶяޠኻࠣᡘұڐ߇Ң /ѾջΩ҂ᒌڸ੦੧ॴک஽࡚І ஁ݏಗ૓࡚ԥܛϛӤ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ52 / 55ॳ

2. ኻࠣ఩ӈ 1. ኻࠣٿྜȈ ၑᡜϜ঩࠯ኻࠣ (3 ઌѨ )ȇٿՍϊЗຮᙡڏӤኻུᘁ࡚ ޠᝰލࠣ С෉ 3 ঐУԚࠣ ጢဵ Սϐޠ L432- 439 ȇᝰލࠣ A4192 ȃ 7425S є၇఩ӈ ܛԥኻࠣഎңҪՔᎠᆚೢє၇ 2. ኻࠣߴࡼ Ȉ ၑᡜϟࠊ Ȃ ܛԥᎠᆚє၇ኻࠣܺဋߴᝌᓹ౾ϲ ȇ ຮᙡࡊ 65

o

C ȃ 50% ᕇ࡚ 3. ڐуȈ ၽଛܛԥኻࠣӶᆺॅΛౝึݿ༮ਠጒϲՎ࢛࢛ӵձขၑ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ53 / 55ॳ

3. ኻࠣᇨറ ᖃ໕Ȉؑঐขၑᘉ (150 ঐሰ् ) 250 ঐᑦݏූ ڐуಣԚϸȈณ ྤ࡚ (ຮᙡܗᇨറ )ȈᆱࡼӶ 65 Վ 75°F ᇨറ /ඉ঩ਣ໣Ȉ ณ ୅੽ਣ໣Ȉ ณ ৡᏣȈ ٻң༮ጳݗ ڐѻ Ȉ ֖౫๞ڨၑ޲ϟࠊ Ȃ ᑦ ݏූє၇Ϙኩ௭ ȇ Ҷతԥખ࿦ ȃ ϸ οܗюടޠኻࠣ ੬րᇴ݃ ដᄦᑦݏූϛົႇ኶ऍយȂпᗘռᒋ၍І཭།

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ54 / 55ॳ

4. ኻ֖ࠣ౫ ኶໕ ؑ՞ڨၑ޲๞ؑᆎ౱ࠣഎ࢑׈ᐍޠᑦݏූ ৡᏣ /೪റ ༮ጳዻ ጢဵ ή՞኶ᐄጇȇ୥Ꭸ๞ؑ՞ڨၑ޲ޠߤߓ ණٽኻࠣ኶໕ ؑڨၑ޲Κ఩ ྤ࡚ 65 Վ 75°F ֖౫โז ஡ኻࠣဋܼ༮ጳዻϜ 6 ဵϜ໣ ڐѻ ୥ᎨߤߓΠ၍ؑ՞ڨၑ޲ޠጢဵᇅ໸ז [೼၈ϛєࢃߤߓ Ȃ կ ᔗஆܼٻңޠᄃᡜ೪ॏՅྦറ ]

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Κ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪- ಒ55 / 55ॳ

5. ڨၑ޲ ҂ְԒឮ 50% 12-25 ྒȇ 50% 25-55 ྒ ܓր 50% عȇ 50% υ ౱ࠣٻң ӶαঐУϲӭႇѾջΩ༰ቺޠᑦݏූ ౱ࠣ੒ຳᓝ౦ 5 ܗ؂ӼԪ /ؑԒ Ѡңਣࢳ ίЀ 3 Վ 5 ਣܗఐ໣ 7 Վ 9 ਣ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ1/40ॳ

13.6.3 ۢ໕௒ད࠯ၑᡜ (Quan tit a tiv e Af fe ctiv e t e st s) ޠ᜹࠯ ٸᐄ ၑၑ ᡜ ޠ ॷ ् Ϗ ձ Ȃϸ࣐ڎτጓᛠȈ Ӊଡ଼ ၑᡜᇅ᜹࠯ ୱᚡ Choice Pr e fer ence te st ղൊ᠎঻ঐኻࠣȉ Which sample do y ou pr e fer? ᒶᐆ ( ༟Ԃܓၑᡜ ) ղ ؂ ൊ᠎঻ঐኻࠣȉ Which sample do y ou lik e bet ter? Ra ting Accept ance te st ղԥӼЎൊ᠎೼ኻࠣȉ How much do y ou lik e the pr oduct? ຠ઼ ( ௦ڨܓၑᡜ ) ೼౱ࠣղޠ௦ڨ࡚Ԅեȉ How accept able is the pr oduct? αख़ୱᚡᘉϟѵȂηѠٻңϛӤޠၛୱڣ࠯ԓпڐѻРԓձၛୱȄ ၑᡜ೪ॏளၛୱᜱܼܛߓұ༟Ԃܓܗ௦Ԟܓޠ঩ӱϟಒΡ໷ୱᚡȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ2/40ॳ

13.6.3.1 ༟Ԃܓၑᡜ Pr e fer ence T e st s ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ ᒶᐆ ༟Ԃ /୒Ԃ /ൊԂ (pr e fe rence) ܗ ௦ڨܓ (accept ance) ҇໹਴ᐄ ॏฬҭዀ Յۢ Ȃ Ԅॏฬ೪ॏ੬րଭᄈ ӶӶ ౱ ࠣ ׾ ً ܗ ᇅ ᝰ ލ ְ ༗ ޠ ௒ ݸ ί Ȃ ࢛ ౱ ࠣ ޣ ௦ ᇅ ѫ ѵ ౱ ࠣ ࣻ ᄈ ྲ (t o pit one pr oduct dir e ctly ag ains t another in situa tions such as product improvemen t or parity with competition )Ȃ൸௵ң༟ԂܓၑᡜȄ ༟Ԃܓၑᡜ ஽य़ᒶᐆ Κঐ໷ҭࣦܼѫΚঐܗ኶ঐ ȂՅґ୉ޠٲ ࢑ࡿ яӉΚ౱ࠣ࢑ೞൊ᠎ޠܗϛൊ᠎ޠ Ȅ ӱ ԫ Ȃ ࣻ ᄈܼၑᡜᄈຬ Ȃ ःف޲҇ ໹ᄈܼ౫՘ܗᝰލ౱ࠣޠ ” ௒དޒᄙ ”ԥٲӒޠᕤ၍Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ3/40ॳ

༟ԂܓၑᡜѠϸ᜹࣐Ȉ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ4/40ॳ

ጓپ 13.3 Ȉ Paired Preference— ׾ًޠ߇Ңᚄ (Improved Peanut Butter) ୱୱ ᚡ /௒ ݸ Ӳᔗ੒ຳ޲ᄈ౱ࠣԥ ”ॴک؂Ԃȃ߇Ң ک؂ᐩ ” ϟ्ؒȂ ౱ࠣ׾ًॏฬϑ׈ԚΚ໷঩࠯ Ȃ Ӷ ឵ܓৰ౵ၑᡜ (ಒ 7ത )Ϝೞᡘ຀ཏဏӵ ຠ઼ԥ؂ᐩޠ߇ҢکȄҀൠഌߟདྷ्ጃ ᇰ၏঩࠯Щକ᎜୶໕τޠ౫ԥ౱ ࠣጃᄃೞൊ᠎Ȅ ၑ ᡜ ҭ ዀ ጃۢ࢑֐Щ౫ԥ౱ࠣȂ၏঩࠯؂ೞൊ᠎Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ5/40ॳ

ၑၑ ᡜ ೪ ॏ ೼ၑᡜ࢑൑׏ޠ ( one- sided )Ȃӱ࣐ΠӲᔗ੒ຳ޲ޠ्ؒȂ ໡ึ؂ԥ߇Ңک ޠ঩࠯ ȄႲᑣᒶ࢑߇Ңᚄٻң޲Ȃ ᒶяΚထ 100 ՞ڨၑ ޲Ȃᗝ፝ՎϜЗ՞ဋᘉ (central location site) ȂӤਣ๞ϡڎঐኻࠣȂڐϜ Κљ࢑ A-B ௷ӗ໸זȂѫΚљ࢑ B- A ໸זȂܛԥኻࠣഎпή՞༅኶ጢጇȄ Ⴣᓿڨၑ޲୉яᒶᐆ (୥ُ஽य़ᒶᐆޠଇ፤Ȃಒ 7ത 2.2 ໷ )Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ6/40ॳ

ຠϸڣӗӶ Figure 13.1 Ȅຏณ୆೪ (null hypothesis) ࣐ H

0

Ȉ୒ԂܼၷӼ ߇Ңॴکޠ঩࠯࢑ ≤50% Ȃ ՅѫΚ୆೪ (alternative hypothesis) ࣐ H

a

Ȉ୒ Ԃ ܼ঩࠯ >50% Ȅ

შ13.1 ጓپ13.1 ׾ًޠ߇Ңᚄໍ՘ପᄈൊԂၑᡜңຠϸߓ ୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ7/40ॳ

ᑣᑣ ᒶ ኻ ࠣ ٻңޠኻࠣ࢑٦ٳٽձࠊख़ޠ឵ܓৰ౵ၑᡜኻࠣȂпጃۢ ԥၷାޠ߇ҢॴکȄ உ ՘ ၑ ᡜ ௵ңӶಒ 7ത 7.2.4 ໷ܛϮಞޠРݳȇ 62 ՞ڨၑ޲୒Ԃ঩࠯ ኻࠣȄ਴ᐄ ߓ 17.8 Ȃ๗፤ȈԇӶᡘ຀ޠ୒Ԃ঩࠯Щକ౫՘౱ࠣȄ ၍ ម ๗ ݏ ུ౱ࠣѠαҀՅڦхҭࠊޠ౱ࠣȂٯዀұ ࣐ ” ؂ ᐩޠ߇Ң ॴک ”Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ8/40ॳ

13.6.3.2 ௦ڨܓၑᡜ Accep ta nce T e st s ࿌౱ࠣःف΢স्ጃۢ౱ࠣޠ “

௒དޒᄙaffective status

”Ȃ֊ ڨ੒ຳ޲Ԅեӵൊ᠎ ȉ ( ho w w e ll it is lik ed by consumer s ?) ٦௦ڨ ܓ࢑ҔጃޠᒶᐆȄ ౱ࠣڸ࡟ڨൊ᠎ޠϵѨ౱ࠣܗ ᝰލ޲ޠ౱ࠣЩၷȂٻң ༟ԂА ࡚ (hedonic sc ale) ឌԄ

შ12.2

ϜܛұȂٿߓұϛѠ௦ڨޠ (unaccep ta ble) ՎѠ௦ڨޠ (accept able) ȃܗϛൊ᠎ޠ (dislik e) Վൊ ᠎ޠ (lik e) โ࡚Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ9/40ॳ୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ10/40ॳ

௄ࣻᄈ௦ڨܓຠϸ૗஋௱ᘟ༟Ԃܓ (p re fe rence) ȇ ԥၷାϸ኶ޠ ኻࠣೞ୒ԂȄ ഷٺޠ๗ݏ (؂ାᒲᜌ ȃ ؂ԥձңޠ )ூՍА࡚࢑҂ ҂ ᒌ ޠ Ȃ پ ԄҔ८ᇅ ॓८᜹ր኶ࣻӤȂй໧຾എ࢑τϊְ๊ޠȄ შ 13.3 ܛӗޠА࡚ٯϛளңȂӱ࣐ϛ҂ᒌІ /ܗߩְ๊໣ႥȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ11/40ॳ

ٲᄃα Ȃ ௦ڨܓၑᡜ࡟᜹ծܼ឵ܓৰ౵ၑᡜ (a tt ribut e dif fer ence test s) Ȃ௚௥ଇϟ឵ܓᡑԚ௦ڨܓ ac ce pt anc e ܗ ൊ᠎ /Ԃ liking Ȅ ข໕ ᄈ౱ࠣൊ᠎ޠโ࡚ Ȃ ѠٻңϛӤ࠯ԓޠА࡚ Ȃ Ԅୣ໣ cate go ry ȃ ጤА࡚ line sc ales ܗ ME ( ൾ࡚௱ข m agnitude es tim a tion) А࡚Ȅ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ12/40ॳ

ጓپ 13.4 Ȉڎᆎ঩࠯ࣻᄈܼᝰލ౱ࠣޠ௦ڨܓ — ାᡋԟᓢጋޑ ୱୱ ᚡ /௒ ݸ ࢛τጋޑᇨആ୧؛्ۢໍΤା ᡋጋޑҀൠȂٯϑྦറڎᆎ ঩࠯ȄѫΚঢ়τጋޑҢ౱୧ӶҀൠαϑԥΚঐࠣทȂڐҀൠխԥ౦ࡼ៊ ӵቩђՅስӒܼାᡋࠣทȄःف΢সሰ्ڦூ೼ڎ঩࠯ӤስӒࠣทЩၷ ϟ ௦ ڨ࡚ຠ઼Ȅ ॏ ฬ ҭ ዀ ጃۢ࢑֐ڐϜܗѫΚঐ঩࠯૗ԥ٘஋ޠ௦ڨܓȂՅᇅስᏳ ࠣทໍ՘ҀൠขၑȄ ၑ ᡜ ҭ ዀ ጃۢڎᆎ঩࠯ڸҀൠስᏳӶା ᡋጋޑޠٻң޲ϜޠѠ௦ڨ ܓȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ13/40ॳ

ᑣᑣ ᒶ ኻ ࠣ Ӷ౱ࠣຠข෉໣ Ȃ ං՞ःف΢ স ȃ ࠣทҀൠᙜসІདۣϸݚ ஠ঢ়ࠣᔂ्ଛџӶঢ়ၑᡜ (ho m e- p lac em en t tes t) ޠ঩࠯ڸᝰލޠጋޑȄ

ၑ ᡜ ೪ ॏ ؑΚ঩࠯എڸᝰލࠣପᄈȂӶϸ໡ޠഀ៊ޠࠣຠໍ՘Ȃؑঐ ౱ࠣഎٻңΚ࢒෉Ȅؑঐ঩࠯ڸᝰލ౱ࠣഎӶΚљޠၑᡜঢ়৴ϜॷӒೞ ࠣ ຠȂ् ؒ 150 ՞Ӭੀڨၑ޲ؑ՞Ӷ 9ᘉπᓟᗤۢޠА࡚α Ȃ Ԅ შ 12.2 Ϝܛ ұȂຠ઼౱ࠣȄ உ ՘ ၑ ᡜ Κঐ౱ࠣ (঩࠯ܗᝰލࠣ )ᘜܺӶؑ՞Ⴒᑣᒶڨၑ޲ޠঢ়Ϝ Κ࢒෉Ȃၛୱڣ༳ቹ׈ࡤȂᄥяಒ ΚঐኻࠣȂӕ๞ڨၑ޲ٻңಒ 2ঐ౱ ࠣӕΚ࢒෉Ȃಒ 2໋׈ΠԞڦಒΡϸၛୱڣІ഼ᎸኻࠣȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ14/40ॳ

ϸϸ ݚ ๗ ݏ ᄈؑঐ঩࠯ -ᝰލࠣପᄈȂϸ໡உ՘ pai re d t -te st s ( ୥ُಒ 13 ത )Ȃ҂ְ௦ڨܓޠϸ኶Ԅίख़Ȉ ঩࠯ 1ᇅᝰލࠣ໣ޠ҂ְৰ౵অᡘ຀ӵϛӤܼ 0ȇ֊঩࠯ 1ޠ҂ְ௦ ڨܓᡘ຀մܼᝰލࠣȂՅ঩࠯ 2ᇅᝰލࠣϟ໣ٯณᡘ຀ޠৰ౵Ȅ ၍ ម ๗ ݏ ॏฬစ౪๗፤ Ȉ ঩࠯ -2 ԄӤᝰލ౱ࠣ Ȃ ॏฬထ࡛ឋ঩࠯ -2 ձ࣐ϵѨໍΤାᡋ⥷᜹ስ஀ޠ౱ࠣȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ15/40ॳ

13.6.4 ঐր឵ܓޠຠۢ ( ឵ܓຩᘟ A ttribut e Diagno st ics) ձ࣐੒ຳ޲ၑᡜޠഌϸȂ ःف޲ளևΩ ഇ ႇණяԥᜱۣ૗឵ܓȞѵ ᢏȃॸ੊ȃᖑॲȃॴکȃ፵ӵ /དញȟޠୱᚡȂ्ขяԥܛ୒Ԃܗܣ๙ ޠ ౪Ҧ Ȅ೼ٳୱᚡѠϸ࣐Ȉ 1. ᄈ឵ܓޠ௒དӲᔗ Af fectiv e r e sponse t o a ttribut es: ൊԂ Pr e fer ence ȈȈ !ղൊԂ঻ঐኻࠣޠॸ੊ȉ (Which sample do y ou pr e fer f or fr agr ance? ) ༟Ԃ Hedonic Ȉ ! ! ղൊ᠎೼౱ࠣޠ፵ӵ༞ȉ ( Ho w do y ou lik e the t e xtur e of this pr o duct?) [ Dislik e e xtr emely··· ···Lik e e xtr emely ]

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ16/40ॳ

2. ᄈ឵ܓޠ஽࡚Ӳᔗ In tensity r esponse t o a ttribut e: ஽࡚ Str e ng th ȈȈ !! ೼ ሹ ୂ ޠ ૓ ࡚ ԥ Ӽ ஽ ȉ Ho w s tr o n g /in tense is the crispness o f this cr ack er? [ None··· ···· · ·· ···V ery s tr o n g ] 3. ஽࡚ᎍӬ࡚ Ap pr opria te ness of in te nsity: থথԂ Ju st righ t Ȉ !ຠ ઼ ೼ ጋ ޑ ޠ ౰ ک Ra te the s w eetness of this cer eal: [ Not a t all sw ee t enough··· ···Much t oo sw ee t ]

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ17/40ॳ

შ 13.4 ϮಞΚٳ឵ܓୱᚡޠጓپȄ پ Κ Ȉ 2 ঐኻࠣȂၛୱڨၑ޲ᄈөᆎ឵ܓ࢑ൊԂե޲ȉ پ Ρ Ȉ൑ΚኻࠣȂ௄ Lik e e x tr emely Վ Dislik e e x tr emely ޠА࡚Ȃຠ ઼ө឵ܓȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ18/40ॳ

‹ ೼ኻޠၛୱڣೞᇰ࣐ Ӷጃۢؑ໷឵ܓޠ२्ܓα Ȃ ਞ Ωၷմ ȇ ӱ ࣐ ڨၑ޲ளຠ઼឵ܓႫӤܼᐍᡞӲᔗ (o v e ra ll r esponse) Ȅ ‹ ๗ݏ࢑ΚقӗڏԥΚૢЇᔗޠɆӏᕘ halo ɇޠ឵ܓȄ ‹ ࣦйȂԄ࢛឵ܓூژ॓८ຠ઼Ȃःف޲ณݳ؛ۢ ϛൊ᠎ޠРӪ (the dir e ction of the dislik e) Ȅ ୆೪࢛౱ࠣϛڨൊԂ Ȃ ژۼ࢑ ” Ћ฾ ?” ܗ ” Ћ೻ ?” ȂٯϛூՅޤȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ19/40ॳ

پپ ή І ѳ Ȉٻң ” থথԂ jus t righ t ” А࡚ٿຠۢΚঐ឵ܓࣻᄈܼڨၑ޲ ޠΚٳЗ౪ዀྦϟ஽࡚Ȅϛ૗ॏᆘڐ҂ְӲᔗ mean r esponse ձ኶ᐄϸ ݚ Ȃ ೼А࡚Ѡ૗ߩ҂ᒌޠܗ໣຾ϛְ Ȃ ڦ؛ܼ੒ຳ޲ЗϜؑ໷឵ܓޠࣻ ᄈ஽࡚ᇅᎍ࿌ܓ (appr o pria teness) ȄॏᆘؑୣႥޠ΢সЩ౦ȂٻңћР ၑᡜϸݚȄ

୾Ҵѯᢋ੖ࢸτᏱॶࠣऌᏱق// ॶࠣࠣຠᏱα፟ၦਠ// ॶࠣདۣࠣຠ ಒ13തȈ௒ད࠯ၑᡜ(Ρ) - ߚࡧቀᐍ౪ – ಒ20/40ॳ

پپ ϥ Ȉٻң஽࡚А࡚ ( in tensity sc ale) Ȟณ Ϝᘉ ȟȂຠۢө឵ܓޠᎍӬโ࡚ ‹ ஽࡚অ҇໹ڸᐍᡞ௦ڨܓܗᄈ၏឵ܓޠ௦ڨܓԥᜱഀȄ