現在完成式：表示一種起於過去某時經過一段時間而延續到現在的狀態或動作。
現在完成式的動詞結構是： have/has +Vpp ,而have/has是助動詞
(一) 基本句型
句 型 句 構 例 句
直述句:
肯定句
主詞+have/has +Vpp…..
( S)
John has washed his car.
(約翰已經洗了他的車_) We have cleaned the classroom.
（我們已經清理了教室）
直述句:
否定句
S+haven’t/hasn’t+Vpp Mom has not cooked dinner.
（媽媽還沒做晚飯 ）
Most of my friends have not seen the movie.
(我大部分的朋友都還沒看那部電影) 疑問句:
及回答
A: Have/Has +S+Vpp…?
B: Yes, S+have/has.
No, S+haven’t/hasn’t.
1. A: Have you read the book?
(你看過那本書了嗎) B: Yes, I have.
(是的我看了)
2. A: Has Dad finished his work?
(爸爸已經完成他的工作了嗎) B: No, he hasn’t.
(不,他還沒)
(二) 現 在 完 成 式 的 用 法:
(1) 表示從過去到現在為止已經完成、剛剛完成、或尚未完成的動作常與 already(已經)、 just (剛剛)、yet(尚未) 等副詞連用
副詞 使用句型 擺放位置 例句
already 肯定句 句中
或句尾
I have already eaten my lunch.
=I have eaten my lunch already.
(我已經吃過午餐了)
just 肯定句 句中 Mary has just mopped the floor.
(Mary剛剛拖了地板 )
yet 否定句 疑問句:
句中 或句尾
Helen hasn’t finished her homework yet.
=Helen hasn’t yet finished her homework.
(Helen還沒完成她的功課)
＊ just now( 剛才) 使用在過去式中
例: Mary mopped the floor just now. (Mary剛才在拖地)
(2) 表示從過去持續到現在的動作或狀態常與 for（經過～）, since（自從
～）, how long（多久～）連用
時間副詞 使用方法 例句
for+ 一段時間 (經過……..)
可用在現在完成式中或 過去式中視上下文意時態 決定
I have studied English for six years.
(我已經學英語六年了)
He has stayed in Japan for three days.
(他已經待在日本三天了) We haven’t seen him for long.
(我們已經好久沒看到他了) since+過去時
間點 (自從…..)
過去時間點可以是過去式 的時間副詞或過去式子句
I have been sick since last week.
(我從上星期就生病了)
He has eaten nothing since yesterday.
(他從昨天到現在都沒有吃)
I have known him since he was a child (從他是個小孩子我就認識他了)
問句:
How long…..?
How long
+have/has+S+Vpp….?
How long have you learned to play the piano? (你學鋼琴多久?)
(做…..多久了?) How long has she worked here?
＊ 用現在完成式表「繼續」的概念時，只能用含有持續意義的動詞不可用「短 暫性」的動詞
例 : His father has died for many years.---(誤) His father died many years ago.---(正) His father has been dead for many years.---(正) It has been many years since his father died.---(正)
＊ 現在完成式句型的對等
例：I have lived in Taipei for ten years. (我在台北住了十年) = I have lived in Taipei since ten years ago.
=It has been ten years since I lived in Taipei.
(3) 現在完成式：用來表示過去某時到現在為止，已經或未曾有過的經驗。常 和 ever（曾經，限用於疑問句中 ） never、 before 、once、 twice、 many
times等副詞連用。
例 :１. A: Have you ever eaten sushi before?（你吃過壽司嗎?）
B: Yes, I have. (=several times.) 或 No, I haven’t. (=never.) ２. A: Has Tom ever been to Hong Kong? (Tom 去過香港嗎?）
B: Yes, he has. He went there last year. （是的，他去年去過了）
＊ have been in /have been to/have gone to 的區分
動詞片語 中文及使用方法 例句
have been to 表示經驗，「已經去過」之意
。
He has been to ball games many times. （他曾經去看過球賽多 次）
have gone to 表示動作的完成，「已經去了
（尚未回來）」之意。因此只 可用在第三人稱單數，不可 用 一、二人稱。
He has gone to that ball game (他已經去看那場球賽了。) I have gone to Japan.----(誤) have been in 表示「一直待在某地」之意。 Mr. Green has been in Taiwan for
one year. （Mr. Green 已經在台灣 一年了。）
＊ 注意事項:
1. 因為現在完成式與現在的時間有關所以不與表過去確定時間副 詞像 ago、 then、 yesterday、 last week等連用。
例: I have read two novels yesterday.---(誤)
2. 現在完成式不與疑問副詞when連用因為when通常問ㄧ個明確 的時間。
例: .When has he come home?---（誤）
改成 : When did he come home?
3. 現在完成式與過去式的比較:
例 : I lived in Taipei for ten years.---（過去式）
（我在台北住過十年。）（現在不住台北）
Ｉhave lived in Taipei for ten years.---（現在完成式）
（我在台北已經住了十年。）（現在仍然住在台北）
4. 口語中所用”have got”的形式上雖為現在完成式，但其意義為『有』等 於”have”
I have got a car.= I have a car.
I haven’t got any money. = I don’t have any money.
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
EXERCISES
Alison: Where are you going now, Grandmother?
Grandmother: I’m going to Africa, dear.
+ Alison: But Grandmother! You have already been all over the world! You have traveled to Europe, Asia… Haven’t you ever been to Africa?
Grandmother: Yes…yes, but not recently(最近地). I’m going to visit my friend Tom again.
He has written many letters to me in the last two or three years.
He has asked me to spend a few days with him but I have been busy lately. I’ve known him since 1941 and I’ve never forgotten him.
Alison: Wow! He’s been your friend for over fifty years.
Grandmother：Yes, he has. Now…let’s see…I’ve packed my bags and I’m ready to go.
Alison: I’ve just thought of something. I haven’t seen Africa yet. Can I come with you, please?
ㄧ. 是非題：對的寫T錯的寫F
( )__1.Grandmother has already been to Europe.
( ) 2. Grandmother hasn’t visited Africa.
( )_ 3. Grandmother has never seen Tom.
_( )_4. Grandmother hasn’t forgotten Tom.
_( )_5. Alison has already been to Africa.
二. 將括弧中動詞的現在完成式填在空白處 1. I___________(do) all my homework.
2. We___________(study)English for 3 years.
3. They ___________(not)__________(get)any letters from him.
4. I __________(hear) a lot about Mr. Ronaldo.
5. _________you (read)__________ today’s newspaper?
6. He __________(not)___________(have) his breakfast.
7. Mary____________(be) here since last October.
8. Mr. and Mrs. Smith ______________(be) in Taipei for 5 years.
9. How long ______he ___________(teach) English?
10. So far, many students ______________(give) up studying math.
三. 文法選擇
（ ）1. Jean: Welcome to the party, Chris. _____you met my parents yet?
Chris: No, not yet.
(A) Are （B）Do （C）Have （D）Did
（ ）2. Mrs. Smith: Have you eaten dinner_____? If not, come join us.
Billy: Thanks. I am not hungry at all.
（A） already （B） just （C）just now （D） yet
（ ）3. Mother’s Day is coming. But I haven’t _____ bought the gift for Mom.
（A）already （B）just （C）just now （D） yet
（ ）4. Susan’s father ___for twenty years. Since she was born, she’s never seen him.
（A）has died （B）was dying （C）is dying （D）has been dead （ ）5. A: How many times _____ the movie Titanic?
B: At least five times.
（A）did you （B）are you seeing （C）do you see （D） have you seen （ ）6. I _____the boy at our school before. He must be a new comer.
（A）never see （B）have never seen （C） have ever seen （D）never seen （ ）7. You ___ me many times about your family. I am tired of hearing you say this.
（A）told （B）have told （C） are telling （D）telling （ ）8. Jenny has lived in Tainan _____ she was born.
（A）for （B）since （C）until （D） in
（ ）9. David is my good friend. We _____ each other for twenty years.
（A）are knowing （B） were knew （C）have known （D） knew （ ）10. I have fallen love with Lucy ______ the first day I met her
（A）since （B） for （C）on （D） to
（ ）11. How ______ lately? I heard you had an accident.
（A）was you （B）did you do（C） was everything （D） have you been （ ）12. We _____ here for two hours, but Jimmy never shows up. How long do we have
to wait?
（A）have been in （B） have been （C）are （D） have gone （ ）13. Mr. Chang is not here right now. He ______Japan for a business trip.
（A）has been in （B）has been to （C） has gone to（D）has lived in （ ）14. It ___one month since Joe left home without telling his parents.
（A）have been （B）has been （C） was （D）will be ( ) 15. It _____two weeks since it started raining. I could not go anywhere.
（A）have been （B） being （C） is （D） was
( ) 16. Kelly is a traveler. She _____ China for two years. She knows there well.
（A）has gone to （B） has been in （C） has been to （D） has left for ( ) 17. Tim _____ Canada. He won’t be back in two years.
（A）has been to （B） has gone to （C） has left （D） has been ( ) 18. A: Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
B: Yes,_____ It is a fun place to go
（A）five days （B）for three days （C）in one month （D）twice already ( ) 19. A: Have you ever been to a baseball game?
B: No, never. ＿＿＿＿＿
A: Sure. Baseball is my favorite sport.
（A）Do? （B）Have you? （C）Don’t you? （D）Haven’t you?
( ) 20. They have been in Taiwan _____2002.
（A）since （B） in （C） to （D）for
( ) 21. They have not heard from him ______ then.
（A）in （B）to （C） for （D） since
( ) 22. Joseph has moved to America______. He lives with his parents now.
（A）ten years before （B）since he was twelve （C） in ten years （D） for ten years ago
( ) 23. I ______ English for three years, and I enjoyed it very much.
（A）study （B） studied （C）am studying （D） have studied ( ) 24. A: I have known Henry for a while.
B: Really? I _____ him on the street just now.
（A）saw （B） have seen （C） am seeing （D）was seeing ( ) 25. A: _____have you worked with Mr. Brown? B: Since 1991.
（A）When （B）How often （C） How long（D） How old.
( ) 26. A: Have you seen May? When _____ her the last time?
B: Not long ago. I saw her at the park.
（A）Have you seen （B） was you seen （C） did you see （D） do you see
( ) 27. He has lived in the country ____ most of his life.
（A）in （B）to （C）for （D） since
( ) 28. I ______to be a doctor when I was a child.
（A）wanted （B） was wanting （C） has wanted （D） want ( ) 29. How many English words have you learned______?
（A）the other day （B） at first （C）so far （D） no way
( ) 30. My brother left for China last week. He _______ there for two weeks, and he will be back next Sunday.
(A) has been (B) has gone (C) has been in (D) has gone to
