B5L4 Marathon: Going the Extra Mile
I字彙
1. marathon n. [C] 馬拉松；馬拉松式的活動或工作（須耗費長時間與大量精力）
marathon adj. 馬拉松式的（置於名詞前）
• After a marathon meeting lasting about eight hours, the committee finally arrived at their conclusion.
3. frenzy n. [C] 狂熱；狂怒；瘋狂的活動
• The depreciation（貶值）of the U.S. dollar has triggered an international gold-buying frenzy.
4. solidarity n. [U] 團結一致 solitary adj. 單獨的
• Jeffrey enjoys taking solitary walks in the woods.
solitude n. [U] 孤獨
• The old lady lives in solitude（過著孤獨生活）.
5. pant vi. 喘氣；氣喘吁吁地說 比較 gasp 倒抽一口氣
gasp for breath 大口吸氣
• The swimmer finally came up to the surface of the water, gasping for breath.
7. sweat n . [U] 汗水 (1) work up a sweat 出汗
• Go get some exercise and work up a sweat instead of staying in front of your computer all day.
(2) in a cold sweat 冒冷汗
• Ken was in a cold sweat after narrowly avoiding crashing into another car.
(3) break (out) in(to) a sweat 開始感到緊張、害怕
• I broke out into a sweat just at the thought of making a speech in public.
(4) no sweat （口語）一點也不困難；毫不費力
• “Could you finish your report by next week?”
“Sure, no sweat.”
(5) sweatshirt n. [C] 寬鬆無領棉質運動服 (6) sweatshop n. [C] 血汗工廠
10. originate vi. 起源
original adj. 原先的（置於名詞前）
• The new plan doesn’t seem to be working. We might as well go back to our original plan.
original n. [C] 原作；原稿
• I suggest you read the original rather than the translation to get a deeper understanding of the author’s ideas.
originally adv. 起初
• Originally we had planned a trip to Australia, but later changed our minds and went to New Zealand instead.
from + 物、來源 in + 地方、時間 with + 人
(1) originate 起源於……
• “Selfie”（自拍） is one of the words that originated from the Internet.
• A number of epidemics originated in the tropics and later spread to the whole world.
• This tradition is thought to have originated with the ancient Egyptians
• Jack-o’-lanterns originated as a means of scaring off evil spirits in Ireland.
11. invade vt. vi. 侵略
-de 結尾的動詞 → -sion 結尾的名詞 (1) invade → invasion 入侵
(2) explode → explosion 爆炸 (3) include → inclusion 包含 (4) exclude → exclusion 排除 15. attract vt. 吸引
attraction n. [U] 吸引力；引力
• The great attraction of this novel is that it is based on a true story.
• The gravitational attraction of the moon （月球引力）makes the tides go in and out.
(1) attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人對某物感興趣
• What attracts me most to that city is its cultural heritage.
• Two free meals are the main attraction of this package tour.
(2) a tourist attraction 觀光景點
• Dubai is a world-famous tourist attraction featuring an impressive array of towering skyscrapers.
16. outlet n. [C] 發洩（情緒、精力等）的方法或途徑；暢貨中心；插座（美式用法）
• This clothing manufacturer has retail outlets in every major Asian city.
• I can’t find an outlet in the wall to plug in my laptop.
18. relieve vt. 舒緩；緩和
relieved adj. 放心的；寬慰的
relief n. [C,U] (sing.) 放心；寬慰; 減輕；
(1) be relieved to VR/that 對……感到放心的
• I was relieved to hear that I had not been laid off （解僱）by my boss.
• Local residents felt relieved that the serial killer had been arrested.
(2) what a relief/that’s a relief 幸好
• Our teacher decided to cancel the quiz. What a relief!
(3) To one’s relief, S + V 令某人放心的是……
• To my relief, I passed my final exams in all my subjects.
(4) breathe/let out a sigh of relief 鬆了一口氣
• Seeing her dog come back safe and sound, Mary let out a sigh of relief.
(5) 減輕(病痛)
•The medicine gave me relief from the pain in my stomach.
(6) 救濟物資, diaster relief
•Taiwan wanted to provide disaster relief for the victims in Nepal.
19. endurance n. [U] 忍耐；耐久力 endurable adj. 可忍受的
• Life is hard but endurable for me.
endure doing sth. 忍耐（做）某事
• Roger has high self-esteem and can’t endure being laughed at.
20. satisfaction n. [U] 滿足；滿意 反 dissatisfaction satisfactory adj. 令人滿意的 反 unsatisfactory satisfy vt. 使滿意；使滿足 反 dissatisfy
• My boss is extremely demanding. It seems that nothing I do will ever satisfy him.
23. hydrate vt. 使含水；使補足水分 hydration n. [U] 水合作用
• Proper nutrition and hydration are important for your health.
(1) dehydrate vt. 使脫水
• Some foods can be dehydrated in order to be preserved for a long time.
(2) dehydration n. [U] 脫水 24. overload vt. 使負荷過多 (1) overload sb. with sth.
使某人負荷某事過多（常用被動）
• Most employees in this company are overloaded with work and feel like quitting.
(2) be overloaded with 超載
• The elevator was overloaded with passengers and kept beeping.
27. admit vt. vi. 承認
admission n. [C] 承認 n. [U] 准許進入；入場費
• The president’s admission that he took bribes from major corporations shocked people all over the nation.
• Harvard University has granted Susan admission.
• Admission to the museum is $20 for adults and $10 for children.
(1) admit to V-ing/N 承認（做）某事
• The superstar openly admitted to her plan to get divorced.
• The president finally admitted to having taken bribes from some major corporations.
(2) admit sb. (to/into...) 准許某人進入某處／加入某組織、入學等
• You will not be admitted into the concert hall until thirty minutes before the performance starts.
• Amy was excited to know that she had been admitted to a prestigious college.
28. entertain vt. 懷有（想法）; 招待；娛樂
• Joe never entertained the idea of going high diving in New Zealand.
• We were entertained with refreshments.
30. fitness n. [U] 健康；強健
fit adj. 健康的；適合的 (Vi) 適合
• To stay fit, you need to exercise regularly and keep a balanced diet.
• The coat fir
(1) fitness center 健身中心 (2) physical fitness 體適能 (3) be fit for N/to VR 適合……
• The incumbent（現任的） president is widely considered not fit to govern the country.
II片語
1. go the extra mile 再多點努力；再加把勁
(1) give sb. an inch (and they’ll take a mile)【諺】得寸進尺
• Josh tends to take advantage of others. If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile.
(2) stand/stick out a mile 非常明顯
• Jean’s anger stood out a mile. She slammed the door shut and walked out of the room without saying goodbye.
9. before long 不久之後
• Benjamin got used to his new life in the big city before long.
before long = soon (adv.) 不久之後
• It started with light rain, but before long it turned into heavy rain.
long before S + V 很久以前
• Carl had worked in the school long before he got married.
II句型練習
Ⅰ. Legend/Rumor has it that S + V
1意義等同於There is a legend/rumor that S + V，但將legend與rumor調到句首，用以強調其重要性，而 has it 則無意義，只是為了補足文法結構而存在。在結構上，that S + V為名詞子句，作為it的同位 語，但由於it在此是虛詞無意義，所以that子句其實是在補充說明legend/rumor的內容，實質上應該 是legend/rumor的同位語，所以它跟it僅有結構關係，並沒有意義上的關聯。
2Legend has it that S + V多指超出一般人生活知識的事物，Rumor has it that S + V則並無此限制。
• Legend has it that Chang-e（嫦娥）flew to the moon after she drank Houyi’s（后羿）elixir.（超出一 般人生活經驗）
• Rumor has it that the famous pop star is two-timing（劈腿）his girlfriend.（在一般人生活經驗之 內）
3 本句型常以現在式為主，尤其是legend，因為通常legend是沒有時間性的，但若特別指過去才有、
現今已無的legend或rumor，仍是可用過去式had來表達的。
4 在此句型中，legend與rumor皆被視為不可數抽象名詞，不加冠詞亦沒有複數字尾。
5 用來描寫眾所周知事物的傳聞句型，另有：
(1) People say that... 人們說……
• People say that the politician used to be a gang member.
(2) It is said/rumored/believed/reported/well-known that S + V 聽說／謠傳／據信／據報導／大家都知
道……
• It is said that the movie star secretly got married on a small island last month.
• It is rumored that the president of the company is going to step down next week.
II. would rather + VR + than + VR
→ would + VR + rather than + VR
→ prefer to + VR + rather than + VR 1 此句型是「選擇A而不選擇B」的句型之一
3 would rather可以單獨使用，不加than後面的結構，意義上變成「選擇A（暗示不做其他選擇）」。
• I would rather go to school.（暗示不會選擇上學以外的選項，但並不指明）
4 在 would...rather than... 中的 rather than 也可以單獨使用，不需要would。此時的句子意義成了「做了
A而沒有做B」或「是A不是B」，句子裡的敘述都已經是既成的事實，而不是僅僅「做選擇」而已。
• I went to school rather than stayed at home.
（不但選擇去學校，而且已經執行了，不是僅僅表達意向而已）
5(1) prefer N1/V1-ing to N2/V2-ing：兩個（動）名詞拿來比較。
• I prefer fried chicken to roast chicken.
（比較名詞）
• Mr. Lin prefers swimming to jogging.
（比較動名詞）
(2) prefer sth./to VR：僅說明較喜歡哪件事，並不說明跟誰相較。
• I prefer to stay home and drink tea on a rainy afternoon.（接動詞）
• I prefer red cars.（接名詞）
(3) prefer O （受詞） to + VR /that S + V（表達對別人行為的期待）
• I prefer you to stay home.
→ I prefer that you stay home.
（對人的期待）
6 另一個表達「二選一」的常用關鍵字是instead，這裡舉幾個常見的句型：
(1) S + V + O1 instead of O2
• We played baseball instead of basketball.
(2) S + V instead of N/V-ing（介系詞of後面必須接名詞或動名詞）
• We played baseball instead of going bowling.
(3) S + not + V1, but V2 instead.（instead為副詞）
• We did not go bowling, but played baseball instead.
(4) S + not + V1. Instead, S + V2.（instead為副詞修飾整句）
• We did not go bowling. Instead, we played baseball.
