Avise, J. C., 1994. Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York, USA.
Avise, J. C., J. Arnold. R. M. Ball. E. Bermingham Jr., T. Lamb. J. E. Neigel, C. A. Reeb, and N. C. Saunder, 1987. Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:
489-522.
Clement, M., D. Posada. and K. A. Crandall., 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol. Ecol. 9: 1657-1659.
Davis, P. H. and V. H.Heywood, 1963. Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Princeton NJ, Van Nostrand.
Fosberg, F. R., 1942. Subspecies and Variety. Rhodora: 153-157.
Friedman, J. and Spencer C. H. Barrett, 2009. Wind of change: new insights on the ecology and evolution of pollination and mating in wind-pollinated plants. Ann.
Bot. 103: 1515-1527
Fu, Y.X. and W.H. Li., 1993. Maximum likelihood estimation of population parameters.
Genetics 134: 1261-1270.
Grant, V., 1981. Plant Speciation, 2nd ed. Columbia University Press., New York, USA.
Grant, W. S. and B. W. Bowen., 1998. Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation. Am. Genet. Assoc. 89(5):415-426.
Hall, T. A., 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl. Acids Symp. Ser. 41:95-98.
Hartl, D. L., A. G. Clark, 2007. Principles of population genetics. Sinauer Associates,
97
Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts. pp.95-148.
Hudson, R. R., M. Slatkin. and W. P. Maddison, 1992. Estimation of levels of gene flow from DNA sequence data. Genetics 132: 583-589
Jensen, J. L., A. J. Bohonak. and S. T. Kelley, 2005. Isolation by distance, web service.
BMC Genetics 6:13.
Kimura, M., 1983. Rare veriant alleles in the light of the neutral theory. Mol. Biol. Evol.
1: 84-93.
Lovis, J.D., 1977. Evolutionary patterns and processes in ferns.Advances in Botanical Research 4: 229-415.
Moller, M, amd Q. C. B. Cronk, 1997. Phylogeny amd disjunct distribution: evolution of Saintpaulia (Gesnerianceae): Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 264: 1827-1836.
Marhold K., 1992. Multivariate morphometric study of the Cardamine amara group (Cruciferae) in the Carpathians and Sudeten mountains. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 110:
121-135.
Marhold K., 1998. Morphometric comparison of diploid populations of Cardamine amara (Brassicaceae) from Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. Thaiszia. J.
Bot. 8: 19–32.
Northington, D. K., 1976. Evidence bearing on the origin of infraspecific disjunction in Sophora gypsophlia (Fabaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 125: 233-244.
Posada D, K.A. Crandall and A.R. Templeton, 2000. GeoDis: A program for the
Cladistic Nested Analysis of the Geographical Distribution of Genetic Haplotypes.
Mol. Ecol. 9(4):487-488
Rogers, A. R. and H. Harpending, 1992. Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9: 552-569.
Rozas, J., J. C. Sa'nchez-DelBarrio, X. Messegyer, and R. Rozas, 2003. DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19:
98
2496-2497.
Shaw J, E.B. Lickey, E.E. Schilling and R.L. Small, 2007. Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: The tortoise and the here III. Am.J. Bot. 94: 275-288.
Slatkin, M., 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations.
Science 236: 787-792.
Stebbins, G. L., 1974. Flowering plants evolution above the spscies level. Belknap Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Steven, J.C. and D.M. Waller, 2004. Reproductive alternatives to insect pollination in four species of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae). Pl. Species Biol. 19: 73-80.
Sylvester-Bradley, C, 1952. The Classification and Coordination of Infra-Specific Categories. Systematics Association, Mimeograph, London, p. 19.
Tajima, F., 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123: 585-595.
Templeton, A. R., 1998. Nested clade analysis of phylogeographic data: testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history. Mol. Ecol. 7:381-397.
Templeton, A. R., 2004. Statistical phylogeography: methods of evaluating and minimizing inference errors. Mol. Ecol. 13:789-809.
Templeton, A. R., E. Routman and C. A. Phillips, 1995. Separating population structure from population history: A cladistic analysis of the geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinurn.
Genetics 140:767-778.
Wang, W. and Z.D. Chen, 2007. Generic level phylogeny of Thalictroideae
(Ranunculaceae)-implications for the taxonomic status of Paropyrum and petal
99
evolution. Taxon 56(3): 811-821.
Wang, W. T. and S. H. Wang, 1979. Thalictrum L. In W. T. et al. (eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae V. 27. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 502-592 &
616-621.
Wright, S., 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19: 395-420
100
附錄 一、唐松草亞科各屬之線上序列下載資訊
Taxon Locality Voucher NCBI accession numders
ITS trnL-F
Aquilegia (2/~80)
Aquilegia ecalcarata Maxim Chongqing, China Wang Wei 117 U75657b EF437096 Aquilegia oxysepala Trautv. & Kir. Jilin, China Chen Z.-D. 001 EF437114 EF437097 Dichocarpum (2/20)
Dichocarpum dalzielii (Drumm. &
Hutch.) W.T. Wang & Hsiao Guizhou, China Wang Wei 111 EF437115 EF437098 Dichocarpum sutchuenense (Franch.)
W.T. Wang & Hsiao
Guizhou, China Wang Wei 069 EF437116 EF437099
Enemion (1/6)
Enemion raddeanum Regel Jilin, China Chen Z.-D. 2090 EF437117 EF437100 Isopyrum (including Paropyrum)
(3/4)
Isopyrum anemonoides Kar. & Kir. Xinjiang, China Wundish U. 177 EF437118 EF437101 Isopyrum manshuricum Kom. Liaoning, China Wang Wei LN004 EF437119 EF437102
Isopyrum thalictroides L. Poland s.n. EF437120 EF437103
Leptopyrum (1/1)
Leptopyrum fumarioides (L.) Reichb. Xinjiang, China Man Y.-G. T101 EF437121 EF437104 Paraquilegia (1/5)
Paraquilegia microphylla (Royle)
Drumm. & Hutch. Chongqing, China Li C.-Y. 001 EF437122 EF437105 Semiaquilegia (1/1)
Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.)
Makino Hunan, China Shao Qing 001 EF437123 EF437106
Thalictrum (2/~200)
Thalictrum javanicum Bl. Guizhou, China Wang Wei 067 EF437124 EF437107 Thalictrum robustum Maxim. Guizhou, China Wang Wei 038 EF437125 EF437108 Urophysa (1/2)
Urophysa henryi (Oliv.) Ulbr. Guizhou, China Wang Wei 096 EF437126 EF437109
101
附錄 二、區別分析測量特徵項目
參考原始發表文獻對於傅氏唐松草複合群類群的區分多在於花部的特徵，
故預計選用以下項目進行測量：
(1) 小葉長：測量任一完整小葉片，葉先端至葉身最下端的長度。
(2) 小葉寬：測量第(1)項所選用的小葉片最寬處的長度 (3) 小葉長/小葉寬：以第(1)項除以第(2)項值，表示葉片形狀 (4) 花藥長：選取一朵成熟盛開的花朵，測量其一雄蕊的花藥長度 (5) 雄蕊長：測量第(4)項所選取雄蕊全長
(6) 花藥長/雄蕊長：以第(4)項除以第(5)項值，表示花藥長對於雄蕊長之 比值
(7) 瘦果果柄長：任選一成熟的瘦果，測量其果柄的長度 (8) 瘦果長：測量第(7)項所選取的果實全長
(9) 瘦果果柄長/瘦果長：以第(7)項除以第(8)項值，表示瘦果果柄長對於 瘦果長之比值
(10) 萼片長：選取任一萼片，測量其最長的長度 (11) 萼片寬：測量第(9)項所選取萼片最寬的寬度
(12) 萼片長/萼片寬：以第(10)項除以第(11)項值，表示萼片形狀 (13) 小葉數：紀錄一片完整葉片之小葉數
(14) 瘦果數：紀錄一朵花上所結成熟瘦果數量
研究中所用標本各特徵以電子遊標尺測量之，單位為 mm，利用統計軟體 JMP5.0.1 (SAS Institute Inc., NC, USA) 進 行 區 別 分 析 (Discriminant Analysis, DA)。
102
附錄 三、微毛爪哇唐松草模式標本照片