第五章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
我們發現 B. henselae 感染細胞後，會經由抑制粒線體內在凋亡路徑，
然而 B. henselae 所引發的訊息傳遞路徑，可能不僅有 Bad、Bcl-xL、
cytochrome c、caspase 9 及 caspase 3 這條路徑，為能更了解完整的細胞反 應，可觀察其他與細菌感染相關的訊息傳遞路徑，如 interferon α及 tumour necrosis factor α [53]。而於蛋白質體研究方面，為了能持續研究於 實驗中所發現之特異性的蛋白質分子，如： small heat shock protein、
acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit alpha、phage related protein 及 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] precursor，可使用 gene knockout 的方式，研究 B. henselae 在缺乏這些蛋白質的情況下，其感染細胞的能 力是否會改變，確立這些蛋白質的影響，對於 B. henselae 致病機轉的研 究就能有更大的突破。
參考文獻
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附錄一、各分離株中 4 個可能毒力因子之基因庫序號
Protein Strain Genebank
Accession No.
BU4 GQ220306
JK40 GQ220307 Small heat shock protein
JK47 GQ220308
BU4 GQ227672
JK40 GQ227674 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
carboxyltransferase subunit
alpha JK47 GQ227673
BU4 GQ227675
JK40 GQ227677 Phage related protein
JK47 GQ227676
BU4 GQ227678
JK40 GQ227680 Superoxide dismutase
[Cu-Zn ] precursor
JK47 GQ227679
附錄二、B. henselae 分離株中 4 個可能毒力因子之核酸及胺基酸序列比 對，取差異較大片段陳列。
(A) Small heat shock protein 核酸序列比對
(B) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit alpha 核酸序列比對
(C) Phage related protein 核酸序列比對
(D) Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn ] precursor 核酸序列比對
(A) Small heat shock protein 胺基酸序列比對
(B) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit alpha 胺基酸序列比 對
(C) Phage related protein 胺基酸序列比對
(D) Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn ] precursor 胺基酸序列比對
附錄三、實驗數據總表 Proliferation (cell number)
Inhibition of Apoptosis (cell number) Strain
24hr 48hr 72hr 24hr 48hr 72hr
MOI50
Control 19250±1650 20166.7±1587.7 36666.7±4200.7 13016.7±2222.8 12283.3±840.1 10450±550 Hous 17556±653.4 26888.9±2240.7 35357.1±1964.3 13646.5±4727.3 14575±275 10266.7±840.1 U-4 19983.3±2289.8 17839.7±1343.4 45000±2500 10633.3±635.1 13639.3±239.3 13999.1±1231.3 JK47 19140±1438.4 18043.9±1838.4 44000±7275.8 10413.3±0 12706.9±1270.7 11064.7±0 JK40 21526.9±358.5 21083.3±1587.7 63931.6±4308.4 10413.3±0 10364.1±1994.6 15675±1741.7 MOI100
Control 19250±1650 20166.7±1587.7 36666.7±4200.7 13016.7±2222.8 12283.3±840.1 10450±550 Hous 16632±462 26142.0±3422.8 36666.7±3000.5 13226.6±3562.9 17600±550 9350±550 U-4 19800±2520.4 17839.7±1343.4 54166.7±5204.2 13200±1455.2 13639.3±239.3 16365.1±683 JK47 18260±381.1 19105.3±0 32083.3±1587.7 10413.3±0 11012.6±1941 13523.5±1064.7 JK40 18008.1±1075.5 19250±0 39487.2±2820.5 13884.4±6012.1 11899.5±664.9 19738.9±2660.4
- 54 -
Adhesion rate (CFU/cell)
Invasion rate (CFU/cell)
Invasion Index (adhesion bactria/
invasion bacteria)××××100%
Strain
48hr 72hr 48hr 72hr 48hr 72hr
MOI50
Hous 1.032±0.122 0.869±0.246 0.059±0.001 0.101±0.017 5.818±0.774 12.403±5.481 U-4 27.658±4.851 14.048±0.223 0.042±0.021 0.012±0.006 0.16±0.106 0.086±0.039 JK47 14.102±1.289 0.53±0.132 0.015±0.006 0.016±0.003 0.112±0.051 3.178±1.398 JK40 28.457±1.487 11.219±5.901 0.057±0.007 0.011±0.002 0.098±0.025 0.122±0.085 MOI100
Hous 0.378±0.007 3.090±0.336 0.130±0.051 0.339±0.006 48.566±18.858 11.046±1.38 U-4 67.613±13.986 13.111±3.029 0.057±0 0.047±0.009 0.084±0.044 0.36±0.011 JK47 18.147±2.086 2.568±0.123 0.035±0.015 0.05±0.016 0.189±0.064 1.943±0.648 JK40 43.925±2.809 8.014±1.304 0.042±0.011 0.038±0.008 0.057±0.025 0.492±0.178
Strain Protein expression (Western blot) (fold to control)
Bad Bcl-xL Cytochrome c Caspase 9 Caspase 3
MOI50
Control 1±0 1±0 1±0 1±0 1±0
Hous 0.953±0.046 1.31±0.109 0.983±0.069 0.961±0.062 1.002±0.076
U-4 1.213±0.05 0.933±0.052 1.318±0.104 1.218±0.01 1.39±0.132
JK47 1.333±0.046 0.66±0.056 1.208±0.026 1.596±0.026 1.21±0.028
JK40 0.924±0.014 0.9±0.072 0.9±0.134 0.92±0.096 0.869±0.128
圖一：Bartonella spp.在哺乳類宿主的生命週期[31]。
圖二：B. henselae 之 TFSS[30]。
(A)
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
*
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
*
#
圖三：不同 B. henselae 分離株促進 HMEC-1 細胞增生能力之比較。(A) MOI 為 50；(B) MOI 為 100。＊：48 小時組間比較 p<0.05；#：72 小時
組間比較 p<0.05
(A)
(B)
圖四：HMEC-1 細胞以顯微鏡觀察之生長情況。(A)為未感染之細胞；(B) Hous 分離株以 MOI50 感染 48 小時後的細胞。
(A)
Bad Bcl-xL Cytochrome c Caspase 9 Caspase 3
Fold
圖六：B. henselae 調控之粒線體內在凋亡路徑。
(A)
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
#
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
*
#
圖七： 不同 B. henselae 分離株抑制細胞凋亡能力之比較。(A) MOI 為 50；
(B) MOI 為 100。＊：48 小時組間比較 p<0.05；#：72 小時組間比較 p<0.05。
(A)
(B)
圖八：HMEC-1 細胞經 actinomycin D 刺激凋亡後顯微鏡下之生長情況。
(A) 為僅加入 actinomycin D 之細胞；(B) Hous 分離株以 MOI100 感染 48 小時後的細胞。
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
圖九：不同 B. henselae 分離株之貼附能力比較( 72 小時，稀釋 2000 倍 )。
(A) Hous；(B) U-4；(C) JK47；(D) JK40。
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
圖十：不同 B. henselae 分離株之侵入能力比較( 72 小時，稀釋 20 倍 )。
(A) Hous；(B) U-4；(C) JK47；(D) JK40。
0
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Adherence rate (CFU/cell)
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Invasion rate (CFU/cell)
0 20 40 60 80
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Invasion index(%)
genotypeII (U4 與 JK40)與 genotype I (Hous 與 JK47)比較 p<0.05。
0
Control Hous U4 JK47 JK40
pg/ml
*
*
圖十五：不同 B. henselae 分離株刺激細胞之 SOD 活性比較。＊：各分離 株間比較 p<0.05。＊：JK47 與其他分離株和控制組比較 p<0.05。
0 10 20 30 40 50
Control Hous U4 JK47 JK40
SOD activity (%)
*
(A) (B)
圖十六：Hous(A)及 U-4(B)分離株間二維電泳分析。
(A) (B)
圖十七：JK47(A)及 JK40(B)分離株間二維電泳分析。
(A) (B)
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Fold
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Fold
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Fold
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Fold
圖十八(接續下一頁)
(E)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
Fold
圖十八： 4 個分離株中之 BH-D ( Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn ] precursor ) (A)、BU-A ( Acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit alpha ) (B)、BU-B ( Phage related protein ) (C)、47-A (F0F1 ATP synthase subunit
alpha ) (D)與 40-E ( Small heat shock protein ) (E)之 RNA 表現量比較
(A)
(C)
(E)
0 50 100 150 200
24hr 48hr 72hr
Fold
Hous U4 JK47 JK40
圖十九：4 個分離株於感染細胞後之 BH-D ( Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn ] precursor ) (A)、BU-A ( Acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit alpha ) (B)、BU-B ( Phage related protein ) (C)、47-A (F0F1 ATP synthase subunit alpha ) (D)與 40-E ( Small heat shock protein ) (E) 之 RNA 表現量比
較。
圖二十：B. henselae 之致病機轉相關蛋白質的功能。
表一：即時聚合酶連鎖反應之引子序列。
Spot Primer Sequence (5’-3’)
47-A-F AGCACCGAGTCGTTTAACACAA 47-A
47-A-R TGGTATGGCACTCAATTTGGAA 40-E-F GCGTTTTCATTTAGCTGATCATGTT 40-E
40-E-R CGGCATTTCTCTTTTAAGCTGAAT BU-A-F GCCAGCCATAGCCTCTAAAGC BU-A
BU-A-R CATTATTCCGGAGCCCTTAGG BU-B-F GCATTTCCGCAGCAGATCA BU-B
BU-B-R CGGCAAGATTGTTGACTTTGG BH-D-F GTGCCGCAGGTGGTCATTAT BH-D
BH-D-R TCGACATACAGTGCTGGTAAGTCA 16S-F GAGAAGAAGCCCCGGCTAAC 16S rRNA
16S-R TATCCGCCTACATGCGCTTT
表二：聚合酶連鎖反應之引子。
Spot Primer Sequence (5’-3’) Length
( bp) 40E-SF TGATGATGAAGGGTTAAGAA
40-E
40E-SR GAGCCATATACGAAACTTCA
825
BUA-SF GCTATCAGCACAAAAGATCC BU-A
BUA-SR TATCGTTTAGTCAATGAACATCA
1336
BUB-SF CCTATGCTAACAAAATCCTTATT BU-B
BUB-SR TCCTCTGTTAATCGCTCTGT
1115
BHD-SF AATAATGGGTGTTTTTGTCG BH-D
BHD-SR AATTTCACCAGTTTGATTGG
971
表三：Hous 及 U-4 經二維電泳分析所得之差異點。
Spot Genebank
Accession No. Protein Description Theoretical Mr/pI BH-D gi|49475620 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
precursor
18850/5.87 BH-E gi|49476039 Expressed protein 19684/6.14 BU-A gi|49476285 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
carboxyltransferase subunit alpha
34927/6.28
BU-B gi|49475174 Phage related protein 29123/5.80 BU-C gi|49475510 Small heat shock protein 19074/5.56
表四：JK47 及 JK40 經二維電泳分析所得之差異點。
Spot Genebank
Accession No. Protein Description Theoretical Mr/pI 47-A gi|49476189 F0F1 ATP synthase subunit
alpha
55477/5.91
47-B gi|49476305 Succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit beta
42790/5.07
47-D gi|49474982 Inorganic pyrophosphatase 20015/5.13
40-C gi|49475012 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
35575/5.81 40-E
40-F
gi|49475510 Small heat shock protein 19074/5.56
表五：4 個分離株中 5 個表現差異點之蛋白質量與 RNA 表現量比較。 BH-D Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
precursor
－a 1.5 d
BU-A Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
carboxyltransferase subunit alpha
－b 2 c
表六：4 株分離株間特異蛋白質之核酸及胺基酸序列分析結果。
Similarity (%) Protein
Nucleotide Amino acid
Small heat shock protein 99.6%-100% 100%
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
carboxyltransferase subunit alpha
99.7%-100% 100%
Phage related protein 99.4%-100% 98.5%-100%
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn ] precursor
98.5%-100% 96.6%-100%