• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第二節 建議

教育行政機關在投入經費於各校資訊教育的推廣之後,宜適度評鑑校長的科技 領導效能,例如透過校務行政電腦化、落實資訊融入教學、善用現代資訊媒體和資 訊規劃與實踐的推動,以達成資訊教育的落實。此外也可透過科技領導課程的設立,

作為校長進修的管道,以提升校長的科技領導能力;而美英兩國和香港的經驗,值 得作為國內的借鏡。從台北市政府的「資訊教育白皮書」、台中市政府的「教育局施 政白皮書」到高雄市政府「教育局資訊教育中心」的運作與「資訊教育白皮書」的 公佈,無不是因應資訊化社會的到來。而近年以來,國內相關教育科技的政策與計 畫中,例如九年一貫課程中有關生活與科技領域、資訊科技融入各學科,使教材、

教法、教學媒體多元化、加強國小、國中、高中職在職教師資訊應用訓練等,無不 希望達成充實資訊教學資源、普及資訊素養、資訊教育向下扎根,普及全民資訊教 育,使國民具基本資訊素養,輕鬆邁入資訊化社會(教育部,2004)。然而,上述方 案執行之成效,除了經費資源與軟硬體設備的支持之外,各級學校(尤指是中小學)

的領導者,亦即校長的科技領導效能,係為達成各項教育科技政策與計畫成敗的 關鍵。因此基於前述美國科技領導學院發展,提供我國國民中小學學校行政以下建 議:

一、設立科技領導學院或領導課程

現階段的美國有二十五個州設立了科技領導學院,發展校長等行政人員的科技 專業發展;而美國喬治華盛頓大學、明尼蘇達大學和密蘇里大學等,亦開設教育科 技領導碩士課程(educational technology leadership program)、學校科技領導培育計 畫(school technology leadership initiative)和科技領導課程(technology leadership in schools)等。美國在科技領導上的理論發展和實務趨勢,可以作為我國的借鏡,亦 即我國各縣市教育行政機關可以參照美國科技領導學院(講座)的形式,作為校長 進修的管道,以提升校長的科技領導能力。而設有校長培育中心的大專院校或是培 訓教育行政及學校行政人員的研習中心與研究院,在培訓課程上可以考慮增列學校 科技領導的課程。

二、評鑑各校的校長科技領導現況

教育行政機關在投入經費於各校資訊教育的推廣之後,宜適度評鑑校長的科技 領導效能,以達成資訊教育的落實。以目前中小學校務評鑑項目和內容來看,除台 北市(國民小學校務評鑑「自我評鑑報告格式」中,共計有十四項評鑑指標)以外,

有關科技方面的評鑑指標略顯不足(例如:台中市國民小學校務評鑑表計有「推動 校務行政電腦化具有成效」、「落實資訊融入教學」兩項指標;宜蘭縣中小學校務評 鑑表計有「推動校務行政電腦化,具有成效」和「善用現代資訊媒體,教學活潑生 動」兩項指標)。因此,評鑑校長科技領導效能之可行作法,是在中小學校務評鑑內 容上增加類似台北市的「資訊規劃與實踐」的評鑑指標。

三、加強學校內的科技評鑑與研究

本研究發現,相較於其他四項(願景、計畫與管理;人際關係與溝通技巧;科

技與基本設施支援;成員發展與訓練)層面,「評鑑與研究」層面是五項中較低者,

因此,各級學校宜加強學校內科技使用的評鑑與研究。而評鑑科技的效用或衝擊,

必須瞭解科技在教與學過程中的角色;例如以各中小學校大力倡導的資訊融入教學 而言,行政或教師需採用行動研究方法,以瞭解資訊科技融入教學,是否真正提高 了學生的學習動機和學習成就,或只是一味的配合政令融入科技,為科技而科技。

在研究進行之後,可以提供教師們可以採行適當的教學策略。同時,學校在經費允 許下,需適時對教學軟硬體汰舊換新,以提高教與學的效能。

四、定位與強化科技領導的研究方向

國內對於科技領導的研究尚處於起步階段,甚而有學者對於該研究領域陌生而 認為不適用於國內情境的想法。美國自一九九0年起,對於科技領導的研究已有十 五年的時間,而國內倡導科技在學校教育與教育改革的時間也約有十年之久。因此,

對於學校內科技和領導之間的議題(例如:學校領導者對於科技願景的說明、在科 技計畫中所扮演的角色、確保公平使用科技的機會、確認教師可將科技整合到教室 中的教學、利用評鑑改善教學、提供技術的支持以促進科技的使用、提供教職員持 續的專業發展、發展策略性的社群關係、瞭解科技使用的道德和法律問題等)需要 加以瞭解與研究。

邁入資訊化的時代,科技教育的重要性與日俱增,而校長的科技領導效能,更 是教育科技政策與計畫成敗的關鍵。從美國科技領導學院發展發現,國內宜盡速設 立科技領導學院或領導課程,以提升校長的科技領導能力;並需要評鑑各校的校長 科技領導現況,以追蹤資訊教育的落實情況;同時,要加強學校內的科技評鑑與研 究,提供教師們採行適當的教學策略;最後宜定位與強化科技領導的研究方向。

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附錄一「國民小學校長科技領導效能」調查問卷

三、請問您對於校長在促進科技使用之角色有何其他建議或想法?

【填答完畢,非常感謝您的協助】

【填答完畢,非常感謝您的協助】

【填答完畢,非常感謝您的協助】

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