第五章 討論
第二節 建議
一、 室內游泳池環境中對人體有影響的消毒副產物除了三鹵甲烷 之外，氯胺對游泳池工作者以及經常進行訓練之游泳選手造成呼 吸道過敏及氣喘的研究也日漸受到重視，年輕游泳選手是否容易 呼吸道過敏 ? 未來值得進行進一步研究。
二、 文獻研究指出高水溫會增強皮膚吸收效應，台灣溫水SPA 池 及溫泉池盛行，溫水池對人體暴露影響性將來可進行探討。
三、 在本篇研究中環境採樣的三氯甲烷濃度對於游泳受試者的吐 氣濃度相關性不佳，若要印證文獻回顧中水面呼吸區高濃度的特 性，採樣設計還有改善之處，降低水面空氣採樣高度以及將採樣 口以管線延伸至水面上進行進一步的分析以及增加環境採樣的 樣本數以提高樣本代表性。
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health 80:32-39.
附錄一、游泳者暴露三鹵甲烷之重要暴露途徑鑑定：民眾暴
1-1 姓名：_____________
1-2 性別：男 女 1-3 年齡：__________歲 1-4 身高：__________公分 1-5 體重：__________公斤
貳、 個人生活用水及游泳習慣
2-1 請問您平時是否有游泳的習慣﹖(每周至少 2 次且每次 30 分鐘以上)
否(跳答 2-4 題) 是
2-2 請問您最近一個月平均每星期於室內游泳池的游泳次數：
無(跳答 2-4 題) 1~2 次 介於 3~5 次 幾乎每天 2-3 根據上題，請問您平均每次游泳多久﹖____________分鐘/單次 2-4 請問您洗澡的方式
淋浴 泡澡 2-5 請問您一日洗澡幾次﹖
一次 二次 其他，請說明____________
2-6 請問您洗澡的時間多久﹖____________分鐘/單次
參、 呼吸道相關疾病症狀調查
3-1 請問您最近一個月是否罹患感冒﹖
否 是
3-2 請問您最近一個月是否罹患氣喘﹖
否 是
附錄二、揮發性有機物/半揮發性有機物頂空濃縮儀 Model:
7150 介紹
1. 可串接氣相層析儀，針對固體、液體、或氣體進行濃縮分析。
2. 氣態樣品捕捉體積範圍從 5 mL 到 1000 mL。
3. 支援真空抽氣功能，可針對不銹鋼桶(Canister)與大體積頂空瓶 (LVHS)進行濃縮分析。
4. 捕捉管柱具固相微萃取(SPME)濃縮功能，支援碳數範圍至 C25 之有機物濃縮。並可連接除水吸附管與Tenax 吸附管進行除水 與除CO2 功能。
(1) Trap 溫度控制
7150Trap 可分為三個區塊，分別為 T1、T2 以及 T3 如下圖所示
T1 Active SPME T2 H2O Trap T3 Tenax Trap
T1 係固相微萃取(SPME)濃縮功能，支援 C25 有機物濃縮，可捕捉較重的分 子；T2 為除水吸附管，T3 為 Tenax 可將較輕的分子捕捉。
Trap Temp
捕捉樣本時氣體吹掃方向由T1 至 T3 方向進行低溫聚焦捕捉
T2 Preheat
T2 稍微將溫度提升以準備將除水管中少許的極性物質帶往 T3
T2T3
T2 將除水管中少許的極性物質帶往 T3 吸附
35℃ –30
℃
–40
℃
35℃ 10℃ –40
℃
35℃ 10℃ –40
℃
T2 Bake
T2 升溫進行除水
T1 ReFocus
T1 冷凍將樣本進行再聚焦，注意溫度設定勿低於–55℃以避免過度消 耗液態CO2
T3 Preheat
T3 開始預熱脫附
35℃ 150℃ –40
℃
–50
℃
150℃ –40
℃
–50
℃
50℃ 100℃
T3T1
將T3 中所含之待測物脫附至 T1 進行冷凍聚焦，通常設定 T3 溫度介
於190℃至 200℃之間
T1 Preheat
T1 開始預熱準備將待測物脫附進入 GC，通常設定溫度為–30℃(非必 要)
T1 Dsrb
將Trap 中待測物脫附進 GC，
200℃
–50
℃
50℃
50℃ 50℃ 200℃
200℃ 160℃ 200℃
附錄三、揮發性有機化合物標準氣體滯留時間及定量離子質
12. Trichloromonofluoromethane 75-69-4 101 7.62 101 103 13. Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- 75-35-4 94 8.25 61 96 14. Methylene Chloride 75-09-2 95 8.34 49 84 15. Ethane,1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro
編號 Compound CAS NO. 濃度 ( ppb ) 滯留時間 主要離子 次要離子
44. Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 109 16.51 129 127 45. Ethane, 1,2-dibromo- 106-93-4 101 16.87 107 109
46. Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 100 17.56 166 164 47. Benzene, chloro- 108-90-7 103 18.55 112 77
63. 1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-
87-68-3 99 27.68 225 227
附錄四、三鹵甲烷分析之品質管制
項目 分析結果
管制標準 三氯甲烷 一溴二氯甲烷 二溴一氯甲烷 三溴甲烷
空氣分析檢量線查核 2.46±2.2 5.64±5.15 14.71±11.29 6.93±3.44
感應因子與檢量線平均感 應因子相對誤差不得超過±
25%
水樣分析檢量線查核 3.66±1.07 4.55±2.11 3.22±1.93 5.19±4.23
感應因子與檢量線平均感 應因子相對誤差不得超過±
25%
空氣重複樣品分析 2.90±2.71 --- --- --- 相對差異百分比應在 25%
內
吐氣重複樣品分析 6.69±5.61 --- --- --- 相對差異百分比應在 25%
內
水樣重複樣品分析 4.63±4.20 --- --- --- 相對差異百分比應在 25%
內
空氣查核樣品分析 98.38±1.30 --- --- --- 回收率應在 85~ 115%範圍 內
水樣查核樣品分析 93.27±4.47 --- --- --- 回收率應在 85~ 115%範圍 內