第五章 結論
第三節 後續研究展望
國
立 政 治 大 學
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N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
阿彌陀佛關懷中⼼5，慈濟基⾦會等跨國⾮政府組織，有強⼒的組織與⾏動⼒，也有清 楚的跨國合作意識。但這些機構精神領袖或是代⾔⼈(如周聯華牧師之於展望會與浸信 會，聖嚴法師之於慈濟)，雖有道德⾼度與知名度，也甚少在第⼀線出⾯。跨國機構等 團體的代表性，並⾮本⽂所研究的個⼈⾮國家⾏為者範疇。
由民間啟動與政府⽩⼿套的⽭盾
其實這也點出了⼀個很實際的議題，那就是名⼈外交的⾏為出發點，是否應該由 國家政府來啟動。其中牽涉到本位的動機，以及影響⼒帶來的效益是否可以衡量。⽽
台灣需要的，是⼀個對於國家利益能有實質回饋的外交模式或路徑，不論是對於兩岸 關係發展，國家形象與國際知名度，或是多邊商務或政治事務談判，區域性或全球性 議題的倡議，若是由官⽅體制主導，與名⼈外交的世界公民意識似乎有衝突。更重要 的是，⾮國家⾏為者本⾝的主動性，其實正代表了國家所⼒有未殆的領域，在台灣外 交處境當中，若是官⽅有路可⾛，何須第⼆第三軌道替代⽅案的錦上添花。⽤個不好 聽的話說，要是「台灣」都已經是個⾼⼤上的品牌，何需沾台灣之光的「光」。
第三節 後續研究展望
華盛頓國際外交學院主任 Nicholas Kralev，亦是《美國的另類軍隊：美國外交政 策和⼆⼗⼀世紀外交》(America's Other Army: The U. S. Foreign Service and 21st Century
5由慧禮法師發起創辦的國際非政府組織 (INGO) 阿彌陀佛關懷中心（Amitofo Care Centre），主要服務 非洲因貧窮戰亂、天災肆虐、愛滋蔓延而痛失父母的非洲兒童。已在馬拉威、賴索托、史瓦濟蘭、納米 比亞設立孤兒院，更計畫至莫三比克、波札那、南非、肯亞等國家拓展。官方網站：
<http://www.acc.org.tw>。
‧
Diplomacy)
⼀書著作者，在紐約時報的投書中，直指「今天的全球外交並不是⾮常有效，部分原因是它被誤解和缺乏資源。最好的外交在專業上執⾏外交政策，但⼤多數
6 “…Global diplomacy today is not very effective, in part because it is misunderstood and starved of resources.
The best diplomacy carries out foreign policy professionally, yet most countries let amateurs practice it.”
Nicholas Kralev, “Diplomats Are Made, Not Born.” New York Times, February 1, 2018,
<https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/opinion/diplomats-training-foreign-policy.html>.
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立 政 治 大 學
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N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
動者、旅⾏作家的興起，新的台灣之光不⼀定是名⼈，但每⼀個⾛得出去的故事後
⾯，都有「向沒有借東西」的創意。這也代表在名⼈外交之外的其他軟性出路，與國 際關係相關的研究其實有不少尚未深究的素材，也需要後進繼續地從這條脈絡去發掘 探討，譜寫新的篇章。
‧ 國
立 政 治 大 學
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N a tio na
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參考書⽬
⼀、中⽂部分
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爆炸危機下的新經濟⾰命》（Hot, Flat, and Crowded
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記》（Notes from My Travels: Visits with Refugees in Africa, Cambodia, Pakistan and
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王宏慈。〈援助國發展合作的制度與機制〉，《國際發展合作的概念與實務》。台北市：
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周軼君。《拜訪⾰命：從加德滿都、德⿊蘭到倫敦，全球民主浪潮的⾒證與省思》
（The Portrait of Revolution: Reveal and Reflect on the Wave of Global Democratic
Protests
）。台北市，⼋旗⽂化，2016。倪世雄。《當代國際關係理論》。台北市，五南，2003。
鈕⽂英。《質性研究⽅法與論⽂寫作》。台北市，雙葉書廊，2014。
彭明輝。《研究⽣完全求⽣⼿冊：⽅法、秘訣、潛規則》。台北市，聯經，2017。
張慶勳。《論⽂寫作軟權⼒》。台北市:五南出版社，2011。
蔡明彥。〈強制外交在國際政治的運⽤〉，《⼤國政治與強制外交》。台北市：⿍茂，
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（⼆）期刊與研討會論⽂
邱韻芹，2016/6。〈 從台灣之光到全球公民：臺灣與韓國在國際社會的⾃我定位〉，
《台灣新社會智庫》， 第 45 期，⾴ 70-76。
李明峻，2004/10/16。〈全球政府開發援助發展趨勢與台灣策略－國際法觀點〉，「援外 的世界潮流」國際研討會。台北市：財團法⼈國際合作發展基⾦會。
趙剛著，2004。〈全球化時代的「軟權⼒」與⽂化安全策略〉，《國際論壇》，第六卷第
⼆期，⾴ 1-4。
（三）學位論⽂
孫國祥。《中共⽂化軟實⼒外交之實踐-以中國⽂化中⼼為例》。政治⼤學外交研究所碩
⼠論⽂，2017。
許家榮。《⾏銷與創意-台灣公共外交之研究》。政治⼤學外交研究所碩⼠論⽂，2010。
⿈嫚瑩。《⽇本公眾外交政策之政經邏輯》。政治⼤學外交研究所碩⼠論⽂，2017。
傅筱琳。《軟性權⼒之概念與應⽤：以台灣的外交實踐為例》。政治⼤學外交研究所碩
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（四）報紙雜誌電⼦媒體
2012/8/25。〈「亞洲的諾⾙爾獎」⿆格塞塞 台灣陳樹菊排⾸位！」〉，《東森新聞雲》，
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張曉雯，2012/2/24。〈Linsanity 成英⽂單字〉，《 中央通訊社》，
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報》，2003 年 08 ⽉ 20 ⽇。<
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（
五）網際網路
‧
<www.aisixiang.com/data/77450.html >。
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⼆、英⽂部分
（⼀）專書
Alleyne, Mark. Global Lies? Propaganda, the UN and the World Order. Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Arora, N. D.. Political Science for Civil Services Main Examination. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2010.
Barston, R.P.. Modern Diplomacy. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Cooper, Andrew. Celebrity Diplomacy. New York: Paradigm Publishers, 2008.
Cooper, Andrew., Heine, Jorge., and Thakur Amesh. Modern Diplomacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Foucault, Michel. Power: The Essential Works of Michel Foucault (Dits et écrits), trans., Robert Hurley. New York: New Press, 2001.
Goland, Guy J., Yang, Sung-un., and Kinsey, Dennis. International Public Relations and
Public Diplomacy: Communication and Engagement. New York: Peter Lang Publishing,
2015.Hoffman, Arthur (ed.). International Communication and the New Diplomacy. Bloomington:
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Leonard, Mark. Public Diplomacy. London: Foreign Policy Center, 2002.
Melissen, Jan. (ed.). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations. New York: Palgrabe MacMillan, 2005.
Morgenthau, Hans. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. Boston:
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006.
Morriss, Peter. Power: A Philosophical Analysis, 2nd edition. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2002.
‧
Rojek, Chris. Celebrity. London: Reaktion Books, 2001.
Said, Edward. Cultural and Imperialism. New York: Vintage, 1993.
Solove, Daniel J.. The Future of Reputation. Kirkwood: Vaiil-Ballou Press, 2007.
“The Gospel of Luke”, New Testament of the Holy Bible.
Tsaliki, Liza., Frangonikolopoulos, Christos., and Huliaras, Asteries (ed.). Transnational
Celebrity Activism in Global Politics: Changing the World? Chicago: University of Chicago
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（⼆）專書論⽂
Calhoun, Craig (ed.). “Non-State Actors”, Dictionary of the Social Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Geraghty, Christine. “Re-examining Stardom: Questions of Texts, Bodies and Performance,”
in Gledhill and Williams, (ed.), Reinventing Film Studies. London: Arnold, 2000. pp. 183-201.
Halliday, Fred. “The Romance of Non-state Actors.” in Josselin and Wallace (ed.), Non-state
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（三）期刊論⽂
Chouliaraki, Lilie. “The Theatricality of Humanitarianism: A Critique of Celebrity Advocacy,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Vol. 9, No.1, 2011. pp. 1-21.
Dieter, Heribert and Kumar, Rajiv. The Downside of Celebrity Diplomacy: The Neglected Complexity of Development,” Global Governance, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2008. pp. 259-264
‧
Fitzpatrick, Kathy. “Advancing the New Public Diplomacy: A Public Relations Perspective,”
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Huliaras, Asteris and Tzifakis, Nikolaos. “Celebrity Activism in International Relations: In Search of a Framework for Analysis,” Global Society, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2010. pp. 255-274.
Kelley, John. “The New Diplomacy: Evolution of a Revolution”, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Vol. 21 No. 2, 2010. pp. 286-305.
McCoy, D., Kembhavi, G., Patel J., and Luintel A. “The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Grant-making Programme for Global Health,” The Lance, Vol. 373,2009. pp. 1650.
Nye, Joseph S. “Soft Power.” Foreign Policy, Vol. 80, 1990. pp. 153-171.
Nye, Joseph S. “The Decline of America’s Soft Power.” Foreign Affairs. Vol. 83, No. 3 May/June, 2004. pp. 13-21.
Street, John, “Do Celebrity Politics and Celebrity Politicians Matter?”, The British Journal of
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Wadlow, Rene. “Non-State Actors in International Relations”, International Journal on
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Wheeler, Mark. “Transnational Celebrity Activism: Advocacy and Diplomacy,” Celebrity
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（四）學位論⽂
Martensson, Arbenita. Celebrity Diplomats – Strategic Communication Resources and
Meditators between the Power, Victims and the Global Public. Thesis, Department of
Strategic Communication, Lund University, 2018.Visser, Noortje.. Celebrity Diplomacy: A Friend or Foe of Official Diplomacy? Master Dissertation, Political Science – International Relations, University of Amsterdam, 2012.
（五）報紙雜誌
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Semler, Ashley and Strasser, Franz, 2014/1/23. “How 'Ping Pong Diplomacy' Brought Nixon to China,” BBC News. <http://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-25836922/how-ping-pong-diplomacy-brought-nixon-to-china>.
Sui, Cindy, 2010/7/1. “Taiwan Turns to Celebrity Diplomacy,” LA Times,
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（五）網路資料⽂章
‧
Alaimo, Kara, 2015/10/8. “How the Facebook Arabic Page ‘We Are All Khaled Said’ Helped Promote the Egyptian Revolution,” SAGE journals,
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（六）機構與組織官⽅網站