第六章、 結論與建議
第三節、 後續研究建議
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最後,望⼀些同性戀團體可以無畏的出來做好同性戀議題的宣傳,如若能 使社會上反對同性戀的宗教團體承認,同性戀不能被宗教、醫學和科學的⼒量改 變的話,那麼同性戀團體的權益將會受到極⼤的保障。並且在社會中,需要同性 戀這個群體能夠合⼒建⽴⼀個同性戀者的保護組織,那麼期望經由這個組織的宣 傳或爭取合法權益,能夠破除社會上⼀些⼈對於同性戀的歧視,這樣就可以建⽴
同性戀群體的友善空間,並且保障同性戀者們的合法權益。
第三節、 後續研究建議
因本研究的⾃變數對依變數的解釋⼒普遍不⾼,重新回顧⽂獻發現,在控制 同性戀恐懼症(homophobia)時,男性與⼥性對同性戀(婚姻)的態度並無顯著 差異(Moskowitz,Rieger & Roloff,2010)。同性戀恐懼症可能作為性別對同性 戀(婚姻)態度影響中存在中介效果,這也可以解釋為什麼男性的同性戀(婚姻)
態度⽐⼥性低,因為男性對同性戀更為恐懼。
Whitehead(2010)的分析顯⽰,⼥性更傾向於將同性戀視為天⽣的⽽不是選 擇。當控制同性戀歸因時,性別與對同性戀(婚姻)的態度沒有顯著關聯。政治 與宗教信仰只是透過同性戀歸因影響同性戀(婚姻)態度(Herek & Capitanio,
1995;Haider-Markel & Joslyn,2008;Whitehead,2010)。⼈們對於同性戀成因 的界定,如認為同性戀是⾃然形成的,那麼對同性戀(婚姻)的態度越理解。
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niversity個體的學歷與政治傾向也往往會影響其對同性婚姻的⽀持態度(Westgate et al.,2015)。Chi & Hawk(2016)研究顯⽰對於男性和⼥性⼤學⽣來說,較⾼的
母親教育程度,在城市地區⾧⼤以及更頻繁使⽤互聯網與對同性戀(婚姻)有著 更積極的態度相關。⾸先,儘管更⾼的母親教育⽔平與更積極的態度相聯繫,但
Chi& Hawk 表⽰⽗親教育⽔平並不是同婚態度的重要預測因素。再考慮到母親
通常是兒童的主要照顧者,並且相⽐於⽗親會花更多時間陪孩⼦,因此她們有更 多機會將⾃⼰的信仰和態度傳遞給後代,具有較⾼教育⽔平的⼥性通常不會對同 性戀的持有偏⾒。因此,母親教育程度較⾼的學⽣會持有更積極的態度。
居住城市的⼤學⽣可能更多地接觸各種社會規範和多元⽂化價值觀,並且使
⽤更多的互聯網,從互聯網獲得⼤量信息(例如更多的西⽅態度,更多地接受性 多元化),所以他們對同性戀的態度是寬容的(Chi & Hawk,2016)。
通過多種教學策略(例如⽂獻閱讀,講座,視頻,相關演講和反思性討論),
特別是關於同性戀主題之性教育課程增⾧了⼤學⽣對同性戀(婚姻)的寬容態度。
這強調了在性教育項⽬中納⼊與性取向有關主題之重要性,以促進對同性戀者及 其經歷的更好理解和接受(Chi,2013)。
綜上所述,本研究在選取影響同婚態度之影響因素時,未將同性戀歸因、同 性戀恐懼症、受教育程度、居住地、性教育等重要因素納⼊分析當中,導致研究 中⾃變數整體對於依變數的解釋⼒不⾼。另外,研究對象只針對⼤學⽣群體,並 沒有針對不同年齡、不同教育程度的對象,研究對象的同質性太⾼,可能看不出
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態度上之差異,所以後續研究應加⼊影響同婚態度之重要變數來對同婚態度有更 加完整的解釋能⼒。
最後,因在台陸⽣的⼈數太多,並且沒有母體名冊,所以在抽樣⽅法上只能 選取隨機滾雪球抽樣,這樣取得的樣本可能不能在整體上代表全部台⽣與陸⽣。
最後,在問卷發放上,因為⼈⼒和物⼒的限制,只能選取網絡問卷的⽅式,但網 絡最⼤的局限性在於可性度問題,受訪者真實⾝分無法分辨,僅能以信任為基礎,
作為受訪者的樣本特性。特別是當提及性話題(例如性傾向)時,若是採⽤其他 研究⽅法,如質性深度訪談可能成為未來研究的寶貴⽅向。⼀對⼀訪談可以使參 與者感受到更多的隱私和安全,因此更願意表達⾃⼰的真實想法和情況,從⽽可 以引發更加開放和真實的回應。
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