未來展望

第五章實驗結果與討論

6.2 未來展望

本論文中僅針對9-7 及 18-10 filter 進行實驗效能測試，然則在小波轉換中，尚有其餘眾多的 filter 會產生不同屬性的小波係數，進而可能會影響到浮水印嵌入流程中的小波樹係數能量結構，故未來可以進行 filter 種類與特性之相關探討，並嘗試尋求更好的效能搭配。

此外，本論文是以四層小波轉換作為小波樹係數的產生機制，未來尚可探討五層以上小波轉換對於整體浮水印演算法所可能產生的影響，並研究是否有更佳的決定差異化方向之演算法。最後在原始影像切割重組方面，亦可尋求不同的子影像組合方式，亦或變更子影像的組合數量，以期得到更安全且更能抵抗影像處理攻擊的方法。

參考文獻

[1] Shih-Hao Wang, Yuan-Pei Lin, “Wavelet Tree Quantization for Copyright Protection Watermarking”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 154-165, Feb 2004.

[2] N. Bourbakits, C. Alexopoulos, “Picture Data Encryption Using Scan Patterns”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 567-581, 1992.

[3] C. J. Kuo, “Novel Image Encryption Technique and Its Application in Progressive Transmission”, Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 345-351, 1993.

[4] 張真誠、黃國峰、陳同孝，電子影像技術，旗標出版股份有限公司，台北，民國九十二年三月。

[5] Murray, A. H., R. W. Burchfiled (eds), The Oxford English dictionary: being a corrected re-issue, Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1933.

[6] Stefan Katzenbeisser, Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking, Artech House, Boston, 2000.

[7] Jeffrey A. Bloom, Ingemar J. Cox, Ton Kalker, Jean-Paul M.G. Linnartz, Matthew L.

Miller, C. Brendan S. Traw, “Copy Protection for DVD Video”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 87, No. 7, pp. 1267-1276, Jul 1999.

[8] Jeng-Shyang Pan, Hsiang-Cheh Huang, Lakhmi C. Jain, Intelligent Watermarking Techniques, World Scientific, Singapore, 2004.

[9] 鄭育仁、殷志揚、吳大鈞、蔡文祥，「數位博物館影像資訊的版權保護與認證」，新世紀數位圖書館與數位博物館趨勢研討會，VIII-1 頁~VIII-11 頁，新竹，民國九十年十一月一日。

[10] M. S. Kankanhalli, K. R. Ramakrishnan, “Adaptive Visible Watermarking of Images”, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and System, Vol. 1, 1999.

[11] S. P. Mohanty, K. R. Ramakrishnan, M. S. Kankanhalli, “A DCT Domain Visible

Watermarking Technique for Images”, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Vol. 2, pp. 1029-1032, 2000.

[12] http://www.trl.ibm.com/projects/RightsManagement/datahiding/dhimg.htm [13] http://www.ndap.org.tw/2_techreport/index.php?pid=228

[14] 林承龍，「以均勻 Deadzone 為基礎之小波樹量化的數位影像浮水印」，國立交通大學資訊管理研究所，碩士論文，民國九十四年。

[15] 羅銘耀，「植基於小波轉換之彩色影像浮水印技術」，國立東華大學資訊工程研究所，碩士論文，民國九十三年。

[16] A. B. Watson, G. Y. Yang, A. Solomon, J. Villasenor, “Visibility of Wavelet Quantization Noise”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 6, pp. 1164-1175, Aug 1997.

[17] I. Hontsch, L. J. Karam, R. J. Safranek, “A Perceptually Tuned Embedded Zerotree Image Coder”, Proc. IEEE ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 41-44, 1997.

[18] Shih-Hao Wang, Yuan-Pei Lin, “Blind Watermarking Using Wavelet Tree Quantization”, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Vol. 1, pp. 589-592, Aug 2002.

[19] M. Kutter, F. Jordan, F. Bossen, “Digital Watermarking of Color Images Using Amplitude Modulation”, Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 326-332, 1998.

[20] M. S. Huang, C. C. Chang, K. F. Huang, “A Watermarking Technique Based on One-Way Hash Functions”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp.

286-294, 1999.

[21] R. Wolfgang, E. Delp, “A Watermark for Digital Images”, IEEE ICIP96, Vol. 3, Sep 1996.

[22] G. Voyatzis, I. Pitas, “Chaotic Watermarks for Embedding in the Spatial Digital Image Domain”, IEEE ICIP98, Vol. 2, Oct 1998.

[23] I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, T. Shamoon, “Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 1673-1687, Dec 1997.

[24] 單維彰，「凌波初步」，民 88，台北：全華科技圖書股份有限公司。

[25] Peter J. Burt, Edward H. Adelson, "The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code", IEEE Transactions on Communication 31, No. 4, pp. 532-540, 1983.

[26] Marc Antonini, Michel Barlaud, Pierre Mathieu, Ingrid Daubechies, “Image Coding Using Wavelet Transform”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.

205-220, Apr 1992.

[27] A. Munteanu, J. Cornelis, G. V. D. Auwera, P. Cristea, “Wavelet Image Compression – The Quadtree Coding Approach”, IEEE Transactions on Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.

3, No 3, pp. 176-185, Sep 1999.

[28] Tanmoy Kanti Das, Subhamoy Maitra, “Cryptanalysis of Wavelet Tree Quantization Watermarking Scheme”, IWDC 2004, LNCS 3326, pp. 219–230, 2004.

[29] Min-Jen Tsai, Kuang-Yao Yu, Yi-Zhang Chen, “Joint Wavelet and Spatial Transformation for Digital Watermarking”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 46, Issue 1, pp. 237, Feb 2000.

[30] Biao-Bing Huang, Shao-Xian Tang, “A Contrast-Sensitive Visible Watermarking Scheme”, IEEE Multimedia, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 60-66, Apr-Jun 2006.

[31] Zhao Dawei, Chen Guanrong, Liu Wenbo, “A Chaos-based Robust Wavelet-domain Watermarking Algorithm”, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 22, pp. 47-54, 2004.

[32] 陳同孝、張真誠、黃國峰，數位影像處理技術，旗標出版股份有限公司，台北，民國九十二年五月。

[33] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, Ross J. Anderson, Markus G. Kuhn, “Attacks on Copyright Marking Systems”, in David Aucsmith (Ed), Information Hiding, Second International Workshop, IH’98, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., Apr 15-17, 1998.

[34] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, “Watermarking schemes evaluation”, IEEE Signal Processing, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 58–64, Sep 2000.

[35] http://www.petitcolas.net/fabien/watermarking/stirmark/

附錄 Filter Banks

9-7 Filter

H 0 H₁ G ₀ G₁

3.782845551e-02 0 0 -3.782845551e-02 -2.384946502e-02 -6.453888263e-02 -6.453888263e-02 -2.384946502e-02

-1.106244044e-01 4.068941761e-02 -4.068941761e-02 1.106244044e-01 3.774028556e-01 4.180922732e-01 4.180922732e-01 3.774028556e-01 8.526986790e-01 -7.884856164e-01 7.884856164e-01 -8.526986790e-01 3.774028556e-01 4.180922732e-01 4.180922732e-01 3.774028556e-01 -1.106244044e-01 4.068941761e-02 -4.068941761e-02 1.106244044e-01 -2.384946502e-02 -6.453888263e-02 -6.453888263e-02 -2.384946502e-02

3.782845551e-02 0 0 -3.782845551e-02

18-10 Filter

H 0 H₁ G ₀ G₁

9.544158682e-04 0 0 9.544158682e-04

-2.727196297e-06 0 0 -2.727196297e-06 -9.452462998e-03 0 0 -9.452462998e-03 -2.528037294e-03 0 0 -2.528037294e-03

3.083373439e-02 2.885256501e-02 2.885256501e-02 3.083373439e-02 -1.376513483e-02 -8.244478228e-05 8.244478228e-05 -1.376513483e-02 -8.566118833e-02 -1.575264469e-01 -1.575264469e-01 -8.566118833e-02

1.633685406e-01 -7.679048885e-02 7.679048885e-02 1.633685406e-01 6.233596410e-01 7.589077295e-01 7.589077295e-01 6.233596410e-01 6.233596410e-01 -7.589077295e-01 7.589077295e-01 6.233596410e-01 1.633685406e-01 7.679048885e-02 7.679048885e-02 1.633685406e-01 -8.566118833e-02 1.575264469e-01 -1.575264469e-01 -8.566118833e-02 -1.376513483e-02 8.244478228e-05 8.244478228e-05 -1.376513483e-02

3.083373439e-02 -2.885256501e-02 2.885256501e-02 3.083373439e-02

-2.528037294e-03 0 0 -2.528037294e-03 -9.452462998e-03 0 0 -9.452462998e-03 -2.727196297e-06 0 0 -2.727196297e-06